1
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Meng LH, Awakawa T, Li XM, Quan Z, Yang SQ, Wang BG, Abe I. Discovery of (±)-Penindolenes Reveals an Unusual Indole Ring Cleavage Pathway Catalyzed by P450 Monooxygenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403963. [PMID: 38635317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
(±)-Penindolenes A-D (1-4), the first representatives of indole terpenoids featuring a γ-lactam skeleton, were isolated from the mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Penicillium brocae MA-231. Our bioactivity tests revealed their potent antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The biosynthetic reactions by the five enzymes PbaABCDE leading to γ-lactam ring formation were identified with heterologous expression and in vitro enzymatic assays. Remarkably, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PbaB and its homolog in Aspergillus oryzae catalyzed the 2,3-cleavage of the indole ring to generate two keto groups in 1. This is the first example of the oxidative cleavage of indole by a P450 monooxygenase. In addition, rare secondary amide bond formation by the glutamine synthetase-like enzyme PbaD was reported. These findings will contribute to the engineered biosynthesis of unnatural, bioactive indole terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Meng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhiyang Quan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sui-Qun Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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2
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Tang J, Matsuda Y. Discovery of fungal onoceroid triterpenoids through domainless enzyme-targeted global genome mining. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4312. [PMID: 38773118 PMCID: PMC11109268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomics-guided methodologies have revolutionized the discovery of natural products. However, a major challenge in the field of genome mining is determining how to selectively extract biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for untapped natural products from numerous available genome sequences. In this study, we developed a fungal genome mining tool that extracts BGCs encoding enzymes that lack a detectable protein domain (i.e., domainless enzymes) and are not recognized as biosynthetic proteins by existing bioinformatic tools. We searched for BGCs encoding a homologue of Pyr4-family terpene cyclases, which are representative examples of apparently domainless enzymes, in approximately 2000 fungal genomes and discovered several BGCs with unique features. The subsequent characterization of selected BGCs led to the discovery of fungal onoceroid triterpenoids and unprecedented onoceroid synthases. Furthermore, in addition to the onoceroids, a previously unreported sesquiterpene hydroquinone, of which the biosynthesis involves a Pyr4-family terpene cyclase, was obtained. Our genome mining tool has broad applicability in fungal genome mining and can serve as a beneficial platform for accessing diverse, unexploited natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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3
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Pham MT, Yang FL, Liu IC, Liang PH, Lin HC. Non-Heme Iron Enzymes Catalyze Heterobicyclic and Spirocyclic Isoquinolone Core Formation in Piperazine Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401324. [PMID: 38499463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
We report the discovery and biosynthesis of new piperazine alkaloids-arizonamides, and their derived compounds-arizolidines, featuring heterobicyclic and spirocyclic isoquinolone skeletons, respectively. Their biosynthetic pathway involves two crucial non-heme iron enzymes, ParF and ParG, for core skeleton construction. ParF has a dual function facilitating 2,3-alkene formation of helvamide, as a substrate for ParG, and oxidative cleavage of piperazine. Notably, ParG exhibits catalytic versatility in multiple oxidative reactions, including cyclization and ring reconstruction. A key amino acid residue Phe67 was characterized to control the formation of the constrained arizonamide B backbone by ParG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Truc Pham
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - I-Chen Liu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Po-Huang Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
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4
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Ji Q, Xiang H, Wang WG, Matsuda Y. Mechanism Behind the Programmed Biosynthesis of Heterotrimeric Fungal Depside Thielavin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402663. [PMID: 38467568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Thielavin A (1) is a fungal depside composed of one 3-methylorsellinic acid and two 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid units. It displays diverse biological activities. However, the mechanism underlying the assembly of the heterotrimeric structure of 1 remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified the polyketide synthase (PKS) involved in the biosynthesis of 1. This PKS, designated as ThiA, possesses an unusual domain organization with the C-methyltransferase (MT) domain situated at the C-terminus following the thioesterase (TE) domain. Our findings indicated that the TE domain is solely responsible for two rounds of ester bond formation, along with subsequent chain hydrolysis. We identified a plausible mechanism for TE-catalyzed reactions and obtained insights into how a single PKS can selectively yield a specific heterotrimeric product. In particular, the tandem acyl carrier protein domains of ThiA are critical for programmed methylation by the MT domain. Overall, this study highlighted the occurrence of highly optimized domain-domain communication within ThiA for the selective synthesis of 1, which can advance our understanding of the programming rules of fungal PKSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Yan D, Matsuda Y. Methyltransferase Domain-Focused Genome Mining for Fungal Polyketide Synthases. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400107. [PMID: 38644685 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A comparison of substrate-binding site amino acid residues in the C-methyltransferase (MT) domains of fungal nonreducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs) suggests that these residues are correlated with the methylation modes used by the PKSs. A PKS, designated as AsbPKS, with substrate-binding site residues distinct from those of other known PKSs is focused on. The characterization of AsbPKS revealed that it yields an isocoumarin derivative, anhydrosclerotinin B (1), the biosynthesis of which involves a previously unreported methylation pattern. This study demonstrates the utility of MT domain-focused genome mining for the discovery of PKSs with new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Johnson CW, Ohashi M, Tang Y. How Fungi Biosynthesize 3-Nitropropanoic Acid: The Simplest yet Lethal Mycotoxin. Org Lett 2024; 26:3158-3163. [PMID: 38588324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We uncovered the biosynthetic pathway of the lethal mycotoxin 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA) from koji mold Aspergillus oryzae. The biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of 3-NPA, which encodes an amine oxidase and a decarboxylase, is conserved in many fungi used in food processing, although most of the strains have not been reported to produce 3-NPA. Our discovery will lead to efforts that improve the safety profiles of these indispensable microorganisms in making food, alcoholic beverages, and seasoning.
