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Uyar R, Turgut Y, Çelik HT, Ünal MA, Kuzukıran Ö, Özyüncü Ö, Ceylan A, Çinar ÖÖ, Boztepe ÜG, Özdağ H, Filazi A, Yurdakök-Di Kmen B. Effects of DDT and DDE on placental cholinergic receptors. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 126:108588. [PMID: 38615785 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The placental cholinergic system; known as an important factor in intracellular metabolic activities, regulation of placental vascular tone, placental development, and neurotransmission; can be affected by persistent organic pesticides, particularly organochlorine pesticides(OCPs), which can influence various epigenetic regulations and molecular pathways. Although OCPs are legally prohibited, trace amounts of the persistent dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) are still found in the environment, making prenatal exposure inevitable. In this study, the effects of 2,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDT; and its breakdown product 4,4'-DDE in the environment on placental cholinergic system were evaluated with regards to cholinergic genes. 40 human placentas were screened, where 42,50% (17 samples) were found to be positive for the tested compounds. Average concentrations were 10.44 μg/kg; 15.07 μg/kg and 189,42 μg/kg for 4,4'-DDE; 2,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDT respectively. RNA-Seq results revealed 2396 differentially expressed genes in positive samples; while an increase in CHRM1,CHRNA1,CHRNG and CHRNA2 genes at 1.28, 1.49, 1.59 and 0.4 fold change were found(p<0028). The increase for CHRM1 was also confirmed in tissue samples with immunohistochemistry. In vitro assays using HTR8/SVneo cells; revealed an increase in mRNA expression of CHRM1, CHRM3 and CHRN1 in DDT and DDE treated groups; which was also confirmed through western blot assays. An increase in the expression of CHRM1,CHRNA1, CHRNG(p<0001) and CHRNA2(p<0,05) were found from the OCPs exposed and non exposed groups.The present study reveals that intrauterine exposure to DDT affects the placental cholinergic system mainly through increased expression of muscarinic receptors. This increase in receptor expression is expected to enhance the sensitivity of the placental cholinergic system to acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Uyar
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara 06070, Turkiye.
| | - Yağmur Turgut
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara 06070, Turkiye
| | - H Tolga Çelik
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Section of Neonatology, Altindag, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - M Altay Ünal
- Ankara University, Institute of Stem Cell, Ankara 06520, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kuzukıran
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Sciences, Veterinary Department, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özyüncü
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Altindag, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
| | - Özge Özgenç Çinar
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
| | - Ümmü Gülsüm Boztepe
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara 06070, Turkiye
| | - Hilal Özdağ
- Ankara University Biotechnology Institute, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
| | - Begüm Yurdakök-Di Kmen
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
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Huang W, Pan XF, Tang S, Sun F, Wu P, Yuan J, Sun W, Pan A, Chen D. Target Exposome for Characterizing Early Gestational Exposure to Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Association with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13408-13418. [PMID: 37651547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of gestational exposure to complex contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is critical to the identification of environmental risk factors for pregnancy complications. However, determination of various CECs with diverse physicochemical properties in biological fluids is technically challenging. In the present study, we developed a target exposome protocol, consisting of simple liquid-liquid extraction-based sample preparation and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, to determine 325 CECs covering 11 subclasses, including poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, synthetic antioxidants, phthalate esters, and several others. The protocol exhibits exceptional advantages over traditional approaches in the coverage of chemicals, sample volume demand, and time and financial cost. The protocol was applied in a prospective nested gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) study including 120 cases and 240 matched healthy controls. Thirty-three CECs were detected in >70% of the samples, with a combined concentration of 17.0-484.7 ng/mL. Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis showed that exposure to the CEC mixture was significantly associated with a higher GDM risk. For example, when increasing all CECs in the mixture from 50th percentile to 75th percentile, the estimated probit of GDM incidence had an increase of 92% (95% CI: 56%, 127%). Meanwhile, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, 1,3-diphenylguanidine, and dibutyl fumarate were identified as the key CECs driving the joint effect. This work demonstrates great potential of our target exposome protocol for environmental risk factor identification in large-scale epidemiology or biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Health & Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children & National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Shuangliu Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengjiang Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Department of Science and Education, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
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Lin S, Li J, Yan X, Pei L, Shang X. Maternal pesticide exposure and risk of preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108043. [PMID: 37364307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal pesticide exposure might be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes through triggering inflammation and oxidative stress and disrupting endocrine functions. Yet the association between prenatal pesticide exposure and risk of preterm birth remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of human observational studies using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) framework to explore the association of per ten-fold increase of pesticide concentrations in maternal biological samples during pregnancy with risk of preterm birth and length of gestational age at birth. DATA SOURCE Five English (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus) and 3 Chinese databases (China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM)) were searched till Jan 18th, 2023. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS To be included, pesticide exposure should be measured in maternal biological samples during pregnancy and in log-transformed forms. The primary outcome was preterm birth and the secondary outcome was gestational age at birth. STUDY APPRAISAL, SYNTHESIS METHODS AND CONFIDENCE ASSESSMENT Quality of studies was evaluated using OHAT Risk of Bias Tool. Evidence was quantitatively synthesized with Correlated and Hierarchical Effects (CHE) model. The confidence rating in the body of evidence was done using OHAT. RESULTS A total of 21 studies reported by 18 papers were included, with 7 studies for preterm birth and 19 for gestational age at birth. The meta-analysis found a ten-fold increase of pesticide concentrations was potentially associated with risk of preterm birth (pooled OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 0.93, 1.78) and shortened gestational age at birth (β = -0.10; 95%CI: -0.21, 0.01). Sampling biospecimens in different trimesters was identified as a potential modifier in the association between pesticide exposure and length of gestational age (F = 2.77, P < 0.05). For studies that collected samples at any time during pregnancy, pesticide exposure was found to be associated with shortened length of gestational age (β = -0.43; 95%CI: -0.81, -0.06). The confidence rating in the body of evidence was "moderate" and "very low" for preterm birth and gestational age at birth, respectively. CONCLUSION Our result suggested moderate evidence of an association between pesticide exposure and higher risk of preterm birth. Yet more studies are still needed with larger sample size and careful considerations of confounders and accuracy of outcome measurements. Attention is also required on other pesticide compounds in addition to organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, and on windows of susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lin
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojin Yan
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lijun Pei
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, China
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Simões M, Vermeulen R, Portengen L, Janssen N, Huss A. Exploring associations between residential exposure to pesticides and birth outcomes using the Dutch birth registry. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108085. [PMID: 37421898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal occupational exposure to pesticides has been linked to adverse birth outcomes but associations with residential pesticide exposures are inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To explore associations between residential exposure to specific pesticides and birth outcomes using individual level exposure and pregnancy/birth data. METHODS From all 2009-2013 singleton births in the Dutch birth registry, we selected mothers > 16 years old living in non-urban areas, who had complete address history and changed addresses at most once during pregnancy (N = 339,947). We estimated amount (kg) of 139 active ingredients (AI) used within buffers of 50, 100, 250 and 500 m around each mother's home during pregnancy. We used generalized linear models to investigate associations between 12 AIs with evidence of reproductive toxicity and gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), perinatal mortality, child́s sex, prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA), adjusting for individual and area-level confounders. For the remainder 127 AIs, we used minimax concave penalty with a stability selection step to identify those that could be related to birth outcomes. RESULTS Regression analyses showed that maternal residential exposure to fluroxypyr-meptyl was associated with longer GA, glufosinate-ammonium with higher risk of LBW, linuron with higher BW and higher odds of LGA, thiacloprid with lower odds of perinatal mortality and vinclozolin with longer GA. Variable selection analysis revealed that picoxystrobin was associated with higher odds of LGA. We found no evidence of associations with other AIs. Sensitivity and additional analysis supported these results except for thiacloprid. DISCUSSION In this exploratory study, pregnant women residing near crops where fluroxypyr-meptyl, glufosinate-ammonium, linuron, vinclozolin and picoxystrobin were applied had higher risk for certain potentially adverse birth outcomes. Our findings provide leads for confirmatory investigations on these compounds and/or compounds with similar modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões
- Department Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Department Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Department Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Department Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Gimenez-Asensio MJ, Hernandez AF, Romero-Molina D, Gonzalez-Alzaga B, Pérez-Luzardo O, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Boada LD, García-Cortés H, Lopez-Flores I, Sanchez-Piedra MD, Aguilar-Garduño C, Lacasaña M. Effect of prenatal exposure to organophosphates and pyrethroid pesticides on neonatal anthropometric measures and gestational age. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116410. [PMID: 37315756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have examined the association between prenatal exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and their impact on foetal growth and newborn anthropometry; however, the available evidence is limited and inconclusive. This study examined whether prenatal organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticide exposure was associated with anthropometric measures at birth (weight, length, head circumference), ponderal index, gestational age, and prematurity in 537 mother-child pairs. These were randomly selected from the 800 pairs participating in the prospective birth cohort GENEIDA (Genetics, early life environmental exposures and infant development in Andalusia). Six non-specific organophosphate metabolites (dialkylphosphates, DAPs), one metabolite relatively specific to chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, TCPy) and a common metabolite to several pyrethroids (3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-PBA) were measured in maternal urine from the 1st and 3rd pregnancy trimesters. Information on anthropometric measures at birth, gestational age and prematurity was retrieved from medical records. The sum on a molar basis of DAPs with methyl (ƩDMs) and ethyl (ƩDEs) moieties and the sum of the 6 DAPs metabolites (ƩDAPs) was calculated for both trimesters of pregnancy. High urinary levels of dimethyl phosphate (DMP) during the 3rd trimester were associated with a decrease in birth weight (β = -0.24; 95% CI: 0.41; -0.06) and birth length (β = -0.20; 95% CI: 0.41; 0.02). Likewise, ΣDMs during 3rd trimester were near-significantly associated with decreased birth weight (β = -0.18; 95% CI: 0.37; 0.01). In turn, increased urinary TCPy during 1st trimester was associated with a decreased head circumference (β = -0.31; 95% CI: 0.57; -0.06). Finally, an increase in 3-PBA in the 1st trimester was associated with a decreased gestational age (β = -0.36 95% CI: 0.65-0.08), whereas increased 3-PBA at 1st and 3rd trimester was associated with prematurity. These results indicate that prenatal exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides could affect normal foetal growth, shorten gestational age and alter anthropometric measures at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gimenez-Asensio
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Fundación para La Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Desire Romero-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain; Statistics and Operations Research Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gonzalez-Alzaga
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Fundación para La Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Pérez-Luzardo
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena García-Cortés
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Marina Lacasaña
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Granada, Spain.
