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Zapała B, Marszalec P, Piwowar M, Chmura O, Milewicz T. Reduction in the Free Androgen Index in Overweight Women After Sixty Days of a Low Glycemic Diet. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 132:6-14. [PMID: 38237611 PMCID: PMC10796197 DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperandrogenism is among the most common endocrine disorders in women. Clinically, it manifests as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. A healthy lifestyle, including nutritious dietary patterns and physical activity, may influence the clinical manifestation of the disease. This study determined the effect of a low-glycemic index anti-inflammatory diet on testosterone levels and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and clinical symptoms in hyperandrogenic women at their reproductive age. METHODS The study included 44 overweight and obese women diagnosed with hyperandrogenism. The anthropometrics (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference), physical activity, and dietary habits were assessed using valid questionnaires, scales, stadiometer, and tape meter. The significant p-value was <0.001. Serum testosterone and SHBG levels were measured using automated immunoassay instruments. RESULTS The intervention based on a low-glycemic index diet with anti-inflammatory elements and slight energy deficit decreased total testosterone levels (p<0.003), increased SHBG levels (p<0.001), and decreased the free androgen index (FAI; p<0.001). Post-intervention, overall well-being was much higher than in the pre-intervention period (p<0.001), and stress was diminished (p<0.001). Western nutritional patterns positively correlate with clinical hyperandrogenism progression, whereas several factors of the low-glycemic index diet with anti-inflammatory elements and slight energy deficit positively associate with reduced clinical hyperandrogenism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In overweight and obese women, proper selection of diet, introduction of moderate physical activity, and reduction in weight, stress factors, and alcohol consumption translate into several positive effects, including reduced FAI and symptoms such as acne, hirsutism, menstrual disorders, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zapała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow,
Poland
| | - Patrycja Marszalec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Piwowar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olaf Chmura
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Milewicz
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Baqer Ali E, Alhamza A, Zaboon IA, Alidrisi HA, Mansour AA. Fasting Versus Non-Fasting Total Testosterone Levels in Women During the Childbearing Period. Cureus 2023; 15:e35462. [PMID: 36994254 PMCID: PMC10042517 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Total testosterone in men should be measured in the fasting state early in the morning with at least two samples according to guidelines. For women, no such a recommendation is available despite the importance of testosterone in this demographic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of fasting versus non-fasting state on the total testosterone levels in women during the reproductive period. Methods This study was conducted at Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center in Basrah, (Southern Iraq) between January 2022 to November 2022. The total enrolled women were 109; their age was 18-45 years. The presentation was for different complaints; 56 presented for medical consultation with 45 apparently healthy women accompanying the patients as well as eight volunteering female doctors. Testosterone levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays using the Roche Cobas e411 platform (Roche Holding, Basel, Switzerland). Two samples were collected from each woman; one was fasting and another was non-fasting the following day, and all samples were taken before 10 am. Results For all of the participants, the mean ± SD fasting was significantly higher as compared to the non-fasting testosterone (27.39±18.8 ng/dL and 24.47±18.6 ng/dL respectively, p-value 0.01). The mean fasting testosterone level was also significantly higher in the apparently healthy group, (p-value 0.01). In women who presented with hirsutism, menstrual irregularities and or hair fall, no difference was seen in the testosterone levels between fasting and non-fasting states (p-value 0.4). Conclusion In the apparently healthy women of childbearing age, serum testosterone levels were higher in the fasting versus the non-fasting states. In women who presented with complaints of hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, and or hair fall, the serum testosterone levels were not affected by the fasting states.
