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Ca 2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:33-61. [PMID: 34978597 PMCID: PMC8721633 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as valvular or coronary artery dysfunctions. Since the impact of DM on cardiac function is rather silent and slow, early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy, known as prediabetes, are poorly recognized, and, on many occasions, cardiac illness is diagnosed only after a severe degree of dysfunction was reached. Therefore, exploration and recognition of the initial pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are of vital importance for an on-time diagnosis and treatment of the malady. Among the complex and intricate mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been described as pivotal early processes. In the present review, we will focus on these two processes and the molecular pathway that relates these two alterations to the earlier stages and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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2
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Characterization of six CaMKIIα variants found in patients with schizophrenia. iScience 2021; 24:103184. [PMID: 34667946 PMCID: PMC8506966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a central regulator of synaptic plasticity and has been implicated in various neurological conditions, including schizophrenia. Here, we characterize six different CaMKIIα variants found in patients with schizophrenia. Only R396stop disrupted the 12-meric holoenzyme structure, GluN2B binding, and synaptic localization. Additionally, R396stop impaired T286 autophosphorylation that generates Ca2+-independent “autonomous” kinase activity. This impairment in T286 autophosphorylation was shared by the R8H mutation, the only mutation that additionally reduced stimulated kinase activity. None of the mutations affected the levels of CaMKII expression in HEK293 cells. Thus, impaired CaMKII function was detected only for R396stop and R8H. However, two of the other mutations have been later identified also in the general population, and not all mutations found in patients with schizophrenia would be expected to cause disease. Nonetheless, for the R396stop mutation, the severity of the biochemical effects found here would predict a neurological phenotype. Two of six CaMKII variants found in patients with schizophrenia showed impairments R396stop disrupted holoenzyme structure, T286 autophosphorylation, and GluN2B binding R8H reduced T286 autophosphorylation and stimulated activity Two of the four other variants were later found also in the general population
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Tran BN, Valek L, Wilken-Schmitz A, Fuhrmann DC, Namgaladze D, Wittig I, Tegeder I. Reduced exploratory behavior in neuronal nucleoredoxin knockout mice. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102054. [PMID: 34198070 PMCID: PMC8254043 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin is a thioredoxin-like redoxin that has been recognized as redox modulator of WNT signaling. Using a Yeast-2-Hybrid screen, we identified calcium calmodulin kinase 2a, Camk2a, as a prominent prey in a brain library. Camk2a is crucial for nitric oxide dependent processes of neuronal plasticity of learning and memory. Therefore, the present study assessed functions of NXN in neuronal Nestin-NXN-/- deficient mice. The NXN-Camk2a interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation, and by colocalization in neuropil and dendritic spines. Functionally, Camk2a activity was reduced in NXN deficient neurons and restored with recombinant NXN. Proteomics revealed reduced oxidation in the hippocampus of Nestin-NXN-/- deficient mice, including Camk2a, further synaptic and mitochondrial proteins, and was associated with a reduction of mitochondrial respiration. Nestin-NXN-/- mice were healthy and behaved normally in behavioral tests of anxiety, activity and sociability. They had no cognitive deficits in touchscreen based learning & memory tasks, but omitted more trials showing a lower interest in the reward. They also engaged less in rewarding voluntary wheel running, and in exploratory behavior in IntelliCages. Accuracy was enhanced owing to the loss of exploration. The data suggested that NXN maintained the oxidative state of Camk2a and thereby its activity. In addition, it supported oxidation of other synaptic and mitochondrial proteins, and mitochondrial respiration. The loss of NXN-dependent pro-oxidative functions manifested in a loss of exploratory drive and reduced interest in reward in behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ngoc Tran
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Medical Faculty, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucie Valek