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Uldbjerg CS, Lim YH, Krause M, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Bräuner EV. Sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth size outcomes in offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155565. [PMID: 35508231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence on the effects of prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on birth size remains largely inconclusive. We aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth weight, length and head/abdominal circumferences. We performed a prospective study of 88 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the period 2012 to 2014. Maternal urine samples were collected during pregnancy in weeks 12 to 36 (median: 18 weeks). The concentrations of parabens, phenols and individual phthalate diester metabolites were analyzed by isotope-diluted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and osmolality adjusted. Linear regression models estimated the associations between urinary levels of selected compounds (tertile(T2-T3)medium/high versus T1low exposure) and birth size, stratified by offspring sex. A total of three parabens, two phenols, four individual phthalate metabolites and four sums of diester metabolites were detectable above limits of detection in at least 60% of urine samples. Overall, we observed few statistically significant associations, but medium/high exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in male offspring was associated with statistically significant lower birth size across most outcomes [birth weight: -428 g (95% CI -756 to -99.4); birth length: -1.76 cm (95% CI -3.28 to -0.25); abdominal circumference: -1.97 cm (95% CI -3.55 to -0.39)]. Similarly, medium/high exposure to methyl paraben (MeP) in male offspring was associated with lower birth weight (-661 g, 95% CI -1251 to -70.7) and length (-3.11 cm, 95% CI -5.76 to -0.46) compared to low exposure. None of these associations were statistically significant in female offspring. Across all compounds, individual exposures were associated with more negative estimates of birth weight for male than for female offspring. Our study indicates that prenatal exposure to BPA and MeP may negatively affect birth size outcomes, with a possible sex effect. Given the small sample size, these findings need to be replicated in future larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie S Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marianna Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang SS, Lu AX, Cao LL, Ran XF, Wang YQ, Liu C, Yan CH. Effects of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants on neonatal Outcomes:A mother-child cohort (Shanghai, China). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111767. [PMID: 34391732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), known as common environmental pollutants, which have adverse effects on neurobehavioral development, are widely applied in industry and agriculture. However, evidence about neurodevelopmental toxicity of POPs in humans is limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to POPs and birth outcome of the newborn including birth length, weight, and head circumference. In this study, 1522 mother-child pairs were included in this study and cord blood samples were collected, which were detected to determine exposure level of 37 POPs in total. After delivery, the neonatal anthropometric indices detection (birth length, weight, and head circumference) was performed. According to the multivariate linear regression, the newborn with high detection rates (≥75 percentile) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in the umbilical cord blood were demonstrated negative relationship with birth head circumference after adjusting for confounding factors, but not related with birth length and weight. After confirming that there was a nonlinear relationship between HCB and birth head circumference based on sex stratification through the generalized additive model (GAM), further two-piecewise linear regression model was conducted to explore the saturation threshold effect between HCB and birth head circumference, which showed cord serum HCB concentration greater than 0.5 μg/L was negatively associated with birth head circumference in girls. Our study provided evidence for the adverse influence of HCB, β-HCH and p,p'-DDE exposure during pregnancy on the birth head circumference of offspring. Although HCB induced reduction of birth head circumference was found in girls, the mechanism of gender difference remained unclear. Further studies are needed to explore the effect of POPs on the growth and development of offspring based on in vivo or in vitro experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Xin Lu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Cao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Ran
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Wang J, Mei H, Zhou AF, Huang LL, Cao ZQ, Hong AB, Yang M, Xie QT, Chen D, Yang SP, Xiao H, Yang P. The associations of birth outcome differences in twins with prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and its alternatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111459. [PMID: 34126051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) and its alternatives, including BPF and BPS, exhibit endocrine disruption activities. However, the effects of bisphenols on fetal growth in twins remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations of prenatal BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with birth outcome differences in twins. METHODS We recruited 289 twin pregnant women who visited the hospital for prenatal examination during the first trimester from 2013 to 2016. Urinary bisphenol levels were determined during the first, second, and third trimesters. The associations of maternal exposure to bisphenols with birth outcome differences in twins were analyzed after stratification by different trimesters. We applied the multiple informant model to estimate trimester-specific associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and birth outcome differences in twins. RESULTS We found low reproducibility (ICC<0.40) for maternal urinary BPA and moderate reproducibility (0.40 < ICC<0.75) for BPF and BPS. Urinary BPA concentrations were positively associated with within-pair twin birth weight difference when comparing the third vs. the first tertile in each of the three trimesters (i.e., 133.06 g, 95% CI: 68.19, 197.94; 144.5 g, 95%CI: 81.82-207.18 g; and 135.04 g, 95%CI: 71.37-198.71 g for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester, respectively). The effect of urinary BPA concentration on increased birth length difference within-pair twins were also observed across different trimesters (All P for trends < 0.05). Urinary BPA levels were positively associated with the within-pair birth weight and birth length differences across pregnancy trimesters (All of Type 3 P for values < 0.05). CONCLUSION Maternal BPA exposure appeared to influence birth wight and birth length differences in twins. Our results warrant further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong Mei
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ai-Fen Zhou
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Cao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ao-Bo Hong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Meng Yang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qi-Tong Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Department of Child Public Healthcare, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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10
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Zhuang LH, Chen A, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Hu JMY, Yolton K, McCandless LC. Effects of gestational exposures to chemical mixtures on birth weight using Bayesian factor analysis in the Health Outcome and Measures of Environment (HOME) Study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e159. [PMID: 34131620 PMCID: PMC8196215 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the effects of gestational exposures to chemical mixtures on infant birth weight is inconclusive due to several challenges. One of the challenges is which statistical methods to rely on. Bayesian factor analysis (BFA), which has not been utilized for chemical mixtures, has advantages in variance reduction and model interpretation. METHODS We analyzed data from a cohort of 384 pregnant women and their newborns using urinary biomarkers of phthalates, phenols, and organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and serum biomarkers of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). We examined the association between exposure to chemical mixtures and birth weight using BFA and compared with multiple linear regression (MLR) and Bayesian kernel regression models (BKMR). RESULTS For BFA, a 10-fold increase in the concentrations of PCB and PFAS mixtures was associated with an 81 g (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -132 to -31 g) and 57 g (95% CI = -105 to -10 g) reduction in birth weight, respectively. BKMR results confirmed the direction of effect. However, the 95% credible intervals all contained the null. For single-pollutant MLR, a 10-fold increases in the concentrations of multiple chemicals were associated with reduced birth weight, yet the 95% CI all contained the null. Variance inflation from MLR was apparent for models that adjusted for copollutants, resulting in less precise confidence intervals. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the merits of BFA on mixture analysis in terms of precision and interpretation compared with MLR and BKMR. We also identified the association between exposure to PCBs and PFAS and lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng H. Zhuang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
| | - Janice M. Y. Hu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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11
