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Li X, Luo W, Yang X, Liu T, Tang G, Guo M, Wang M, Zheng X. Operation parameters and temperature affected sludge microbial metabolisms: An integrated perspective considering extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, biomass quantities, and community shifts. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110496. [PMID: 39178646 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Effluent soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are significant organics that pose challenges to advanced treatment processes. However, their production, transformation, and decomposition remain unclear due to their heterogeneity and the combined effects of environmental and operational factors. In this work, we investigated the impact of solids retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT), and temperature on the changes in effluent SMP, with the consideration of the co-variation of EPS, sludge biomass, and community structures. Results show that longer SRT increased the biomass and relative abundance of functional microorganisms such as Myxococcota, Actinobacteria, and Terrimonas, which hindered EPS-to-SMP turnover and/or facilitated SMP consumption. This resulted in the accumulation of EPS and lower SMP concentrations at the beginning of the SRT adjustment. Both longer and shorter HRT (12 h and 8 h) led to increased SMP concentration, with the shorter HRT nearly doubling it (from approximately 6 to 12 mg/L), especially in terms of its protein and polysaccharide contents. Lower temperatures increased the SMP concentration and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (including Zoogloea, the most dominant phylum and genus, relative abundance from 15.7 % to 61.1 %) while decreasing fluorescent EPS components, indicating the key role of Proteobacteria in SMP production and fluorescent EPS-to-SMP transformation. The results provided key insights into how changes in operational/environmental parameters impact sludge-EPS-SMP interactions, which could benefit the model development and operational optimization of activated sludge systems. This study also highlighted the important role of the sludge community in the EPS/SMP dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Weiqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Gang Tang
- Melbourne Climate Futures Academy, Climate & Energy College, School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mengjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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Spill C, Ditzel L, Gassmann M. Small villages and their sanitary infrastructure-an unnoticed influence on water quantity and a threat to water quality in headwater catchments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1482. [PMID: 37971672 PMCID: PMC10654200 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In rural catchments, villages often feature their own, separate urban water infrastructure, including combined sewer overflows (CSOs) or wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These point sources affect the water quantity and quality of the receiving low order streams. However, the extent of this impact is rarely monitored. We installed discharge and water quality measurements at the outlet of two small, neighbouring headwater catchments, one that includes a village, a WWTP, and two CSOs, while the other is predominantly influenced by agricultural activities. We also deployed electrical conductivity (EC) loggers at the CSOs to accurately detect discharge times. Discharge from the WWTP and CSOs led to higher peak flows and runoff coefficients during events. Less dilution of EC and increasing ammonium-N (NH4 - N) and ortho-phosphorus (oPO4 - P) concentrations indicate a significant contribution of poorly treated wastewater from the WWTP. During CSO events, water volumes and nutrient loads were clearly elevated, although concentrations were diluted, except for nitrite-N (NO2 - N) and particulate phosphorus (PP). Baseflow nitrate-N (NO3 - N) concentrations were diluted by the WWTP effluent, which led to considerably lower concentrations compared to the more agriculturally influenced stream. Concentrations of oPO4 - P, NH4 - N, and NO2 - N, which are most likely to originate from the WWTP, vary throughout the year but are always elevated. Our study shows the major and variable impact rural settlements can have on stream hydrology and water quality. Point sources should be monitored more closely to better understand the interaction of natural catchment responses and effects caused by sanitary infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Spill
- Department of Hydrology and Substance Balance, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Lukas Ditzel
- Department of Hydrology and Substance Balance, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Matthias Gassmann
- Department of Hydrology and Substance Balance, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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Mizukami-Murata S, Takanashi H, Sawai A, Suzuki Y, Tsushima I, Yamashita H, Goto Y, Toda M. Characteristics of compounds with strong or weak nitrification inhibition in sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1437. [PMID: 37940732 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the characteristics of compounds with strong or weak nitrification inhibition in sewage, 64 organic compounds including compounds registered in Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) were evaluated in terms of their chemical structures and molecular weights. Nineteen compounds showed strong nitrification inhibition by testing with Nitrosomonas europaea. Compounds with thioamide structures had the lowest median value of EC50 (0.017 mg/L), followed by those with alkyne structures (0.121 mg/L), chlorophenol structures (0.300 mg/L), and then azole structures (0.365 mg/L). In contrast, 33 of the 64 compounds showed weak nitrification inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg/L, 27 of which were categorized into three main groups: long-chain alcohol structures, alkyne structures with a phenyl group, and aromatic structures. Most compounds with strong nitrification inhibition had a low molecular weight (MW) from 50 to 200. Meanwhile, the proportion of compounds with weak nitrification inhibition tended to be greater with increasing MW and such compounds were predominant at higher molecular weights above 300. The correlations of results derived from tests of nitrification inhibition based on ISO 9509 and N. europaea showed that 24 out of 30 compounds provided results that were highly correlated between these tests (R = 0.85), while 4 compounds with chlorophenol structures and 2 compounds with alkyne structures showed weaker inhibition rates in the ISO 9509 test than in the N. europaea test. Our results indicate that the magnitude of nitrification inhibition depends on MW in addition to the chemical structure, which is helpful in the search for the cause of nitrification inhibition in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Mizukami-Murata
- Water Quality Team, Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8516, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Takanashi
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Program, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Science, and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sawai
- IDEA Consultants, Inc., 3-15-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 154-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, C-214, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsushima
- Water Quality Team, Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8516, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamashita
- Water Quality Team, Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8516, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- IDEA Consultants, Inc., 3-15-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 154-8585, Japan
| | - Misa Toda
- IDEA Consultants, Inc., 3-15-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 154-8585, Japan
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Ikem J, Chen H, Delatolla R. Design strategy and mechanism of nitrite oxidation suppression of elevated loading rate partial nitritation system. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142570. [PMID: 37065113 PMCID: PMC10094160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current need for a low operational intensity, effective and small footprint system to achieve stable partial nitritation for subsequent anammox treatment at mainstream municipal wastewaters. This research identifies a unique design strategy using an elevated total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) surface area loading rate (SALR) of 5 g TAN/m2.d to achieve cost-effective, stable, and elevated rates of partial nitritation in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system under mainstream conditions. The elevated loaded partial nitritation MBBR system achieves a TAN surface area removal rate (SARR) of 2.01 ± 0.07 g TAN/m2.d and NO2−-N: NH4+-N stoichiometric ratio of 1.15:1, which is appropriate for downstream anammox treatment. The elevated TAN SALR design strategy promotes nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity suppression rather than a reduction in NOB population as the reason for the suppression of nitrite oxidation in the mainstream elevated loaded partial nitritation MBBR system. NOB activity is limited at an elevated TAN SALR likely due to thick biofilm embedding the NOB population and competition for dissolved oxygen (DO) with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for TAN oxidation to nitrite within the biofilm structure, which ultimately limits the uptake of DO by NOB in the system. Therefore, this design strategy offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative for mainstream partial nitritation MBBR systems at water resource recovery facilities.