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Cowan S, Lim S, Alycia C, Pirotta S, Thomson R, Gibson-Helm M, Blackmore R, Naderpoor N, Bennett C, Ee C, Rao V, Mousa A, Alesi S, Moran L. Lifestyle management in polycystic ovary syndrome - beyond diet and physical activity. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36647089 PMCID: PMC9841505 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition affecting reproductive-aged women with reproductive, metabolic and psychological consequences. Weight and lifestyle (diet, physical activity and behavioural) management are first-line therapy in international evidence-based guidelines for PCOS. While these recommend following population-level diet and physical activity guidelines, there is ongoing interest and research in the potential benefit of including psychological and sleep interventions, as well as a range of traditional, complimentary and integrative medicine (TCIM) approaches, for optimal management of PCOS. There is limited evidence to recommend a specific diet composition for PCOS with approaches including modifying protein, carbohydrate or fat quality or quantity generally having similar effects on the presentations of PCOS. With regards to physical activity, promising evidence supports the provision of vigorous aerobic exercise, which has been shown to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance. Psychological and sleep interventions are also important considerations, with women displaying poor emotional wellbeing and higher rates of clinical and subclinical sleep disturbance, potentially limiting their ability to make positive lifestyle change. While optimising sleep and emotional wellbeing may aid symptom management in PCOS, research exploring the efficacy of clinical interventions is lacking. Uptake of TCIM approaches, in particular supplement and herbal medicine use, by women with PCOS is growing. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to support integration into routine clinical practice. Research investigating inositol supplementation have produced the most promising findings, showing improved metabolic profiles and reduced hyperandrogenism. Findings for other supplements, herbal medicines, acupuncture and yoga is so far inconsistent, and to reduce heterogeneity more research in specific PCOS populations, (e.g. defined age and BMI ranges) and consistent approaches to intervention delivery, duration and comparators are needed. While there are a range of lifestyle components in addition to population-recommendations for diet and physical activity of potential benefit in PCOS, robust clinical trials are warranted to expand the relatively limited evidence-base regarding holistic lifestyle management. With consumer interest in holistic healthcare rising, healthcare providers will be required to broaden their knowledge pertaining to how these therapies can be safely and appropriately utilised as adjuncts to conventional medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cowan
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Siew Lim
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chelsea Alycia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Pirotta
- Health and Social Care Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Thomson
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Gibson-Helm
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Te Tātai Hauora o Hine - National Centre for Women's Health Research Aotearoa, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Blackmore
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vibhuti Rao
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Alesi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Zirak Sharkesh E, Keshavarz SA, Nazari L, Abbasi B. The dietary inflammatory index is directly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:698-706. [PMID: 34961961 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between diet and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might be mediated by the inflammatory properties of the diet. The study aimed to investigate the relationships between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with odds of PCOS among the adult population. METHODS In the hospital-based case-control study, 203 patients with PCOS and 291 non-PCOS controls were enroled. DII was calculated via a validated 147-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Thirty-six macro- and micronutrients were extracted from FFQ and used to calculate DII. Employing a case-control design, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained, with a dose-response effect confirmed by the test for trend (p for trend). RESULTS The mean ± SD age and body mass index (BMI) of the study participants were 29.67 ± 5.92 years and 24.51 ± 4.71 kg/m2 , respectively. Compared with controls subjects, PCOS patients had significantly higher weight, BMI, and waist circumferences, but had lower physical activity. PCOS subjects had higher intakes of carbohydrate, cholesterol, and refined grains, but lower intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, vitamin B12 , vitamin D, and dairy as compared to controls. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of DII, those in the highest quartile had a significantly higher OR for PCOS after further adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 0.95-3.22). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that high DII was associated with an increased odds of PCOS diagnosis. Prospective dietary intervention studies and observational prospective cohorts are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zirak Sharkesh
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A Keshavarz
