1
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Rice MA, Kumar V, Tailor D, Garcia-Marques FJ, Hsu EC, Liu S, Bermudez A, Kanchustambham V, Shankar V, Inde Z, Alabi BR, Muruganantham A, Shen M, Pandrala M, Nolley R, Aslan M, Ghoochani A, Agarwal A, Buckup M, Kumar M, Going CC, Peehl DM, Dixon SJ, Zare RN, Brooks JD, Pitteri SJ, Malhotra SV, Stoyanova T. SU086, an inhibitor of HSP90, impairs glycolysis and represents a treatment strategy for advanced prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100502. [PMID: 35243415 PMCID: PMC8861828 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among men, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, with advanced disease remaining a major clinical challenge. We describe a small molecule, SU086, as a therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer. We demonstrate that SU086 inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro, cell-line and patient-derived xenografts in vivo, and ex vivo prostate cancer patient specimens. Furthermore, SU086 in combination with standard of care second-generation anti-androgen therapies displays increased impairment of prostate cancer cell and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Cellular thermal shift assay reveals that SU086 binds to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and leads to a decrease in HSP90 levels. Proteomic profiling demonstrates that SU086 binds to and decreases HSP90. Metabolomic profiling reveals that SU086 leads to perturbation of glycolysis. Our study identifies SU086 as a treatment for advanced prostate cancer as a single agent or when combined with second-generation anti-androgens. SU086 inhibits prostate cancer growth in preclinical models of prostate cancer SU086 targets heat shock protein 90 SU086 alters prostate cancer glycolysis and decreases intratumoral metabolism SU086 in combination with anti-androgens halts prostate cancer growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Rice
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fernando Jose Garcia-Marques
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - En-Chi Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Vishnu Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zintis Inde
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Busola Ruth Alabi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arvind Muruganantham
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Shen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rosalie Nolley
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Merve Aslan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ali Ghoochani
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arushi Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Buckup
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine C Going
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donna M Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James D Brooks
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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2
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Tailor D, Resendez A, Garcia-Marques FJ, Pandrala M, Going CC, Bermudez A, Kumar V, Rafat M, Nambiar DK, Honkala A, Le QT, Sledge GW, Graves E, Pitteri SJ, Malhotra SV. Y box binding protein 1 inhibition as a targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1206-1220.e6. [PMID: 33713600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Y box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein associated with tumor progression and the emergence of treatment resistance (TR). Here, we report an azopodophyllotoxin small molecule, SU056, that potently inhibits tumor growth and progression via YB-1 inhibition. This YB-1 inhibitor inhibits cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis in ovarian cancer (OC) cells, and arrests in the G1 phase. Inhibitor treatment leads to enrichment of proteins associated with apoptosis and RNA degradation pathways while downregulating spliceosome pathway. In vivo, SU056 independently restrains OC progression and exerts a synergistic effect with paclitaxel to further reduce disease progression with no observable liver toxicity. Moreover, in vitro mechanistic studies showed delayed disease progression via inhibition of drug efflux and multidrug resistance 1, and significantly lower neurotoxicity as compared with etoposide. These data suggest that YB-1 inhibition may be an effective strategy to reduce OC progression, antagonize TR, and decrease patient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Angel Resendez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Jose Garcia-Marques
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Catherine C Going
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Dhanya K Nambiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Alexander Honkala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - George W Sledge
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Edward Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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3
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Tailor D, Going CC, Resendez A, Kumar V, Nambiar DK, Li Y, Dheeraj A, LaGory EL, Ghoochani A, Birk AM, Stoyanova T, Ye J, Giaccia AJ, Le QT, Singh RP, Sledge GW, Pitteri SJ, Malhotra SV. Novel Aza-podophyllotoxin derivative induces oxidative phosphorylation and cell death via AMPK activation in triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:604-615. [PMID: 33139797 PMCID: PMC7851402 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To circumvent Warburg effect, several clinical trials for different cancers are utilising a combinatorial approach using metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapeutic agents including metformin. The majority of these metabolic interventions work via indirectly activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to alter cellular metabolism in favour of oxidative phosphorylation over aerobic glycolysis. The effect of these drugs is dependent on glycaemic and insulin conditions. Therefore, development of small molecules, which can activate AMPK, irrespective of the energy state, may be a better approach for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. METHODS Therapeutic effect of SU212 on TNBC cells was examined using in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS We developed and characterised the efficacy of novel AMPK activator (SU212) that selectively induces oxidative phosphorylation and decreases glycolysis in TNBC cells, while not affecting these pathways in normal cells. SU212 accomplished this metabolic reprogramming by activating AMPK independent of energy stress and irrespective of the glycaemic/insulin state. This leads to mitotic phase arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells. In vivo, SU212 inhibits tumour growth, cancer progression and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS SU212 directly activates AMPK in TNBC cells, but does not hamper glucose metabolism in normal cells. Our study provides compelling preclinical data for further development of SU212 for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Catherine C Going