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Gatti AM, Montanari S, Ferrero S, Lavezzi AM. Silver nanoparticles in the fetal brain: new perspectives in understanding the pathogenesis of unexplained stillbirths. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:265-274. [PMID: 33533653 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report, for the first time, the surprising presence of toxic nanoparticles, especially silver, in the brain of a fetus, who died unexpectedly at the end of a regular pregnancy. After an accurate autopsy, including the examination of the fetal annexes, an in-depth anatomopathological study of the nervous system and a search by scanning electron microscopy of nanoparticles in the brain, we highlighted the sequence of events that may have led to this fetal death, triggered primarily by the transition of nanosized xenobiotics from the mother to the fetal bloodstream. From this report emerges the importance of considering the search of nanosubstances in the brain during routine investigations following unexpected and unexplained fetal and infant deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta M Gatti
- Health, Law, Science Association, Genève, Switzerland.,Nanodiagnostics, San Vito, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical & Dental Sciences, "Lino Rossi" Research Center for the Study & Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death SIDS, University of Milan, Milan Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lavezzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical & Dental Sciences, "Lino Rossi" Research Center for the Study & Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death SIDS, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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12
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Khoshhali M, Rafiei N, Farajzadegan Z, Shoshtari-Yeganeh B, Kelishadi R. Maternal Exposure to Cadmium and Fetal Growth: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:9-19. [PMID: 31401745 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to review the epidemiological studies on the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure during pregnancy and neonatal anthropometric measures. Electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Collaboration was conducted till end of 2018. Pooled estimates were performed using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. A total of 22 studies included in the meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses on sample type (maternal urine, maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta), meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed to seek the sources of heterogeneity. In the random-effects meta-analysis of included studies, the pooled correlation coefficient between maternal exposure to Cd with birth weight was - 0.04 [95% CI (- 0.07, - 0.01), with birth length and head circumference as - 0.01 [95% CI (- 0.04, 0.02)] and - 0.02 [95% CI (- 0.06, 0.02)]. Our findings showed significant relationship between Cd exposure of pregnant women with low birth weight, but not with birth length and head circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Rafiei
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shoshtari-Yeganeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Ashrap P, Watkins DJ, Mukherjee B, Boss J, Richards MJ, Rosario Z, Vélez-Vega CM, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Maternal blood metal and metalloid concentrations in association with birth outcomes in Northern Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105606. [PMID: 32179314 PMCID: PMC7198231 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, exposures to heavy metals such as Pb and Cd have been associated with adverse birth outcomes; however, knowledge on effects at low levels of exposure and of other elements remain limited. METHOD We examined individual and mixture effects of metals and metalloids on birth outcomes among 812 pregnant women in the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort. We measured 16 essential and non-essential metal(loid)s in maternal blood collected at 16-20 and 24-28 weeks gestation. We used linear and logistic regression to independently examine associations between geometric mean (GM) concentrations of each metal across visits and gestational age, birthweight z-scores, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). We evaluated effect modification with infant sex*metal interaction terms. To identify critical windows of susceptibility, birth outcomes were regressed on visit-specific metal concentrations. Furthermore, average metal concentrations were divided into tertiles to examine the potential for non-linear relationships. We used elastic net (ENET) regularization to construct Environmental Risk Score (ERS) as a metal risk score and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to identify individual metals most critical to each outcome, accounting for correlated exposures. RESULTS In adjusted models, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in GM lead (Pb) was associated with 1.63 higher odds of preterm birth (95%CI = 1.17, 2.28) and 2 days shorter gestational age (95% CI = -3.1, -0.5). Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were also associated with higher odds of preterm birth and shorter gestational age; the associations were strongest among the highest tertile for Mn and among females for Zn. Mercury (Hg) was associated with higher risk of preterm birth at the later window of pregnancy. Ni measured later in pregnancy was associated with lower odds of SGA. ENET and BKMR models selected similar metals as "important" predictors of birth outcomes. The association between ERS and preterm birth was assessed and the third tertile of ERS was significantly associated with an elevated odds ratio of 2.13 (95% CI = 1.12, 5.49) for preterm birth compared to the first tertile. CONCLUSION As the PROTECT cohort has lower Pb concentrations (GM = 0.33 μg/dL) compared to the mainland US, our findings suggest that low-level prenatal lead exposure, as well as elevated Mn and Zn exposure, may adversely affect birth outcomes. Improved understanding on environmental factors contributing to preterm birth, together with sustainable technologies to remove contamination, will have a direct impact in Puerto Rico and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahriya Ashrap
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Boss
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Zaira Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John D Meeker
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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14
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Li J, Cai D, Chu C, Li Q, Zhou Y, Hu L, Yang B, Dong G, Zeng X, Chen D. Transplacental Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Differences between Preterm and Full-Term Deliveries and Associations with Placental Transporter mRNA Expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5062-5070. [PMID: 32208722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can cross the human placental barrier. However, their transplacental transfer efficiencies (TTEs) have not been investigated in preterm delivery, and the role of placental transport proteins has rarely been explored. Our study hypothesized that the TTEs of PFASs could differ between preterm and full-term deliveries, and some placental transporters could be involved in active maternofetal PFAS transfer. In the present study, the median TTEs of 16 individual PFAS chemicals or isomers were determined to be 0.23 to 1.72 in matched maternal-cord serum pairs with preterm delivery (N = 86), which were significantly lower than those (0.35 to 2.26) determined in full-term delivery (N = 187). Significant associations were determined between the TTEs of several PFASs and the mRNA expression levels of selected transporters located on the brush border membrane. The association patterns also significantly differed between preterm and full-term deliveries and exhibited a chemical-specific manner. For example, the expression of MRP2 exhibited significantly positive associations with the TTEs of linear and branched perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) isomers in full-term delivery, but negative, nonsignificant associations were observed in preterm delivery. This is the first study to compare the transplacental transfer of PFASs between preterm and full-term deliveries and indicate that some placental transport proteins could be involved in active transmission. The mechanisms underlying the cross-placental transfer of PFASs require further investigations to better elucidate their risks to fetal health and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dan Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Boyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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15
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Anand M, Taneja A. Organochlorine pesticides residue in placenta and their influence on anthropometric measures of infants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109106. [PMID: 31927245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of placental concentrations of some organochlorine pesticides on newborn's anthropometric measurements (height, weight, head circumference & ponderal index). For this study, we have collected 90 placental tissue samples for the measurement of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) & Hexachlocyclohexane (HCH) by Gas Chromatography equipped with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Regression analysis were performed between outcome variables such as birth weight, birth height, head circumference, ponderal index and independent variable i.e., organochlorine pesticide concentrations. In case of birth weight, there was a substantial decrease of 5.81, 1.94, 4.71, and 2.64 g for 1 ppb (μg/L) increase in placental α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and total HCH concentrations respectively. Significant decrease of 2.02 and 0.43 kg/m3 in ponderal index was found with 1 μg/L increase of total-HCH and total DDT concentrations in placenta. The results of this study support an association between environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides and anthropometric development of the fetus leading to a significant reduction in its birth weight and ponderal index, slight and non-significant reduction in birth height and head circumference. Efforts should be made to reduce exposure of women of reproductive age in relation to long-term impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India.