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7
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Han H, Zhang P, Xie Z, Qi J, Wang P, Li C, Xue Z, Wu R, Liu C. Functional Characterization of Sesquiterpene Synthases and P450 Enzymes in Flammulina velutipes for Biosynthesis of Spiro [4.5] Decane Terpene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38606577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes, a popular edible mushroom, contains sesquiterpenes with potential health benefits. We characterized 12 sesquiterpene synthases and one P450 enzyme in F. velutipes using Aspergillus oryzae as a heterologous expression system, culminating in the biosynthesis of 16 distinct sesquiterpene compounds. An enzyme encoded by the axeB gene responsible for the synthesis of the spiro [4.5] decane compound axenol was discovered, and the mechanism of spirocycle formation was elucidated through quantum mechanical calculations. Furthermore, we delineated the role of a P450 enzyme colocated with AxeB in producing the novel compound 3-oxo-axenol. Our findings highlight the diverse array of sesquiterpene skeletons and functional groups biosynthesized by these enzymes in F. velutipes and underscore the effectiveness of the A. oryzae system as a heterologous host for expressing genes in the Basidiomycota genome. These insights into the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in F. velutipes have significant implications for functional food and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhekai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, HarBin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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8
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Chen T, Chen Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Yao L, Zeng B, Zhang Z. Development of a CRISPR/Cpf1 system for multiplex gene editing in Aspergillus oryzae. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:373-382. [PMID: 37490214 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas technology is a powerful tool for genome engineering in Aspergillus oryzae as an industrially important filamentous fungus. Previous study has reported the application of the CRISPR/Cpf1 system based on the Cpf1 (LbCpf1) from Lachnospiraceae bacterium in A. oryzae. However, multiplex gene editing have not been investigated using this system. Here, we presented a new CRISPR/Cpf1 multiplex gene editing system in A. oryzae, which contains the Cpf1 nuclease (FnCpf1) from Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida U112 and CRISPR-RNA expression cassette. The crRNA cassette consisted of direct repeats and guide sequences driven by the A. oryzae U6 promoter and U6 terminator. Using the constructed FnCpf1 gene editing system, the wA and pyrG genes were mutated successfully. Furthermore, simultaneous editing of wA and pyrG genes in A. oryzae was performed using two guide sequences targeting these gene loci in a single crRNA array. This promising CRISPR/Cpf1 genome-editing system provides a powerful tool for genetically engineering A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ziming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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9
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Han H, Peng S, Wang Q, Wang H, Wang P, Li C, Qi J, Liu C. Biochemical characterization of a multiple prenyltransferase from Tolypocladium inflatum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:275. [PMID: 38530470 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Prenylation plays a pivotal role in the diversification and biological activities of natural products. This study presents the functional characterization of TolF, a multiple prenyltransferase from Tolypocladium inflatum. The heterologous expression of tolF in Aspergillus oryzae, coupled with feeding the transformed strain with paxilline, resulted in the production of 20- and 22-prenylpaxilline. Additionally, TolF demonstrated the ability to prenylated the reduced form of paxilline, β-paxitriol. A related prenyltransferase TerF from Chaunopycnis alba, exhibited similar substrate tolerance and regioselectivity. In vitro enzyme assays using purified recombinant enzymes TolF and TerF confirmed their capacity to catalyze prenylation of paxilline, β-paxitriol, and terpendole I. Based on previous reports, terpendole I should be considered a native substrate. This work not only enhances our understanding of the molecular basis and product diversity of prenylation reactions in indole diterpene biosynthesis, but also provides insights into the potential of fungal indole diterpene prenyltransferase to alter their position specificities for prenylation. This could be applicable for the synthesis of industrially useful compounds, including bioactive compounds, thereby opening up new avenues for the development of novel biosynthetic strategies and pharmaceuticals. KEY POINTS: • The study characterizes TolF as a multiple prenyltransferase from Tolypocladium inflatum. • TerF from Chaunopycnis alba shows similar substrate tolerance and regioselectivity compared to TolF. • The research offers insights into the potential applications of fungal indole diterpene prenyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Yang H, Song C, Liu C, Wang P. Synthetic Biology Tools for Engineering Aspergillus oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:34. [PMID: 38248944 PMCID: PMC10817548 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
For more than a thousand years, Aspergillus oryzae has been used in traditional culinary industries, including for food fermentation, brewing, and flavoring. In recent years, A. oryzae has been extensively used in deciphering the pathways of natural product synthesis and value-added compound bioproduction. Moreover, it is increasingly being used in modern biotechnology industries, such as for the production of enzymes and recombinant proteins. The investigation of A. oryzae has been significantly accelerated through the successive application of a diverse array of synthetic biology techniques and methodologies. In this review, the advancements in biological tools for the synthesis of A. oryzae, including DNA assembly technologies, gene expression regulatory elements, and genome editing systems, are discussed. Additionally, the challenges associated with the heterologous expression of A. oryzae are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chaonan Song
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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11
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Yan D, Arakelyan J, Wan T, Raina R, Chan TK, Ahn D, Kushnarev V, Cheung TK, Chan HC, Choi I, Ho PY, Hu F, Kim Y, Lau HL, Law YL, Leung CS, Tong CY, Wong KK, Yim WL, Karnaukhov NS, Kong RY, Babak MV, Matsuda Y. Genomics-driven derivatization of the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoid variecolin: Creation of an unnatural analogue with improved anticancer properties. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:421-432. [PMID: 38261827 PMCID: PMC10793096 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A biosynthetic gene cluster for the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoids variecolin (1) and variecolactone (2) was identified in Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC 16872. Heterologous production of 1 and 2 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae by expressing the sesterterpene synthase VrcA and the cytochrome P450 VrcB. Intriguingly, the replacement of VrcB with homologous P450s from other fungal terpenoid pathways yielded three new variecolin analogues (5-7). Analysis of the compounds' anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo revealed that although 5 and 1 had comparable activities, 5 was associated with significantly reduced toxic side effects in cancer-bearing mice, indicating its potentially broader therapeutic window. Our study describes the first tests of variecolin and its analogues in animals and demonstrates the utility of synthetic biology for creating molecules with improved biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jemma Arakelyan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ritvik Raina
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Ki Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dohyun Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vladimir Kushnarev
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Kiu Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Ching Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Inseo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Yi Ho
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feijun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hill Lam Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Lo Law
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Seng Leung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Yin Tong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Kap Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Lam Yim
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikolay S. Karnaukhov
- Moscow Clinical Research Center Named After A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russian Federation
| | - Richard Y.C. Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maria V. Babak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- iGEM Team “VarieCure”, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Mori T, Abe I. Functional analysis of a fungal P450 enzyme. Methods Enzymol 2023; 693:171-190. [PMID: 37977730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungal cytochrome P450s participate in various physiological reactions, including the synthesis of internal cellular components, metabolic detoxification of xenobiotic compounds, and oxidative modification of natural products. Although functional analysis reports of fungal P450s continue to grow, there are still some difficulties as compared to prokaryotic P450s, because most of these fungal enzymes are transmembrane proteins. In this chapter, we will describe the methods for heterologous expression, in vivo analysis, enzyme preparation, and in vitro enzyme assays of the fungal P450 enzyme Trt6 and isomerase Trt14, which play important roles in the divergence of the biosynthetic pathway of terretonins, as a model for the functional analysis of fungal P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Ren S, Zeng Y, Wang Q, Lin Q, Yin X, Chen S, Wang M, Liu L, Gao Z. Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter Participates in the Formation of Dimeric Sorbicillinoids Pigments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12216-12224. [PMID: 37526340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biosynthetic pathways of fungal pigments can help elucidate their roles in fungal growth processes. Trichodimerol is a unique cage-like dimeric sorbicillinoids pigment that is commonly isolated from many fungi, however, its biosynthesis is just partially clarified. In this study, we report that a biosynthetic gene cluster encoded major facilitator superfamily transporter (StaE) from the fungus Stagonospora sp. SYSU-MS7888 is involved in the formation of trichodimerol, together with several other dimeric sorbicillinoids. Using Aspergillus oryzae NSARI as a heterologous host, we demonstrated that the formation of dimeric sorbicillinoids required co-expression of the transporter StaE with biosynthetic genes (two PKSs and one monooxygenase) that are responsible for constructing the monomer precursor sorbicillinol. Fluorescence microscopy results showed that eGFP-tagged StaE is localized on the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that sorbicillinoid dimerizations might be compartmentalized in this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yujing Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qifeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xinjian Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Senhua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Muhua Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zhizeng Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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14
