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Jiang X, Zhang B, Gou Q, Cai R, Sun C, Li J, Yang N, Wen C. Variations in seminal microbiota and their functional implications in chickens adapted to high-altitude environments. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103932. [PMID: 38972291 PMCID: PMC11263954 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Seminal fluid, once believed to be sterile, is now recognized as constituting a complex and dynamic environment inhabited by a diverse community of micro-organisms. However, research on the seminal microbiota in chickens is limited, and microbiota variations among different chicken breeds remain largely unexplored. In this study, we collected semen samples from Beijing You Chicken (BYC) and Tibetan Chicken (TC) and explored the characteristics of the microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, we collected cloacal samples from the TC to control for environmental contamination. The results revealed that the microbial communities in the semen were significantly different from those in the cloaca. Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota were the predominant phyla in BYC and TC semen, respectively, with Lactobacillus and Phyllobacterium being the dominant genera in each group. Additionally, the seminal microbiota of BYC exhibited greater richness and evenness than that of TC. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated significant intergroup differences between the seminal microbiotas of BYC and TC. Subsequently, by combining linear discriminant analysis effect size and random forest analyses, we identified Lactobacillus as the predominant microorganism in BYC semen, whereas Phyllobacterium dominated in TC semen. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis revealed a more intricate network in the BYC group than in the TC group. Additionally, unique microbial functional characteristics were observed in each breed, with TC exhibiting metabolic features potentially associated with their ability to adapt to high-altitude environments. The results of this study emphasized the unique microbiota present in chicken semen, which may be influenced by genetics and evolutionary history. Significant variations were observed between low-altitude and high-altitude breeds, highlighting the breed-specific implications of the seminal microbiota for reproduction and high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Boxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Qinli Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ronglang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Junying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Chaoliang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China.
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Grande G, Graziani A, De Toni L, Garolla A, Ferlin A. Male Tract Microbiota and Male Infertility. Cells 2024; 13:1275. [PMID: 39120306 PMCID: PMC11312145 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have analyzed the composition of the male genital tract microbiota and its changes in infertility or in different situations associated with infertility. The aim of this narrative review is to obtain more insight on this topic; in particular, to describe actual evidence about changes in the semen microbiota in patients with infertility, male tract infections, or HPV infections. In semen, an increase in semen Prevotella spp. is associated with oligozoospermia and with obesity-associated asthenozoospermia; an increase in Pseudomonas is more frequently associated with asthenozoospermia and oligozoospermia; a reduction in Lactobacilli spp. (namely in Lactobacillus crispatus) may represent a marker of low semen quality. However, an increase in Lactobacillus iners is considered a risk factor for a reduced sperm concentration. In patients with prostatitis, there is a reduction in Lactobacillus spp. and an increase in Streptococcus spp., opening important perspectives about the role of probiotic treatments in these patients. Finally, an increase in Fusobacteria spp. was observed in patients with an HPV infection. In the conclusion, we underline the interactions between the seminal and vaginal microbiota, so that further studies should focus on the "couple genital microbiota".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.G.); (L.D.T.); (A.G.)
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Henkel R. Leukocytospermia and/or Bacteriospermia: Impact on Male Infertility. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2841. [PMID: 38792382 PMCID: PMC11122306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a globally underestimated public health concern affecting almost 190 million people, i.e., about 17.5% of people during their lifetime, while the prevalence of male factor infertility is about 7%. Among numerous other causes, the prevalence of male genital tract infections reportedly ranges between 10% and 35%. Leukocytospermia is found in 30% of infertile men and up to 20% in fertile men. Bacterial infections cause an inflammatory response attracting leukocytes, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release cytokines, both of which can cause damage to sperm, rendering them dysfunctional. Although leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia are both clinical conditions that can negatively affect male fertility, there is still debate about their impact on assisted reproduction outcomes and management. According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, leukocytes should be determined by means of the Endtz test or with monoclonal antibodies against CD15, CD68 or CD22. The cut-off value proposed by the WHO is 1 × 106 peroxidase-positive cells/mL. For bacteria, Gram staining and semen culture are regarded as the "gold standard", while modern techniques such as PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are allowing clinicians to detect a wider range of pathogens. Whereas the WHO manual does not specify a specific value as a cut-off for bacterial contamination, several studies consider semen samples with more than 103 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL as bacteriospermic. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to sperm dysfunction include direct interaction of bacteria with the male germ cells, bacterial release of spermatotoxic substances, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS, all of which lead to oxidative stress. Clinically, bacterial infections, including "silent" infections, are treatable, with antibiotics being the treatment of choice. Yet, non-steroidal antiphlogistics or antioxidants should also be considered to alleviate inflammatory lesions and improve semen quality. In an assisted reproduction set up, sperm separation techniques significantly reduce the bacterial load in the semen. Nonetheless, contamination of the semen sample with skin commensals should be prevented by applying relevant hygiene techniques. In patients where leukocytospermia is detected, the causes (e.g. infection, inflammation, varicocele, smoking, etc.) of the leukocyte infiltration have to be identified and addressed with antibiotics, anti-inflammatories or antioxidants in cases where high oxidative stress levels are detected. However, no specific strategy is available for the management of leukocytospermia. Therefore, the relationship between bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia as well as their specific impact on functional sperm parameters and reproductive outcome variables such as fertilization or clinical pregnancy must be further investigated. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the current knowledge on leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia and their impact on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Henkel
- LogixX Pharma Ltd., Merlin House, Brunel Road, Theale, Reading RG7 4AB, UK;
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Corral-Vazquez C, Blanco J, Sarrate Z, Anton E. Unraveling the Intricacies of the Seminal Microbiome and Its Impact on Human Fertility. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38534419 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the microbial communities from seminal fluid were an unexplored field some decades ago, their characteristics and potential roles are gradually coming to light. Therefore, a complex and specific microbiome population with commensal niches and fluctuating species has started to be revealed. In fact, certain clusters of bacteria have been associated with fertility and health, while the outgrowth of several species is potentially correlated with infertility indicators. This constitutes a compelling reason for outlining the external elements that may induce changes in the seminal microbiome composition, like lifestyle factors, gut microbiota, pathologies, prebiotics, and probiotics. In this review, we summarize the main findings about seminal microbiome, its origins and composition, its relationship with fertility, health, and influence factors, while reminding readers of the limitations and advantages introduced from technical variabilities during the experimental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Corral-Vazquez
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Blanco
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Zaida Sarrate
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Anton
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Colella M, Topi S, Palmirotta R, D'Agostino D, Charitos IA, Lovero R, Santacroce L. An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1486. [PMID: 37511861 PMCID: PMC10381901 DOI: 10.3390/life13071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is intended to deepen our knowledge to date regarding the functions of the resident microbiota/microbiome in the urinary system for human health and disease. First, we sought to report the general characteristics (composition and stability) of the normal urinary system microbiota in the different anatomical sites in relation to some factors such as the effect of age, gender and diet, analyzing in detail the functions and the composition of the microbiota in the light of current knowledge. Several pieces of evidence suggest the importance of preserving the micro-ecosystem of the urinary system, and in some cases their relationship with diseases is important for maintaining human health is well understood. The female and male reproductive microbiota have mainly been studied over the past decade. In the past, the arrest was thought to have taken place in a sterile environment. Microorganisms of the microbiota form biofilms, three-dimensional structures, that differ in the reproductive organs and interact with both gametes and the embryo as well as with maternal tissues. These biofilms from the reproductive system also interact with others, such as that of the gastrointestinal tract. Reduction in its diversity intestinal microbiota can disrupt estrogen metabolism and affect the reproductive microbiota. It is therefore understood that its quantitative and qualitative identification is important for microbiota, but also the study of the structures formed by the microorganisms. A dysbiosis with local or systemic causes can lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining microbial population harmony (eubiosis) and preventing certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system was also investigated. A negative variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of certain strains of microorganisms (dysbiosis) due to local or systemic causes can even lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining the healthy balance of microorganism populations (eubiosis), and thus in the prevention of certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system, has also been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Colella
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan "A. Xhuvani", 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Donato D'Agostino
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan "A. Xhuvani", 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri (IRCCS), Section of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Lovero
- AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Clinical Pathology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan "A. Xhuvani", 3001 Elbasan, Albania