| | - A Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India
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16
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The association between maternal occupation and down syndrome: A report from the national Down syndrome project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 223:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Environmental Exposures and Adverse Pregnancy-Related Outcomes. HEALTH IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Guo J, Wu C, Zhang J, Jiang S, Lv S, Lu D, Qi X, Feng C, Liang W, Chang X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang G, Zhou Z. Anthropometric measures at age 3 years in associations with prenatal and postnatal exposures to chlorophenols. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:204-211. [PMID: 31029966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorophenols (CPs), suspected as endocrine disrupting chemicals, exposure during early life may contribute to body size. However, limited human data with inconsistent findings have examined the developmental effects of CPs exposure. OBJECTIVE To explore associations between prenatal and postnatal CPs exposure and anthropometric parameters in children aged 3 years. METHODS A subset of 377 mother-child pairs with urinary five CP concentrations were enrolled from a prospective birth cohort. Generalized linear models were conducted to evaluate associations of CPs exposure with children's anthropometric measures. RESULTS Maternal urinary 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) concentrations were significantly negatively associated with weight z scores [regression coefficient (β) = -0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.96, -0.05; p = 0.01], weight for height z scores (β = -0.54, 95% CI: -1.02, -0.06; p = 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) z scores (β = -0.53, 95% CI: -1.03, -0.03; p = 0.01) of children aged 3 years, after adjustment for potential confounders and postnatal CPs exposure. In the sex-stratified analyses, these inverse associations remained among boys, while in girls, positive associations of prenatal 2,4,6-TCP exposure with weight for height z scores and BMI z scores were observed. Postnatal exposure to 2,5-diclorophenol (2,5-DCP) was positively associated with weight z scores (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.50; p = 0.04), after controlling for possible confounders and maternal CPs exposure during pregnancy. Considering potential sex-specific effects, these associations were only observed in girls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that prenatal 2,4,6-TCP exposure and postnatal 2,5-DCP exposure may have adverse and sex-specific effects on children's physical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, Sweden
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No. 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Johnson J, Robinson S, Smeester L, Fry R, Boggess K, Vora N. Ubiquitous identification of inorganic arsenic in a cohort of second trimester amniotic fluid in women with preterm and term births. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:97-99. [PMID: 31128209 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Johnson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina, United States.
| | - Shannon Robinson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina, United States
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, United States
| | - Rebecca Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, United States
| | - Kim Boggess
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina, United States
| | - Neeta Vora
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina, United States
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Norlén F, Gustavsson P, Wiebert P, Rylander L, Albin M, Westgren M, Plato N, Selander J. Occupational exposure to inorganic particles during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023879. [PMID: 30819703 PMCID: PMC6398675 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate if occupational exposure to inorganic particles or welding fumes during pregnancy is associated with negative birth outcomes. DESIGN A prospective national cohort study. SETTING All single births from 1994 to 2012 in Sweden. Information on birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, smoking habits, nationality, age, occupation, absence from work and education was obtained from nationwide registers. Exposure to inorganic particles (mg/m3) was assessed from a job exposure matrix. PARTICIPANTS This study included all single births by occupationally active mothers (995 843). OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between occupational exposures and negative birth outcomes in the form of low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age. RESULTS Mothers who had high exposure to inorganic particles and had less than 50 days (median) of absence from work during pregnancy showed an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.30), low birth weight (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48) as well as small for gestational age (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.39). The increased risks were driven by exposure to iron particles. No increased risks were found in association with exposure to stone and concrete particles. High exposure to welding fumes was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45) and preterm birth (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.42). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that pregnant women should not be exposed to high levels of iron particles or welding fumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Norlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wiebert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Westgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Plato
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Identification and Prioritization of Environmental Reproductive Hazards: A First Step in Establishing Environmental Perinatal Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030366. [PMID: 30696096 PMCID: PMC6388153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics established the prevention of exposures to environmental reprotoxic substances as a priority for health professionals. However, available information about reproductive hazards is voluminous, dispersed, and complex, and this is a severe limitation for physicians to incorporate the prevention of environmental exposure into standard preventive care. One difficulty frequently cited by physicians is the lack of evidence-based information. The objective of our study was to identify a list of environmental chemical hazards to reproduction. We used lists present in relevant regulations or included in scientific reports or databases to identify reproductive hazards. The reproductive hazards were prioritized according to the strength of evidence concerning their impact on fertility or development of the offspring. We identified 1251 reproductive hazards. Our prioritization approach resulted in a high-priority classification for 462 risk factors belonging to the following eight classes: drugs (n = 206), metals (n = 116), pesticides (n = 38), organic solvents (n = 27), synthesizing and/or processing agents in industrial processes (n = 23), phthalates (n = 13), perfluorinated compounds (n = 13), and other compounds (n = 26). Despite the limitations of this work, the generated lists constitute a useful working basis to put in place innovative environmental preventive measures according to the principle of evidence-based medicine.
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Youssouf M, Kalia A, Nabi Z, Malik ZA. Health Effects of Pesticides on Pregnant Women and Children. ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6111-8.ch006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides, along with hybrid seeds and fertilizers, are an integral part of the green revolution and are used to control and eradicate disease vectors for the improvement of agricultural production. Pesticides is an umbrella term for insecticides, nematocides, fungicides, herbicides, fumigants, repellents, and attractants. Pesticides are used against unwanted plants and animals to control diseases and losses. Efforts at different levels may help to reduce the impact of pesticides on newborn babies and on pregnant women. Different efforts can be considered at clinical, educational, and policymaking institutes. Use of risk assessment tools, encouragement of organic diets, educating parents working in agricultural fields from hazards of pesticides particularly in pregnancy and breast feeding, implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs, and encouraging policies supporting IPM can help in tackling the menace of pesticide hazards.
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Williams AL, Bates CA, Pace ND, Leonhard MJ, Chang ET, DeSesso JM. Impact of chloroform exposures on reproductive and developmental outcomes: A systematic review of the scientific literature. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:1267-1313. [PMID: 30350414 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We assessed the animal and epidemiological data to determine if chloroform exposure causes developmental and/or reproductive toxicity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Initial scoping identified developmental toxicity as the primary area of concern. At levels producing maternal toxicity in rats and mice, chloroform caused decrements in fetal weights and associated delays in ossification. In a single mouse inhalation study, exposure to a high concentration of chloroform was associated with small fetuses and increased cleft palate. However, oral exposure of mice to chloroform at a dose 4 times higher was negative for cleft palate; multiple inhalation studies in rats were also negative. Epidemiologic data on low birth weight and small for gestational age were generally equivocal, preventing conclusions from being drawn for humans. The animal data also show evidence of very early (peri-implantation) total litter losses at very high exposure levels. This effect is likely maternally mediated rather than a direct effect on the offspring. Finally, the epidemiologic data indicate a possible association of higher chloroform exposure with lower risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation). CONCLUSIONS The available animal data suggest that exposures lower than those causing maternal toxicity should be without developmental effects in the offspring. Also, most studies in humans rely on group-level geographic exposure data, providing only weak epidemiologic evidence for an association with development outcomes and fail to establish a causal role for chloroform in the induction of adverse developmental outcomes at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John M DeSesso
- Exponent, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Dong S, Page MA, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ. Thiol Reactivity Analyses To Predict Mammalian Cell Cytotoxicity of Water Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8822-8829. [PMID: 29965743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An in chemico high throughput assay based on N-acetylcysteine was developed and used in conjunction with previous and new mammalian cell cytotoxicity data. Our objective was to derive an empirical equation with confidence levels for mammalian cell cytotoxicity prediction. Modeling data included 16 unique sources of waters and wastewaters of distinct water qualities to encompass a wide range of real environmental samples. This approach provides a quick screen to identify those water and wastewaters that could be prioritized for in depth analytical biological analyses and toxicity. The resulting model can serve as a preliminary convenient tool to screen for potential mammalian cell cytotoxicity in organic extracts of a wide variety of water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A Page
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center , 2902 Newmark Drive , Champaign , Illinois 61822 , United States