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Johnston J, Du Z, Behrens S. Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Maintain Abundance but Lower amoA-Gene Expression during Cold Temperature Nitrification Failure in a Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0257122. [PMID: 36786623 PMCID: PMC10100873 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02571-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explore the relationship between community structure and transcriptional activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during cold temperature nitrification failure in three parallel full-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) treating municipal wastewater. In the three reactors, ammonia concentrations increased with declines in wastewater temperature below 15°C. We quantified and sequenced 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene fragments in DNA and RNA extracts from activated sludge samples collected from the SBRs during the warmer seasons (summer and fall) and when water temperatures were below 15°C (winter and spring). Taxonomic community composition of amoA genes and transcripts did not vary much between the warmer and colder seasons. However, we observed significant differences in amoA transcript copy numbers between fall (highest) and spring (lowest). Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Nitrosomonas sp. could maintain their population abundance despite lowering their amoA gene expression during winter and spring. In spite of relatively low population abundance, an amoA amplicon sequence variant (ASV) cluster identified as most similar to the amoA gene of Nitrosospira briensis showed the highest amoA transcript-to-gene ratio throughout all four seasons, indicating that some nitrifiers remain active at wastewater temperatures below 15°C. Our results show that 16S rRNA and amoA gene copy numbers are limited predictors of cell activity. To optimize function and performance of mixed community bioprocesses, we need to collect high-resolution quantitative transcriptomic and potentially proteomic data to resolve the response of individual species to changes in environmental parameters in engineered systems. IMPORTANCE The diverse microbial community of activated sludge used in biological treatment systems exhibits dynamic seasonal shifts in community composition and activity. Many wastewater treatment plants in temperate/continental climates experience seasonal cold temperature nitrification failure. "Seasonal nitrification failure" is the discharge of elevated concentrations of ammonia (greater than 4 mg/liter) with treated wastewater during the winter (influent wastewater temperatures below 13°C). This study aims at expanding our understanding of how ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge change in activity and growth across seasons. We quantified the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene and transcript copy numbers using real-time PCR and sequenced the amoA amplicons to reveal community structure and activity changes of nitrifying microbial populations during seasonal nitrification failure in three full-scale sequencing batch reactors (SRBs) treating municipal wastewater. Relevant findings presented in this study contribute to explain seasonal nitrification performance variability in SRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Johnston
- University of Minnesota, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Zhe Du
- University of Minnesota, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Behrens
- University of Minnesota, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota, BioTechnology Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Wei X, Huang Z, Jiang L, Li Y, Zhang X, Leng Y, Jiang C. Charting the landscape of the environmental exposome. IMETA 2022; 1:e50. [PMID: 38867899 PMCID: PMC10989948 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The exposome depicts the total exposures in the lifetime of an organism. Human exposome comprises exposures from environmental and humanistic sources. Biological, chemical, and physical environmental exposures pose potential health threats, especially to susceptible populations. Although still in its nascent stage, we are beginning to recognize the vast and dynamic nature of the exposome. In this review, we systematically summarize the biological and chemical environmental exposomes in three broad environmental matrices-air, soil, and water; each contains several distinct subcategories, along with a brief introduction to the physical exposome. Disease-related environmental exposures are highlighted, and humans are also a major source of disease-related biological exposures. We further discuss the interactions between biological, chemical, and physical exposomes. Finally, we propose a list of outstanding challenges under the exposome research framework that need to be addressed to move the field forward. Taken together, we present a detailed landscape of environmental exposome to prime researchers to join this exciting new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zinuo Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Liuyiqi Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yueer Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuxin Leng
- Department of Intensive Care UnitPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chao Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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7
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Xu H, Deng Y, Zou J, Zhang K, Li X, Yang Y, Huang S, Liu ZQ, Wang Z, Hu C. Nitrification performance and bacterial community dynamics in a membrane bioreactor with elevated ammonia concentration: The combined inhibition effect of salinity, free ammonia and free nitrous acid on nitrification at high ammonia loading rates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154972. [PMID: 35367558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The responses of the operational performance and bacterial community structure of a nitrification membrane bioreactor (MBR) to elevated ammonia loading rate (ALR) were investigated. Effective nitrification performance was achieved at high ALR up to 3.43 kg NH4+-N/m3·d, corresponding to influent NH4+-N concentration of 2000 mg/L. Further increasing influent NH4+-N concentration to 3000 mg/L, the MBR system finally became completely inefficient due to the combined inhibition effect of salinity, free ammonia and free nitrous acid on nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas were enriched with the increase of ALR. The relative abundance of Nitrosomonas in the sludge with ALR of 2.57 kg NH4+-N/m3·d was up to 14.82%, which were 9-fold and 53-fold higher than that in seed sludge and the sludge with ALR of 0.10 kg NH4+-N/m3·d, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of AOB amoA genes showed that Nitrosomonas europaea/mobilis lineage are chiefly responsible for catalyzing ammonia oxidation at high ALRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaihao Xu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuepeng Deng
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaoming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunhua Yang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuangqiu Huang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhao-Qing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Gao X, Xu Z, Peng Y, Zhang L, Ding J. The nitrification recovery capacity is the key to enhancing nitrogen removal in the AOA system at low temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151674. [PMID: 34785216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) is suitable for advanced nitrogen removal of low C/N wastewater as an energy-saving process. Investigations of the temperature impact on the AOA process are critical to its application in cold regions or seasons. In this study, the nitrogen removal performance in AOA at low and room temperatures was investigated. The nitrification capacity of the AOA process was recovered at low temperature and the endogenous denitrification performance was enhanced by converting the partial aerobic zone into anoxic. At 15 °C, treating real municipal sewage with a low C/N ratio (3.36), TIN and NH4+-N removal efficiencies of 84.3 ± 6.6% and 97.4 ± 3.3% respectively, were achieved. The oxygen uptake rate test, quantitative PCR, and high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the activity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased at low temperature, which was the key for nitrification capacity recovery. Overall, the recoverability of nitrification capacity in the AOA system made advanced nitrogen removal possible at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Zaizhou Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jing Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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9
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Do initial concentration and activated sludge seasonality affect pharmaceutical biotransformation rate constants? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6515-6527. [PMID: 34423412 PMCID: PMC8403117 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals find their way to the aquatic environment via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Biotransformation plays an important role in mitigating environmental risks; however, a mechanistic understanding of involved processes is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential relationships between first-order biotransformation rate constants (kb) of nine pharmaceuticals and initial concentration of the selected compounds, and sampling season of the used activated sludge inocula. Four-day bottle experiments were performed with activated sludge from WWTP Groesbeek (The Netherlands) of two different seasons, summer and winter, spiked with two environmentally relevant concentrations (3 and 30 nM) of pharmaceuticals. Concentrations of the compounds were measured by LC-MS/MS, microbial community composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and kb values were calculated. The biodegradable pharmaceuticals were acetaminophen, metformin, metoprolol, terbutaline, and phenazone (ranked from high to low biotransformation rates). Carbamazepine, diatrizoic acid, diclofenac, and fluoxetine were not converted. Summer and winter inocula did not show significant differences in microbial community composition, but resulted in a slightly different kb for some pharmaceuticals. Likely microbial activity was responsible instead of community composition. In the same inoculum, different kb values were measured, depending on initial concentration. In general, biodegradable compounds had a higher kb when the initial concentration was higher. This demonstrates that Michealis-Menten kinetic theory has shortcomings for some pharmaceuticals at low, environmentally relevant concentrations and that the pharmaceutical concentration should be taken into account when measuring the kb in order to reliably predict the fate of pharmaceuticals in the WWTP. KEY POINTS: • Biotransformation and sorption of pharmaceuticals were assessed in activated sludge. • Higher initial concentrations resulted in higher biotransformation rate constants for biodegradable pharmaceuticals. • Summer and winter inocula produced slightly different biotransformation rate constants although microbial community composition did not significantly change.