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Veneruso I, Cariati F, Alviggi C, Pastore L, Tomaiuolo R, D'Argenio V. Metagenomics Reveals Specific Microbial Features in Males with Semen Alterations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1228. [PMID: 37372408 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility incidence is rising worldwide, with male infertility accounting for about 50% of cases. To date, several factors have been associated with male infertility; in particular, it has been suggested that semen microbiota may play a role. Here, we report the NGS-based analyses of 20 semen samples collected from men with (Case) and without (Control) semen alterations. Genomic DNA was extracted from each collected sample, and a specific PCR was carried out to amplify the V4-V6 regions of the 16S rRNA. Sequence reactions were carried out on the MiSeq and analyzed by specific bioinformatic tools. We found a reduced richness and evenness in the Case versus the Control group. Moreover, specific genera, the Mannheimia, the Escherichia_Shigella, and the Varibaculum, were significantly increased in the Case compared to the Control group. Finally, we highlighted a correlation between the microbial profile and semen hyperviscosity. Even if further studies are required on larger groups of subjects to confirm these findings and explore mechanistic hypotheses, our results confirm the correlation between semen features and seminal microbiota. These data, in turn, may open the way to the possible use of semen microbiota as an attractive target for developing novel strategies for infertility management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Veneruso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Cariati
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Roma, Italy
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Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Maftei R, Scripcariu IS, Armeanu T, Stoian IL, Ilea C. A Narrative Review Discussing Vasectomy-Related Impact upon the Status of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers and Semen Microbiota. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072671. [PMID: 37048754 PMCID: PMC10095584 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Male contraceptive approaches besides tubal sterilization involve vasectomy and represent the method of choice among midlife men in developing countries thanks to many advantages. However, the subsidiary consequences of this intervention are insufficiently explored since the involved mechanisms may offer insight into a much more complex picture. Methods: Thus, in this manuscript, we aimed to reunite all available data by searching three separate academic database(s) (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus) published in the past two decades by covering the interval 2000–2023 and using a predefined set of keywords and strings involving “oxidative stress” (OS), “inflammation”, and “semen microbiota” in combination with “humans”, “rats”, and “mice”. Results: By following all evidence that fits in the pre-, post-, and vasectomy reversal (VR) stages, we identified a total of n = 210 studies from which only n = 21 were finally included following two procedures of eligibility evaluation. Conclusions: The topic surrounding this intricate landscape has created debate since the current evidence is contradictory, limited, or does not exist. Starting from this consideration, we argue that further research is mandatory to decipher how a vasectomy might disturb homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Maftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Sadyie Scripcariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Theodora Armeanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Liviana Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
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Suarez Arbelaez MC, Israeli JM, Tipton CD, Loloi J, Deebel N, Leong JY, Ramasamy R. Pilot Study: Next-generation Sequencing of the Semen Microbiome in Vasectomized Versus Nonvasectomized Men. Eur Urol Focus 2023; 9:75-82. [PMID: 36396563 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately half a million vasectomies are performed every year in the USA. There is a paucity of literature on the impact of male sterilization on the semen microbiome and whether it prompts microbiota dysbiosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate if vasectomy induces changes in the seminal microbiome via comparison of semen samples from men before and after vasectomy, and if the seminal microbiome profiles for vasectomized men follow a particular pattern with respect to diversity and abundance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From July 2021 to February 2022, we prospectively collected and analyzed semen samples from 58 men at one outpatient clinic. Eighteen men provided a semen sample before and 3 mo after vasectomy. We also collected semen samples from 22 fertile nonvasectomized men and from a further 18 vasectomized men at 3 mo after vasectomy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Semen microbiome α-diversity, beta-diversity, and relative abundance were compared initially between paired and then between unpaired vasectomized and nonvasectomized samples. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), permutational multivariate ANOVA, and analysis of the composition of microbiomes with bias correction were used to assess differences. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In both paired and unpaired sets of samples, a decreasing trend for α-diversity in semen after vasectomy was observed. Shannon diversity, the relative abundance of species with an abundance >2%, and composition were not significantly changed. Sphingomonas, Brevundimonas, and Paracoccus abundance decreased after vasectomy, while Corynebacterium abundance increased. The results may be limited by the sample size and lack of demographic heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Vasectomy is followed by a decrease in α-diversity and changes in the relative abundance of bacterial species in the semen microbiome. Further investigation is necessary to understand the clinical significance of these changes after vasectomy. PATIENT SUMMARY We evaluated changes in the bacteria species in semen after vasectomy. We found that vasectomy decreased the richness and evenness of bacteria species in semen, but the overall bacterial community remained similar. Further studies are needed to assess the implications of changes in semen bacteria after vasectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M Israeli
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Craig D Tipton
- RTL Genomics, MicroGen DX, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Justin Loloi
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Deebel
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joon Yau Leong
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Gachet C, Prat M, Burucoa C, Grivard P, Pichon M. Spermatic Microbiome Characteristics in Infertile Patients: Impact on Sperm Count, Mobility, and Morphology. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061505. [PMID: 35329834 PMCID: PMC8952859 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Through sperm alteration, semen microbiota tend to be recognized as a cause of infertility, but due to the limited number of studies focusing on this ecological niche, this hypothesis remains controversial. This study aimed to characterize and compare the bacterial communities of sperm samples from patients undergoing couple infertility treatment at the time of diagnosis. The study was prospective (September 2019 to March 2020), monocentric, and focused on alterations of spermatic parameters: count, motility, and morphology. After the amplification of the 16S rDNA (V1 to V3), libraries (n = 91, including 53 patients with abnormalities) were sequenced using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). After quality control processing using a homemade pipeline (QIIME2 modules), the main genera were: Prevotella, Finegoldia, Pseudomonas, Peptinophilus, Streptococcus, Anaerococcus and Corynebacterium. Restricted diversity was observed in samples from patients with abnormal sperm morphology (α-diversity, p < 0.05), whereas diversity increased in patients with an abnormal sperm count (β-diversity, p < 0.05). The enrichment of the genus Prevotella and Haemophilus was observed in negative sperm culture samples and samples with abnormal counts, respectively (p < 0.05). Microbiota differed in their composition according to sperm parameters. Finally, this work highlights the need for the optimization of the management of couples undergoing infertility treatment, possibly by modulating the genital microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gachet
- Laboratory of Andrology and Medically Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.G.); (P.G.)
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Manon Prat
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
- INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1070 Pharmacology of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Grivard
- Laboratory of Andrology and Medically Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Maxime Pichon
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
- INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1070 Pharmacology of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-5-49-444-143
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10
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The Semen Microbiome and Semen Parameters in Healthy Stallions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050534. [PMID: 35268102 PMCID: PMC8908834 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stallion infertility is a major cause of concern in the horse industry. Despite zootechnics advances, sub- or infertile animals appear in stud farms without a toxic, genetic, or nutritional reason. Recent research in human andrology has opened the door for a new, plausible factor that affects sperm quality: seminal microflora. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of evidence regarding the relationship between different seminal flora compositions and male fertility. However, little has been studied in veterinary science, including horses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine associations with the presence of bacteria families in horse semen with five sperm quality parameters: concentration, total number of spermatozoa, total and progressive sperm motility, and DNA fragmentation. Our study detected a correlation between the presence of the Peptoniphilaceae family and higher total motility and the presence of Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI and lower progressive motility. These changes in seminal flora may contribute to the idiopathically poorer sperm quality in certain animals. Although further mechanisms behind bacteria–spermatozoa interactions are unknown, these associations are already leading to a new therapeutic approach to infertility: the use of prebiotics, which has already yielded promising results in human andrology. Abstract Despite the advances in reproductive technology, there is still a considerable number of low sperm quality cases in stallions. Recent studies in humans have detected several seminal microflora–spermatozoa associations behind some idiopathic infertility cases. However, no studies are available on horses, and there is limited information on the microflora present in stallion ejaculates. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine associations to the presence of bacteria families with five sperm quality parameters: concentration, total number of spermatozoa, total and progressive motility, and DNA fragmentation. Samples were cryopreserved after their extraction. High-speed homogenization using grinding media was performed for cell disruption. Family identification was performed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial families were only considered if the relative abundance was higher than 1%. Only two families appeared to have a correlation with two sperm quality parameters. Peptoniphilaceae correlated positively with total sperm motility, whereas Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI correlated negatively with progressive motility. No significant differences were found for the rest of the parameters. In conclusion, the seminal microbiome may affect spermatozoa activity. Our findings are based on statistical associations; thus, further studies are needed to understand the internal interactions between seminal flora and cells.