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nazari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center (PGRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Mei S, Ding J, Wang K, Ni Z, Yu J. Mediterranean Diet Combined With a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern in the Treatment of Overweight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients. Front Nutr 2022; 9:876620. [PMID: 35445067 PMCID: PMC9014200 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.876620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the therapeutic effect of a Mediterranean diet (MED) combined with a low-carbohydrate (LC) dietary model in overweight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Methods In this 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial, 72 overweight patients with PCOS were randomly assigned to one of two energy-restricted dietary models: the MED/LC diet or the Low fat (LF) diet. After the intervention, the number of the two groups returned to normal menstruation was counted. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%), serum fasting insulin(FINS), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUIKI), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) were compared between 2 groups before and after intervention. Results MED/LC group had more significant reduction trend in weight (−6.10 ± 1.52 kg vs −4.79 ± 0.97 kg, P < 0.05), BMI (−2.12 ± 0.57 kg/m2 vs −1.78 ± 0.36 kg/m2, P < 0.05), WC (−6.12 ± 5.95 cm vs −3.90 ± 1.58 cm, P < 0.05), WHR (−0.06 ± 0.02 vs −0.03 ± 0.02, P < 0.05), BF% (−2.97% ± 1.78% vs −1.19% ± 0.91%, P < 0.05), TT (−0.20 ± 0.24 ng/mL vs 0.08 ± 0.11 ng/Ml, P < 0.001), LH (−5.28 ± 3.31 mIU/mL vs −3.39 ± 3.64 mIU/mL, P < 0.05), and LH/FSH (−1.18 ± 0.75 vs -0.66 ± 1.05, P < 0.05) compared with the LF group. In addition, FPG (0.05 ± 0.38 mmol/mL vs -0.50 ± 1.01 mmol/mL, P < 0.001), FINS (−4.88 ± 6.11 μU/mL vs −8.53 ± 5.61 μU/mL, P < 0.01), HOMA-IR index (−1.11 ± 1.51 vs −2.23 ± 0.25, P < 0.05), and QUIKI index (0.014 ± 0.016 vs 0.028 ± 0.019, P < 0.05) decreased significantly in the MED/LC group compared with the LF group. Comparing the changes in lipid parameters between the two groups (LF vs MED/LC), significant differences in TG (−0.33 ± 0.32 mmol vs −0.76 ± 0.97 mmol, P < 0.05), TC (−0.40 ± 1.00 mmol vs −1.45 ± 2.00 mmol, P < 0.05), and LDL-C (−0.41 ± 1.05 mmol vs −0.73 ± 0.76 mmol, P < 0.05) were observed. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the MED/LC diet model is a good treatment for overweight PCOS patients, significantly restoring their menstrual cycle, improving their anthropometric parameters and correcting their disturbed endocrine levels, and its overall effectiveness is significantly better than the LF diet model. Therefore, this study recommends that the MED/LC diet model can be used in the clinical treatment of patients with overweight PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Mei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexin Ni
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Mizgier M, Watrowski R, Opydo-Szymaczek J, Jodłowska-Siewert E, Lombardi G, Kędzia W, Jarząbek-Bielecka G. Association of Macronutrients Composition, Physical Activity and Serum Androgen Concentration in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 14:73. [PMID: 35010948 PMCID: PMC8746804 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of dietary macronutrients and physical activity (PA) in patients with PCOS have not been sufficiently reported, especially in adolescent girls. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the associations between serum concentrations of total testosterone (tT), free testosterone (fT), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and dietary macronutrients intake as well as different types and levels of PA. The study population consisted of 96 girls of Caucasian ancestry, aged 14-18 years: 61 participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 35 healthy controls. Serum tT, fT, A, DHEA-S, and SHBG were determined in fasting blood. Macronutrient intake and PA levels were assessed by using the three-day food record method and the Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire (KomPAN), respectively. We found several positive correlations between dietary macronutrients such as total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and hormonal parameters across the entire cohort and in healthy girls. A positive correlation between SHBG and total protein consumption as well as an inverse correlation between SHBG and carbohydrate intake could be determined. No correlation between androgens and macronutrients was found in the PCOS group. In contrast, we observed an inverse correlation between androgen concentrations (except of DHEA-S) and "work/school" and/or "leisure time" PA only in PCOS patients. Moreover, the hormone levels differed according to PA intensity. In conclusion, the impact of diet and PA was strikingly different in adolescents with and without PCOS. These findings indicate that disturbed hormonal homeostasis in PCOS, at least in the youngest patients, likely "overtrump" dietary influences, and otherwise, PA offers a therapeutic potential that requires further evaluation of the long-term effects in randomized studies. (ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04738409.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mizgier
- Dietetic Department, Faculty of Physical Culture, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Rafał Watrowski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Jodłowska-Siewert
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Witold Kędzia
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (W.K.); (G.J.-B.)