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Medical Faculty, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Medical Faculty, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Dimitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University, Medical Faculty, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Medical Faculty, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Medical Faculty, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Sharlo KA, Paramonova II, Lvova ID, Mochalova EP, Kalashnikov VE, Vilchinskaya NA, Tyganov SA, Konstantinova TS, Shevchenko TF, Kalamkarov GR, Shenkman BS. Plantar Mechanical Stimulation Maintains Slow Myosin Expression in Disused Rat Soleus Muscle via NO-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1372. [PMID: 33573052 PMCID: PMC7866401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It was observed that gravitational unloading during space missions and simulated microgravity in ground-based studies leads to both transformation of slow-twitch muscle fibers into fast-twitch fibers and to the elimination of support afferentation, leading to the "switching-off" of postural muscle motor units electrical activity. In recent years, plantar mechanical stimulation (PMS) has been found to maintain the neuromuscular activity of the hindlimb muscles. Nitric oxide (NO) was shown to be one of the mediators of muscle fiber activity, which can also promote slow-type myosin expression. We hypothesized that applying PMS during rat hindlimb unloading would lead to NO production upregulation and prevention of the unloading-induced slow-to-fast fiber-type shift in rat soleus muscles. To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were hindlimb suspended and subjected to daily PMS, and one group of PMS-subjected animals was also treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). We discovered that PMS led to sustained NO level in soleus muscles of the suspended animals, and NOS inhibitor administration blocked this effect, as well as the positive effects of PMS on myosin I and IIa mRNA transcription and slow-to-fast fiber-type ratio during rat hindlimb unloading. The results of the study indicate that NOS activity is necessary for the PMS-mediated prevention of slow-to-fast fiber-type shift and myosin I and IIa mRNA transcription decreases during rat hindlimb unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Inna I. Paramonova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Irina D. Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina P. Mochalova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Vitaliy E. Kalashnikov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Natalia A. Vilchinskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatyana S. Konstantinova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.K.); (T.F.S.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Tatiana F. Shevchenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.K.); (T.F.S.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Grigoriy R. Kalamkarov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.K.); (T.F.S.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Yang X, Xue H, Lang Y. The Relationship Between Protein S-Nitrosylation and Human Diseases: A Review. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2815-2827. [PMID: 32984933 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation (SNO) is a covalent post-translational oxidative modification. The reaction is the nitroso group (-NO) to a reactive cysteine thiol within a protein to form the SNO. In recent years, a variety of proteins in human body have been found to undergo thiol nitrosylation under specific conditions. Protein SNO, which is closely related to cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and tumors, plays an important role in regulatory mechanism of protein function in both physiological and pathological pathways, such as in cellular homeostasis and metabolism. This review discusses possible molecular mechanisms protein SNO modification, such as the role of NO in vivo and the formation mechanism of SNO, with particular emphasis on mechanisms utilized by SNO to cause certain diseases of human. Importantly, the effect of SNO on diseases is multifaceted and multi-channel, and its critical value in vivo is not well defined. Intracellular redox environment is also a key factor affecting its level. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the equilibrium relationship between SNO and denitrosylation pathway in the future researches. These findings provide theoretical support for the improvement or treatment of diseases from the point of view of SNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumiao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