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11
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Das S, Roychoudhury S, Roychoudhury S, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Role of Infection and Leukocytes in Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:115-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Ho CLT, Vaughan-Constable DR, Ramsay J, Jayasena C, Tharakan T, Yap T, Whiteman I, Graham N, Minhas S, Homa ST. The relationship between genitourinary microorganisms and oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters in infertile men. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14322. [PMID: 34817086 DOI: 10.1111/and.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is emerging as a contributing factor to male infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between genitourinary microorganisms and seminal oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters. It included 770 men attending for diagnostic testing for subfertility. Genitourinary microorganisms were identified in 43.0% men; 20.1% had microorganisms in semen; 18.7% in urine; and 5.8% had microorganisms in urine and semen. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent organism in semen (22.0% samples; 61.5% organisms) with Ureaplasma spp. (16.9% samples; 53.3% organisms) and Gardnerella vaginalis (11.4% samples; 37.4% organisms) most prevalent in urine. Semen parameters were unaffected by microorganisms (p > 0.05). Seminal ROS were significantly higher in men with microorganisms compared to those without (p < 0.001), particularly when present in both urine and semen (p < 0.01). Microorganisms were associated with significantly higher DNA fragmentation, irrespective of whether they were in semen or urine (p < 0.001). An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is associated with DNA damage and oxidative stress which may have considerable consequences for achieving an ongoing pregnancy. This highlights the need for incorporating genitourinary microorganism screening for all men as part of diagnostic evaluation prior to undergoing treatment for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lok Tung Ho
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Ramsay
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Channa Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tet Yap
- Department of Urology, Guys and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sheryl T Homa
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Andrology Solutions, London, UK
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13
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Voroshilina ES, Zornikov DL, Ivanov AV, Pochernikov DG, Panacheva EA. Microbiota of semen samples with normozoospermia: analysis of real-time PCR data. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2021.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of semen microbiota is difficult due to the lack of established criteria for interpretation of microbiological tests. The aim of the study was to determine the stable clusters of semen microbiota analyzed by real-time PCR in samples with normozoospermia. Semen samples of 227 men with normal spermiograms were included in the study. The quantity of total bacterial DNA and at least one group of microorganisms was more than 103 GE/ml in 107 (41.7%) samples. Four stable microbiota clusters with the prevalence of a specific microorganism group were distinguished in these samples: obligate anaerobes (OA) cluster (proportion in the centroid — 81.1%); Lactobacillus spp. cluster (proportion in the centroid — 64.3%); gram-positive facultative anaerobes (GPFA) cluster (proportion in the centroid — 92.5%); Enterobacteriaceae/Enterococcoccus (EE) cluster (proportion in the centroid — 80.8%). The clusters were ranked by frequency of occurrence: OA cluster was the most prevalent (43 (40.2%) of 107), second-most frequent were GPFA-cluster (27 (25.2%)) and Lactobacillus-cluster (22 (20.6%)). EE-dominated cluster was found in 15 (14.0%) cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DL Zornikov
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - AV Ivanov
- Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - EA Panacheva
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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14
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Quiñones-Pérez C, Hidalgo M, Ortiz I, Crespo F, Vega-Pla JL. Characterization of the seminal bacterial microbiome of healthy, fertile stallions using next-generation sequencing. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20200052. [PMID: 34394753 PMCID: PMC8356074 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing studies have shown the important role microbial communities play in the male reproductive tract, indicating differences in the semen microbial composition between fertile and infertile males. Most of these studies were made on human beings but little is known regarding domestic animals. Seminal bacteria studies made in stallions mostly focus on pathogenic bacteria and on their impact on reproductive technology. However, little is known about stallion commensal seminal microflora. That ultimately hinders our capacity to associate specific bacteria to conditions or seminal quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the seminal microbial composition of 12 healthy, fertile stallion using next-generation sequencing. Hypervariable region V3 was chosen for bacterial identification. A total of nine phyla was detected. The most abundant ones were Bacteroidetes (46.50%), Firmicutes (29.92%) and Actinobacteria (13.58%). At family level, we found 69 bacterial families, but only nine are common in all samples. Porphyromonadaceae (33.18%), Peptoniphilaceae (14.09%), Corynebacteriaceae (11.32%) and Prevotellaceae (9.05%) were the most representative ones, while the Firmicutes phylum displayed the highest number of families (23, a third of the total). Samples showed high inter-subject variability. Findings previously described in other species notably differ from our findings. Families found in human such as Lactobacillaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Streptococcaceae only represented a 0.00%, 0.17% and 0.22% abundance in our samples, respectively. In conclusion, Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae, Peptoniphilaceae and Corynebacteriaceae families are highly represented in the seminal microbiome of healthy, fertile stallions. A high variation among individuals is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Quiñones-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Córdoba, España
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
| | - Isabel Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
| | - Francisco Crespo
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Ávila, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Ávila, España
| | - José Luis Vega-Pla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Córdoba, España
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15
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Tuominen H, Rautava J, Kero K, Syrjänen S, Collado MC, Rautava S. HPV infection and bacterial microbiota in the semen from healthy men. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:373. [PMID: 33882835 PMCID: PMC8059035 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant microbiota composition has been linked to disease development at numerous anatomical sites. Microbiota changes in reaction to viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), have been investigated almost exclusively in the female reproductive tract. However, HPV infection may also affect male health by reducing semen quality and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate whether present HPV DNA is associated with detectable changes in semen bacterial microbiota composition and diversity. METHODS This study relied on stored semen samples from 31 fertile healthy men who participated in the Finnish family HPV Study during the years 1998-2001. DNA was extracted from semen with PCR template preparation kit. HPV was genotyped using Luminex-based Multimetrix® assay. Microbiota was analyzed from the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA gene following sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. All statistical analyses were performed with Calypso software version 8.84. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 19.4% (6/31) of the semen samples. HPV status in the semen did not impact the α-diversity estimations, as measured by Chao1 and Shannon indices, nor ß-diversity. Nevertheless, HPV-positive semen samples exhibited differences in the taxonomic composition of the bacterial microbiota including higher abundances of Moraxellaceae (p = 0.028), Streptococcus (p = 0.0058) and Peptostreptococcus (p = 0.012) compared to HPV-negative semen samples. CONCLUSION HPV infection is associated with altered bacterial microbiota composition in semen, and this might have in impact to male health in general. As of present, it is unclear whether these changes result from HPV infection or whether altered bacterial microbiota increases susceptibility to HPV infection. More research is needed on viral-bacterial interactions in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tuominen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Kero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku & Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Science, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku & Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Restrepo Arenas V, Velásquez Rivera V, Puerta Suárez J, Cardona Maya WD. Flujo vaginal y semen: La microbiota de las relaciones sexuales. Rev Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ResumenDurante las relaciones sexuales, se da el intercambio de especies bacterianas entre las parejas, siendo las relaciones sexuales un factor crucial en la modificación de la microbiota genital. En el presente artículo de reflexión, se analizó el efecto de las relaciones sexuales sobre el intercambio de la microbiota vaginal y seminal. Las parejas que sostienen relaciones sexuales sin protección comparten especies bacterianas que podrían influir negativamente o positivamente sobre los parámetros seminales, como los Lactobacillus con potencial probiótico para el mantenimiento de la calidad del semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Restrepo Arenas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Grupo de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Valentina Velásquez Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Grupo de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jenniffer Puerta Suárez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Grupo de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Walter D. Cardona Maya
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Grupo de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
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17
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Voroshilina ES, Zornikov DL, Ivanov AV, Pochernikov DG, Panacheva EA. Semen microbiota: cluster analysis of real-time PCR data. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To this day semen microbiota is still poorly understood, and clinical significance of detecting specific microorganism groups has not been clearly determined. The aim of this work was to conduct cluster analysis of semen microbiota detected using real-time PCR. 634 semen samples of reproductive age men were analyzed using the Androflor kit. Microbial DNA in the quantity of no less than 103 GE/ml was detected in 460 samples (72.5%). From 1 to 14 microorganism groups were detected in 350 samples (55.2%) in the quantities that exceeded the threshold values (the detection rate of specific groups: 3.3–21.0%). In these 350 samples 4 stable microbiota clusters were determined. Each of the clusters was characterized by the prevalence of a specific microorganism group: obligate anaerobes (cluster 1; n = 172; detection rate — 49.1%), Lactobacillus spp. (cluster 2; n = 78; detection rate — 22.3%), gram-positive facultative anaerobes (cluster 3; n = 62; detection rate — 17.7%), Enterobacteriaceae / Enterococcoccus (cluster 4; n = 62; detection rate — 10.9%). Cluster 1 was less stable and was characterized by the larger species diversity compared to other clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- ES Voroshilina
- Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of health, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Medical Center "Garmonia", Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - DL Zornikov
- Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of health, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - AV Ivanov
- Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - EA Panacheva
- Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of health, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Medical Center "Garmonia", Yekaterinburg, Russia
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18
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A pilot RNA-seq study in 40 pietrain ejaculates to characterize the porcine sperm microbiome. Theriogenology 2020; 157:525-533. [PMID: 32971422 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome plays a key role in homeostasis and health and it has been also linked to fertility and semen quality in several animal species including swine. Despite the more than likely importance of sperm bacteria on the boar's reproductive ability and the dissemination of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes, the high throughput characterization of the swine sperm microbiome remains scarce. We carried RNA-seq on 40 ejaculates each from a different Pietrain boar and found that a proportion of the sequencing reads did not map to the Sus scrofa genome. The current study aimed at using these reads not belonging to pig to carry a pilot study to profile the boar sperm bacterial population and its relation with 7 semen quality traits. We found that the boar sperm contains a broad population of bacteria. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (39.1%), Firmicutes (27.5%), Actinobacteria (14.9%) and Bacteroidetes (5.7%). The predominant species contaminated sperm after ejaculation from soil, faeces and water sources (Bacillus megaterium, Brachybacterium faecium, Bacillus coagulans). Some potential pathogens were also found but at relatively low levels (Escherichia coli, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). We also identified 3 potential antibiotic resistant genes from E. coli against chloramphenicol, Neisseria meningitidis against spectinomycin and Staphylococcus aureus against linezolid. None of these genes were highly abundant. Finally, we classified the ejaculates into categories according to their bacterial features and semen quality parameters and identified two categories that significantly differed for 5 semen quality traits and 13 bacterial features including the genera Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas and Rhodobacter. Our results show that boar semen contains a bacterial community, including potential pathogens and putative antibiotic resistance genes, and that these bacteria may affect its reproductive performance.