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Yang R, Feng J, Xiang H, Cheng B, Shao LD, Li YP, Wang H, Hu QF, Xiao WL, Matsuda Y, Wang WG. Ketoreductase Domain-Catalyzed Polyketide Chain Release in Fungal Alkyl Salicylaldehyde Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11293-11300. [PMID: 37172192 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl salicylaldehyde derivatives are polyketide natural products, which are widely distributed in fungi and exhibit great structural diversity. Their biosynthetic mechanisms have recently been intensively studied; however, how the polyketide synthases (PKSs) involved in the fungal alkyl salicylaldehyde biosyntheses release their products remained elusive. In this study, we discovered an orphan biosynthetic gene cluster of salicylaldehyde derivatives in the fungus Stachybotrys sp. g12. Intriguingly, the highly reducing PKS StrA, encoded by the gene cluster, performs a reductive polyketide chain release, although it lacks a C-terminal reductase domain, which is typically required for such a reductive release. Our study revealed that the chain release is achieved by the ketoreductase (KR) domain of StrA, which also conducts cannonical β-keto reductions during polyketide chain elongation. Furthermore, we found that the cupin domain-containing protein StrC plays a critical role in the aromatization reaction. Collectively, we have provided an unprecedented example of a KR domain-catalyzed polyketide chain release and a clearer image of how the salicylaldehyde scaffold is generated in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory and Yunnan Provincial Center of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500 Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500 Yunnan, China
| | - Hang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiu-Fen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory and Yunnan Provincial Center of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Wei-Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
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15
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Han H, Yu C, Qi J, Wang P, Zhao P, Gong W, Xie C, Xia X, Liu C. High-efficient production of mushroom polyketide compounds in a platform host Aspergillus oryzae. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 36998045 PMCID: PMC10064546 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orsellinic acid (2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, OA) and its structural analog o-Orsellinaldehyde, have become widely used intermediates in clinical drugs synthesis. Although the research on the biosynthesis of such compounds has made significant progress, due to the lack of suitable hosts, there is still far from the industrial production of such compounds based on synthetic biology. RESULTS With the help of genome mining, we found a polyketide synthase (PKS, HerA) in the genome of the Hericium erinaceus, which shares 60% amino acid sequence homology with ArmB from Armillaria mellea, an identified PKS capable of synthesizing OA. To characterize the function of HerA, we cloned herA and heterologously expressed it in Aspergillus oryzae, and successfully detected the production of OA. Subsequently, the introduction of an incomplete PKS (Pks5) from Ustilago maydis containing only three domains (AMP-ACP-R), which was into herA-containing A. oryzae, the resulted in the production of o-Orsellinaldehyde. Considering the economic value of OA and o-Orsellinaldehyde, we then optimized the yield of these compounds in A. oryzae. The screening showed that when maltose was used as carbon source, the yields of OA and o-Orsellinaldehyde were 57.68 mg/L and 15.71 mg/L respectively, while the yields were 340.41 mg/Kg and 84.79 mg/Kg respectively in rice medium for 10 days. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we successfully expressed the genes of basidiomycetes using A. oryzae heterologous host. As a fungus of ascomycetes, which not only correctly splices genes of basidiomycetes containing multiple introns, but also efficiently produces their metabolites. This study highlights that A. oryzae is an excellent host for the heterologous production of fungal natural products, and has the potential to become an efficient chassis for the production of basidiomycete secondary metabolites in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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16
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Xu ZZ, Zhuang Z, Cai R, Lin GQ, She Z, Zhao Q, He QL. Hydroxylation with Unusual Stereoinversion Catalyzed by an Fe II /2-OG Dependent Oxidase and 3,6-Diene-2,5-diketopiperazine Formation in the Biosynthesis of Brevianamide K. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216989. [PMID: 36750406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural products with the 3,6-diene-2,5-diketopiperazine core are widely distributed in nature; however, the biosynthetic mechanism of 3,6-diene-2,5-diketopiperazine in fungi remains to be further elucidated. Through heterologous expression and biochemical investigation of an FeII /2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxidase (AspE) and a heme-dependent P450 enzyme (AspF), we report that AspE, AspF and subsequent dehydration account for the formation of the 3,6-diene-2,5-diketopiperazine substructure of brevianamide K from Aspergillus sp. SK-28, a symbiotic fungus of mangrove plant Kandelia candel. More interestingly, in-depth investigation of the enzymatic mechanism showed that AspE promotes hydroxylation of brevianamide Q with unprecedented stereoinversion through hydrogen atom abstraction and water nucleophilic attack from the opposite face of the resultant iminium cation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zheng Xu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng Zhuang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Runlin Cai
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qunfei Zhao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing-Li He
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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17
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Feng D, Liang Y, Wu Z, Du S, Zhou Y, Geng C, Men P, Fu C, Huang X, Lu X. Discovery of a Unique Flavonoid Biosynthesis Mechanism in Fungi by Genome Mining. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215529. [PMID: 36704842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important plant natural products with variable structures and bioactivities. All known plant flavonoids are generated under the catalysis of a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) followed by a chalcone isomerase (CHI) and a flavone synthase (FNS). In this study, the biosynthetic gene cluster of chlorflavonin, a fungal flavonoid with acetolactate synthase inhibitory activity, was discovered using a self-resistance-gene-directed strategy. A novel flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in fungi was revealed. A core nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase (NRPS-PKS) is responsible for the generation of the key precursor chalcone. Then, a new type of CHI catalyzes the conversion of a chalcone into a flavanone by a histidine-mediated oxa-Michael addition mechanism. Finally, the desaturation of flavanone to flavone is catalyzed by a new type of FNS, a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent oxidoreductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Yajing Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Siyu Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Ce Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Ping Men
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuenian Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
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18
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Awakawa T, Liu W, Bai T, Taniguchi T, Abe I. Orthoester formation in fungal meroterpenoid austalide F biosynthesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220037. [PMID: 36633279 PMCID: PMC9835590 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal meroterpenoids are important bioactive natural products. Their biosynthetic machineries are highly diverse, and reconstitutions lead to the production of unnatural meroterpenoids. In this study, heterologous gene expression in Aspergillus oryzae and in vitro assays elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of the orthoester-containing fungal meroterpenoid austalide F. Remarkably, the α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase AstB produces the hemiacetal intermediate, and the methyltransferase AstL transfers a methyl group on it to construct the orthoester functionality. This study presents the extraordinary orthoester biosynthetic machinery and provides valuable insights into the creation of unnatural novel bioactive meroterpenoids through engineered biosynthesis. This article is part of the theme issue 'Reactivity and mechanism in chemical and synthetic biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wei Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tongxuan Bai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomo Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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19
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Wei X, Chan TK, Kong CTD, Matsuda Y. Biosynthetic Characterization, Heterologous Production, and Genomics-Guided Discovery of GABA-Containing Fungal Heptapeptides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:416-422. [PMID: 36715406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic gene cluster of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing fungal cyclic heptapeptides unguisins A (1) and B (2) was identified in the fungus Aspergillus violaceofuscus CBS 115571. In vitro enzymatic reactions and gene deletion experiments revealed that the unguisin pathway involves the alanine racemase UngC to provide d-alanine, which is then accepted by the first adenylation domain of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) UngA. Intriguingly, the hydrolase UngD was found to transform unguisins into previously undescribed linear peptides. Subsequently, heterologous production of these peptides in Aspergillus oryzae was achieved, in which we established a methodology to readily introduce a large NRPS gene into the fungal host. Finally, genome mining revealed new unguisin congeners, each containing a (2R,3R)-β-methylphenylalanine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Ki Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Che Tung Derek Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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20