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Bayer KU, Schulman H. CaM Kinase: Still Inspiring at 40. Neuron 2019; 103:380-394. [PMID: 31394063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was touted as a memory molecule, even before its involvement in long-term potentiation (LTP) was shown. The enzyme has not disappointed, with subsequent demonstrations of remarkable structural and regulatory properties. Its neuronal functions now extend to long-term depression (LTD), and last year saw the first direct evidence for memory storage by CaMKII. Although CaMKII may have taken the spotlight, it is a member of a large family of diverse and interesting CaM kinases. Our aim is to place CaMKII in context of the other CaM kinases and then review certain aspects of this kinase that are of current interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Hegyi B, Bers DM, Bossuyt J. CaMKII signaling in heart diseases: Emerging role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:246-259. [PMID: 30633874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in diabetes and significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Diabetes is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, which may further enhance CaMKII. Activation of CaMKII occurs downstream of neurohormonal stimulation (e.g. via G-protein coupled receptors) and involve various posttranslational modifications including autophosphorylation, oxidation, S-nitrosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. CaMKII signaling regulates diverse cellular processes in a spatiotemporal manner including excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling, mechanics and energetics in cardiac myocytes. Chronic activation of CaMKII results in cellular remodeling and ultimately arrhythmogenic alterations in Ca2+ handling, ion channels, cell-to-cell coupling and metabolism. This review addresses the detrimental effects of the upregulated CaMKII signaling to enhance the arrhythmogenic substrate and trigger mechanisms in the heart. We also briefly summarize preclinical studies using kinase inhibitors and genetically modified mice targeting CaMKII in diabetes. The mechanistic understanding of CaMKII signaling, cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia mechanisms may reveal new therapeutic targets and ultimately better treatment in diabetes and heart disease in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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8
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Zhang F, Huang G, Zhu X. Effect of different charges of modified electroconvulsive seizure on the cognitive behavior in stressed rats: Effects of GluR1 phosphorylation and CaMKIIα activity. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:748-758. [PMID: 30651859 PMCID: PMC6307485 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an efficient therapy for major depression and modern ECT requires anesthesia to enhance safety. However, the commonly used anesthetic, propofol, may weaken the treatment efficacy. A recent study confirmed that ketamine rapidly reduced the symptoms of depression in affected patients. A previous study found that electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), the animal model for ECT, under anesthesia of low-dose ketamine combined with propofol could enhance the antidepressant efficacy and improve the cognitive performance. The present study aimed to investigate the responses to different charges (0, 60, 120, 180 or 240 mC) of ECS under compound anesthetics, ketamine combined with propofol, in stressed rats and the underlying mechanisms to aid in optimization of treatment regimens. The results indicated that ECS exhibited an improved antidepressant effects at 120 mC compared with 60 mC, however, no significant differences in antidepressant effects were identified among the 120, 180 and 240 mC groups. Furthermore, rats subjected to ECS at 120 mC exhibited the best cognitive performance. The phosphorylation levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) at Thr286, glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) at Ser831 and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) at the Ser133 were higher in the 120-mC group compared with all other groups. These results indicated that the ECS at medium intensity (120 mC) with administration of compound anesthetics may exert an improved therapeutic effect on depression compared with other intensities (0, 60, 180 and 240 mC). The results also suggested that the improvement in cognitive function in stressed rats may be attributed to the phosphorylation of CaMKIIα (Thr286), GluR1 (Ser831) and CREB (Ser133).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Jianyang City, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xianlin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
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9
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Maltsev AV, Bal NV, Balaban PM. LTP suppression by protein synthesis inhibitors is NO-dependent. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:276-288. [PMID: 30540927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, the ability of protein synthesis inhibitors (PSI) to suppress the long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal responses is known. It is considered that mechanisms of such impairment are related to a cessation of translation and a delayed depletion of the protein pool required for maintenance of synaptic plasticity. The present study demonstrates that cycloheximide or anisomycin applications reduce amplitudes of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials as well as the presynaptically mediated form of plasticity, the paired-pulse facilitation after LTP induction in neurons of the CA1 area of hippocampus. We showed that nitric oxide signaling could be one of the pathways that cause the LTP decrease induced by cycloheximide or anisomycin. Inhibitor of the NO synthase, L-NNA or the NO scavenger, PTIO, rescued the late-phase LTP and restored the paired-pulse facilitation up to the control levels. For the first time we have directly measured the nitric oxide production induced by application of the translation blockers in hippocampal neurons using the NO-sensitive dye DAF-FM. Inhibitory analysis demonstrated that changes during protein synthesis blockade downstream the NO signaling cascade are cGMP-independent and apparently are implemented through degradation of target proteins. Prolonged application of the NO donor SNAP impaired the LTP maintenance in the same manner as PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Maltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bal
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia
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Saddouk FZ, Ginnan R, Singer HA. Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in Vascular Smooth Muscle. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:171-202. [PMID: 28212797 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways are central regulators of differentiated vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile function. In addition, Ca2+ signals regulate VSM gene transcription, proliferation, and migration of dedifferentiated or "synthetic" phenotype VSM cells. Synthetic phenotype VSM growth and hyperplasia are hallmarks of pervasive vascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, postangioplasty/in-stent restenosis, and vein graft failure. The serine/threonine protein kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous mediator of intracellular Ca2+ signals. Its multifunctional nature, structural complexity, diversity of isoforms, and splice variants all characterize this protein kinase and make study of its activity and function challenging. The kinase has unique autoregulatory mechanisms, and emerging studies suggest that it can function to integrate Ca2+ and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species signaling. Differentiated VSM expresses primarily CaMKIIγ and -δ isoforms. CaMKIIγ isoform expression correlates closely with the differentiated phenotype, and some studies link its function to regulation of contractile activity and Ca2+ homeostasis. Conversely, synthetic phenotype VSM cells primarily express CaMKIIδ and substantial evidence links it to regulation of gene transcription, proliferation, and migration of VSM in vitro, and vascular hypertrophic and hyperplastic remodeling in vivo. CaMKIIδ and -γ isoforms have opposing functions at the level of cell cycle regulation, proliferation, and VSM hyperplasia in vivo. Isoform switching following vascular injury is a key step in promoting vascular remodeling. Recent availability of genetically engineered mice with smooth muscle deletion of specific isoforms and transgenics expressing an endogenous inhibitor protein (CAMK2N) has enabled a better understanding of CaMKII function in VSM and should facilitate future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Saddouk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - R Ginnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - H A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.
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Novel Roles for Peroxynitrite in Angiotensin II and CaMKII Signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23416. [PMID: 27079272 PMCID: PMC4832198 DOI: 10.1038/srep23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) oxidation controls excitability and viability. While hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) affects Ca2+-activated CaMKII in vitro, Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced CaMKIIδ signaling in cardiomyocytes is Ca2+ independent and requires NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, but not its dismutation product H2O2. To better define the biological regulation of CaMKII activation and signaling by Ang II, we evaluated the potential for peroxynitrite (ONOO−) to mediate CaMKII activation and downstream Kv4.3 channel mRNA destabilization by Ang II. In vitro experiments show that ONOO− oxidizes and modestly activates pure CaMKII in the absence of Ca2+/CaM. Remarkably, this apokinase stimulation persists after mutating known oxidation targets (M281, M282, C290), suggesting a novel mechanism for increasing baseline Ca2+-independent CaMKII activity. The role of ONOO− in cardiac and neuronal responses to Ang II was then tested by scavenging ONOO− and preventing its formation by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase. Both treatments blocked Ang II effects on Kv4.3, tyrosine nitration and CaMKIIδ oxidation and activation. Together, these data show that ONOO− participates in Ang II-CaMKII signaling. The requirement for ONOO− in transducing Ang II signaling identifies ONOO−, which has been viewed as a reactive damaging byproduct of superoxide and nitric oxide, as a mediator of GPCR-CaMKII signaling.