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Angel Resendez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Dhanya K Nambiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Arpit Dheeraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Edward Lewis LaGory
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ali Ghoochani
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alisha M Birk
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - George W Sledge
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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4
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Going CC, Tailor D, Kumar V, Birk AM, Pandrala M, Rice MA, Stoyanova T, Malhotra S, Pitteri SJ. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Reveals Key Pathways in the Anticancer Action of Methoxychalcone Derivatives in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3574-3585. [PMID: 30200768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is an aggressive, heterogeneous disease with high recurrence and metastasis rates even with modern chemotherapy regimens and thus is in need of new therapeutics. Here, three novel synthetic analogues of chalcones, plant-based molecules that have demonstrated potency against a wide variety of cancers, were investigated as potential therapeutics for triple negative breast cancer. These compounds exhibit IC50 values of ∼5 μM in triple negative breast cancer cell lines and are more potent against triple negative breast cancer cell lines than against nontumor breast cell lines according to viability experiments. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics followed by gene set enrichment analysis and validation experiments using flow cytometry, apoptosis, and Western blot assays revealed three different anticancer mechanisms for these compounds. First, the chalcone analogues induce the unfolded protein response followed by apoptosis. Second, increases in the abundances of MHC-I pathway proteins occurs, which would likely result in immune stimulation in an organism. And third, treatment with the chalcone analogues causes disruption of the cell cycle by interfering with microtubule structure and by inducing G1 phase arrest. These data demonstrate the potential of these novel chalcone derivatives as treatments for triple negative breast cancer, though further work evaluating their efficacy in vivo is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Going
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Alisha M Birk
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Meghan A Rice
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Stanford Cancer Institute , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sanjay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Stanford Cancer Institute , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Stanford Cancer Institute , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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5
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Cassidy-Amstutz C, Oltrogge L, Going CC, Lee A, Teng P, Quintanilla D, East-Seletsky A, Williams ER, Savage DF. Identification of a Minimal Peptide Tag for in Vivo and in Vitro Loading of Encapsulin. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3461-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Cassidy-Amstutz
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Luke Oltrogge
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Catherine C. Going
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Antony Lee
- Department
of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Poh Teng
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Quintanilla
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexandra East-Seletsky
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan R. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David F. Savage
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Biosciences Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Going CC, Xia Z, Williams ER. Real-time HD Exchange Kinetics of Proteins from Buffered Aqueous Solution with Electrothermal Supercharging and Top-Down Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:1019-1027. [PMID: 26919868 PMCID: PMC4865425 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrothermal supercharging (ETS) with electrospray ionization produces highly charged protein ions from buffered aqueous solutions in which proteins have native folded structures. ETS increases the charge of ribonuclease A by 34%, whereas only a 6% increase in charge occurs for a reduced-alkylated form of this protein, which is unfolded and its structure is ~66% random coil in this solution. These results indicate that protein denaturation that occurs in the ESI droplets is the primary mechanism for ETS. ETS does not affect the extent of solution-phase hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) that occurs for four proteins that have significantly different structures in solution, consistent with a droplet lifetime that is considerably shorter than observable rates of HDX. Rate constants for HDX of ubiquitin are obtained with a spatial resolution of ~1.3 residues with ETS and electron transfer dissociation of the 10+ charge-state using a single capillary containing a few μL of protein solution in which HDX continuously occurs. HDX protection at individual residues with ETS HDX is similar to that with reagent supercharging HDX and with solution-phase NMR, indicating that the high spray potentials required to induce ETS do not lead to HD scrambling. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Going
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Zijie Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Evan R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.