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10
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Kennedy N, Lally RD, Walsh SW, Dowling DN, Ryan D. Effect of green waste and lime amendments on biostabilisation, physical-chemical and microbial properties of the composted fine fraction of residual municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:1069-1077. [PMID: 33666127 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x21996823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of guidelines to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) sent to landfill has created a need in the waste-management industry to investigate possible methods of accelerating biostabilisation of residual BMW. The effect of commercially feasible manipulations (lime and green waste (GW)) on the rate of biostabilisation of the fine (<20 mm) fraction of residual BMW was investigated. The physical and chemical attributes of the composted wastes were measured, and their bacterial communities profiled using traditional culture-based methods. In addition, ammonia-oxidising microbes were monitored during the biostabilisation process using molecular profiling methods. Addition of GW accelerated biostabilisation, reduced conductivity and increased the levels of ammonia-oxidising bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) genes. The best stability was noted in the dual (Lime + GW) treatment, which was under the limit of 13 mmol O2 kg DM-1 h-1 recommended by the Irish compost standard. Biostabilised wastes met recommendations for source-segregated compost for pH (6-8) and pathogens (E. coli and Salmonella), but not heavy metals, indicating their unsuitability for uses other than landfill cover. Levels of AOA genes (log 3-6 g-1 DM) were higher than AOB (log 1-6 g-1 DM, indicating AOA may contribute more to potential ammonia oxidation in residual BMW composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabla Kennedy
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland
| | - Richard D Lally
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland
- Alltech Bioscience, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Siobhán W Walsh
- Department of Science, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - David N Dowling
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland
| | - David Ryan
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland
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Boonnorat J, Kanyatrakul A, Prakhongsak A, Ketbubpha K, Phattarapattamawong S, Treesubsuntorn C, Panichnumsin P. Biotoxicity of landfill leachate effluent treated by two-stage acclimatized sludge AS system and antioxidant enzyme activity in Cyprinus carpio. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128332. [PMID: 33297261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research comparatively investigates the biotoxicity of landfill leachate effluent from acclimatized and non-acclimatized sludge two-stage activated sludge (AS) systems. Both AS systems were operated with two leachate influent concentrations: moderate (condition 1) and elevated (condition 2). The biotoxicity of AS effluent of variable concentrations (10, 20, and 30% (v/v)) was assessed by the mortality rates of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. The treatment efficiency of the acclimatized sludge AS system for organic and inorganic compounds and nutrients (BOD, COD, TKN, NH4+, PO43-) were 75-96% under condition 1 and 79-93% under condition 2. The non-acclimatized sludge AS system achieved the treatment efficiency of 70-91% under condition 1 and 66-90% under condition 2. The acclimatized sludge AS system also achieved higher biodegradation of trace organic compounds, especially under condition 1. The effluent from acclimatized sludge AS system was less toxic to the common carp, as evidenced by lower mortality rates and higher GST activity. The findings revealed that the acclimatized sludge two-stage AS system could be deployed to effectively treat landfill leachate with moderate concentrations of compounds and trace organic contaminants. The acclimatized sludge AS is an efficient wastewater treatment solution for developing countries with limited technological and financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
| | - Alongkorn Kanyatrakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Apichai Prakhongsak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Ketbubpha
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Songkeart Phattarapattamawong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Panichnumsin
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (EcoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Deep amoA amplicon sequencing reveals community partitioning within ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the environmentally dynamic estuary of the River Elbe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17165. [PMID: 33051504 PMCID: PMC7555866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The community composition of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (ß-AOB) in the River Elbe Estuary was investigated by high throughput sequencing of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene (amoA) amplicons. In the course of the seasons surface sediment samples from seven sites along the longitudinal profile of the upper Estuary of the Elbe were investigated. We observed striking shifts of the ß-AOB community composition according to space and time. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha-lineage and the genus Nitrosospira were found to be the dominant ß-AOB within the river transect, investigated. However, continuous shifts of balance between members of both lineages along the longitudinal profile were determined. A noticeable feature was a substantial increase of proportion of Nitrosospira-like sequences in autumn and of sequences affiliated with the Nitrosomonas marina-lineage at downstream sites in spring and summer. Slightly raised relative abundances of sequences affiliated with the Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosomonas mobilis-lineage and the Nitrosomonas communis-lineage were found at sampling sites located in the port of Hamburg. Comparisons between environmental parameters and AOB-lineage (ecotype) composition revealed promising clues that processes happening in the fluvial to marine transition zone of the Elbe estuary are reflected by shifts in the relative proportion of ammonia monooxygenase sequence abundance, and hence, we propose ß-AOB as appropriate indicators for environmental dynamics and the ecological condition of the Elbe Estuary.
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Tsuchiya Y, Nakagawa T, Takahashi R. Quantification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Ammonia Oxidizers on Biofilm Carriers in a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant. Microbes Environ 2020; 35. [PMID: 32249239 PMCID: PMC7308565 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm carriers have been used to remove ammonia in several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan. However, the abundance and species of ammonia oxidizers in the biofilms formed on the surface of carriers in full-scale operational WWTP tanks remain unclear. In the present study, we conducted quantitative PCR and PCR cloning of the amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea (AOB and AOA) and a complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) in the biofilm formed on the carriers in a full-scale WWTP. The quantification of amoA genes showed that the abundance of AOB and comammox was markedly greater in the biofilm than in the activated sludge suspended in a tank solution of the WWTP, while AOA was not detected in the biofilm or the activated sludge. A phylogenetic analysis of amoA genes revealed that as-yet-uncultivated comammox Nitrospira and uncultured AOB Nitrosomonas were predominant in the biofilm. The present results suggest that the biofilm formed on the surface of carriers enable comammox Nitrospira and AOB Nitrosomonas to co-exist and remain in the full-scale WWTP tank surveyed in this study.
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Molecular Biomarkers and Influential Factors of Denitrification in a Full-Scale Biological Nitrogen Removal Plant. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010011. [PMID: 31861619 PMCID: PMC7022890 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three denitrifying bacteria, Paracoccus spp., Thauera spp., Pseudomonas-like spp., and two functional genes, nitrate reductase (narG and napA), were studied as potential biomarkers for total nitrogen removal. These bacterial genera and the functional genes showed significant negative correlations with total nitrogen in the effluent (TNeff). Thauera spp. had the highest correlation (r = −0.793, p < 0.001) with TNeff, and narG-like and napA genes also showed significant correlations (r = −0.663 and −0.643, respectively), suggesting functional genes have equal validity to 16S rRNA genes in monitoring denitrification performance. The most explanatory variables were a combination of constituents, with temperature emerging as the most important in Pearson’s correlation and redundancy analysis. Thauera spp. had the highest correlation with temperature (r = 0.739) followed closely by Paracoccus spp. (r = 0.705). Denitrification was also significantly affected by pH (r = 0.369), solids retention time (r = −0.377), total nitrogenin (r = 0.635), and organic matter in the influent (biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand; r = 0.320 and 0.522, respectively). Our data verified that major denitrifiers’ 16S rRNA genes and nitrate reductase genes were better biomarkers than the biomass concentration, and any of the biomarkers could track denitrification in real time.