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Farsimadan M, Motamedifar M. Bacterial infection of the male reproductive system causing infertility. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103183. [PMID: 32853846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections play a disruptive and hidden role in male reproductive failure. Different kinds of bacteria are often able to interfere with reproductive function in both sexes and lead to infertility. In this study, to further evaluate the role of bacterial infections in male reproduction we provided an extensive overview of so far researches investigating the effects of bacterial infections on male fertility. We searched Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases to identify the potentially relevant studies on bacterial infections and their implications in male infertility. All the bacteria included in this article have negative effects on the male reproductive function; however, there is ample evidence to blame bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma and Staphylococcus aureus for reduced fertility and deterioration of sperm parameters. More studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which different bacteria exert their detrimental effects on male reproductive system. Getting more insight into probable mechanisms, would significantly facilitate the production of new, advanced, and effective remedies in the future. In view of all evidence, we strongly suggest increasing awareness among people and considering screening programs for patients seeking fertility both to avoid transmission and to improve fertility outcomes among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Farsimadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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20
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Osadchiy V, Mills JN, Mayer EA, Eleswarapu SV. The Seminal Microbiome and Male Factor Infertility. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2020; 12:202-207. [PMID: 33746642 DOI: 10.1007/s11930-020-00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Focusing on studies published within the last decade, we review the literature on the seminal microbiome and male factor infertility. We highlight potential mechanisms by which microbes may impact fertility and underscore key limitations and clinical implications of these studies. Recent Findings The seminal microbiome encompasses a metabolically and phylogenetically diverse group of microorganisms. Lactobacillus was consistently associated with normal semen analysis parameters and fertility; Anaerococcus was negatively associated with semen quality. These microbes may participate in a complex cross-talk with the host immune system, thereby modulating local and perhaps systemic inflammatory responses, impacting semen quality. Summary Research investigating the intersection between the seminal microbiome and male fertility is still in its infancy. Recent investigations have been exclusively cross-sectional, correlational studies, limiting the clinical applicability of published research. Prospective studies with more sophisticated methodologies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Osadchiy
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Sriram V Eleswarapu
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Koedooder R, Mackens S, Budding A, Fares D, Blockeel C, Laven J, Schoenmakers S. Identification and evaluation of the microbiome in the female and male reproductive tracts. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:298-325. [PMID: 30938752 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of an extensive microbiome in and on the human body has increasingly dominated the scientific literature during the last decade. A shift from culture-dependent to culture-independent identification of microbes has occurred since the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, whole genome shotgun and metagenomic sequencing. These sequencing analyses have revealed the presence of a rich diversity of microbes in most exposed surfaces of the human body, such as throughout the reproductive tract. The results of microbiota analyses are influenced by the technical specifications of the applied methods of analyses. Therefore, it is difficult to correctly compare and interpret the results of different studies of the same anatomical niche. OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the currently used techniques and the reported microbiota compositions in the different anatomical parts of the female and male reproductive tracts since the introduction of NGS in 2005. This is crucial to understand and determine the interactions and roles of the different microbes necessary for successful reproduction. SEARCH METHODS A search in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of science, Cochrane and Google scholar was conducted. The search was limited to English language and studies published between January 2005 and April 2018. Included articles needed to be original microbiome research related to the reproductive tracts. OUTCOMES The review provides an extensive up-to-date overview of current microbiome research in the field of human reproductive medicine. The possibility of drawing general conclusions is limited due to diversity in the execution of analytical steps in microbiome research, such as local protocols, sampling methods, primers used, sequencing techniques and bioinformatic pipelines, making it difficult to compare and interpret results of the available studies. Although some microbiota are associated with reproductive success and a good pregnancy outcome, it is still unknown whether a causal link exists. More research is needed to further explore the possible clinical implications and therapeutic interventions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS For the field of reproductive medicine, determination of what is a favourable reproductive tract microbiome will provide insight into the mechanisms of both unsuccessful and successful human reproduction. To increase pregnancy chances with live birth and to reduce reproduction-related health costs, future research could focus on postponing treatment or conception in case of the presence of unfavourable microbiota and on the development of therapeutic interventions, such as microbial therapeutics and lifestyle adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Koedooder
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shari Mackens
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andries Budding
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiat Fares
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Blockeel
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joop Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Swanson GM, Moskovtsev S, Librach C, Pilsner JR, Goodrich R, Krawetz SA. What human sperm RNA-Seq tells us about the microbiome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:359-368. [PMID: 31902104 PMCID: PMC7056791 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was designed to assess the capacity of human sperm RNA-seq data to gauge the diversity of the associated microbiome within the ejaculate. METHODS Semen samples were collected, and semen parameters evaluated at time of collection. Sperm RNA was isolated and subjected to RNA-seq. Microbial composition was determined by aligning sequencing reads not mapped to the human genome to the NCBI RefSeq bacterial, viral and archaeal genomes following RNA-Seq. Analysis of microbial assignments utilized phyloseq and vegan. RESULTS Microbial composition within each sample was characterized as a function of microbial associated RNAs. Bacteria known to be associated with the male reproductive tract were present at similar levels in all samples representing 11 genera from four phyla with one exception, an outlier. Shannon diversity index (p < 0.001) and beta diversity (unweighted UniFrac distances, p = 9.99e-4; beta dispersion, p = 0.006) indicated the outlier was significantly different from all other samples. The outlier sample exhibited a dramatic increase in Streptococcus. Multiple testing indicated two operational taxonomic units, S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae (p = 0.009), were present. CONCLUSION These results provide a first look at the microbiome as a component of human sperm RNA sequencing that has sufficient sensitivity to identify contamination or potential pathogenic bacterial colonization at least among the known contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Swanson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | | | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Robert Goodrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Štšepetova J, Baranova J, Simm J, Parm Ü, Rööp T, Sokmann S, Korrovits P, Jaagura M, Rosenstein K, Salumets A, Mändar R. The complex microbiome from native semen to embryo culture environment in human in vitro fertilization procedure. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:3. [PMID: 31948459 PMCID: PMC6966866 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few microbial studies have conducted in IVF (in vitro fertilization), showing the high-variety bacterial contamination of IVF culture media to cause damage to or even loss of cultured oocytes and embryos. We aimed to determine the prevalence and counts of bacteria in IVF samples, and to associate them with clinical outcome. METHODS The studied samples from 50 infertile couples included: raw (n = 48), processed (n = 49) and incubated (n = 50) sperm samples, and IVF culture media (n = 50). The full microbiome was analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative analysis by real-time quantitative PCR. Descriptive statistics, t-, Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman's correlation were used for comparison of studied groups. RESULTS The study involved normozoospermic men. Normal vaginal microbiota was present in 72.0% of female partners, while intermediate microbiota and bacterial vaginosis were diagnosed in 12.0 and 16.0%, respectively. The decreasing bacterial loads were found in raw (35.5%), processed (12.0%) and sperm samples used for oocyte insemination (4.0%), and in 8.0% of IVF culture media. The most abundant genera of bacteria in native semen and IVF culture media were Lactobacillus, while in other samples Alphaproteobacteria prevailed. Staphylococcus sp. was found only in semen from patients with inflammation. Phylum Bacteroidetes was in negative correlation with sperm motility and Alphaproteobacteria with high-quality IVF embryos. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that IVF does not occur in a sterile environment. The prevalent bacteria include classes Bacilli in raw semen and IVF culture media, Clostridia in processed and Bacteroidia in sperm samples used for insemination. The presence of Staphylococcus sp. and Alphaproteobacteria associated with clinical outcomes, like sperm and embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Štšepetova
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61B, 50410, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Juliana Baranova
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Simm
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ülle Parm
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiiu Rööp
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sandra Sokmann
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paul Korrovits
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61B, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Andrology Centre, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa 1A, 50416, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Madis Jaagura
- NovaVita Clinic, Tammsaare tee 47, 11316, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61B, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, SF.00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reet Mändar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61B, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
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24