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12
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Bhattacharyya M, Stratton MM, Going CC, McSpadden ED, Huang Y, Susa AC, Elleman A, Cao YM, Pappireddi N, Burkhardt P, Gee CL, Barros T, Schulman H, Williams ER, Kuriyan J. Molecular mechanism of activation-triggered subunit exchange in Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26949248 PMCID: PMC4859805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation triggers the exchange of subunits in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an oligomeric enzyme that is critical for learning, memory, and cardiac function. The mechanism by which subunit exchange occurs remains elusive. We show that the human CaMKII holoenzyme exists in dodecameric and tetradecameric forms, and that the calmodulin (CaM)-binding element of CaMKII can bind to the hub of the holoenzyme and destabilize it to release dimers. The structures of CaMKII from two distantly diverged organisms suggest that the CaM-binding element of activated CaMKII acts as a wedge by docking at intersubunit interfaces in the hub. This converts the hub into a spiral form that can release or gain CaMKII dimers. Our data reveal a three-way competition for the CaM-binding element, whereby phosphorylation biases it towards the hub interface, away from the kinase domain and calmodulin, thus unlocking the ability of activated CaMKII holoenzymes to exchange dimers with unactivated ones. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13405.001 How does memory outlast the lifetime of the molecules that encode it? One enzyme that is found in neurons and has been suggested to help long-term memories to form is called CaMKII. Each CaMKII assembly is typically composed of 12 to 14 protein subunits associated in a ring and can exist in either an “unactivated” or “activated” state. In 2014, researchers showed that CaMKII assemblies can exchange subunits with each other. Importantly, an active CaMKII can mix with an unactivated CaMKII and share its activation state. CaMKII may use this mechanism to spread information to the next generation of proteins – thereby allowing activation to outlast the lifespan of the initially activated proteins. However the molecular mechanism that underlies this process was not clear. Now, Bhattacharyya et al. – including some of the researchers involved in the 2014 work – address two questions about this mechanism. How do subunits exchange between CaMKII assemblies? And how does the activation of CaMKII initiate subunit exchange? A closed-ring hub ties the subunits of CaMKII together, similar to the organization of the segments in an orange. To undergo subunit exchange, the hub must open up to release and accept subunits. Bhattacharyya et al. have now uncovered an intrinsic flexibility in the hub that is triggered by a short peptide segment in CaMKII. This segment, which is exposed in activated CaMKII but not in the unactivated form, can crack open the hub ring by binding between the hub subunits, like a finger separating the segments of an orange. This allows the hub to flex and expand, and once open, the hub’s flexibility allows room for subunits to be released or accepted. Although this subunit exchange mechanism could be a powerful means for spreading the activated state throughout signaling pathways, the biological relevance of this phenomenon has not been clarified. However, the mechanistic framework provided by Bhattacharyya et al. may allow new experiments to be performed that test the consequences of subunit exchange in live cells and organisms. It could also enable investigations into the importance of subunit exchange in long-term memory. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13405.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitrayee Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Catherine C Going
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ethan D McSpadden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Yongjian Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Anna C Susa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Anna Elleman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Yumeng Melody Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Nishant Pappireddi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Pawel Burkhardt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Christine L Gee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Tiago Barros
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | | | - Evan R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - John Kuriyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
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Gutierrez-Merino C, Marques-da-Silva D, Fortalezas S, K. Samhan-Arias A. The critical role of lipid rafts nanodomains in the cross-talk between calcium and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cerebellar granule neurons apoptosis by extracellular potassium deprivation. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Erickson JR, Nichols CB, Uchinoumi H, Stein ML, Bossuyt J, Bers DM. S-Nitrosylation Induces Both Autonomous Activation and Inhibition of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II δ. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25646-56. [PMID: 26316536 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
NO is known to modulate calcium handling and cellular signaling in the myocardium, but key targets for NO in the heart remain unidentified. Recent reports have implied that NO can activate calcium/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in neurons and the heart. Here we use our novel sensor of CaMKII activation, Camui, to monitor changes in the conformation and activation of cardiac CaMKII (CaMKIIδ) activity after treatment with the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). We demonstrate that exposure to NO after Ca(2+)/CaM binding to CaMKIIδ results in autonomous kinase activation, which is abolished by mutation of the Cys-290 site. However, exposure of CaMKIIδ to GSNO prior to Ca(2+)/CaM exposure strongly suppresses kinase activation and conformational change by Ca(2+)/CaM. This NO-induced inhibition was ablated by mutation of the Cys-273 site. We found parallel effects of GSNO on CaM/CaMKIIδ binding and CaMKIIδ-dependent ryanodine receptor activation in adult cardiac myocytes. We conclude that NO can play a dual role in regulating cardiac CaMKIIδ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Erickson
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand and
| | - C Blake Nichols
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Matthew L Stein
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Donald M Bers
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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