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15
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Islam GM, Vi P, Gilbride KA. Functional relationship between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea populations in the secondary treatment system of a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:120-130. [PMID: 31787176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea and their amoA genes from the aerobic activated sludge tanks, recycled sludge and anaerobic digesters of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was determined. Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used to generate diversity profiles, which showed that each population had a consistent profile although the abundance of individual members varied. In the aerobic tanks, the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) population was more than 350 times more abundant than the ammonia-oxidizing archaeal (AOA) population, however in the digesters, the AOA population was more than 10 times more abundant. Measuring the activity of the amoA gene expression of the two populations using RT-PCR also showed that the AOA amoA gene was more active in the digesters than in the activated sludge tanks. Using batch reactors and ddPCR, amoA activity could be measured and it was found that when the AOB amoA activity was inhibited in the anoxic reactors, the expression of the AOA amoA gene increased fourfold. This suggests that these two populations may have a cooperative relationship for the oxidation of ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam M Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Peter Vi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Kimberley Ann Gilbride
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada; Ryerson Urban Water, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
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16
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Berrelleza-Valdez F, Parades-Aguilar J, Peña-Limón CE, Certucha-Barragán MT, Gámez-Meza N, Serrano-Palacios D, Medina-Juárez LA, Calderón K. A novel process of the isolation of nitrifying bacteria and their development in two different natural lab-scale packed-bed bioreactors for trichloroethylene bioremediation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 241:211-218. [PMID: 31004998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a carcinogenic compound that is commonly present in groundwater and has been detected in drinking water sources for Mexican towns in the Mexico-US border area. Nitrifying bacteria, such as Nitrosomonas europaea, have been shown to be capable of degrading halogenated compounds, including TCE, but it is difficult to obtain high cell concentrations of these bacteria. The aim of the present study was to generate biomass of a nitrifying bacterial consortium from the sludge of an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and evaluate its capacity to biodegrade TCE in two different natural lab-scaled packed bed bioreactors. The consortium was isolated by a novel method using a continuous stirred-tank bioreactor inoculated with activated sludge from the Domos WWTP located in Cd. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico. The bioreactor was fed with specific media to cultivate ammonia-oxidizing bacteria at a dilution rate near the maximum specific growth rate reported for Nitrosomonas europaea. Optical density and suspended solids measurements were performed to determine the culture biomass production, and the presence of inorganic nitrogen species was determined by spectrophotometry. The presence of nitrifying ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was confirmed by PCR amplification, and biofilm formation was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Batch-scale experiments confirmed the biodegradative activity of the isolated consortium, which was subsequently fixed in an inorganic carrier as zeolite and a synthetic carrier such as polyurethane to both be used as lab-scale packed-bed bioreactors, with up to 58.63% and 62.7% of TCE biodegradation achieved, respectively, demonstrating a possible alternative for TCE bioremediation in environmental and engineering systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Berrelleza-Valdez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Parades-Aguilar
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Carlos E Peña-Limón
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - María Teresa Certucha-Barragán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Nohemí Gámez-Meza
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Denisse Serrano-Palacios
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Antonio Caso S/N. C.P., 85130, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis Angel Medina-Juárez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Kadiya Calderón
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N. CP., 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Nsenga Kumwimba M, Meng F. Roles of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in improving metabolism and cometabolism of trace organic chemicals in biological wastewater treatment processes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:419-441. [PMID: 31096373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While there has been a significant recent improvement in the removal of pollutants in natural and engineered systems, trace organic chemicals (TrOCs) are posing a major threat to aquatic environments and human health. There is a critical need for developing potential strategies that aim at enhancing metabolism and/or cometabolism of these compounds. Recently, knowledge regarding biodegradation of TrOCs by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) has been widely developed. This review aims to delineate an up-to-date version of the ecophysiology of AOB and outline current knowledge related to biodegradation efficiencies of the frequently reported TrOCs by AOB. The paper also provides an insight into biodegradation pathways by AOB and transformation products of these compounds and makes recommendations for future research of AOB. In brief, nitrifying WWTFs (wastewater treatment facilities) were superior in degrading most TrOCs than non-nitrifying WWTFs due to cometabolic biodegradation by the AOB. To fully understand and/or enhance the cometabolic biodegradation of TrOCs by AOB, recent molecular research has focused on numerous crucial factors including availability of the compounds to AOB, presence of growth substrate (NH4-N), redox potentials, microorganism diversity (AOB and heterotrophs), physicochemical properties and operational parameters of the WWTFs, molecular structure of target TrOCs and membrane-based technologies, may all significantly impact the cometabolic biodegradation of TrOCs. Still, further exploration is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in biodegradation of TrOCs by AOB and the toxicity levels of formed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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18
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Giao NT, Limpiyakorn T, Thuptimdang P, Ratpukdi T, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S. Reduction of silver nanoparticle toxicity affecting ammonia oxidation using cell entrapment technique. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:1007-1016. [PMID: 31025981 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in wastewater treatment systems could impact the ammonia oxidation (AO). This study investigated the reduction of AgNPs and dissociated silver ion (Ag+) toxicity on nitrifying sludge using cell entrapment technique. Three entrapment materials, including barium alginate (BA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and barium alginate (PVA-BA), were applied. The BA beads provided the highest reduction of silver toxicity (up to 90%) and durability. Live/dead assays showed fatality of entrapped cells after exposure to AgNPs and Ag+. The maximum AO rate of the BA-entrapped cells was 5.6 mg-N/g-MLSS/h. The AO kinetics under the presence of silver followed an uncompetitive inhibition kinetic model. The experiments with AgNPs and Ag+ gave the apparent maximum AO rates of 4.2 and 4.8 mg-N/g-MLSS/h, respectively. The apparent half-saturation constants of the BA-entrapped cells under the presence of silver were 10.5 to 13.4 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopic observation coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated no silver inside the beads. This elucidates that the silver toxicity can be reduced by preventing silver penetration through the porous material, leading to less microbial cell damage. This study revealed the potential of the entrapment technology for mitigating the effect of silver species on nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Giao
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand and Department of Environmental Management, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 90000, Viet Nam; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ;
| | - Tawan Limpiyakorn
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ; ; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Unit Control of Emerging Micropollutants in Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand and Research Network of Chulalongkorn University and National Nanotechnology Center (RNN), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pumis Thuptimdang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), University of Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai 56000, Thailand
| | - Thunyalux Ratpukdi
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ; ; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ; ; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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19
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Boonnorat J, Techkarnjanaruk S, Honda R, Ghimire A, Angthong S, Rojviroon T, Phanwilai S. Enhanced micropollutant biodegradation and assessment of nitrous oxide concentration reduction in wastewater treated by acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:771-779. [PMID: 29758432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the micropollutant biodegradation and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration reduction in high strength wastewater treated by two-stage activated sludge (AS) systems with (bioaugmented) and without (non-bioaugmented) acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation. The bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented systems were operated in parallel for 228 days, with three levels of concentrations of organics, nitrogen, and micropollutants in the influent: conditions 1 (low), 2 (moderate), and 3 (high). The results showed that, under condition 1, both systems efficiently removed the organic and nitrogen compounds. However, the bioaugmented system was more effective in the micropollutant biodegradation and N2O concentration reduction than the non-bioaugmented one. Under condition 2, the nitrogen and micropollutant biodegradation efficiency of the non-bioaugmented system slightly decreased, while the N2O concentration declined in the bioaugmented system. Under condition 3, the treatment performance and N2O concentration abatement were substantially lowered as the compounds concentration increased. Further analysis also showed that the acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation increased the bacterial diversity in the system. In essence, the acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation strategy was highly effective for the influent with low compounds concentration, achieving the organics and nitrogen removal efficiencies of 92-97%, relative to 71-97% of the non-bioaugmented system. The micropollutant treatment efficiency of the bioaugmented system under condition 1 was 75-92%, indicating significant improvement in the treatment performance (p < 0.05), compared with 60-79% of the non-bioaugmented system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
| | - Somkiet Techkarnjanaruk
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ryo Honda
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Anish Ghimire
- Center for Postgraduate Studies, Nepal Engineering College, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sivakorn Angthong
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Thammasak Rojviroon