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Altmäe S, Franasiak JM, Mändar R. The seminal microbiome in health and disease. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:703-721. [PMID: 31732723 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the fact that there are more microbial than human cells in our body and that humans contain more microbial than human genes, the microbiome has huge potential to influence human physiology, both in health and in disease. The use of next-generation sequencing technologies has helped to elucidate functional, quantitative and mechanistic aspects of the complex microorganism-host interactions that underlie human physiology and pathophysiology. The microbiome of semen is a field of increasing scientific interest, although this microbial niche is currently understudied compared with other areas of microbiome research. However, emerging evidence is beginning to indicate that the seminal microbiome has important implications for the reproductive health of men, the health of the couple and even the health of offspring, owing to transfer of microorganisms to the partner and offspring. As this field expands, further carefully designed and well-powered studies are required to unravel the true nature and role of the seminal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Reet Mändar
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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25
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The impact of microbiome in urological diseases: a systematic review. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1677-1697. [PMID: 31301004 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The term microbiome is used to signify the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space, in which there were increasing evidences to suggest that they might have potential roles in various medical conditions. While the study of microbiome in the urinary system is not as robust as the systems included in the Human Microbiome Project, there are still evidences in the literature showing that microbiome may have a role in urological diseases. Therefore, we would like to perform a systematic review on the topic and summarize the available evidence on the impact of microbiome on urological diseases. METHODOLOGY This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. After screening 589 abstracts and including additional studies (such as references from review papers), 76 studies were included for review and discussion. RESULTS Studies had suggested that there were correlations of microbiome of different body cavities (e.g., fecal, urinary and seminal fluid) with urological diseases. Also, different diseases would have different microbiome profile in different body cavities. Unfortunately, the studies on the association of microbiome and urological diseases were still either weak or inconsistent. CONCLUSION Studies suggested that there might be some relationship between microbiome and various urological diseases. However, further large-scale studies with control of confounding factors should be performed under a standardized methodology in order to have better understanding of the relationship. Also, more standardized reporting protocol for microbiome studies should be considered for better communications in future studies.
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26
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Parida R. Human MOSPD2: A bacterial Lmb mimicked auto-antigen is involved in immune infertility. J Transl Autoimmun 2019; 1:100002. [PMID: 32743492 PMCID: PMC7388392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibody production is one of the leading factors of immune infertility, an autoimmune disease of the male reproductive system. The potential involvement of MHC-class II derived self-peptides against bacterial proteins in the antisperm antibody (ASA) production has been reported previously. Apparently, Streptococcus agalactiae has been considered as an important pathogen to impart infection-induced infertility in a bacteriospermia associated leukocytospermia (LCS/BS) state. Hence, the present study attempts to confirm S. agalactiae specific Laminin binding protein (Lmb) derived self-peptide ('KDSYTKKAKAFKKEA') namely human Motile Sperm domain-containing protein 2 (MOSPD2) as an auto-antigen in LCS/BS condition. Semen samples were collected from infertile men with LCS/BS (n = 17) and their fertile counterparts (n = 10). Gram-positive bacteria were predominantly identified in the entire 17 LCS samples using culture method followed by 16S rDNA sequencing technique. TLRs 2 and 4 expression used as markers of immune response in spermatozoa and sperm dysfunction were elevated in the LCS/BS spermatozoa as compared to their fertile counterparts. A significant increase in oxidative stress indices i.e., protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation and acridine orange test (AOT), was also observed in the LCS/BS spermatozoa. Spermatozoa lysate (both auto and heterologous), bacterial lysate (control) and synthesized MOSPD2 self-peptide were used to test their antigenicity against the autoantibodies by rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIEP) assay. Seminal plasma from LCS/BS patients with S. agalactiae was used as the source of autoantibodies. Spermatozoa and bacteria lysate; and MOSPD2 self-peptide were able to bind autoantibodies in the seminal plasma. Besides, the self-peptide showed a dose dependent increase in the precipitation of antibody. T-cell epitope mapping of 48 Enterococcus faecalis and 91Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins confirmed MOSPD2 as a global auto-antigen. Thus, augmentation of TLR expression in LCS/BS spermatozoa inferred MOSPD2 to be a putative immunogen. Altogether, these findings will delineate the significance of MOSPD2 auto-antigen in a bacteria derived immune infertility condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Parida
- Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India
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27
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Ma Z, Li L. Semen Microbiome Biogeography: An Analysis Based on a Chinese Population Study. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3333. [PMID: 30804923 PMCID: PMC6371047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating inter-subject heterogeneity (or spatial distribution) of human semen microbiome diversity is of important significance. Theoretically, the spatial distribution of biodiversity constitutes the core of microbiome biogeography. Practically, the inter-subject heterogeneity is crucial for understanding the normal (healthy) flora of semen microbiotas as well as their possible changes associated with abnormal fertility. In this article, we analyze the scaling (changes) of semen microbiome diversity across individuals with DAR (diversity-area relationship) analysis, a recent extension to classic SAR (species-area relationship) law in biogeography and ecology. Specifically, the unit of “area” is individual subject, and the microbial diversity in seminal fluid of an individual (area) is assessed via metagenomic DNA sequencing technique and measured in the Hill numbers. The DAR models were then fitted to the accrued diversity across different number of individuals (area size). We further tested the difference in DAR parameters among the healthy, subnormal, and abnormal microbiome samples in terms of their fertility status based on a cross-sectional study of a Chinese cohort. Given that no statistically significant differences in the DAR parameters were detected among the three groups, we built unified DAR models for semen microbiome by combining the healthy, subnormal, and abnormal groups. The model parameters were used to (i) estimate the microbiome diversity scaling in a population (cohort), and construct the so-termed DAR profile; (ii) predict/construct the maximal accrual diversity (MAD) profile in a population; (iii) estimate the pair-wise diversity overlap (PDO) between two individuals and construct the PDO profile; (iv) assess the ratio of individual diversity to population (RIP) accrual diversity. The last item (RIP) is a new concept we propose in this study, which is essentially a ratio of local diversity to regional or global diversity (LRD/LGD), applicable to general biodiversity investigation beyond human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshan Ma
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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28
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Ricci S, De Giorgi S, Lazzeri E, Luddi A, Rossi S, Piomboni P, De Leo V, Pozzi G. Impact of asymptomatic genital tract infections on in vitro Fertilization (IVF) outcome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207684. [PMID: 30444931 PMCID: PMC6239332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility is estimated to affect approximately 9–30% of reproductive-aged couples. Several conditions involving one or both partners may contribute to infertility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of asymptomatic genital tract infections in the outcome of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in couples with infertility. Methods A total of 285 infertile couples were enrolled in the study. Vaginal/endocervical swabs and semen samples were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis. Spermiograms were carried out on semen specimens, and lactobacilli were quantified in vaginal swabs. Data were associated with IVF results and analysed by using non parametric tests and multivariate analysis. Results Microbiological analysis showed that 46.3% of couples presented with an asymptomatic genital tract infection. Spermiogram results showed a significantly diminished motility of sperm cells in samples positive to microbiological testing compared to negative specimens. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent species (11.6%) in positive semen samples and was found to negatively affect both sperm morphology (p = 0.026) and motility (p = 0.003). Analysis of genital swabs from females showed that the presence of E. faecalis (p<0.0001), Escherichia coli (p = 0.0123), Streptococcus agalactiae (p<0.0001), and Gardnerella vaginalis (p = 0.0003) was significantly associated to reduced levels of vaginal lactobacilli. Association of microbiological data with IVF outcome showed that 85.7% of IVF+ couples was microbiologically negative, while IVF was successful in just 7.5% of couples infected with E. faecalis and/or U. urealyticum and/or M. hominis (p = 0.02). Conclusions The results show the negative impact of E. faecalis on sperm quality and the association of definite bacterial pathogens with reduced levels of vaginal lactobacilli. The presence of E. faecalis and/or U. urealyticum and/or M. hominis in genital samples of infertile couples is predictive for a negative outcome of IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Bacteriology Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefano De Giorgi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Bacteriology Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
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29
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Miller SE, Rizzo AI, Waldbauer JR. Postnovo: Postprocessing Enables Accurate and FDR-Controlled de Novo Peptide Sequencing. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3671-3680. [PMID: 30277077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