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Kirchgaessner L, Wurlitzer JM, Seibold PS, Rakhmanov M, Gressler M. A genetic tool to express long fungal biosynthetic genes. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 36726159 PMCID: PMC9893682 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary metabolites (SMs) from mushroom-forming fungi (Basidiomycota) and early diverging fungi (EDF) such as Mucoromycota are scarcely investigated. In many cases, production of SMs is induced by unknown stress factors or is accompanied by seasonable developmental changes on fungal morphology. Moreover, many of these fungi are considered as non-culturable under laboratory conditions which impedes investigation into SM. In the post-genomic era, numerous novel SM genes have been identified especially from EDF. As most of them encode multi-module enzymes, these genes are usually long which limits cloning and heterologous expression in traditional hosts. RESULTS An expression system in Aspergillus niger is presented that is suitable for the production of SMs from both Basidiomycota and EDF. The akuB gene was deleted in the expression host A. niger ATNT∆pyrG, resulting in a deficient nonhomologous end-joining repair mechanism which in turn facilitates the targeted gene deletion via homologous recombination. The ∆akuB mutant tLK01 served as a platform to integrate overlapping DNA fragments of long SM genes into the fwnA locus required for the black pigmentation of conidia. This enables an easy discrimination of correct transformants by screening the transformation plates for fawn-colored colonies. Expression of the gene of interest (GOI) is induced dose-dependently by addition of doxycycline and is enhanced by the dual TetON/terrein synthase promoter system (ATNT) from Aspergillus terreus. We show that the 8 kb polyketide synthase gene lpaA from the basidiomycete Laetiporus sulphureus is correctly assembled from five overlapping DNA fragments and laetiporic acids are produced. In a second approach, we expressed the yet uncharacterized > 20 kb nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene calA from the EDF Mortierella alpina. Gene expression and subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis of mycelial extracts revealed the production of the antimycobacterial compound calpinactam. This is the first report on the heterologous production of a full-length SM multidomain enzyme from EDF. CONCLUSIONS The system allows the assembly, targeted integration and expression of genes of > 20 kb size in A. niger in one single step. The system is suitable for evolutionary distantly related SM genes from both Basidiomycota and EDF. This uncovers new SM resources including genetically intractable or non-culturable fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Kirchgaessner
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.418398.f0000 0001 0143 807XDepartment Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.413047.50000 0001 0658 7859Faculty Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Ernst Abbe University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jacob M. Wurlitzer
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.418398.f0000 0001 0143 807XDepartment Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Paula S. Seibold
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.418398.f0000 0001 0143 807XDepartment Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Malik Rakhmanov
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.418398.f0000 0001 0143 807XDepartment Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Gressler
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.418398.f0000 0001 0143 807XDepartment Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
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21
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Chiang CY, Ohashi M, Tang Y. Deciphering chemical logic of fungal natural product biosynthesis through heterologous expression and genome mining. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:89-127. [PMID: 36125308 PMCID: PMC9906657 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2022Heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has become a widely used tool for genome mining of cryptic pathways, bottom-up investigation of biosynthetic enzymes, and engineered biosynthesis of new natural product variants. In the field of fungal natural products, heterologous expression of a complete pathway was first demonstrated in the biosynthesis of tenellin in Aspergillus oryzae in 2010. Since then, advances in genome sequencing, DNA synthesis, synthetic biology, etc. have led to mining, assignment, and characterization of many fungal BGCs using various heterologous hosts. In this review, we will highlight key examples in the last decade in integrating heterologous expression into genome mining and biosynthetic investigations. The review will cover the choice of heterologous hosts, prioritization of BGCs for structural novelty, and how shunt products from heterologous expression can reveal important insights into the chemical logic of biosynthesis. The review is not meant to be exhaustive but is rather a collection of examples from researchers in the field, including ours, that demonstrates the usefulness and pitfalls of heterologous biosynthesis in fungal natural product discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Chiang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yi Tang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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Li XY, Lv JM, Cao ZQ, Wang GQ, Lin FL, Chen GD, Qin SY, Hu D, Gao H, Yao XS. Biosynthetic characterization of the antifungal fernane-type triterpenoid polytolypin for generation of new analogues via combinatorial biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:851-857. [PMID: 36602159 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fernane-type triterpenoids are a small group of natural products mainly found in plants and fungi with a wide range of biological activities. Polytolypin is a representative fernane-type triterpenoid from fungi and possesses potent antifungal activity. So far, biosynthesis of fungal-derived fernane-type triterpenoids has not been characterized, which hinders the expansion of their structural diversity using biosynthetic approaches. Herein, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of polytolypin and elucidated its biosynthetic pathway through heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1, which involves a new triterpene cyclase for the biosynthesis of the hydrocarbon skeleton motiol, followed by multiple oxidations via three P450 enzymes. Moreover, two new triterpene cyclases for the biosynthesis of two other fernane-type skeletons isomotiol and fernenol were identified from fungi, and were individually co-expressed with the three P450 enzymes involved in polytolypin biosynthesis. These studies led to the generation of 13 fernane-type triterpenoids including eight new compounds, and two of them showed stronger antifungal activity towards Candida albicans FIM709 than polytolypin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhi-Qin Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Fu-Long Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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23
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Promsuk G, Vuttipongchaikij S, Prommarit K, Suttangkakul A, Lazarus CM, Wonnapinij P, Wattana-Amorn P. Anthranilic Acid Accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Expression of a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene from Paecilomyces cinnamomeus BCC 9616. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200573. [PMID: 36250803 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of nrps33, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene, from Paecilomyces cinnamomeus BCC 9616 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae unexpectedly resulted in the accumulation of anthranilic acid, an intermediate in tryptophan biosynthesis. Based on transcriptomic and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results, expression of nrps33 affected the transcription of tryptophan biosynthesis genes especially TRP1 which is also the selectable auxotrophic marker for the expression vector used in this work. The product of nrps33 could inhibit the activity of Trp4 involved in the conversion of anthranilate to N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate and therefore caused the accumulation of anthranilic acid. This accumulation could in turn result in down-regulation of downstream tryptophan biosynthesis genes. Anthranilic acid is typically produced by chemical synthesis and has been used as a substrate for synthesising bioactive compounds including commercial drugs; our results could provide a new biological platform for production of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunlatida Promsuk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Kamonchat Prommarit
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Anongpat Suttangkakul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Colin M Lazarus
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Centre for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Wattana-Amorn
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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24
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Jiang L, Lv K, Zhu G, Lin Z, Zhang X, Xing C, Yang H, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu C, Qu X, Hsiang T, Zhang L, Liu X. Norditerpenoids biosynthesized by variediene synthase-associated P450 machinery along with modifications by the host cell Aspergillus oryzae. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1142-1147. [PMID: 36101897 PMCID: PMC9440366 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical diversity of terpenoids is typically established by terpene synthase-catalyzed cyclization and diversified by post-tailoring modifications. Fungal bifunctional terpene synthase (BFTS) associated P450 enzymes have shown significant catalytic potentials through the development of various new terpenoids with different biological activities. This study discovered the BFTS and its related gene cluster from the plant endophytic fungus Didymosphaeria variabile 17020. Heterologous expression of the BFTS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the characterization of a major product diterpene variediene (1), along with two new minor products neovariediene and neoflexibilene. Further heterologous expression of the BFTS and one cytochrome P450 enzyme VndE (CYP6138B1) in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 led to the identification of seven norditerpenoids (19 carbons) with a structurally unique 5/5 bicyclic ring system. Interestingly, in vivo experiments suggested that the cyclized terpene variediene (1) was modified by VndE along with the endogenous enzymes from the host cell A. oryzae through serial chemical conversions, followed by multi-site hydroxylation via A. oryzae endogenous enzymes. Our work revealed that the two-enzymes biosynthetic system and host cell machinery could produce structurally unique terpenoids.