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25
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Nielsen CC, Amrhein CG, Osornio-Vargas AR. Mapping outdoor habitat and abnormally small newborns to develop an ambient health hazard index. Int J Health Geogr 2017; 16:43. [PMID: 29183340 PMCID: PMC5704543 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-017-0117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The geography of where pregnant mothers live is important for understanding outdoor environmental habitat that may result in adverse birth outcomes. We investigated whether more babies were born small for gestational age or low birth weight at term to mothers living in environments with a higher accumulation of outdoor hazards. Methods Live singleton births from the Alberta Perinatal Health Program, 2006–2012, were classified according to birth outcome, and used in a double kernel density estimation to determine ratios of each outcome per total births. Individual and overlay indices of spatial models of 136 air emissions and 18 land variables were correlated with the small for gestational age and low birth weight at term, for the entire province and sub-provincially. Results There were 24 air substances and land sources correlated with both small for gestational age and low birth weight at term density ratios. On the provincial scale, there were 13 air substances and 2 land factors; sub-provincial analysis found 8 additional air substances and 1 land source. Conclusion This study used a combination of multiple outdoor variables over a large geographic area in an objective model, which may be repeated over time or in other study areas. The air substance-weighted index best identified where mothers having abnormally small newborns lived within areas of potential outdoor hazards. However, individual air substances and the weighted index provide complementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene C Nielsen
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-591 ECHA, 11,405 87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Carl G Amrhein
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alvaro R Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-591 ECHA, 11,405 87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Plewa MJ, Wagner ED, Richardson SD. TIC-Tox: A preliminary discussion on identifying the forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity of disinfected water. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 58:208-216. [PMID: 28774611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the environment. Only a few DBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated DBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing DBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define DBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Plewa
- Safe Global Water Institute, and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Elizabeth D Wagner
- Safe Global Water Institute, and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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Reyna L, Flores-Martín J, Ridano ME, Panzetta-Dutari GM, Genti-Raimondi S. Chlorpyrifos induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in JEG-3 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Johnson CD, Jones S, Paranjothy S. Reducing low birth weight: prioritizing action to address modifiable risk factors. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017; 39:122-131. [PMID: 26888979 PMCID: PMC5409066 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low birth weight (LBW) affects 6.9% of all UK births and has remained largely unchanged for many years. The United Nations and the World Health Assembly have set targets to substantially reduce global incidence. Understanding the contribution of modifiable risk factors to the burden of LBW is required to ensure appropriate interventions are in place to achieve this reduction. Methods Data from published studies on the risks from key modifiable factors were used alongside prevalence data from the Welsh population to calculate the population attributable risk for each factor individually and in combination. Results Fourteen risk factors accounted for nearly half of LBW births, and 60% of those to younger mothers (<25 years). Tobacco smoke exposure was the largest contributor. We estimated that smoking in pregnancy was a factor in one in eight LBW births, increasing to one in five for women aged under 25. Conclusions Risk factors are interrelated and inequitably distributed within the population. Exposure to one factor increases the likelihood of exposure to a constellation of factors further increasing risk. Action to address LBW must consider groups where the risk factors are most prevalent and address these risk factors together using multi-component interventions.
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Fernández-Cruz T, Martínez-Carballo E, Simal-Gándara J. Perspective on pre- and post-natal agro-food exposure to persistent organic pollutants and their effects on quality of life. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 100:79-101. [PMID: 28089279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue constitutes a continual source of internal exposure to organic pollutants (OPs). When fats mobilize during pregnancy and breastfeeding, OPs could affect foetal and neonatal development, respectively. SCOPE AND APPROACH The main aim of this review is to deal with pre- and post-natal external exposure to organic pollutants and their effects on health, proposing prevention measures to reduce their risk. The goal is the development of a biomonitoring framework program to estimate their impact on human health, and prevent exposure by recommending some changes in personal lifestyle habits. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS It has been shown that new studies should be developed taking into account their cumulative effect and the factors affecting their body burden. In conclusion, several programs should continuously be developed by different health agencies to have a better understanding of the effect of these substances and to develop a unified public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fernández-Cruz
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Elena Martínez-Carballo
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Karimi P, Kamali E, Mousavi SM, Karahmadi M. Environmental factors influencing the risk of autism. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 22:27. [PMID: 28413424 PMCID: PMC5377970 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a developmental disability with age of onset in childhood (under 3 years old), which is characterized by definite impairments in social interactions, abnormalities in speech, and stereotyped pattern of behaviors. Due to the progress of autism in recent decades, a wide range of studies have been done to identify the etiological factors of autism. It has been found that genetic and environmental factors are both involved in autism pathogenesis. Hence, in this review article, a set of environmental factors involved in the occurrence of autism has been collected, and finally, some practical recommendations for reduction of the risk of this devastating disease in children are represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Karimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Kamali
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Genetic and Identification Lab, Legal Medicine Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Karahmadi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Noor Hospital, Isfahan, Iran
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Hakim C, Padmanabhan V, Vyas AK. Gestational Hyperandrogenism in Developmental Programming. Endocrinology 2017; 158:199-212. [PMID: 27967205 PMCID: PMC5413081 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen excess (hyperandrogenism) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. The potential causes of androgen excess in women include polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), adrenal tumors, and racial disparity among many others. During pregnancy, luteoma, placental aromatase deficiency, and fetal CAH are additional causes of gestational hyperandrogenism. The present report reviews the various phenotypes of hyperandrogenism during pregnancy and its origin, pathophysiology, and the effect of hyperandrogenism on the fetal developmental trajectory and offspring consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hakim
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and
| | - Arpita K. Vyas
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Permian Basin Campus, Odessa, Texas 79763
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Arrebola JP, Cuellar M, Bonde JP, González-Alzaga B, Mercado LA. Associations of maternal o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE levels with birth outcomes in a Bolivian cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:469-477. [PMID: 27567351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the potential association of maternal serum levels of o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE with gestation time and with anthropometric measurements and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of newborns in a Bolivian birth cohort. Two hundred mothers were consecutively recruited between January and March 2013 at the "Hospital de la Mujer Dr. Percy Boland" in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Potential confounders were derived from an ad hoc questionnaire. o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were quantified in cord serum by high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed, with POP concentrations as independent variables and log-transformed newborn birth outcomes (newborn weight, gestational age, head circumference, birth height, ponderal index, and TSH levels) as dependent variables. o,p'-DDT was detected in 82.5% of samples at median concentration of 0.22ng/mL and p,p'-DDE in 86.5% of samples at median concentration of 1.01ng/mL. Opposite associations with birth weight were found for p,p'-DDE (β=0.012, p=0.006) and o,p'-DDT (β=-0.014, p=0.039), and these associations were stronger when both chemicals were entered in the same model. p,p'-DDE was negatively associated with gestation time (β=-0.004, p=0.012), and o,p'-DDT was borderline negatively associated with newborn head circumference (β=-0.004, p=0.054). We observed no relevant changes in the magnitude of the coefficients or in statistical significance after adjustment for newborn TSH levels. This study indicates a possible impact of prenatal exposure to o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE on newborn anthropometric measurements in a population showing evidence of recent exposure to the pesticide DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Miriam Cuellar
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Calle México s/n, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatriz González-Alzaga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Mercado
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Calle México s/n, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