De novo sequencing offers an alternative to database search methods for peptide identification from mass spectra. Since it does not rely on a predetermined database of expected or potential sequences in the sample, de novo sequencing is particularly appropriate for samples lacking a well-defined or comprehensive reference database. However, the low accuracy of many de novo sequence predictions has prevented the widespread use of the variety of sequencing tools currently available. Here, we present a new open-source tool, Postnovo, that postprocesses de novo sequence predictions to find high-accuracy results. Postnovo uses a predictive model to rescore and rerank candidate sequences in a manner akin to database search postprocessing tools such as Percolator. Postnovo leverages the output from multiple de novo sequencing tools in its own analyses, producing many times the length of amino acid sequence information (including both full- and partial-length peptide sequences) at an equivalent false discovery rate (FDR) compared to any individual tool. We present a methodology to reliably screen the sequence predictions to a desired FDR given the Postnovo sequence score. We validate Postnovo with multiple data sets and demonstrate its ability to identify proteins that are missed by database search even in samples with paired reference databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Miller
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences , University of Chicago , 5734 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Adriana I Rizzo
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences , University of Chicago , 5734 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Jacob R Waldbauer
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences , University of Chicago , 5734 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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30
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Monteiro C, Marques PI, Cavadas B, Damião I, Almeida V, Barros N, Barros A, Carvalho F, Gomes S, Seixas S. Characterization of microbiota in male infertility cases uncovers differences in seminal hyperviscosity and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia possibly correlated with increased prevalence of infectious bacteria. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12838. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto (I3S); Porto Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP); Porto Portugal
| | - Patrícia I. Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto (I3S); Porto Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP); Porto Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto (I3S); Porto Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP); Porto Portugal
| | - Isabel Damião
- Center of Infertility and Sterility Studies (CEIE); Porto Portugal
| | - Vasco Almeida
- Center of Infertility and Sterility Studies (CEIE); Porto Portugal
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Nuno Barros
- Center for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros; Porto Portugal
| | - Alberto Barros
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto (I3S); Porto Portugal
- Center for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros; Porto Portugal
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Filipa Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto (I3S); Porto Portugal
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Sílvia Gomes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto (I3S); Porto Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP); Porto Portugal
| | - Susana Seixas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto (I3S); Porto Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP); Porto Portugal
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31
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Kenny LC, Kell DB. Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:239. [PMID: 29354635 PMCID: PMC5758600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely considered, in many cases, to involve two separable stages (poor placentation followed by oxidative stress/inflammation), the precise originating causes of preeclampsia (PE) remain elusive. We have previously brought together some of the considerable evidence that a (dormant) microbial component is commonly a significant part of its etiology. However, apart from recognizing, consistent with this view, that the many inflammatory markers of PE are also increased in infection, we had little to say about immunity, whether innate or adaptive. In addition, we focused on the gut, oral and female urinary tract microbiomes as the main sources of the infection. We here marshall further evidence for an infectious component in PE, focusing on the immunological tolerance characteristic of pregnancy, and the well-established fact that increased exposure to the father's semen assists this immunological tolerance. As well as these benefits, however, semen is not sterile, microbial tolerance mechanisms may exist, and we also review the evidence that semen may be responsible for inoculating the developing conceptus (and maybe the placenta) with microbes, not all of which are benign. It is suggested that when they are not, this may be a significant cause of PE. A variety of epidemiological and other evidence is entirely consistent with this, not least correlations between semen infection, infertility and PE. Our view also leads to a series of other, testable predictions. Overall, we argue for a significant paternal role in the development of PE through microbial infection of the mother via insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Kenny
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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32
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Younes JA, Lievens E, Hummelen R, van der Westen R, Reid G, Petrova MI. Women and Their Microbes: The Unexpected Friendship. Trends Microbiol 2017; 26:16-32. [PMID: 28844447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Communities of microbiota have been associated with numerous health outcomes, and while much emphasis has been placed on the gastrointestinal niche, there is growing interest in the microbiome specific for female reproductive health and the health of their offspring. The vaginal microbiome plays an essential role not only in health and dysbiosis, but also potentially in successful fertilization and healthy pregnancies. In addition, microbial communities have been isolated from formerly forbidden sterile niches such as the placenta, breast, uterus, and Fallopian tubes, strongly suggesting an additional microbial role in women's health. A combination of maternally linked prenatal, birth, and postnatal factors, together with environmental and medical interventions, influence early and later life through the microbiome. Here, we review the role of microbes in female health focusing on the vaginal tract and discuss how male and female reproductive microbiomes are intertwined with conception and how mother-child microbial transfer is a key determinant in infant health, and thus the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Younes
- Winclove Probiotics, 11 Hulstweg, 1032 LB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elke Lievens
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ruben Hummelen
- McMaster University, Department of Family Medicine, 100 Main Street West Hamilton, ON L8P 1H6, Canada
| | - Rebecca van der Westen
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor Reid
- Human Microbiology and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada; Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, and Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mariya I Petrova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Efecto de las bacterias uropatógenas y de los factores solubles de su metabolismo sobre la calidad espermática: Escherichia coli y Enterococcus faecalis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Korhonen CJ, Srinivasan S, Huang D, Ko DL, Sanders EJ, Peshu NM, Krieger JN, Muller CH, Coombs RW, Fredricks DN, Graham SM. Semen Bacterial Concentrations and HIV-1 RNA Shedding Among HIV-1-Seropositive Kenyan Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 74:250-257. [PMID: 27861240 PMCID: PMC5305287 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV-1 is transmitted through semen from men to their sexual partners. Genital infections can increase HIV-1 RNA shedding in semen, but shedding also occurs in the absence of typical pathogens. We hypothesized that higher bacterial concentrations in semen would be associated with higher HIV-1 RNA levels. METHODS We analyzed semen samples from 42 HIV-1-seropositive Kenyan men using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess bacterial concentrations and real-time PCR to measure HIV-1 RNA levels. Generalized estimation equations were used to evaluate associations between these 2 measures. Broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR with pyrosequencing was performed on a subset of 13 samples to assess bacterial community composition. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in 96.6% of 88 samples by quantitative PCR. Semen bacterial concentration and HIV-1 RNA levels were correlated 0.30 (P = 0.01). The association between bacterial concentration and HIV-1 RNA detection was not significant after adjustment for antiretroviral therapy (ART) (adjusted odds ratio: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.91). Factors associated with semen bacterial concentration included insertive anal sex (adjusted beta 0.92, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.73) and ART use (adjusted beta: -0.77, 95% CI: -1.50 to 0.04). Among 13 samples with pyrosequencing data, Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were most frequently detected. CONCLUSION Most of these HIV-1-infected men had bacteria in their semen. ART use was associated with undetectable semen HIV-1 RNA and lower semen bacterial concentrations, whereas insertive anal sex was associated with higher bacterial concentrations. Additional studies evaluating the relationship between semen bacteria, inflammation, mucosal immunity, and HIV-1 shedding are needed to understand implications for HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, WA
| | - Dandi Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daisy L. Ko
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, WA
| | - Eduard J. Sanders
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Norbert M. Peshu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, WA
- Medicine
- Microbiology; and
| | - Susan M. Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medicine
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Osborne BJW, Marsh AK, Huibner S, Shahabi K, Liu C, Contente T, Nagelkerke NJD, Kovacs C, Benko E, Price L, MacDonald KS, Kaul R. Clinical and Mucosal Immune Correlates of HIV-1 Semen Levels in Antiretroviral-Naive Men. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx033. [PMID: 28534034 PMCID: PMC5421353 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was done to characterize parameters associated with semen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load (VL) variability in HIV-infected, therapy-naive men. Methods Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 30 HIV-infected, therapy-naive men who have sex with men, and 13 participants were observed longitudinally for up to 1 year. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA, bacterial load by 16S RNA, herpesvirus (Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) shedding, and semen cytokines/chemokines were quantified, and semen T-cell subsets were assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. Results Semen HIV RNA was detected at 93% of visits, with >50% of men shedding high levels of virus (defined as >5000 copies/mL). In the baseline cross-sectional analysis, an increased semen HIV VL correlated with local CMV reactivation, the semen bacterial load, and semen inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-8. T cells in semen were more activated than blood, and there was an increased frequency of Th17 cells and γδ-T-cells. Subsequent prospective analysis demonstrated striking interindividual variability in HIV and CMV shedding patterns, and only semen IL-8 levels and the blood VL were independently associated with semen HIV levels. Conclusions Several clinical and immune parameters were associated with increased HIV semen levels in antiretroviral therapy-naive men, with induction of local proinflammatory cytokines potentially acting as a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angie K Marsh
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanja Huibner
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamnoosh Shahabi