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (W.K.); (G.J.-B.)
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Cutler DA, Pride SM, Cheung AP. Low intakes of dietary fiber and magnesium are associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cohort study. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1426-1437. [PMID: 31024716 PMCID: PMC6475723 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have insulin resistance (IR) which may be worsened by obesity. The roles of dietary intake and activity are unclear. Our objectives were to determine whether (a) high caloric intake or inactivity explains obesity in PCOS, and (b) dietary composition is associated with PCOS phenotypes. METHODS Eighty-seven women with PCOS and 50 women without PCOS participated in this cohort study at a reproductive medicine center. Data collected included 3-day food and physical activity records, anthropometrics, and metabolic and hormonal assays. RESULTS Women with PCOS had increased body mass index (BMI) but similar caloric intake and activity to women without PCOS. There were no differences in protein, carbohydrates, fat, or glycemic load consumption, but women with PCOS consumed less fiber (medians: 19.6 vs. 24.7 g) and less magnesium (medians: 238.9 vs. 273.9 mg). In women with PCOS, those with IR consumed less fiber, less magnesium, and greater glycemic load than those without IR (medians: 18.2 vs. 22.1 g, 208.4 vs. 264.5 mg, 89.6 vs. 83.5). Fiber intake of women with PCOS was negatively correlated with IR, fasting insulin, glucose tolerance, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Magnesium intake was negatively correlated with IR, C-reactive protein, and testosterone, but positively correlated with HDL cholesterol. Fiber intake and BMI accounted for 54.0% of the variance observed in IR. CONCLUSIONS Obesity in women with PCOS could not be explained by overeating or inactivity. Increasing dietary fiber and magnesium intakes may assist in reducing IR and hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Cutler
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sheila M. Pride
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Anthony P. Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Grace Fertility & Reproductive MedicineVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is high among reproductive-age women and is associated with impaired reproductive function. Obesity is multifactorial in origin, yet many cases of obesity result from overconsumption of a diet high in fat. Excess dietary fat increases both adipose and nonadipose tissue lipid content and, through lipotoxicity, leads to cell dysfunction and death. High dietary fat intake, with or without the development of obesity, impairs female hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis functionality and fertility. Based on the current evidence, it appears the reproductive dysfunction involves increased leptin and insulin signaling at the various levels of the HPO axis, as well as changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ actions and increased inflammation, yet other mechanisms may also be involved. This review summarizes the current body of knowledge on impaired female reproductive function after high-fat diet exposure, as well as discusses proposed mechanisms through which this may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Terrier JE, Isidori AM. How Food Intakes Modify Testosterone Level. J Sex Med 2016; 13:1292-1296. [PMID: 27555502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Tafazoli M, Fazeli E, Dadgar S, Nematy M. The Association of the Dietary Fat and Functional Ovarian Cysts in Women of Reproductive Age Referring to Three Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2016; 4:148-56. [PMID: 27218112 PMCID: PMC4876783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional ovarian cysts (FOC) are one of the most common gynecological problems among women of reproductive age. Some studies have shown that diet may affect the function of the ovaries, so this study was performed to determine the association between the amount of dietary fat and functional ovarian cysts. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 264 female patients (132 with cyst in the case group and 132 in the control group) aged 13 to 49. The case group had ovarian cyst with a size of less than 8 cm and the control group didn't have any ovarian cyst. Data were collected by questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, and medical and midwifery characteristics questionnaire; the amount of fat in the diet was measured using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean of fat consumption in the case group was 119.84±103.09g and in the control group it was 109.90±54.66g. The result of data analysis showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the amount of fat in the diet and FOC in confidence level of 95% (P=0.056). CONCLUSION According to the findings of this study, the amount of fat consumption was higher in women with ovarian cysts; however, this difference was not statistically significant. In this regard, it is recommended that women of reproductive age should reduce their fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Tafazoli
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Fazeli
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salameh Dadgar
- Ovulation Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Salama AA, Amine EK, Salem HAE, Abd El Fattah NK. Anti-Inflammatory Dietary Combo in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 7:310-6. [PMID: 26258078 PMCID: PMC4525389 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.161246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is of clinical and public health importance, affecting up to one in five women of reproductive age. It has significant and diverse clinical implications including reproductive, metabolic, and psychological features. Aim: The study was to investigate the effect of anti-inflammatory dietary combo on metabolic, endocrine, inflammatory, and reproductive profiles in overweight and obese women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 nonpregnant, overweight, and obese adult females with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, were screened during the year 2012, and 75 completed the trial. At baseline and study end, fasting blood samples