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Phanwilai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Zhang X, Zheng S, Zhang H, Duan S. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification-anoxic denitrification dominated the anoxic/oxic sewage treatment process during optimization for higher loading rate and energy savings. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:84-93. [PMID: 29730522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study clarified the dominant nitrogen (N)-transformation pathway and the key ammonia-oxidizing microbial species at three loading levels during optimization of the anoxic/oxic (A/O) process for sewage treatment. Comprehensive N-transformation activity analysis showed that ammonia oxidization was performed predominantly by aerobic chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic ammonia oxidization, whereas N2 production was performed primarily by anoxic denitrification in the anoxic unit. The abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and anaerobic AOB in activated sludge reflected their activities on the basis of high-throughput sequencing data. AOB amoA gene clone libraries revealed that the predominant AOB species in sludge samples shifted from Nitrosomonas europaea (61% at the normal loading level) to Nitrosomonas oligotropha (58% and 81% at the two higher loading levels). Following isolation and sequencing, the predominant culturable heterotrophic AOB in sludge shifted from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (42% at the normal loading level) to Acinetobacter johnsonii (52% at the highest loading level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Zhang
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shoupeng Duan
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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21
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Diversity and assembly patterns of activated sludge microbial communities: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1038-1047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Boonnorat J, Techkarnjanaruk S, Honda R, Angthong S, Boonapatcharoen N, Muenmee S, Prachanurak P. Use of aged sludge bioaugmentation in two-stage activated sludge system to enhance the biodegradation of toxic organic compounds in high strength wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:208-217. [PMID: 29571141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the toxic organic compounds biodegradation efficiency of two-stage activated sludge systems with (bioaugmented) and without aged sludge bioaugmentation (non-bioaugmented). The influent was a mixture of leachate and agriculture wastewater (1:1, v/v), used as the representative high strength wastewater. The bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented systems were operated in parallel, with three levels (low, moderate, and high) of concentrations of organics, nitrogen, and toxic organic compounds in the influent (conditions 1, 2, and 3). The results showed that both systems could efficiently degrade the organic compounds. Nevertheless, the toxic organic compounds biodegradation efficiency of the bioaugmented system was higher than that of the non-bioaugmented one. The bioaugmentation enhanced the overall removal efficiency under conditions 1 and 2. However, the bioaugmented system became less effective under condition 3. Further analysis indicated that the bacterial groups essential to the toxic organic compounds biodegradation were abundant in the aged sludge, including heterotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria. The abundance of the effective bacteria improved the biodegradation and wastewater treatment performance of the bioaugmented system. In essence, the aged sludge bioaugmentation is a viable and eco-friendly solution to improving the treatment efficiency of the biological activated sludge system, despite limited biodegradation efficiency in an elevated compounds-concentration environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand; Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
| | - Somkiet Techkarnjanaruk
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ryo Honda
- Faculty of Environmental Design, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Sivakorn Angthong
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Sutharat Muenmee
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment (SciEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Rayong 21120, Thailand
| | - Pradthana Prachanurak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
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Pan KL, Gao JF, Li HY, Fan XY, Li DC, Jiang H. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria dominate ammonia oxidation in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant revealed by DNA-based stable isotope probing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:152-159. [PMID: 29438915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with three separate treatment processes was selected to investigate the effects of seasonality and treatment process on the community structures of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). And then DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was applied to explore the active ammonia oxidizers. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that treatment processes varied AOB communities rather than AOA communities. AOA slightly outnumbered AOB in most of the samples, whose abundance was significantly correlated with temperature. DNA-SIP results showed that the majority of AOB amoA gene was labeled by 13C-substrate, while just a small amount of AOA amoA gene was labeled. As revealed by high-throughput sequencing of heavy DNA, Nitrosomonadaceae-like AOB, Nitrosomonas sp. NP1, Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrosomonas marina were the active AOB, and Nitrososphaera viennensis dominated the active AOA. The results indicated that AOB, not AOA, dominated active ammonia oxidation in the test WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ling Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing-Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ding-Chang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Research Department of Microbiology, Allwegene Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 102209, China
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Jo JH, Kim W, Lim J. Ammonia-oxidizers' diversity in wastewater treatment processes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:887-894. [PMID: 28394197 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1316317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) within the beta-subclass of Proteobacteria was investigated by genus- and family-specific real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays on samples drawn from wastewater treatment systems. The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers ranged from 7.0 × 103 to 6.8 × 106, 1.1 × 107 to 1.8 × 107, and 2.9 × 105 to 1.5 × 107 copies/mL, respectively. Volumetric ammonium load (VAL) in the wastewater treatment systems calculated using the AOB numbers was in the range of 2.1-12.6 mM/d. Distribution patterns of eutrophic (i.e. Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas nitrosa clusters) and oligotrophic (i.e. Nitrosomonas cryotolerans cluster) AOB groups were correlated with the VAL values. A high possibility of potential false-positive detection by family-specific qPCR assays was established by evaluating theoretical specificity in in silico and experimental investigations. The specificities of genus-specific qPCR assays were confirmed by amoA PCR, followed by cloning and sequencing. VAL must be the factor influencing the inclusion of AOB species. However, there was no significant correlation between the volatile suspended solid concentration representing chemical oxygen demand and N. europaea's community population, indicating that the degree of ammonia oxidation influenced the community cluster of Nitrosomonas relatively more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jo
- a Division of Resource Circulation , Korea Environment Institute , Sejong , Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- b Department of Environmental Engineering , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
- c Advanced Institute of Water Industry , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Juntaek Lim
- d Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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Abzazou T, Salvadó H, Cárdenas-Youngs Y, Becerril-Rodríguez A, Cebirán EMC, Huguet A, Araujo RM. Characterization of nutrient-removing microbial communities in two full-scale WWTP systems using a new qPCR approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:858-865. [PMID: 29054664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment processes involve very complex microbial communities. Culture-independent molecular methods are feasible tools used to analyze and control the structure of different microbial communities, such as bacterial communities that remove nutrients. Here, we used the gBlocks gene fragments method, a new real-time PCR approach for the development of DNA standards, to quantify total bacterial cells, AOB, NOB, and Archaeal genes at two different WWTPs. PAOs were also quantified using the FISH technique. Our findings highlight a significant improvement in real-time PCR detection for the microorganisms studied. The qPCR and FISH technique applied allowed characterization of the microbial composition of two WWTPs operated as a conventional WWTP and a biological nutrient-removal WWTP. The results revealed a significant difference in the microbial profiles of the WWTPs, with a higher abundance of nitrifying bacterial communities and PAOs in the nutrient removal plant, which were in accordance with operational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Abzazou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Humbert Salvadó
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Unversity of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yexenia Cárdenas-Youngs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Becerril-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Mª Ciriero Cebirán
- Empresa Mixta d'Aigües de la Costa Brava S.A., Roses WWTP, Camí Arenes s/n 17480 Roses, Girona, Spain.
| | - Anna Huguet
- Empresa Mixta d'Aigües de la Costa Brava S.A., Roses WWTP, Camí Arenes s/n 17480 Roses, Girona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Mª Araujo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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He R, Zhao D, Xu H, Huang R. Abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge from different geographic regions in China. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1698-1705. [PMID: 29595172 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detailed ecological information on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is very important to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In this study, activated sludge samples were collected from seven municipal WWTPs located in seven cities in China, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), as well as construction of clone libraries combined with correlation-based data analysis was performed. Further, the effect of geographic distribution and some water quality parameters on the ecological distribution of AOB in activated sludge from WWTPs were investigated. The geographic distribution, the influent concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) had significant effects on the abundance of AOB (P < 0.05). However, the community structure of AOB were not significantly affected by geographic distribution, but by water quality parameters including the concentrations of TN and NH4+-N. N. oligotropha lineage was the dominant AOB group in the wastewater treatment systems. The results obtained in this study provide useful information to understand some aspects of the ecological information and influencing factors of AOB in geographically distributed WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Dayong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Huimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
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Yao Q, Peng DC. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) dominating in nitrifying community in full-scale biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants. AMB Express 2017; 7:25. [PMID: 28116698 PMCID: PMC5256632 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrification activities and microbial populations of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were investigated in 10 full-scale biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants in Xi’an, China. Aerobic batch tests were used to determine the nitrifying activities while fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to quantify the fractions of AOB and NOB in the activated sludge. The results showed that nitrifying bacteria accounted for 1–10% of the total population. Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the dominant bacteria for AOB and NOB respectively. Moreover, the average percentage of AOB was 1.27% and that of NOB was 4.02%. The numerical ratios of NOB/AOB varied between 1.72 and 5.87. The average ammonium uptake rate and nitrite uptake rate were 3.25 ± 0.52 mg (NH4+–N)/g(VSS) h and 4.49 ± 0.49 mg (NO2−–N)/g(VSS) h, respectively. Correspondingly, the activity of NOB was 1.08–2.00 times higher than that of AOB. Thus, NOB was the dominating bacteria in nitrifying communities. The year-round data of Dianzicun (W6) also expressed a similar trend. Since NOB had higher activities than that of AOB, a large nitrite oxidation pool could be formed, which guaranteed that no nitrite would be accumulated. Therefore, stable nitrification could be achieved. A conceptual model was proposed to describe the population variation of AOB and NOB in a nitrifying community.