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindy Liu
- Center for Microbiomics and Human Health, Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| | - Tania Contente
- Center for Microbiomics and Human Health, Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Lance Price
- Center for Microbiomics and Human Health, Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| | - Kelly S MacDonald
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Mändar R, Punab M, Korrovits P, Türk S, Ausmees K, Lapp E, Preem JK, Oopkaup K, Salumets A, Truu J. Seminal microbiome in men with and without prostatitis. Int J Urol 2017; 24:211-216. [PMID: 28147438 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To profile the seminal microbiome applying next generation sequencing. METHODS Semen samples of 67 men were involved in the study (21 men with and 46 men without prostatitis). Seminal microbiomes were profiled applying the method that uses combinatorial sequence tags attached to polymerase chain reaction primers that amplify the ribosomal ribonucleic acid V6 region. Amplified polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced using an Illumina paired-end protocol on HiSeq2000 platform. RESULTS The most abundant phylum in semen was Firmicutes, comprising nearly half of the sequences found (median 41.7%, quartiles 28.5-47.2%) followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The counts of lactobacilli were higher in healthy men than prostatitis patients (27% [20.2-34.6%] vs 20.2% [4.9-25.0%]; P = 0.05), especially for Lactobacillus iners. Proteobacteria comprised higher proportions in prostatitis patients than healthy men. The species richness was higher in prostatitis patients than healthy men (inverted Simpson index 13.5 ± 5.8 vs 10.3 ± 4.0). CONCLUSIONS The semen of chronic prostatitis patients contains fewer health-supporting lactobacilli, and has higher species diversity than that of healthy men. Firmicutes (especially lactobacilli), Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria comprise the highest proportion of seminal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reet Mändar
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Punab
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Andrology Center, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paul Korrovits
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Andrology Center, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Silver Türk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristo Ausmees
- Andrology Center, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,MediTA Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eleri Lapp
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jens-Konrad Preem
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristjan Oopkaup
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jaak Truu
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Solomon M, Henkel R. Semen culture and the assessment of genitourinary tract infections. Indian J Urol 2017; 33:188-193. [PMID: 28717267 PMCID: PMC5508428 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_407_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The male factor contributes approximately 50% to infertility-related cases in couples with an estimated 12%–35% of these cases attributable to male genital tract infections. Depending on the nature of the infection, testicular sperm production, sperm transport, and sperm function can be compromised. Yet, infections are potentially treatable causes of infertility. Male genital tract infections are increasingly difficult to detect. Moreover, they often remain asymptomatic (“silent”) with the result that they are then passed on to the relevant sexual partner leading to fertilization and pregnancy failure as well as illness of the offspring. With the worldwide increasing problem of antibiotic resistance of pathogens, proper diagnosis and therapy of the patient is important. This testing, however, should include not only aerobic microbes but also anaerobic as these can be found in almost all ejaculates with about 71% being potentially pathogenic. Therefore, in cases of any indication of a male genital tract infection, a semen culture should be carried out, particularly in patients with questionable semen quality. Globally, an estimate of 340 million new infections with sexually transmitted pathogens is recorded annually. Among these, the most prevalent pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis. Escherichia coli are considered the most common nonsexually transmitted urogenital tract microbes. These pathogens cause epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, or prostatitis and contribute to increased seminal leukocyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Solomon
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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38
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Parida R, Samanta L. In silico analysis of candidate proteins sharing homology with Streptococcus agalactiae proteins and their role in male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016; 63:15-28. [DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2016.1243741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luna Samanta
- Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Odisha, India
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39
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Puerta Suárez J, Cardona Maya WD. Prevalencia de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae y Ureaplasma urealyticum en muestras de semen: efectos sobre la calidad espermática. Rev Urol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.uroco.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bacteriospermia and Its Impact on Basic Semen Parameters among Infertile Men. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2016; 2016:2614692. [PMID: 26880908 PMCID: PMC4736773 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2614692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Semen analysis is considered as the surrogate marker for male fecundity while assessing infertile men. There are several reasons for altered semen quality and bacteriospermia could be one among them. Thereby the aim of our work is to study the semen culture and its impact on semen parameters among infertile men. Materials and Methods. Semen samples were collected from men attending infertility clinic. Semen parameters were analysed based on WHO guidelines. Also, samples were subjected to culture using standard bacteriological techniques. Results. A total of 85 samples were collected. A number of 47 (55.30%) had normal sperm count, 37 (43.50%) had oligozoospermia, and one (1.17%) had azoospermia. Teratozoospermia was the most common abnormality observed (81.17%) followed by asthenozoospermia (28.23%). The prevalence of bacteriospermia was 35.3%. Enterococcus faecalis (30%) was the most common organism isolated followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (23.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and E. coli (10%). Other less frequently isolated organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.66%), Proteus sp. (6.66%), and Citrobacter sp. (3.33%). Conclusion. The presence of asymptomatic bacteriospermia did not correlate with abnormal semen parameters.
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Vilvanathan S, Kandasamy B, Jayachandran AL, Sathiyanarayanan S, Tanjore Singaravelu V, Krishnamurthy V, Elangovan V. Bacteriospermia and Its Impact on Basic Semen Parameters among Infertile Men. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2016. [PMID: 26880908 PMCID: PMC4736773 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2614692 10.1155/2016/2614692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Semen analysis is considered as the surrogate marker for male fecundity while assessing infertile men. There are several reasons for altered semen quality and bacteriospermia could be one among them. Thereby the aim of our work is to study the semen culture and its impact on semen parameters among infertile men. Materials and Methods. Semen samples were collected from men attending infertility clinic. Semen parameters were analysed based on WHO guidelines. Also, samples were subjected to culture using standard bacteriological techniques. Results. A total of 85 samples were collected. A number of 47 (55.30%) had normal sperm count, 37 (43.50%) had oligozoospermia, and one (1.17%) had azoospermia. Teratozoospermia was the most common abnormality observed (81.17%) followed by asthenozoospermia (28.23%). The prevalence of bacteriospermia was 35.3%. Enterococcus faecalis (30%) was the most common organism isolated followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (23.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and E. coli (10%). Other less frequently isolated organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.66%), Proteus sp. (6.66%), and Citrobacter sp. (3.33%). Conclusion. The presence of asymptomatic bacteriospermia did not correlate with abnormal semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Vilvanathan
- Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chinna Kolambakkam Post, Madurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 603 308, India
- *Sangeetha Vilvanathan:
| | - Balan Kandasamy
- Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chinna Kolambakkam Post, Madurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 603 308, India
| | - Abiramy Lakshmy Jayachandran
- Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chinna Kolambakkam Post, Madurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 603 308, India
| | - Sarasa Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chinna Kolambakkam Post, Madurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 603 308, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Tanjore Singaravelu
- Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chinna Kolambakkam Post, Madurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 603 308, India
| | - Veeraraghavan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 003, India
| | - Vanithadevi Elangovan
- Department of Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chinna Kolambakkam Post, Madurantakam Taluk, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 603 308, India
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Complementary seminovaginal microbiome in couples. Res Microbiol 2015; 166:440-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Weng SL, Chiu CM, Lin FM, Huang WC, Liang C, Yang T, Yang TL, Liu CY, Wu WY, Chang YA, Chang TH, Huang HD. Bacterial communities in semen from men of infertile couples: metagenomic sequencing reveals relationships of seminal microbiota to semen quality. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110152. [PMID: 25340531 PMCID: PMC4207690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some previous studies have identified bacteria in semen as being a potential factor in male infertility. However, only few types of bacteria were taken into consideration while using PCR-based or culturing methods. Here we present an analysis approach using next-generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the associations between bacterial communities and semen quality. Ninety-six semen samples collected were examined for bacterial communities, measuring seven clinical criteria for semen quality (semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, Kruger's strict morphology, antisperm antibody (IgA), Atypical, and leukocytes). Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) was also performed. Results showed that the most abundant genera among all samples were Lactobacillus (19.9%), Pseudomonas (9.85%), Prevotella (8.51%) and Gardnerella (4.21%). The proportion of Lactobacillus and Gardnerella was significantly higher in the normal samples, while that of Prevotella was significantly higher in the low quality samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis demonstrated that the seminal bacterial communities were clustered into three main groups: Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Prevotella predominant group. Remarkably, most normal samples (80.6%) were clustered in Lactobacillus predominant group. The analysis results showed seminal bacteria community types were highly associated with semen health. Lactobacillus might not only be a potential probiotic for semen quality maintenance, but also might be helpful in countering the negative influence of Prevotella and Pseudomonas. In this study, we investigated whole seminal bacterial communities and provided the most comprehensive analysis of the association between bacterial community and semen quality. The study significantly contributes to the current understanding of the etiology of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Long Weng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Chiu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Mao Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Health GeneTech Corporation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan