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Lenters V, Portengen L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BA, Lindh CH, Piersma AH, Toft G, Bonde JP, Heederik D, Rylander L, Vermeulen R. Prenatal Phthalate, Perfluoroalkyl Acid, and Organochlorine Exposures and Term Birth Weight in Three Birth Cohorts: Multi-Pollutant Models Based on Elastic Net Regression. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:365-72. [PMID: 26115335 PMCID: PMC4786980 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some legacy and emerging environmental contaminants are suspected risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction. However, the evidence is equivocal, in part due to difficulties in disentangling the effects of mixtures. OBJECTIVES We assessed associations between multiple correlated biomarkers of environmental exposure and birth weight. METHODS We evaluated a cohort of 1,250 term (≥ 37 weeks gestation) singleton infants, born to 513 mothers from Greenland, 180 from Poland, and 557 from Ukraine, who were recruited during antenatal care visits in 2002-2004. Secondary metabolites of diethylhexyl and diisononyl phthalates (DEHP, DiNP), eight perfluoroalkyl acids, and organochlorines (PCB-153 and p,p´-DDE) were quantifiable in 72-100% of maternal serum samples. We assessed associations between exposures and term birth weight, adjusting for co-exposures and covariates, including prepregnancy body mass index. To identify independent associations, we applied the elastic net penalty to linear regression models. RESULTS Two phthalate metabolites (MEHHP, MOiNP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and p,p´-DDE were most consistently predictive of term birth weight based on elastic net penalty regression. In an adjusted, unpenalized regression model of the four exposures, 2-SD increases in natural log-transformed MEHHP, PFOA, and p,p´-DDE were associated with lower birth weight: -87 g (95% CI: -137, -340 per 1.70 ng/mL), -43 g (95% CI: -108, 23 per 1.18 ng/mL), and -135 g (95% CI: -192, -78 per 1.82 ng/g lipid), respectively; and MOiNP was associated with higher birth weight (46 g; 95% CI: -5, 97 per 2.22 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that several of the environmental contaminants, belonging to three chemical classes, may be independently associated with impaired fetal growth. These results warrant follow-up in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virissa Lenters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Address correspondence to V. Lenters, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584CM Utrecht, the Netherlands. Telephone: 31-30-253-9527. E-mail:
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Rignell-Hydbom
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo A.G. Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H. Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aldert H. Piersma
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dick Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Martin EM, Fry RC. A cross-study analysis of prenatal exposures to environmental contaminants and the epigenome: support for stress-responsive transcription factor occupancy as a mediator of gene-specific CpG methylation patterning. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvv011. [PMID: 27066266 PMCID: PMC4824001 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A biological mechanism by which exposure to environmental contaminants results in gene-specific CpG methylation patterning is currently unknown. We hypothesize that gene-specific CpG methylation is related to environmentally perturbed transcription factor occupancy. To test this hypothesis, a database of 396 genes with altered CpG methylation either in cord blood leukocytes or placental tissue was compiled from 14 studies representing assessments of six environmental contaminants. Subsequently, an in silico approach was used to identify transcription factor binding sites enriched among the genes with altered CpG methylation in relationship to the suite of environmental contaminants. For each study, the sequences of the promoter regions (representing -1000 to +500 bp from the transcription start site) of all genes with altered CpG methylation were analyzed for enrichment of transcription factor binding sites. Binding sites for a total of 56 unique transcription factors were identified to be enriched within the promoter regions of the genes. Binding sites for the Kidney-Enriched Krupple-like Factor 15, a known responder to endogenous stress, were enriched (P < 0.001-0.041) among the genes with altered CpG methylation associated for five of the six environmental contaminants. These data support the transcription factor occupancy theory as a potential mechanism underlying environmentally-induced gene-specific CpG methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Martin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Elizabeth M. Martin,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-7034
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- *Correspondence address. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Tel:
(919) 843-6864
; Fax:
(919) 966-7911
; E-mail:
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-9018
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Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Murcia M, Iñiguez C, Vizcaino E, Costa O, Fernández-Somoano A, Basterrechea M, Lertxundi A, Guxens M, Gascon M, Goñi-Irigoyen F, Grimalt JO, Tardón A, Ballester F. Organochlorine Compounds and Ultrasound Measurements of Fetal Growth in the INMA Cohort (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:157-63. [PMID: 26058084 PMCID: PMC4710595 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported decreases in birth size associated with exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs), but uncertainties remain regarding the critical windows of prenatal exposure and the effects on fetal body segments. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between prenatal OC concentrations and fetal anthropometry. METHODS We measured 4,4´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4,4´-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (138, 153, and 180) in 2,369 maternal and 1,140 cord serum samples in four Spanish cohorts (2003-2008). We used linear mixed models to obtain longitudinal growth curves for estimated fetal weight (EFW), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and femur length (FL) adjusted by parental and fetal characteristics. We calculated standard deviation (SD) scores of growth at 0-12, 12-20, and 20-34 weeks of gestation as well as size at gestational week 34 for the four parameters. We studied the association between OCs and the fetal outcomes by cohort-specific linear models and subsequent meta-analyses. RESULTS PCBs were associated with a reduction in AC up to mid-pregnancy, and BPD and FL from gestational week 20 onward. An inverse association was also found between HCB and AC growth in early pregnancy. The reduction of these parameters ranged from -4% to -2% for a doubling in the OC concentrations. No association between 4,4´-DDE and fetal growth was observed. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between prenatal exposure to some PCBs and HCB and fetal growth: AC during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, and BPD and FL later in pregnancy. CITATION Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Murcia M, Iñiguez C, Vizcaino E, Costa O, Fernández-Somoano A, Basterrechea M, Lertxundi A, Guxens M, Gascon M, Goñi-Irigoyen F, Grimalt JO, Tardón A, Ballester F. 2016. Organochlorine compounds and ultrasound measurements of fetal growth in the INMA cohort (Spain). Environ Health Perspect 124:157-163; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Address correspondence to M.-J. Lopez-Espinosa, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO–Public Health, Valencia, Spain. Telephone: (34) 961925941. E-mail:
| | - Mario Murcia
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Nursing Department, School of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Vizcaino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London (UK), London, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Costa
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mikel Basterrechea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireia Gascon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando Goñi-Irigoyen
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Public Health Laboratory, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joan O. Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Nursing Department, School of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Guimarães MT, Cunha MG, Carvalho DP, Ribeiro TS, Martins LC, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA. Influence of environmental contamination on pregnancy outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14950-14959. [PMID: 26002366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare pregnancy outcomes in four contaminated areas to those observed in a non-contaminated area of similar socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was administered to population-based samples of 788-920 families in each of the five studied areas. The exposure assessment used was an ecological measure. Using logistic regression, odds of several pregnancies outcomes (pregnancy occurrence, miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, congenital malformation, and multiple births) were estimated after adjustment for potential confounders such as socioeconomic, demographic, and substance abuse factors. We adopted a statistical significance level of 5 %. In three of the four exposed areas, pregnancy occurrence was reduced in comparison to the control area (Area 2, odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, 95 % CI = 0.54-0.86; Area 3, OR = 0.76, 95 % CI = 0.60-0.97; Area 4, OR = 0.71, 95 % CI = 0.56-0.90). Also, a significantly increased odds of miscarriage for living in Area 3 (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI = 1.07-3.12) was found. The other pregnancy outcomes were not significantly elevated in the exposed areas. In conclusion, this study shows evidence of reduced pregnancy occurrence and increased miscarriage occurrence in some of the contaminated areas, compared to the control area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tavares Guimarães
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 s1304 Cerqueira César, CEP: 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 s.204, Pacaembu, CEP: 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michele Granato Cunha
- Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias, 300 Vila Matias, CEP: 11015-002, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Pena Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Radioisotopes Eduardo Penna Franca, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CCS, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatyana Sampaio Ribeiro
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 s1304 Cerqueira César, CEP: 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Conceição Martins
- Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias, 300 Vila Matias, CEP: 11015-002, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 s1304 Cerqueira César, CEP: 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias, 300 Vila Matias, CEP: 11015-002, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 s1304 Cerqueira César, CEP: 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias, 300 Vila Matias, CEP: 11015-002, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Desrosiers TA, Lawson CC, Meyer RE, Stewart PA, Waters MA, Correa A, Olshan AF. Assessed occupational exposure to chlorinated, aromatic and Stoddard solvents during pregnancy and risk of fetal growth restriction. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:587-93. [PMID: 26076683 PMCID: PMC4572733 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous experimental and epidemiological research suggests that maternal exposure to some organic solvents during pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR). We evaluated the association between expert-assessed occupational solvent exposure and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a population-based sample of women in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. METHODS We analysed data from 2886 mothers and their infants born between 1997 and 2002. Job histories were self-reported. Probability of exposure to six chlorinated, three aromatic and one petroleum solvent was assessed by industrial hygienists. SGA was defined as birthweight<10th centile of birthweight-by-gestational age in a national reference. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs to assess the association between SGA and exposure to any solvent(s) or specific solvent classes, adjusting for maternal age and education. RESULTS Approximately 8% of infants were SGA. Exposure prevalence to any solvent was 10% and 8% among mothers of SGA and non-SGA infants, respectively. Among women with ≥ 50% probability of exposure, we observed elevated but imprecise associations between SGA and exposure to any solvent(s) (1.71; 0.86 to 3.40), chlorinated solvents (1.70; 0.69 to 4.01) and aromatic solvents (1.87; 0.78 to 4.50). CONCLUSIONS This is the first population-based study in the USA to investigate the potential association between FGR and assessed maternal occupational exposure to distinct classes of organic solvents during pregnancy. The potential associations observed between SGA and exposure to chlorinated and aromatic solvents are based on small numbers and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina C Lawson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert E Meyer