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Liu H, Zhu L, Tian X, Yin Y. Seasonal variation of bacterial community in biological aerated filter for ammonia removal in drinking water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:668-677. [PMID: 28710983 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological aerated filter (BAF) is widely used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and shows potential application of micropolluted drinking water sources with a higher NH4+-N removal efficiency during short warm seasons. Here we adopted a pilot lava-based BAF setup as a pretreatment unit of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and achieved a great performance of ammonia removal over a two-year operation using natural river water. We respectively observed 92.62% of NH4+-N removal efficiency, 97.88% of NO2--N removal efficiency in summer, and 77.52% NH4+-N removal efficiency in winter down to 5 °C. Based on DGGE analysis, AOB, NOB, as well as heterotrophic bacteria including genus Flavobacterium and Sphingomonas are responsible for the performance. Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira are found to be the dominant AOB and NOB in the BAF microbiota. The compositions of AOB including Nitrosomonas communis and Nitrosomonas oligotropha are different from the strains previously reported in BAF of WWTPs but similar to the observations in DWPTs. We observed seasonal bacterial shifts between summer and winter groups involved in AOB, NOB and heterotrophic genus Flavobacterium, which may be responsible for the seasonal performance fluctuation. The psychrophilic AOB belonging to Nitrosomonas likely contribute to the recovered NH4+-N removal efficiency when temperature is below 7 °C. Lack of nitrification functional psychrophilic or psychrotolerant NOB may be in charge of the severe nitrite accumulation below 7 °C. Our analysis suggests that the colonization of psychrophilic nitrifying bacteria in BAF needs at least two-year of natural acclimatization and is necessary for all-weather BAF in DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yeshi Yin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
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Boonnorat J, Boonapatcharoen N, Prachanurak P, Honda R, Phanwilai S. Toxic compounds biodegradation and toxicity of high strength wastewater treated under elevated nitrogen concentration in the activated sludge and membrane bioreactor systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:252-261. [PMID: 28319712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research has assessed the removal efficiencies of toxic compounds in the high strength wastewater (the leachate and agriculture wastewater mixture) using the activated sludge (AS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies under two carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (C/N 14 and 6) and two toxic compounds concentrations (8-396μg/L and 1000μg/L). In addition, the toxicity evaluations of the AS and MBR effluents to the aquatic environment were undertaken at five effluent dilution ratios (10, 20, 30, 50 and 70% v/v). The findings indicate that the AS treatment performance could be enhanced by the elevation of the nitrogen concentration. Specifically, the C/N 6 environment helps promote the bacterial growth, particularly heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria (HNB) and nitrifying bacteria (NB), which produce the enzymes crucial to the toxic compounds degradation. The improved biodegradation makes the effluents less toxic to the aquatic environment, as evidenced by the lower mortality rates of both experimental fish species raised in the nitrogen-elevated diluted AS effluents. On the other hand, the elevated nitrogen concentration minimally enhances the MBR treatment performance, given the fact that the MBR technology is in itself a biological treatment scheme with very high compounds removal capability. Despite its lower toxic compounds removal efficiency, the AS technology is simple, inexpensive and operationally-friendly, rendering the system more applicable to the treatment operation constrained by the financial, manpower and technological considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Pradthana Prachanurak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Ryo Honda
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Technology (RSET), Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Supaporn Phanwilai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Chen Y, Lan S, Wang L, Dong S, Zhou H, Tan Z, Li X. A review: Driving factors and regulation strategies of microbial community structure and dynamics in wastewater treatment systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:173-182. [PMID: 28161518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance and stabilization of biological wastewater treatment systems 1are closely related to the microbial community structure and dynamics. In this paper, the effects and mechanisms of influent composition, process configuration, operating parameters (dissolved oxygen [DO], pH, hydraulic retention time [HRT] and sludge retention time [SRT]) and environmental condition (temperature) to the change of microbial community structure and process performance (nitrification, denitrification, biological phosphorus removal, organics mineralization and utilization, etc.) are critically reviewed. Furthermore, some strategies for microbial community structure regulation, mainly bioaugmentation, process adjustment and operating parameters optimization, applied in the current wastewater treatment systems are also discussed. Although the recent studies have strengthened our understanding on the relationship between microbial community structure and wastewater treatment process performance, how to fully tap the microbial information, optimize the microbial community structure and maintain the process performance in wastewater treatment systems are still full of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Longhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shiyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Houzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhouliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
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NOMOTO N, TYAGI VK, ALI M, JAYASWAL K, MAHARJAN N, IGUCHI A, HATAMOTO M, OKUBO T, TAKAHASHI M, KUBOTA K, TAGAWA T, UEMURA S, YAMAGUCHI T, HARADA H. Application of DHS Reactor to Sewage Treatment in a Developing Country: Performance during Start-Up Period and under High Organic Load Condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2965/jswe.40.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki NOMOTO
- Department of Energy and Environment Science, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Vinay Kumar TYAGI
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University
- Department of Natural Resources, TERI University
| | - Muntjeer ALI
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University
| | - Komal JAYASWAL
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
| | - Namita MAHARJAN
- Department of Energy and Environment Science, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Akinori IGUCHI
- Fuculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Masashi HATAMOTO
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Tsutomu OKUBO
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College
| | | | - Kengo KUBOTA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Tadashi TAGAWA
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College
| | - Shigeki UEMURA
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College
| | - Takashi YAMAGUCHI
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Hideki HARADA
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University
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Diversity, abundance and activity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in fine particulate matter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38785. [PMID: 27941955 PMCID: PMC5150234 DOI: 10.1038/srep38785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing ammonia emissions could exacerbate air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate ammonia oxidation in PM2.5. This study investigated the diversity, abundance and activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox) in PM2.5 collected in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megalopolis, China. Nitrosopumilus subcluster 5.2 was the most dominant AOA. Nitrosospira multiformis and Nitrosomonas aestuarii were the most dominant AOB. Comammox were present in the atmosphere, as revealed by the occurrence of Candidatus Nitrospira inopinata in PM2.5. The average cell numbers of AOA, AOB and Ca. N. inopinata were 2.82 × 104, 4.65 × 103 and 1.15 × 103 cell m-3 air, respectively. The average maximum nitrification rate of PM2.5 was 0.14 μg (NH4+-N) [m3 air·h]-1. AOA might account for most of the ammonia oxidation, followed by Comammox, while AOB were responsible for a small part of ammonia oxidation. Statistical analyses showed that Nitrososphaera subcluster 4.1 was positively correlated with organic carbon concentration, and Nitrosomonas eutropha showed positive correlation with ammonia concentration. Overall, this study expanded our knowledge concerning AOA, AOB and Comammox in PM2.5 and pointed towards an important role of AOA and Comammox in ammonia oxidation in PM2.5.