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25
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Zhou C, Cao X, Ge Y, Wu X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Dickschat JS, Wu B. Talaropeptins A and B, Tripeptides with an N- trans-Cinnamoyl Moiety from the Marine-Derived Fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus CX11. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2620-2625. [PMID: 36318598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of talaropeptins A (1) and B (2), tripeptides with an unusual 5/6/5 heterocyclic scaffold and an N-trans-cinnamoyl moiety, which were identified from the marine-derived fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus CX11. A bioinformatic analysis of the genome of T. purpureogenus CX11 and gene inactivation revealed that the biosynthesis of talaropeptins involves a nonribosomal peptide synthase gene cluster. Their chemical structures were elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by electronic circular dichroism calculations and Marfey's method. The plausible biosynthesis of 1 and 2 is also proposed on the basis of gene deletion, substrate feeding, and heterologous expression. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum with MIC values of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzeng Zhou
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Cao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yichao Ge
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zunjing Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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26
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Chiang YM, Lin TS, Wang CCC. Total Heterologous Biosynthesis of Fungal Natural Products in Aspergillus nidulans. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2484-2518. [PMID: 36173392 PMCID: PMC9621686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal natural products comprise a wide range of bioactive compounds including important drugs and agrochemicals. Intriguingly, bioinformatic analyses of fungal genomes have revealed that fungi have the potential to produce significantly more natural products than what have been discovered so far. It has thus become widely accepted that most biosynthesis pathways of fungal natural products are silent or expressed at very low levels under laboratory cultivation conditions. To tap into this vast chemical reservoir, the reconstitution of entire biosynthetic pathways in genetically tractable fungal hosts (total heterologous biosynthesis) has become increasingly employed in recent years. This review summarizes total heterologous biosynthesis of fungal natural products accomplished before 2020 using Aspergillus nidulans as heterologous hosts. We review here Aspergillus transformation, A. nidulans hosts, shuttle vectors for episomal expression, and chromosomal integration expression. These tools, collectively, not only facilitate the discovery of cryptic natural products but can also be used to generate high-yield strains with clean metabolite backgrounds. In comparison with total synthesis, total heterologous biosynthesis offers a simplified strategy to construct complex molecules and holds potential for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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27
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Chen L, Wei X, Matsuda Y. Depside Bond Formation by the Starter-Unit Acyltransferase Domain of a Fungal Polyketide Synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19225-19230. [PMID: 36223511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depsides are polyphenolic molecules comprising two or more phenolic acid derivatives linked by an ester bond, which is called a depside bond in these molecules. Despite more than a century of intensive research on depsides, the biosynthetic mechanism of depside bond formation remains unclear. In this study, we discovered a polyketide synthase, DrcA, from the fungus Aspergillus duricaulis CBS 481.65 and found that DrcA synthesizes CJ-20,557 (1), a heterodimeric depside composed of 3-methylorsellinic acid and 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid. Moreover, we determined that depside bond formation is catalyzed by the starter-unit acyltransferase (SAT) domain of DrcA. Remarkably, this is a previously undescribed form of SAT domain chemistry. Further investigation revealed that 1 is transformed into duricamidepside (2), a depside-amino acid conjugate, by the single-module nonribosomal peptide synthetase DrcB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xingxing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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28
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Huang JH, Lv JM, Xiao LY, Xu Q, Lin FL, Wang GQ, Chen GD, Qin SY, Hu D, Gao H. Characterization of a new fusicoccane-type diterpene synthase and an associated P450 enzyme. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1396-1402. [PMID: 36262672 PMCID: PMC9551204 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusicoccane-type terpenoids are a subgroup of diterpenoids featured with a unique 5-8-5 ring system. They are widely distributed in nature and possess a variety of biological activities. Up to date, only five fusicoccane-type diterpene synthases have been identified. Here, we identify a two-gene biosynthetic gene cluster containing a new fusicoccane-type diterpene synthase gene tadA and an associated cytochrome P450 gene tadB from Talaromyces wortmannii ATCC 26942. Heterologous expression reveals that TadA catalyzes the formation of a new fusicoccane-type diterpene talaro-7,13-diene. D2O isotope labeling combined with site-directed mutagenesis indicates that TadA might employ a different C2,6 cyclization strategy from the known fusicoccane-type diterpene synthases, in which a neutral intermediate is firstly formed and then protonated by an environmental proton. In addition, we demonstrate that the associated cytochrome P450 enzyme TadB is able to catalyze multiple oxidation of talaro-7,13-diene to yield talaro-6,13-dien-5,8-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang-Yan Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fu-Long Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China,
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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29
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Jiang L, Yang H, Zhang X, Li X, Lv K, Zhang W, Zhu G, Liu C, Wang Y, Hsiang T, Zhang L, Liu X. Schultriene and nigtetraene: two sesterterpenes characterized from pathogenetic fungi via genome mining approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6047-6057. [PMID: 36040489 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal bifunctional terpene synthases (BFTSs) have been reported to contribute to the biosynthesis of a variety of di/sesterterpenes via different carbocation transportation pathways. Genome mining of new BFTSs from unique fungal resources will, theoretically, allow for the identification of new terpenes. In this study, we surveyed the distribution of BFTSs in our in-house collection of 430 pathogenetic fungi and preferred two BFTSs (CsSS and NnNS), long distance from previously characterized BFTSs and located in relatively independent branches, based on the established phylogenetic tree. The heterologous expression of the two BFTSs in Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to the identification of two new sesterterpenes separately, 5/12/5 tricyclic type-A sesterterpene (schultriene, 1) for CsSS and 5/11 bicyclic type-B sesterterpene (nigtetraene, 2) for NnNS. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, 2 is the first 5/11 bicyclic type-B characterized sesterterpene to date. On the basis of this, the plausible cyclization mechanisms of 1 and 2 were proposed based on density functional theory calculations. These new enzymes and their corresponding terpenes suggest that the chemical spaces produced by BFTSs remain large and also provide important evidences for further protein engineering for new terpenes and for understanding of cyclization mechanism catalyzed by BFTSs. KEY POINTS: • Genome mining of two BFTSs yields two new sesterterpenoids correspondingly. • Identification of the first 5/11 ring system type-B product. • Parse out the rational cyclization mechanism of isolated sesterterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangjie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Qi J, Han H, Sui D, Tan S, Liu C, Wang P, Xie C, Xia X, Gao JM, Liu C. Efficient production of a cyclic dipeptide (cyclo-TA) using heterologous expression system of filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:146. [PMID: 35843946 PMCID: PMC9290255 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclic dipeptides are an important class of natural products owing to their structural diversity and biological activities. In fungi, the cyclo-ring system is formed through the condensation of two α-amino acids via non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). However, there are few investigations on the functional identification of this enzyme. Additionally, information on how to increase the production of cyclic dipeptide molecules is relatively scarce. Results We isolated the Eurotium cristatum NWAFU-1 fungus from Jing-Wei Fu brick tea, whose fermentation metabolites contain echinulin-related cyclic dipeptide molecules. We cloned the cirC gene, encoding an NRPS, from E. Cristatum NWAFU-1 and transferred it into the heterologous host Aspergillus oryzae. This transformant produced a novel metabolite possessing an l-tryptophan-l-alanine cyclic dipeptide backbone (Cyclo-TA). Based on the results of heterologous expression and microsomal catalysis, CriC is the first NRPS characterized in fungi that catalyzes the formation of a cyclic dipeptide from l-tryptophan and l-alanine. After substrate feeding, the final yield reached 34 mg/L. In this study, we have characterized a novel NRPS and developed a new method for cyclic dipeptide production. Conclusions In this study we successfully expressed the E. Cristatum NWAFU-1 criC gene in A. oryzae to efficiently produce cyclic dipeptide compounds. Our findings indicate that the A. oryzae heterologous expression system constitutes an efficient method for the biosynthesis of fungal Cyclic dipeptides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01872-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150040, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dan Sui