- North Carolina Division of Public Health, Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Centre for Health Statistics, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Martha A Waters
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Robledo CA, Yeung E, Mendola P, Sundaram R, Maisog J, Sweeney AM, Barr DB, Louis GMB. Preconception maternal and paternal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and birth size: the LIFE study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:88-94. [PMID: 25095280 PMCID: PMC4286275 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1308016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are developmental toxicants, but the impact of both maternal and paternal exposures on offspring birth size is largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between maternal and paternal serum concentrations of 63 POPs, comprising five major classes of pollutants, with birth size measures. METHODS Parental serum concentrations of 9 organochlorine pesticides, 1 polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), 7 perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs), 10 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and 36 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured before conception for 234 couples. Differences in birth weight, length, head circumference, and ponderal index were estimated using multiple linear regression per 1-SD increase in natural log-transformed (ln-transformed) chemicals. Models were estimated separately for each parent and adjusted for maternal age, maternal prepregnancy body mass index (kilograms per meter squared) and other confounders, and all models included an interaction term between infant sex and each chemical. RESULTS Among girls (n = 117), birth weight was significantly lower (range, 84-195 g) in association with a 1-SD increase in ln-transformed maternal serum concentrations of DDT, PBDE congeners 28 and 183, and paternal serum concentrations of PBDE-183 and PCB-167. Among boys (n = 113), maternal (PCBs 138, 153, 167, 170, 195, and 209 and perfluorooctane sulfonamide) and paternal (PCBs 172 and 195) serum concentrations of several POPs were statistically associated with lower birth weight (range, 98-170 g), whereas paternal concentrations of PBDEs (66, 99) were associated with higher birth weight. Differences in offspring head circumference, length, and ponderal index were also associated with parental exposures. CONCLUSIONS Preconceptional maternal and paternal concentrations of several POPs were associated with statistically significant differences in birth size among offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace A Robledo
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Montano D. Chemical and biological work-related risks across occupations in Europe: a review. J Occup Med Toxicol 2014; 9:28. [PMID: 25071862 PMCID: PMC4113130 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related health inequalities are determined to some extent by an unequal exposure to chemical and biological risk factors of disease. Although their potential economic burden in the European Union (EU-25) might be substantial, comprehensive reviews focusing on the distribution of these risks across occupational groups are limited. Thus, the main objective of this review is to provide a synopsis of the exposure to chemical and biological hazards across occupational groups. In addition, main industrial applications of hazardous substances are identified and some epidemiological evidence is discussed regarding societal costs and incidence rates of work-related diseases. METHODS Available lists of carcinogens, sensitisers, mutagens, reprotoxic substances and biological hazards were consulted. For each work-related hazard the main industrial application was identified in order to assess which ISCO occupational groups may be associated with direct exposure. Where available, information on annual tonnage production, risk assessment of the substances and pathogens, and other relevant data were collected and reported. RESULTS Altogether 308 chemical and biological hazards were identified which may account to at least 693 direct exposures. These hazards concentrate on the following major occupational groups: technicians (ISCO 3), operators (ISCO 8), agricultural workers (ISCO 6) and workers in elementary occupations (ISCO 9). Common industrial applications associated with increased exposure rates relate among others to: (1) production or application of pigments, resins, cutting fluids, adhesives, pesticides and cleaning products, (2) production of rubber, plastics, textiles, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and (3) in agriculture, metallurgy and food processing industry, Societal costs of the unequal distribution of chemical and biological hazards across occupations depend on the corresponding work-related diseases and may range from 2900 EUR to 126000 EUR per case/year. CONCLUSIONS Risk of exposure to chemical and biological risks and work-related disease incidence are highly concentrated on four occupational groups. The unequal burden of exposure across occupations is an important contributing factor leading to health inequalities in society. The bulk of societal costs, however, are actually being borne by the workers themselves. There is an urgent need of taking into account the health impact of production processes and services on workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montano
- Faculty of Medicine, Senior professorship “Work Stress Research”, Duesseldorf University, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Enangue Njembele AN, Bailey JL, Tremblay JJ. In vitro exposure of Leydig cells to an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorines represses early steps of steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:118. [PMID: 24740604 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cell steroidogenesis is mainly regulated by LH via increased cAMP production leading to STAR protein activation. STAR is essential for cholesterol shuttling inside mitochondria where steroidogenesis is initiated. Accumulating evidence suggest that persistent organochlorine compounds disrupt testicular function, but the mechanism of action remains poorly characterized. Here we report that in vitro exposure of MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig cells to an environmentally relevant mixture of 15 organochlorines impairs steroidogenesis. While having no effect on cell viability and basal steroid production, the organochlorine mixture caused a 50% decrease in cAMP-induced progesterone production. The mixture also reduced cAMP-induced 30 kDa STAR protein by 50% while having no effect on basal STAR protein. Basal or cAMP-induced Star mRNA levels and promoter activity were unaffected by the mixture, indicating that the organochlorine mixture acted at the translational/posttranslational level. Further supporting this is the fact that in COS-7 cells overexpressing STAR, the organochlorine mixture caused a decrease in the 30 kDa form of STAR and an accumulation of the 37 kDa forms. In addition to STAR, we found that the organochlorine mixture also decreases the levels of CYP11A1 and ADXR, two proteins essential for the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. In conclusion, our data show that organochlorine exposure disrupts Leydig cell function by targeting different components of the steroidogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice L Bailey
- Centre for Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques J Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada Centre for Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Kadhel P, Monfort C, Costet N, Rouget F, Thomé JP, Multigner L, Cordier S. Chlordecone exposure, length of gestation, and risk of preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:536-44. [PMID: 24401561 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants have not been conclusively associated with length of gestation or with preterm birth. Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies. Data from the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007 were used to examine the associations of chlordecone concentrations in maternal plasma with the length of gestation and the rate preterm birth in 818 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression for length of gestation and a Cox model for preterm birth. The median plasma chlordecone concentration was 0.39 µg/L (interquartile range, 0.18-0.83). No correlation was observed with plasma concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (ρ = 0.017) or polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (ρ = -0.016), the other main organochlorine compounds detected. A 1-log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was associated with a decreased length of gestation (-0.27 weeks; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.03) and an increased risk of preterm birth (60%; 95% confidence interval: 10, 130). These associations may result from the estrogen-like and progestin-like properties of chlordecone. These results are of public health relevance because of the prolonged persistence of chlordecone in the environment and the high background rate of preterm births in this population.
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Wesselink A, Warner M, Samuels S, Parigi A, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Eskenazi B. Maternal dioxin exposure and pregnancy outcomes over 30 years of follow-up in Seveso. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 63:143-8. [PMID: 24291766 PMCID: PMC3891592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal evidence suggests an association between exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiologic studies report inconsistent results, but are limited by narrow range of exposure, small sample size, and lack of a biologic measure of highest lifetime exposure. On July 10, 1976, a chemical explosion in Seveso, Italy resulted in the highest known residential exposure to TCDD. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), a retrospective cohort of TCDD exposure and reproductive health. Individual-level TCDD was measured in serum collected soon after the explosion. After 20years of follow-up, we found no association between maternal TCDD in 1976 serum or estimated at pregnancy and spontaneous abortion (SAB), fetal growth, or gestational length. Here, we present an updated analysis of TCDD exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes from a subsequent follow-up of the SWHS cohort in 2008-2009. SWHS women had 1211 post-explosion pregnancies through the 2008-2009 follow-up. We found no association between TCDD estimated at pregnancy and SAB, fetal growth, or gestational length. However, we found a non-significant inverse association between maternal 1976 serum TCDD and birthweight (adjusted β=-22.8, 95% CI: -80.1, 34.6). The association was stronger among first post-explosion births, but remained non-significant (adjusted β=-47.7, 95% CI: -107.3, 11.9). SWHS is the first study to be able to consider two potentially relevant measures of TCDD exposure: highest lifetime dose and in utero. Our results, although non-significant, suggest that highest dose may be more relevant in epidemiologic studies of TCDD and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Wesselink
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Steven Samuels
- School of Public Health, University of Albany, The State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States.
| | - Aliza Parigi
- University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy.