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7
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Abstract
The effectiveness of two new supercharging reagents for producing highly charged ions by electrospray ionization (ESI) from aqueous solutions in which proteins have native structures and reactivities were investigated. In aqueous solution, 2-thiophenone and 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (HD) at a concentration of 2% by volume can increase the average charge of cytochrome c and myoglobin by up to 163%, resulting in even higher charge states than those that are produced from water/methanol/acid solutions in which these proteins are denatured. The greatest extent of supercharging occurs in pure water, but these supercharging reagents are also highly effective in aqueous solutions containing 200 mM ammonium acetate buffer commonly used in native mass spectrometry (MS). These reagents are less effective supercharging reagents than m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) and propylene carbonate (PC) when ions are formed from water/methanol/acid. The extent to which loss of the heme group from myoglobin occurs is related to the extent of supercharging. Results from guanidine melts of cytochrome c monitored with tryptophan fluorescence show that the supercharging reagents PC, sulfolane and HD are effective chemical denaturants in solution. These results provide additional evidence for the role of protein structural changes in the electrospray droplet as the primary mechanism for supercharging with these reagents in native MS. These results also demonstrate that for at least some proteins, the formation of highly charged ions from native MS is no longer a significant barrier for obtaining structural information using conventional tandem MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Going
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA.
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8
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Bhattacharyya M, Stratton MM, Going CC, McSpadden ED, Huang Y, Susa AC, Elleman A, Cao YM, Pappireddi N, Burkhardt P, Gee CL, Barros T, Schulman H, Williams ER, Kuriyan J. Molecular mechanism of activation-triggered subunit exchange in Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26949248 PMCID: PMC4859805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation triggers the exchange of subunits in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an oligomeric enzyme that is critical for learning, memory, and cardiac function. The mechanism by which subunit exchange occurs remains elusive. We show that the human CaMKII holoenzyme exists in dodecameric and tetradecameric forms, and that the calmodulin (CaM)-binding element of CaMKII can bind to the hub of the holoenzyme and destabilize it to release dimers. The structures of CaMKII from two distantly diverged organisms suggest that the CaM-binding element of activated CaMKII acts as a wedge by docking at intersubunit interfaces in the hub. This converts the hub into a spiral form that can release or gain CaMKII dimers. Our data reveal a three-way competition for the CaM-binding element, whereby phosphorylation biases it towards the hub interface, away from the kinase domain and calmodulin, thus unlocking the ability of activated CaMKII holoenzymes to exchange dimers with unactivated ones. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13405.001 How does memory outlast the lifetime of the molecules that encode it? One enzyme that is found in neurons and has been suggested to help long-term memories to form is called CaMKII. Each CaMKII assembly is typically composed of 12 to 14 protein subunits associated in a ring and can exist in either an “unactivated” or “activated” state. In 2014, researchers showed that CaMKII assemblies can exchange subunits with each other. Importantly, an active CaMKII can mix with an unactivated CaMKII and share its activation state. CaMKII may use this mechanism to spread information to the next generation of proteins – thereby allowing activation to outlast the lifespan of the initially activated proteins. However the molecular mechanism that underlies this process was not clear. Now, Bhattacharyya et al. – including some of the researchers involved in the 2014 work – address two questions about this mechanism. How do subunits exchange between CaMKII assemblies? And how does the activation of CaMKII initiate subunit exchange? A closed-ring hub ties the subunits of CaMKII together, similar to the organization of the segments in an orange. To undergo subunit exchange, the hub must open up to release and accept subunits. Bhattacharyya et al. have now uncovered an intrinsic flexibility in the hub that is triggered by a short peptide segment in CaMKII. This segment, which is exposed in activated CaMKII but not in the unactivated form, can crack open the hub ring by binding between the hub subunits, like a finger separating the segments of an orange. This allows the hub to flex and expand, and once open, the hub’s flexibility allows room for subunits to be released or accepted. Although this subunit exchange mechanism could be a powerful means for spreading the activated state throughout signaling pathways, the biological relevance of this phenomenon has not been clarified. However, the mechanistic framework provided by Bhattacharyya et al. may allow new experiments to be performed that test the consequences of subunit exchange in live cells and organisms. It could also enable investigations into the importance of subunit exchange in long-term memory. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13405.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitrayee Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Catherine C Going
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ethan D McSpadden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Yongjian Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Anna C Susa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Anna Elleman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Yumeng Melody Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Nishant Pappireddi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Pawel Burkhardt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Christine L Gee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Tiago Barros
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | | | - Evan R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - John Kuriyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
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9
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Going CC, Williams ER. Supercharging with m-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol and Propylene Carbonate: Forming Highly Charged Ions with Extended, Near-Linear Conformations. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3973-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Going
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Evan R. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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