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Lu X, Seuradge BJ, Neufeld JD. Biogeography of soil Thaumarchaeota in relation to soil depth and land usage. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw246. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Thandar SM, Ushiki N, Fujitani H, Sekiguchi Y, Tsuneda S. Ecophysiology and Comparative Genomics of Nitrosomonas mobilis Ms1 Isolated from Autotrophic Nitrifying Granules of Wastewater Treatment Bioreactor. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1869. [PMID: 27920767 PMCID: PMC5118430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which oxidize ammonia to nitrite in the first step of nitrification, play an important role in biological wastewater treatment systems. Nitrosomonas mobilis is an important and dominant AOB in various wastewater treatment systems. However, the detailed physiological and genomic properties of N. mobilis have not been thoroughly investigated because of limited success isolating pure cultures. This study investigated the key physiological characteristics of N. mobilis Ms1, which was previously isolated into pure culture from the nitrifying granules of wastewater treatment bioreactor. The pure culture of N. mobilis Ms1 was cultivated in liquid mineral medium with 30 mg-N L-1 (2.14 mM) of ammonium at room temperature under dark conditions. The optimum growth of N. mobilis Ms1 occurred at 27°C and pH 8, with a maximum growth rate of 0.05–0.07 h-1, which corresponded to a generation time of 10–14 h. The half saturation constant for ammonium uptake rate and the maximum ammonium uptake rate of N. mobilis Ms1 were 30.70 ± 0.51 μM NH4+ and 0.01 ± 0.002 pmol NH4+ cells-1 h-1, respectively. N. mobilis Ms1 had higher ammonia oxidation activity than N. europaea in this study. The oxygen uptake activity kinetics of N. mobilis Ms1 were Km(O2) = 21.74 ± 4.01 μM O2 and V max(O2) = 0.06 ± 0.02 pmol O2 cells-1 h-1. Ms1 grew well at ammonium and NaCl concentrations of up to 100 and 500 mM, respectively. The nitrite tolerance of N. mobilis Ms1 was extremely high (up to 300 mM) compared to AOB previously isolated from activated sludge and wastewater treatment plants. The average nucleotide identity between the genomes of N. mobilis Ms1 and other Nitrosomonas species indicated that N. mobilis Ms1 was distantly related to other Nitrosomonas species. The organization of the genes encoding protein inventory involved in ammonia oxidation and nitrifier denitrification processes were different from other Nitrosomonas species. The current study provides a needed physiological and genomic characterization of N. mobilis-like bacteria and a better understanding of their ecophysiological properties, enabling comparison of these bacteria with other AOB in wastewater treatment systems and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soe Myat Thandar
- Tsuneda Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Mandalay Technological University, Ministry of EducationMandalay, Myanmar
| | - Norisuke Ushiki
- Tsuneda Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fujitani
- Tsuneda Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Sekiguchi
- Advanced Biomeasurements Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Tsuneda Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
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Boonnorat J, Techkarnjanaruk S, Honda R, Prachanurak P. Effects of hydraulic retention time and carbon to nitrogen ratio on micro-pollutant biodegradation in membrane bioreactor for leachate treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:53-63. [PMID: 27475331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the biodegradation of the micro-pollutants in leachate by the membrane bioreactor (MBR) system under six treatment conditions, comprising two C/N ratios (6, 10) and three hydraulic retention time (HRT) durations (6, 12, 24h). The experimental results indicated that the C/N 6 environment was more advantageous to the bacterial growth. The bacterial communities residing in the sludge were those of heterotrophic bacteria (HB), heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria (HNB) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). It was found that HB and HNB produced phenol hydroxylase (PH), esterase (EST), phthalate dioxygenase (PDO) and laccase (LAC) and also enhanced the biodegradation rate constants (k) in the system. At the same time, AOB promoted the production of HB and HNB. The findings also revealed that the 12h HRT was the optimal condition with regard to the highest growth of the bacteria responsible for the biodegradation of phenols and phthalates. Meanwhile, the longer HRT duration (i.e. 24h) was required to effectively bio-degrade carbamazepine (CBZ), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and diclofenac (DCF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
| | - Somkiet Techkarnjanaruk
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Ryo Honda
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Technology (RSET), Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Pradthana Prachanurak
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
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Wang Z, Luo G, Li J, Chen SY, Li Y, Li WT, Li AM. Response of performance and ammonia oxidizing bacteria community to high salinity stress in membrane bioreactor with elevated ammonia loading. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:714-721. [PMID: 27290667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effect of elevated ammonia loading rate (ALR) and increasing salinity on the operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and the response of microbial community were investigated. Results showed that MBR started up with 1% NaCl stress achieved amazing nitrification performance at high salinity up to 4% when treating wastewater containing 1000mg/L NH(+)4-N. Further increasing salinity to 7% led to failure of MBR unrecoverably. Steep decline of sludge activity contributed to the extremely worse performance. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that both ALR and salinity had selective effects on the microbial community structure. In genus level, Methyloversatilis and Maribacter were enriched during the operation. Survival of salt-resistant microbes contributed to the rising of richness and diversity at 2% and 4% NaCl stress. Analysis of amoA-gene-based cloning revealed Nitrosomonas marina are chiefly responsible for catalyzing ammonia oxidation in high ALR at high salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shi-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Niu L, Li Y, Wang P, Zhang W, Wang C, Cai W, Wang L. Altitude-scale variation in nitrogen-removal bacterial communities from municipal wastewater treatment plants distributed along a 3600-m altitudinal gradient in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:38-44. [PMID: 27054491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial ecological information on the nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been of considerable importance as a means for diagnosing the poor performance of nitrogen removal. In this study, the altitude-scale variations in the quantitative relationships and community structures of betaproteobacteria ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (βAOB) and nitrite-reducing bacteria containing the copper-containing nitrite reductase gene (nirK-NRB) and the cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase gene (nirS-NRB) were investigated in 18 municipal WWTPs distributed along a 3660-masl altitude gradient in China. An altitude threshold associated with the proportions of NRB to total bacteria, NRB to βAOB and nirK-NRB to nirS-NRB was detected at approximately 1500m above sea level (masl). Compared with the stable proportions below 1500masl, the proportions exhibited a pronounced decreasing trend with increased altitude above 1500masl. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the trend was significantly driven by altitude as well as multiple wastewater and operational variables. The community structure dissimilarity of βAOB, nirK-NRB and nirS-NRB showed significant and positive correlations with altitudinal distance between WWTPs. Redundancy analyses indicated that the variation in community structures above 1500masl were predominantly associated with wastewater, followed by operation and altitude. In summary, although the variations of nitrogen-removal bacterial community in WWTPs were driven dominantly by wastewater and operational variables, altitude was also an important variable influencing the quantitative relationships and community structures of nitrogen-removal bacteria in WWTPs particularly above 1500masl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Niu
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of integrated regulation and resource development on shallow lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of integrated regulation and resource development on shallow lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of integrated regulation and resource development on shallow lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of integrated regulation and resource development on shallow lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of integrated regulation and resource development on shallow lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wei Cai
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of integrated regulation and resource development on shallow lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Linqiong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of integrated regulation and resource development on shallow lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Liu Y, Su X, Lu L, Ding L, Shen C. A novel approach to enhance biological nutrient removal using a culture supernatant from Micrococcus luteus containing resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) in SBR process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4498-4508. [PMID: 26514565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A culture supernatant from Micrococcus luteus containing resuscitation-promoting factor (SRpf) was used to enhance the biological nutrient removal of potentially functional bacteria. The obtained results suggest that SRpf accelerated the start-up process and significantly enhanced the biological nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). PO4 (3-)-P removal efficiency increased by over 12 % and total nitrogen removal efficiency increased by over 8 % in treatment reactor acclimated by SRpf compared with those without SRpf addition. The Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that SRpf played an essential role in shifts in the composition and diversity of bacterial community. The phyla of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which were closely related to biological nutrient removal, were greatly abundant after SRpf addition. This study demonstrates that SRpf acclimation or addition might hold great potential as an efficient and cost-effective alternative for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to meet more stringent operation conditions and legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomei Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxian Ding
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Margot J, Lochmatter S, Barry DA, Holliger C. Role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in micropollutant removal from wastewater with aerobic granular sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:564-575. [PMID: 26877039 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrifying wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are more efficient than non-nitrifying WWTPs to remove several micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. This may be related to the activity of nitrifying organisms, such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs), which could possibly co-metabolically oxidize micropollutants with their ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). The role of AOBs in micropollutant removal was investigated with aerobic granular sludge (AGS), a promising technology for municipal WWTPs. Two identical laboratory-scale AGS sequencing batch reactors (AGS-SBRs) were operated with or without nitrification (inhibition of AMOs) to assess their potential for micropollutant removal. Of the 36 micropollutants studied at 1 μg l(-1) in synthetic wastewater, nine were over 80% removed, but 17 were eliminated by less than 20%. Five substances (bisphenol A, naproxen, irgarol, terbutryn and iohexol) were removed better in the reactor with nitrification, probably due to co-oxidation catalysed by AMOs. However, for the removal of all other micropollutants, AOBs did not seem to play a significant role. Many compounds were better removed in aerobic condition, suggesting that aerobic heterotrophic organisms were involved in the degradation. As the AGS-SBRs did not favour the growth of such organisms, their potential for micropollutant removal appeared to be lower than that of conventional nitrifying WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Margot
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecological Engineering Laboratory, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail: ; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Lochmatter
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Present address: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D A Barry