were drawn to measure biological markers, body fat percent (BFP), and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed by the InBody720 device and anthropometric measurements were done for all participants who were subjected to an anti-inflammatory hypocaloric diet and physical activity for 12 weeks. Results: At study completion, we achieved moderate weight loss of (± 7%) and significant improvements in body composition, hormones and menstrual cyclicity, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) (surrogate measures of cardiovascular risk (CVR)). This was a clinically relevant weight loss that is associated with a reduced prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the general population and improved fertility outcomes in PCOS. We achieved 63% regain of menstrual cyclicity and 12% spontaneous pregnancy rate within 12 week. Conclusions: We have explored an additional dietary treatment option with good prognostic metabolic and reproductive responses to weight loss that occur in overweight and obese PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Alsayed Salama
- Department of Nutrition, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ezzat Khamis Amine
- Department of Nutrition, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Moran LJ, Ko H, Misso M, Marsh K, Noakes M, Talbot M, Frearson M, Thondan M, Stepto N, Teede HJ. Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113:520-45. [PMID: 23420000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While lifestyle management is recommended as first-line treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the optimal dietary composition is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different diet compositions on anthropometric, reproductive, metabolic, and psychological outcomes in PCOS. A literature search was conducted (Australasian Medical Index, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo, and EBM reviews; most recent search was performed January 19, 2012). Inclusion criteria were women with PCOS not taking anti-obesity medications and all weight-loss or maintenance diets comparing different dietary compositions. Studies were assessed for risk of bias. A total of 4,154 articles were retrieved and six articles from five studies met the a priori selection criteria, with 137 women included. A meta-analysis was not performed due to clinical heterogeneity for factors including participants, dietary intervention composition, duration, and outcomes. There were subtle differences between diets, with greater weight loss for a monounsaturated fat-enriched diet; improved menstrual regularity for a low-glycemic index diet; increased free androgen index for a high-carbohydrate diet; greater reductions in insulin resistance, fibrinogen, total, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for a low-carbohydrate or low-glycemic index diet; improved quality of life for a low-glycemic index diet; and improved depression and self-esteem for a high-protein diet. Weight loss improved the presentation of PCOS regardless of dietary composition in the majority of studies. Weight loss should be targeted in all overweight women with PCOS through reducing caloric intake in the setting of adequate nutritional intake and healthy food choices irrespective of diet composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Moran
- The Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Abstract
There appears to be an epidemic of both obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the world today. However, obesity per se is not a part of the phenotype in many parts of the world. Obesity is likely not a cause of PCOS, as the high prevalence of PCOS among relatively thin populations demonstrates. However, obesity does exacerbate many aspects of the phenotype, especially cardiovascular risk factors such as glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. It is also associated with a poor response to infertility treatment and likely an increased risk for pregnancy complications in those women who do conceive. Although most treatments of obesity, with the exception of bariatric surgery, achieve modest reductions in weight and improvements in the PCOS phenotype, encouraging weight loss in the obese patient remains one of the front-line therapies. However, further studies are needed to identify the best treatments, and the role of lifestyle therapies in women of normal weight with PCOS is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
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Lehtihet M, Arver S, Bartuseviciene I, Pousette Å. S-testosterone decrease after a mixed meal in healthy men independent of SHBG and gonadotrophin levels. Andrologia 2012; 44:405-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lehtihet
- Karolinska Institute; Centre for Andrology and Sexual Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - S. Arver
- Karolinska Institute; Centre for Andrology and Sexual Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - I. Bartuseviciene
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Å. Pousette
- Karolinska Institute; Centre for Andrology and Sexual Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm; Sweden
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15
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Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril 2011; 97:28-38.e25. [PMID: 22153789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1018] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in females, with a high prevalence. The etiology of this heterogeneous condition remains obscure, and its phenotype expression varies. Two widely cited previous ESHRE/ASRM sponsored PCOS consensus workshops focused on diagnosis (published in 2004) and infertility management (published in 2008), respectively. The present third PCOS consensus report summarizes current knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps regarding various women's health aspects of PCOS. Relevant topics addressed-all dealt with in a systematic fashion-include adolescence, hirsutism and acne, contraception, menstrual cycle abnormalities, quality of life, ethnicity, pregnancy complications, long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health, and finally cancer risk. Additional, comprehensive background information is provided separately in an extended online publication.