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shengnan Tan
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarbinHeilongjiang, 150040, China.
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31
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Mózsik L, Iacovelli R, Bovenberg RAL, Driessen AJM. Transcriptional Activation of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Filamentous Fungi. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:901037. [PMID: 35910033 PMCID: PMC9335490 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are highly productive cell factories, many of which are industrial producers of enzymes, organic acids, and secondary metabolites. The increasing number of sequenced fungal genomes revealed a vast and unexplored biosynthetic potential in the form of transcriptionally silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Various strategies have been carried out to explore and mine this untapped source of bioactive molecules, and with the advent of synthetic biology, novel applications, and tools have been developed for filamentous fungi. Here we summarize approaches aiming for the expression of endogenous or exogenous natural product BGCs, including synthetic transcription factors, assembly of artificial transcription units, gene cluster refactoring, fungal shuttle vectors, and platform strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Mózsik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Iacovelli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roel A. L. Bovenberg
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Cell Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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32
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Chen L, Tang JW, Liu YY, Matsuda Y. Aspcandine: A Pyrrolobenzazepine Alkaloid Synthesized by a Fungal Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase-Polyketide Synthase Hybrid. Org Lett 2022; 24:4816-4819. [PMID: 35748771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of an orphan biosynthetic gene cluster found in the fungus Aspergillus candidus CBS 102.13 resulted in the discovery of a pyrrolobenzazepine alkaloid, aspcandine (1). The unique molecular scaffold of 1 is synthesized by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase hybrid AcdB, which unusually incorporates 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine as a building block. AcdB subsequently performs one round of chain elongation using malonyl-CoA, which is followed by the chain release to furnish the tricyclic system of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian-Wei Tang
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Yee Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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33
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Pham MT, Chen SR, Liang SY, Cheng YB, Lin HC. Biosynthesis of Piperazine-Derived Diazabicyclic Alkaloids Involves a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase and Subsequent Tailoring by a Multifunctional Cytochrome P450 Enzyme. Org Lett 2022; 24:4064-4069. [PMID: 35617650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine-derived diazabicycles are privileged structures found in natural products and synthetic chemical entities, including therapeutic agents. Herein, we deciphered the biosynthesis of two unique classes of diazabicyclic alkaloids, fischerazines A-C. Notably, we characterized a multifunctional P450 monooxygenase NfiC that installs ortho-dihydroxyl groups on the dibenzyl-piperazines, in turn triggering a range of NfiC-catalyzed and spontaneous cyclization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Truc Pham
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Shu-Rong Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Suh-Yuen Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
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34
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Ninomiya A, Urayama SI, Hagiwara D. Antibacterial diphenyl ether production induced by co-culture of Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4169-4185. [PMID: 35595930 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites with potent biological activities. Co-culturing a fungus with another microorganism has drawn much attention as a practical method for stimulating fungal secondary metabolism. However, in most cases, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of secondary metabolite production in co-culture are poorly understood. To elucidate such a mechanism, in this study, we established a model fungal-fungal co-culture system, composed of Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus. In the co-culture of A. nidulans and A. fumigatus, production of antibacterial diphenyl ethers was enhanced. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-sequencing showed that the co-culture activated expression of siderophore biosynthesis genes in A. fumigatus and two polyketide biosynthetic gene clusters (the ors and cic clusters) in A. nidulans. Gene disruption experiments revealed that the ors cluster is responsible for diphenyl ether production in the co-culture. Interestingly, the ors cluster was previously reported to be upregulated by co-culture of A. nidulans with the bacterium Streptomyces rapamycinicus; orsellinic acid was the main product of the cluster in that co-culture. In other words, the main product of the ors cluster was different in fungal-fungal and bacterial-fungal co-culture. The genes responsible for biosynthesis of the bacterial- and fungal-induced polyketides were deduced using a heterologous expression system in Aspergillus oryzae. The molecular genetic mechanisms that trigger biosynthesis of two different types of compounds in A. nidulans in response to the fungus and the bacterium were demonstrated, which provides an insight into complex secondary metabolic response of fungi to microorganisms. KEY POINTS: • Co-culture of two fungal species triggered antibiotic diphenyl ether production. • The co-culture affected expression levels of several genes for secondary metabolism. • Gene cluster essential for induction of the antibiotics production was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ninomiya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Syun-Ichi Urayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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35
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CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing and Its Application in Aspergillus Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050467. [PMID: 35628723 PMCID: PMC9143064 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus, a genus of filamentous fungi, is extensively distributed in nature and plays crucial roles in the decomposition of organic materials as an important environmental microorganism as well as in the traditional fermentation and food processing industries. Furthermore, due to their strong potential to secrete a large variety of hydrolytic enzymes and other natural products by manipulating gene expression and/or introducing new biosynthetic pathways, several Aspergillus species have been widely exploited as microbial cell factories. In recent years, with the development of next-generation genome sequencing technology and genetic engineering methods, the production and utilization of various homo-/heterologous-proteins and natural products in Aspergillus species have been well studied. As a newly developed genome editing technology, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been used to edit and modify genes in Aspergilli. So far, the CRISPR/Cas9-based approach has been widely employed to improve the efficiency of gene modification in the strain type Aspergillus nidulans and other industrially important and pathogenic Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus. This review highlights the current development of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technology and its application in basic research and the production of recombination proteins and natural products in the Aspergillus species.