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecological Engineering Laboratory, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail:
| | - Christof Holliger
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Fujitani H, Kumagai A, Ushiki N, Momiuchi K, Tsuneda S. Selective isolation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from autotrophic nitrifying granules by applying cell-sorting and sub-culturing of microcolonies. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1159. [PMID: 26528282 PMCID: PMC4607866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrification is a key process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and biological wastewater treatment that consists of two stepwise reactions, ammonia oxidation by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) or archaea followed by nitrite oxidation by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. One of the representatives of the AOB group is Nitrosomonas mobilis species. Although a few pure strains of this species have been isolated so far, approaches to their preservation in pure culture have not been established. Here, we report isolation of novel members of the N. mobilis species from autotrophic nitrifying granules used for ammonia-rich wastewater treatment. We developed an isolation method focusing on microcolonies formation of nitrifying bacteria. Two kinds of distinctive light scattering signatures in a cell-sorting system enabled to separate microcolonies from single cells and heterogeneous aggregates within granule samples. Inoculation of a pure microcolony into 96-well microtiter plates led to successful sub-culturing and increased probability of isolation. Obtained strain Ms1 is cultivated in the liquid culture with relatively high ammonia or nitrite concentration, not extremely slow growing. Considering environmental clones that were closely related to N. mobilis and detected in various environments, the availability of this novel strain would facilitate to reveal this member’s ecophysiology in a variety of habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Fujitani
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Kumagai
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norisuke Ushiki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Momiuchi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Contrasting microbial community composition and function perspective in sections of a full-scale coking wastewater treatment system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:949-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eyice Ö, Ince O, Ince BK. Monitoring the abundance and the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a full-scale nitrifying activated sludge reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2328-2334. [PMID: 25185496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-specific ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) has been suggested to be an indicator of the performance of nitrification reactors and to be used as an operational parameter previously. However, published AOR values change by orders of magnitude and studies investigating full-scale nitrification reactors are limited. Therefore, this study aimed at quantifying ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and estimating their in situ cell-specific AOR in a full-scale activated sludge reactor treating combined domestic and industrial wastewaters. Results showed that cell-specific AOR changed between 5.30 and 9.89 fmol cell(-1) h(-1), although no significant variation in AOB cell numbers were obtained (1.54E + 08 ± 0.22 cell/ml). However, ammonia-removal efficiency varied largely (52-79 %) and was proportional to the cell-specific AOR in the reactor. This suggested that the cell-specific AOR might be the factor affecting the biological ammonia-removal efficiency of nitrification reactors independent of the AOB number. Further investigation is needed to establish an empirical relationship to use cell-specific AOR as a parameter to operate full-scale nitrification systems more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Eyice
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, CV4 7AL,
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43
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Bae H, Chung YC, Yang H, Lee C, Aryapratama R, Yoo YJ, Lee S. Assessment of bacterial community structure in nitrifying biofilm under inorganic carbon-sufficient and -limited conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:201-212. [PMID: 25560266 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.975550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nitrification and changes in the composition of the total bacterial community under inorganic carbon (IC)-limited conditions, in a nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor, was investigated. A culture-independent analysis of cloning and sequencing based on the 16S rRNA gene was applied to quantify the bacterial diversity and to determine bacterial taxonomic assignment. IC concentrations had significant effects on the stability of ammonia-oxidation as indicated by the reduction of the nitrogen conversion rate with high NH4(+)-N loadings. The predominance of Nitrosomonas europaea was maintained in spite of changes in the IC concentration. In contrast, heterotrophic bacterial species contributed to a high bacterial diversity, and to a dynamic shift in the bacterial community structure, under IC-limited conditions. In this study, individual functions of heterotrophic bacteria were estimated based on taxonomic information. Possible key roles of coexisting heterotrophic bacteria are the assimilation of organic compounds of extracellular polymeric substances produced by nitrifiers, and biofilm formation by providing a filamentous structure and aggregation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokwan Bae
- a Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Ammonia-oxidizing archaea versus bacteria in two soil aquifer treatment systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1337-47. [PMID: 25381908 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
So far, the contribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to ammonia oxidation in wastewater treatment processes has not been well understood. In this study, two soil aquifer treatment (SATs) systems were built up to treat synthetic domestic wastewater (column 1) and secondary effluent (column 4), accomplishing an average of 95% ammonia removal during over 550 days of operation. Except at day 322, archaeal amoA genes always outnumbered bacterial amoA genes in both SATs as determined by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The ratios of archaeal amoA to 16S rRNA gene averaged at 0.70 ± 0.56 and 0.82 ± 0.62 in column 1 and column 4, respectively, indicating that all the archaea could be AOA carrying amoA gene in the SATs. The results of MiSeq-pyrosequencing targeting on archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes with the primer pair of modified 515R/806R indicated that Nitrososphaera cluster affiliated with thaumarchaeal group I.1b was the dominant AOA species, while Nitrosospira cluster was the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The statistical analysis showed significant relationship between AOA abundance (compared to AOB abundance) and inorganic and total nitrogen concentrations. Based on the mathematical model calculation for microbial growth, AOA had much greater capacity of ammonia oxidation as compared to the specific influent ammonia loading for AOA in the SATs, implying that a small fraction of the total AOA would actively work to oxidize ammonia chemoautotrophically whereas most of AOA would exhibit some level of functional redundancy. These results all pointed that AOA involved in microbial ammonia oxidation in the SATs.
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45
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Liang Y, Li D, Zhang X, Zeng H, Yang Z, Cui S, Zhang J. Nitrogen removal and microbial characteristics in CANON biofilters fed with different ammonia levels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:168-174. [PMID: 25194266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen removal performance and microbial characteristics of four completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) biofilters were investigated. These four reactors were simultaneously seeded from a stable CANON biofilter with a seeding ratio of 1:1, which were fed with different ammonia levels. Results suggested that with the ammonia of 200-400 mg L(-1), aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) could perform harmonious work. The bioactivity and population of the two groups of bacteria were both high, which then resulted in excellent nitrogen removal, while too low or too high ammonia would both lead to worse performance. When ammonia was too high, the bioactivity, biodiversity and population of AerAOB all decreased and then resulted in the lowest nitrogen removal. Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Brocadia were detected as predominant functional microbes in all the four reactors. Finally, strategies for treating sewage with different ammonia levels were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shaoming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Gómez-Silván C, Vílchez-Vargas R, Arévalo J, Gómez MA, González-López J, Pieper DH, Rodelas B. Quantitative response of nitrifying and denitrifying communities to environmental variables in a full-scale membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:126-133. [PMID: 25043345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and transcription levels of specific gene markers of total bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrospira-like) and denitrifiers (N2O-reducers) were analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse-transcription qPCR during 9 months in a full-scale membrane bioreactor treating urban wastewater. A stable community of N-removal key players was developed; however, the abundance of active populations experienced sharper shifts, demonstrating their fast adaptation to changing conditions. Despite constituting a small percentage of the total bacterial community, the larger abundances of active populations of nitrifiers explained the high N-removal accomplished by the MBR. Multivariate analyses revealed that temperature, accumulation of volatile suspended solids in the sludge, BOD5, NH4(+) concentration and C/N ratio of the wastewater contributed significantly (23-38%) to explain changes in the abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers. However, each targeted group showed different responses to shifts in these parameters, evidencing the complexity of the balance among them for successful biological N-removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gómez-Silván
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - R Vílchez-Vargas
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Arévalo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M A Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J González-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - D H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B Rodelas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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47
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Monteiro M, Séneca J, Magalhães C. The history of aerobic ammonia oxidizers: from the first discoveries to today. J Microbiol 2014; 52:537-47. [PMID: 24972807 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate, has long been considered a central biological process in the global nitrogen cycle, with its first description dated 133 years ago. Until 2005, bacteria were considered the only organisms capable of nitrification. However, the recent discovery of a chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaeon, Nitrosopumilus maritimus, changed our concept of the range of organisms involved in nitrification, highlighting the importance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) as potential players in global biogeochemical nitrogen transformations. The uniqueness of these archaea justified the creation of a novel archaeal phylum, Thaumarchaeota. These recent discoveries increased the global scientific interest within the microbial ecology society and have triggered an analysis of the importance of bacterial vs archaeal ammonia oxidation in a wide range of natural ecosystems. In this mini review we provide a chronological perspective of the current knowledge on the ammonia oxidation pathway of nitrification, based on the main physiological, ecological and genomic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monteiro
- EcoBioTec Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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48
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Srithep P, Khinthong B, Chodanon T, Powtongsook S, Pungrasmi W, Limpiyakorn T. Communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in shrimp ponds. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Wang J, Zhang C, Rong H. Analysis and succession of nitrifying bacteria community structure in sequencing biofilm batch reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4581-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Correlation of seasonal nitrification failure and ammonia-oxidizing community dynamics in a wastewater treatment plant treating water from a saline thermal spa. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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