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Kazi TG, Shah F, Shaikh HR, Afridi HI, Shah A, Arain SS. Exposure of lead to mothers and their new born infants, residents of industrial and domestic areas of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3021-3030. [PMID: 24174313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal and early-life exposure to lead (Pb) is hypothesized to have adverse effects on childhood health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prenatal exposure to Pb and its adverse effects on mothers and their infants who are residents of industrial (exposed) and domestic areas (referents) in Karachi, Pakistan. The biological samples (scalp hair and blood) of mother-infants pairs were analyzed for Pb levels by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion method. The Pb levels in scalp hair and blood samples of exposed mothers were found in the range of 7.52-8.70 μg/g and 115-270 μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those values obtained for referent mothers (p < 0.001). The Pb levels in the blood (umbilical cord) and hair of neonates of exposed mother that were found in the range of 83-178 μg/L and 4.95-7.23 μg/g, respectively, were significantly higher than the obtained values of referent neonates (p > 0.001). The correlation between maternal and cord blood of both groups was found in the range of 0.708-0.724 (p < 0.01). It was observed that there were higher Pb burdens in exposed mothers and their infants as compared to referent mothers-neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem G Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan,
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Medical and sociodemographic risk factors for preterm birth in a French Caribbean population of African descent. Matern Child Health J 2014; 17:1103-11. [PMID: 22923284 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There appears to be an incompressible high rate of preterm births among populations of African origin irrespective of their geographic location. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for preterm birth in a French Caribbean population of African descent, offered medical care comparable to that on the French mainland, but presenting a higher rate of preterm birth. The study was based on a birth cohort at maternity hospitals in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) including 911 singleton pregnancies enrolled during their third trimester check-up visits. Associations between risk factors and the risk of preterm delivery (spontaneous and induced) were assessed using a multivariate Cox model. In addition, prevalences of sociodemographic and medical factors in Guadeloupe were compared with those on the French mainland. 144 women (15.8 %) delivered preterm, medically induced in 52 %. Women delivering preterm were more often over 35 years old (37 %), single (54 %), and had higher prevalence of prior preterm birth (20 %), prior miscarriage (37 %), lupus (3 %), asthma (14 %), gestational hypertension (26 %), gestational diabetes (13 %) and urinary tract infection (24 %) than women with term births. In the whole cohort, these risk factors were also more frequent than in mainland France. Our results suggest highly prevalent medical risk factors for preterm births in Guadeloupe. This observation combined with specific social risk factors (older maternal age, single living) less frequent on the French mainland probably explains a large part of a higher prevalence of preterm births in this population despite similar medical provision.
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Basterrechea M, Lertxundi A, Iñiguez C, Mendez M, Murcia M, Mozo I, Goñi F, Grimalt J, Fernández M, Guxens M. Prenatal exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and reproductive effects in a multicentre birth cohort in Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 466-467:770-776. [PMID: 23973543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible association between birth size or gestational length and maternal serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in a population exposed to background levels. METHODS A total of 1568 mother-child pairs recruited in three Spanish areas (INMA Project) from 2004 to 2008 participated in the study. Multivariate analysis was performed between birth weight and length, weeks of gestation, preterm birth or small for gestational age and HCB concentrations in maternal serum. RESULTS The median concentration of HCB was 45.45 ng/g lipids. No association was found between HCB exposure levels and birth weight (β: -50.42 [-109.88; 9.04]), birth length (β: -0.07 [-0.32; 0.18]), gestation age (HR: 1.07 [0.94; 1.22]), small for gestational age (OR: 0.95 [0.56; 1.61]) and preterm birth (OR: 0.60 [0.29; 1.28]). Results remain similar after adjustment for other organochlorines. CONCLUSION Our findings support the idea that exposure to low levels of HCB does not affect the intrauterine growth nor the duration of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Basterrechea
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain.
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Slama R, Ballester F, Casas M, Cordier S, Eggesbø M, Iniguez C, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Philippat C, Rey S, Vandentorren S, Vrijheid M. Epidemiologic tools to study the influence of environmental factors on fecundity and pregnancy-related outcomes. Epidemiol Rev 2013; 36:148-64. [PMID: 24363355 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxt011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes entail a large health burden for the mother and offspring; a part of it might be avoided by better understanding the role of environmental factors in their etiology. Our aims were to review the assessment tools to characterize fecundity troubles and pregnancy-related outcomes in human populations and their sensitivity to environmental factors. For each outcome, we reviewed the possible study designs, main sources of bias, and their suggested cures. In terms of study design, for most pregnancy outcomes, cohorts with recruitment early during or even before pregnancy allow efficient characterization of pregnancy-related events, time-varying confounders, and in utero exposures that may impact birth outcomes and child health. Studies on congenital anomalies require specific designs, assessment of anomalies in medical pregnancy terminations, and, for congenital anomalies diagnosed postnatally, follow-up during several months after birth. Statistical analyses should take into account environmental exposures during the relevant time windows; survival models are an appropriate approach for fecundity, fetal loss, and gestational duration/preterm delivery. Analysis of gestational duration could distinguish pregnancies according to delivery induction (and possibly pregnancy-related conditions). In conclusion, careful design and analysis are required to better characterize environmental effects on human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Slama
- Abbreviations: PROM, premature rupture of the fetal membranes; TTP, time to pregnancy
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Patel AB, Dhande LA, Pusdekar YV, Borkar JA, Badhoniya NB, Hibberd PL. Childhood illness in households using biomass fuels in India: secondary data analysis of nationally representative national family health surveys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013; 19:35-42. [DOI: 10.1179/2049396712y.0000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chen Zee E, Cornet P, Lazimi G, Rondet C, Lochard M, Magnier AM, Ibanez G. [Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on birth outcomes]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 41:601-10. [PMID: 24120149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disruptors are ubiquitous chemicals contaminants in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Their adverse effects on reproduction are well-documented. There is growing evidence that they can contribute to the current emergence of chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES Our aim is to assess the relationships between endocrine disruptors and the neonatal health outcomes. METHODS Two persons have independently reviewed Medline and Toxline databases about the following pollutants: bisphenol A, phthalates, parabens, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds. Only the human epidemiological studies, in general population with an abstract available, published between 2007 January the 1st and 2011 December the 31st, were analysed. The quality of each study was assessed with the Strobe score. RESULTS Twenty-five out of 680 studies were included in the analysis. All pollutants were widely detected in maternal and new borns samples. Most of the studies have shown associations between bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds and lower birth weight. The effects on gestational age were less documented and have shown no clear connection. Results for phthalates were more ambiguous. Only one non-instructive study was found on parabens. DISCUSSION Due to the inherent methological bias on endocrine disruptors research, further additional studies on environmental health must be investigated. It seems necessary to adopt preventive health measures first for vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chen Zee
- Département de médecine générale, faculté de médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 27, rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
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Huppé V, Kestens Y, Auger N, Daniel M, Smargiassi A. Residential proximity to gasoline service stations and preterm birth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:7186-7193. [PMID: 23625119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a growing public health problem potentially associated with ambient air pollution. Gasoline service stations can emit atmospheric pollutants, including volatile organic compounds potentially implicated in PTB. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between residential proximity to gasoline service stations and PTB. Singleton live births on the Island of Montreal from 1994 to 2006 were obtained (n=267,478). Gasoline service station locations, presence of heavy-traffic roads, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) were determined using a geographic information system. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between PTB and residential proximity to gasoline service stations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 500 m), accounting for maternal covariates, neighborhood SES, and heavy-traffic roads. For all distance categories beyond 50 m, presence of service stations was associated with a greater odds of PTB. Associations were robust to adjustment for maternal covariates for distance categories of 150 and 200 m but were nullified when adjusting for neighborhood SES. In analyses accounting for the number of service stations, the likelihood of PTB within 250 m was statistically significant in unadjusted models. Associations were, however, nullified in models accounting for maternal covariates or neighborhood SES. Our results suggest that there is no clear association between residential proximity to gasoline service stations in Montreal and PTB. Given the correlation between proximity of gasoline service stations and SES, it is difficult to delineate the role of these factors in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Huppé
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada,
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50
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Slama R, Cordier S. Impact des facteurs environnementaux physiques et chimiques sur le déroulement et les issues de grossesse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 42:413-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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