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36
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Genome Mining of α-Pyrone Natural Products from Ascidian-Derived Fungus Amphichordafelina SYSU-MS7908. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050294. [PMID: 35621945 PMCID: PMC9146101 DOI: 10.3390/md20050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing ascidian-derived fungus Amphichorda felina SYSU-MS7908 under standard laboratory conditions mainly yielded meroterpenoid, and nonribosomal peptide-type natural products. We sequenced the genome of Amphichorda felina SYSU-MS7908 and found 56 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) after bioinformatics analysis, suggesting that the majority of those BGCSs are silent. Here we report our genome mining effort on one cryptic BGC by heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1, and the identification of two new α-pyrone derivatives, amphichopyrone A (1) and B (2), along with a known compound, udagawanone A (3). Anti-inflammatory activities were performed, and amphichopyrone A (1) and B (2) displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values 18.09 ± 4.83 and 7.18 ± 0.93 μM, respectively.
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37
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38
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Yuan SW, Chen SH, Guo H, Chen LT, Shen HJ, Liu L, Gao ZZ. Elucidation of the Complete Biosynthetic Pathway of Phomoxanthone A and Identification of a Para-Para Selective Phenol Coupling Dimerase. Org Lett 2022; 24:3069-3074. [PMID: 35442692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes have been shown to catalyze regio- and stereoselective oxidative intermolecular phenol coupling. However, an enzyme capable of catalyzing undirected para-para (C4-4') coupling has not been reported. Here, we revealed the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of phomoxanthone A from the marine fungus Diaporthe sp. SYSU-MS4722. We heterologously expressed 14 biosynthetic genes in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 and found that PhoCDEFGHK is involved in the early stage of phomoxanthone A biosynthesis to give chrysophanol and that chrysophanol is then processed by PhoBJKLMNP to yield penexanthone B. A feeding experiment suggested that PhoO, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, catalyzed the regioselective oxidative para-para coupling of penexanthone B to give phomoxanthone A. The mechanism of PhoO represents a novel enzymatic 4,4'-linkage dimerization method for tetrahydroxanthone formations, which would facilitate biosynthetic engineering of structurally diverse 4,4'-linked dimeric tetrahydroxanthones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wen Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sen-Hua Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heng Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Tong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Jie Shen
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zhi-Zeng Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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39
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Zhao Q, Zhuang Z, Liu T, Yang Q, He QL, Liu W, Lin GQ. Unsymmetrically Regioselective Homodimerization Depends on the Subcellular Colocalization of Laccase/Fasciclin Protein in the Biosynthesis of Phlegmacins. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:791-796. [PMID: 35274920 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phlegmacins are homodimeric dihydroanthracenone natural products featuring two torosachrysone monomers unsymmetrically conjugated by 7,10'-coupling. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of phlegmacins in ascomycete Talaromyces sp. F08Z-0631. On the basis of the heterologous reconstitution of the phlegmacin pathway in Aspergillus oryzae, we demonstrated an unprecedented laccase-involved unsymmetrically regioselective oxidative coupling reaction. The association of laccase PhlC and the fasciclin partner protein PhlB was verified to be indispensable for the coupling activity. Intriguingly, both proteins can be transferred and located independently at the mitochondrial membrane. Notably, only their subcellular colocalization led to the occurrence of oxidative dimerization. These observations add new insights into the poorly understood catalytic mechanisms of various laccases involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, particularly those functioning with variable partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfei Zhao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng Zhuang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 7 Pengfei Road, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing-Li He
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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40
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Tang J, Matsuda Y. Discovery of branching meroterpenoid biosynthetic pathways in Aspergillus insuetus: involvement of two terpene cyclases with distinct cyclization modes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10361-10369. [PMID: 36277653 PMCID: PMC9473517 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching meroterpenoid biosynthetic pathways were discovered in the fungus Aspergillus insuetus CBS 107.25, in which two terpene cyclases, InsA7 and InsB2, accept the same substrate but generate distinctly cyclized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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41
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Xiao ZH, Dong J, Li A, Dai JM, Li YP, Hu QF, Shao LD, Matsuda Y, Wang WG. Biocatalytic and chemical derivatization of fungal meroditerpenoid chevalone E. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal meroditerpenoids include diverse molecules with structural complexity and a broad range of biological activities. We have previously obtained meroditerpenoid chevalone E (1) and its oxidized analogues by heterologously expressing...
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42
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de Mattos-Shipley KMJ, Lazarus CM, Williams K. Investigating Fungal Biosynthetic Pathways Using Heterologous Gene Expression: Aspergillus oryzae as a Heterologous Host. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2489:23-39. [PMID: 35524043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2273-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A suite of molecular techniques have been developed in recent decades, which allow gene clusters coding for the biosynthesis of fungal natural products to be investigated and characterized in great detail. Many of these involve the manipulation of the native producer, for example, to increase yields of natural products or investigate the biosynthetic pathway through gene disruptions. However, an alternative and powerful means of investigating biosynthetic pathways, which does not rely on a cooperative native host, is the refactoring and heterologous expression of pathways in a suitable host strain. This protocol aims to walk the reader through the various steps required for the heterologous expression of a fungal biosynthetic gene cluster, specifically using Aspergillus oryzae strain NSAR1 and the pTYGS series of expression vectors. Briefly, this process involves the design and construction of up to four multigene expression vectors using yeast recombination, PEG-mediation transformation of A. oryzae protoplasts, and chemical extraction of the resulting transformants to screen for the presence of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin M Lazarus
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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43
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Li X, Awakawa T, Mori T, Ling M, Hu D, Wu B, Abe I. Heterodimeric Non-heme Iron Enzymes in Fungal Meroterpenoid Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21425-21432. [PMID: 34881885 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Talaromyolides (1-6) are a group of unusual 6/6/6/6/6/6 hexacyclic meroterpenoids with (3R)-6-hydroxymellein and 4,5-seco-drimane substructures, isolated from the marine fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus. We have identified the biosynthetic gene cluster tlxA-J by heterologous expression in Aspergillus, in vitro enzyme assays, and CRISPR-Cas9-based gene inactivation. Remarkably, the heterodimer of non-heme iron (NHI) enzymes, TlxJ-TlxI, catalyzes three steps of oxidation including a key reaction, hydroxylation at C-5 and C-9 of 12, the intermediate with 3-ketohydroxydrimane scaffold, to facilitate a retro-aldol reaction, leading to the construction of the 4,5-secodrimane skeleton and characteristic ketal scaffold of 1-6. The products of TlxJ-TlxI, 1 and 4, were further hydroxylated at C-4'β by another NHI heterodimer, TlxA-TlxC, and acetylated by TlxB to yield the final products, 3 and 6. The X-ray structural analysis coupled with site-directed mutagenesis provided insights into the heterodimer TlxJ-TlxI formation and its catalysis. This is the first report to show that two NHI proteins form a heterodimer for catalysis and utilizes a novel methodology to create functional oxygenase structures in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Meiqi Ling
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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44
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Shenouda ML, Ambilika M, Cox RJ. Trichoderma reesei Contains a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster That Encodes the Antifungal Agent Ilicicolin H. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1034. [PMID: 34947016 PMCID: PMC8705728 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The trili biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) from the well-studied organism Trichoderma reesei was studied by heterologous expression in the fungal host Aspergillus oryzae. Coexpression of triliA and triliB produces two new acyl tetramic acids. Addition of the ring-expanding cytochrome P450 encoded by triliC then yields a known pyridone intermediate to ilicicolin H and a new chain-truncated shunt metabolite. Finally, addition of the intramolecular Diels-Alderase encoded by triliD affords a mixture of 8-epi ilicicolin H and ilicicolin H itself, showing that the T. reesei trili BGC encodes biosynthesis of this potent antifungal agent. Unexpected A. oryzae shunt pathways are responsible for the production of the new compounds, emphasising the role of fungal hosts in catalysing diversification reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Shenouda
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.L.S.); (M.A.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Maria Ambilika
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.L.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Russell J. Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.L.S.); (M.A.)