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Filipiak E, Marchlewska K, Oszukowska E, Walczak-Jedrzejowska R, Swierczynska-Cieplucha A, Kula K, Slowikowska-Hilczer J. Presence of aerobic micro-organisms and their influence on basic semen parameters in infertile men. Andrologia 2014; 47:826-31. [PMID: 25209133 DOI: 10.1111/and.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urogenital tract infections in males are one of the significant etiological factors in infertility. In this prospective study, 72 patients with abnormal semen parameters or any other symptoms of urogenital tract infection were examined. Semen analysis according to the WHO 2010 manual was performed together with microbial assessment: aerobic bacteria culture, Chlamydia antigen test, Candida culture, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma-specific culture. In total, 69.4% of semen samples were positive for at least one micro-organism. Ureaplasma sp. was the most common micro-organism found in 33% of semen samples of infertile patients with suspected male genital tract infection. The 2nd most common micro-organisms were Enterococcus faecalis (12.5%) and Escherichia coli (12.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7%), Chlamydia trachomatis (7%) and Candida sp. (5.6%). Generally, bacteria were sensitive to at least one of the antibiotics tested. No statistically significant relationship was observed between the presence of aerobic micro-organisms in semen and basic semen parameters: volume, pH, concentration, total count, motility, vitality and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Filipiak
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Marchlewska
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - E Oszukowska
- II Clinic of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Walczak-Jedrzejowska
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Swierczynska-Cieplucha
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Kula
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Slowikowska-Hilczer
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Lupton J, Vernamonti J, McCabe C, Noble J, Yin HZ, Eyre RC, Kiessling AA. Cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus in semen of homosexual men. Fertil Steril 2013; 101:350-8. [PMID: 24314922 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of serology to predict the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in semen of homosexual men without and with HIV coinfection. DESIGN Semen CMV was detected by electron microscopy and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification; paired serum was tested for CMV IgG/IgM. Semen HIV was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. SETTING Licensed clinical and research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Sixty-eight men. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Frequency of CMV and HIV in semen. RESULT(S) Cytomegalovirus was detected by electron microscopy in 3 of 10 specimens examined. Forty-six (89%) of 52 HIV-infected men were seropositive for CMV by combined assay for IgG/IgM; two more (48 of 52, 92%) were seropositive for CMV IgG by separate assay; 25 (48%) of the HIV-infected men had PCR-detectable CMV DNA in at least one semen specimen, 22 of whom (42%) had CMV in all specimens. Nineteen (13%) of the 150 specimens tested positive for HIV, whereas 67 (45%) tested positive for CMV; seven specimens tested positive for both CMV and HIV. Cytomegalovirus, but not HIV, detection in semen correlated with decreased CD4(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood (<700/μL) but was not accurately predicted by serology, leukocytospermia, or age. CONCLUSION(S) Cytomegalovirus in semen is not accurately predicted by serology. Sperm banking needs to include direct assessment of CMV in semen specimens. Strategies to eliminate CMV from semen specimens are needed to alleviate the risk of virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lupton
- Bedford Research Foundation Laboratory, Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Vernamonti
- Bedford Research Foundation Laboratory, Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Clinton McCabe
- Bedford Research Foundation Laboratory, Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Noble
- Bedford Research Foundation Laboratory, Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Hui Zhong Yin
- Bedford Research Foundation Laboratory, Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Robert C Eyre
- Bedford Research Foundation Laboratory, Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Ann A Kiessling
- Bedford Research Foundation Laboratory, Somerville, Massachusetts.
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Abeysundara PK, Dissanayake D, Wijesinghe PS, Perera R, Nishad A. Efficacy of two sperm preparation techniques in reducing non-specific bacterial species from human semen. J Hum Reprod Sci 2013; 6:152-7. [PMID: 24082658 PMCID: PMC3778606 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Artificial reproductive techniques using seminal preparations with bacteria may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequalae. AIMS To assess efficacy of two sperm preparation techniques to clear bacteria and the effect of bacteriospermia on sperm recovery rates. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among males of subfertile couples. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Semen samples were randomly allocated into swim-up method (group S, n = 68) and density gradient method (group D, n = 50) for sperm preparation. Seminal fluid analysis and bacterial cultures were performed in each sample before and after sperm preparation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS McNemar's chi-squared test and independent samples t-test in SPSS version 16.0 were used. RESULTS Organisms were found in 86 (72.88%) out of 118 samples, before sperm preparation; Streptococcus species (n = 40, 46.51% of which 14 were Group D Streptococcus species), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (n = 17, 19.76%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 13, 15.11%), Coliform species (n = 11, 12.79% of which 09 were Escherichia coli) and Corynebacterium species (n = 5, 5.81%). There was a statistically significant reduction of culture positive samples in raw vs. processed samples; in group S, 49 (72.05%) vs. 16 (23.52%) and in group D, 37 (74%) vs. 18 (36%). In group S and D, mean (SD) recovery rates of culture positive vs. culture negative samples were 39.44% (SD-14.02) vs. 44.22% (SD-22.38), P = 0.39 and 52.50% (SD-37.16) vs. 49.58% (SD-40.32), P = 0.82 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both sperm preparation methods significantly reduced bacteria in semen, but total clearance was not achieved. Sperm recovery rate was not affected by bacteriospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabath K Abeysundara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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Hou D, Zhou X, Zhong X, Settles ML, Herring J, Wang L, Abdo Z, Forney LJ, Xu C. Microbiota of the seminal fluid from healthy and infertile men. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1261-9. [PMID: 23993888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore potential causes of male infertility by determining the composition and structure of commensal bacterial communities in seminal fluids. DESIGN Microscopy of Gram-stained semen samples and classification of 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine the species composition of semen bacterial communities. SETTING Clinical andrology laboratory and academic research laboratories. PATIENT(S) Nineteen sperm donors and 58 infertility patients. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Classification of 16S rRNA gene sequences, clustering of seminal microbial communities, and multiple statistical tests. RESULT(S) High numbers of diverse kinds of bacteria were present in most samples of both sperm donors and infertility patients. The bacterial communities varied widely among subjects, but they could be clustered into six groups based on similarities in composition and the rank abundances of taxa. Overall, there were no significant differences between sperm donors and infertility patients. However, multiple statistical tests showed a significant negative association between sperm quality and the presence of Anaerococcus. The results also indicated that many of the bacterial taxa identified in semen also occur in the vaginal communities of some women, especially those with bacterial vaginosis, which suggests that heterosexual sex partners may share bacteria. CONCLUSION(S) Diverse kinds of bacteria were present in the human semen, but there were no significant differences between sperm donors and infertility patients. The presence of Anaerococcus might be a biomarker for low sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Mändar R. Microbiota of male genital tract: Impact on the health of man and his partner. Pharmacol Res 2013; 69:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dorus S, Skerget S, Karr TL. Proteomic discovery of diverse immunity molecules in mammalian spermatozoa. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2012; 58:218-28. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.700442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fourie J, Loskutoff N, Huyser C. Elimination of bacteria from human semen during sperm preparation using density gradient centrifugation with a novel tube insert. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:513-7. [PMID: 21950521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of bacteria in sperm samples intended for in vitro fertilisation can compromise the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques. Effective semen processing procedures should therefore be implemented to remove bacteria from semen. Unfortunately, technique failure does occur whereby bacteria can be found in processed sperm preparations. To improve the effectiveness of semen processing, a novel centrifuge tube insert was developed to facilitate the layering of density gradients and semen, and to prohibit the re-infection of purified sperm pellets. The purpose of this study was to: (i) determine the prevalence and type of bacteria present in semen of patients participating in the Unit's assisted reproduction program and (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of density gradient centrifugation with the novel tube insert, for the elimination of bacteria and yeast from spiked human semen samples. A survey in 2007-2010 indicated that 50% of semen samples were found to have positive bacterial cultures. Semen processing by means of density gradient centrifugation with the novel tube insert eliminated significantly more in vitro derived (spiked) bacteria and yeast from semen compared to processing without the insert (P < 0.004). Therefore, it is highly recommended that the centrifuge tube insert, ProInsert™, be incorporated into assisted reproductive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fourie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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