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Meng X, Fang Y, Ding M, Zhang Y, Jia K, Li Z, Collemare J, Liu W. Developing fungal heterologous expression platforms to explore and improve the production of natural products from fungal biodiversity. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107866. [PMID: 34780934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural products from fungi represent an important source of biologically active metabolites notably for therapeutic agent development. Genome sequencing revealed that the number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungi is much larger than expected. Unfortunately, most of them are silent or barely expressed under laboratory culture conditions. Moreover, many fungi in nature are uncultivable or cannot be genetically manipulated, restricting the extraction and identification of bioactive metabolites from these species. Rapid exploration of the tremendous number of cryptic fungal BGCs necessitates the development of heterologous expression platforms, which will facilitate the efficient production of natural products in fungal cell factories. Host selection, BGC assembly methods, promoters used for heterologous gene expression, metabolic engineering strategies and compartmentalization of biosynthetic pathways are key aspects for consideration to develop such a microbial platform. In the present review, we summarize current progress on the above challenges to promote research effort in the relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Mingyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Kaili Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhongye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jérôme Collemare
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Wei X, Matsuyama T, Sato H, Yan D, Chan PM, Miyamoto K, Uchiyama M, Matsuda Y. Molecular and Computational Bases for Spirofuranone Formation in Setosusin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17708-17715. [PMID: 34644070 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The 3(2H)-furanone unit is observed in many biologically active natural products, as represented by the antifungal medication griseofulvin. Setosusin (1) is a fungal meroditerpenoid featuring a unique spiro-fused 3(2H)-furanone moiety; however, the biosynthetic basis for spirofuranone formation has not been investigated since its isolation. Therefore, in this study we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of 1 in the fungus Aspergillus duricaulis CBS 481.65 and elucidated its biosynthetic pathway by heterologous reconstitution of related enzyme activities in Aspergillus oryzae. To understand the reaction mechanism to afford spirofuranone, we subsequently performed a series of in vivo and in vitro isotope-incorporation experiments and theoretical calculations. The results indicated that SetF, the cytochrome P450 enzyme that is critical for spirofuranone synthesis, not only performs the epoxidation of the polyketide portion of the substrate but also facilitates the protonation-initiated structural rearrangement to yield 1. Finally, a mutagenesis experiment using SetF identified Lys303 as one of the potential catalytic residues that are important for spirofuranone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Taro Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Dexiu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Man Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Genome Editing Technology and Its Application Potentials in the Industrial Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080638. [PMID: 34436177 PMCID: PMC8399504 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that has been used in traditional Japanese brewing industries, such as the sake, soy sauce, and miso production. In addition, A. oryzae has been used in heterologous protein production, and the fungus has been recently used in biosynthetic research due to its ability to produce a large amount of heterologous natural products by introducing foreign biosynthetic genes. Genetic manipulation, which is important in the functional development of A. oryzae, has mostly been limited to the wild strain RIB40, a genome reference suitable for laboratory analysis. However, there are numerous industrial brewing strains of A. oryzae with various specialized characteristics, and they are used selectively according to the properties required for various purposes such as sake, soy sauce, and miso production. Since the early 2000s, genome editing technologies have been developed; among these technologies, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have been applied to gene modification in A. oryzae. Notably, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has dramatically improved the efficiency of gene modification in industrial strains of A. oryzae. In this review, the development of genome editing technology and its application potentials in A. oryzae are summarized.
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Jiang J, Li X, Mori T, Awakawa T, Abe I. Novel Cyclohexyl Meroterpenes Produced by Combinatorial Biosynthesis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:444-446. [PMID: 33952854 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Structurally diverse fungal meroterpenoids are promising drug seed compounds. To obtain unnatural, novel meroterpene scaffolds, we tested combinatorial biosynthesis by co-expressing functionally distinct terpene cyclase (TPC) genes, pyr4, ascF, andB, or cdmG, with the biosynthetic genes for the production of a TPC substrate, (10'R)-epoxyfarnesyl-dimethylorsellinic acid-3,5-methyl ester, in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 as a heterologous host. As a result, all of the tested TPCs afforded the same two novel mono-cyclization products. This study provides important information on the substrate scope of the TPCs, and will contribute to the production of unnatural, novel molecules for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Jiang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Xinyang Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
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49
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Daba GM, Mostafa FA, Elkhateeb WA. The ancient koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae) as a modern biotechnological tool. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:52. [PMID: 38650252 PMCID: PMC10992763 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) is a filamentous micro-fungus that is used from centuries in fermentation of different foods in many countries all over the world. This valuable fungus is also a rich source of many bioactive secondary metabolites. Moreover, A. oryzae has a prestigious secretory system that allows it to secrete high concentrations of proteins into its culturing medium, which support its use as biotechnological tool in veterinary, food, pharmaceutical, and industrial fields. This review aims to highlight the significance of this valuable fungus in food industry, showing its generosity in production of nutritional and bioactive metabolites that enrich food fermented by it. Also, using A. oryzae as a biotechnological tool in the field of enzymes production was described. Furthermore, domestication, functional genomics, and contributions of A. oryzae in functional production of human pharmaceutical proteins were presented. Finally, future prospects in order to get more benefits from A. oryzae were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghoson M Daba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Researches Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Faten A Mostafa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Researches Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Waill A Elkhateeb
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Researches Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
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50
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Awakawa T, Abe I. Reconstitution of Polyketide-Derived Meroterpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Aspergillus oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060486. [PMID: 34208768 PMCID: PMC8235479 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterologous gene expression system with Aspergillus oryzae as the host is an effective method to investigate fungal secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways for reconstruction to produce un-natural molecules due to its high productivity and genetic tractability. In this review, we focus on biosynthetic studies of fungal polyketide-derived meroterpenoids, a group of bioactive natural products, by means of the A. oryzae heterologous expression system. The heterologous expression methods and the biosynthetic reactions are described in detail for future prospects to create un-natural molecules via biosynthetic re-design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Awakawa
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (I.A.)
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