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Ladson G, Dodson WC, Sweet SD, Archibong AE, Kunselman AR, Demers LM, Williams NI, Coney P, Legro RS. Racial influence on the polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype: a black and white case-control study. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:224-229.e2. [PMID: 21723443 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate racial disparities in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype between white and black women with PCOS. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Two academic medical centers. PATIENT(S) A total of 242 women not taking confounding medications in otherwise good health. INTERVENTION(S) Phenotyping during the follicular phase or anovulation after an overnight fast in women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Biometric, serum hormones, glycemic and metabolic parameters, and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULT(S) We studied 77 white and 43 black women with PCOS and 35 white and 87 black controls. Black women with PCOS were similar reproductively to white women with PCOS. Black women with PCOS had lower levels of serum transaminases, higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mean difference [MD], 18.2 mg/dL; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 14.3, 22.1 mg/dL), lower triglyceride levels (MD, -43.2 mg/dL; 95% CI, -64.5, -21.9), and enhanced insulinogenic index on the oral glucose tolerance test compared with white women with PCOS. Black women with PCOS had higher bone mineral density (MD, 0.1 g/cm(2); 95% CI, 0.1, 0.2 g/cm(2)), lower percent body fat on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (MD, -2.8%; 95% CI, -5.1%, -0.5%), and overall a higher quality of life. Although most of these findings disappeared when the differences with racially matched controls were compared, black women with PCOS compared with black controls had lower estradiol levels than white women with PCOS compared with white controls (MD, -12.9 pg/mL; 95% CI, -24.9, -0.8 pg/mL), higher systolic blood pressure (MD, 9.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.8, 17.4 mm Hg), and lower fasting glucose levels (MD, -12.0 mg/dL; 95% CI, -22.3, -1.7 mg/dL). CONCLUSION(S) Racial disparities in PCOS phenotype are minor and mixed. Future studies should explore if race impacts treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwinnett Ladson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ladson G, Dodson WC, Sweet SD, Archibong AE, Kunselman AR, Demers LM, Lee PA, Williams NI, Coney P, Legro RS. Effects of metformin in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome undertaking lifestyle therapy: a pilot randomized double-blind study. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2595-8.e1-6. [PMID: 21704212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our small study does not support the addition of metformin to the lifestyle of adolescents. Although there are favorable trends toward hyperandrogenism with metformin, these must be balanced against the increased rate of gastrointestinal side effects. However, other treatments were associated with an improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwinnett Ladson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ladson G, Dodson WC, Sweet SD, Archibong AE, Kunselman AR, Demers LM, Williams NI, Coney P, Legro RS. The effects of metformin with lifestyle therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind study. Fertil Steril 2010; 95:1059-66.e1-7. [PMID: 21193187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the combination of lifestyle (caloric restriction and exercise) and metformin (MET) would be superior to lifestyle and placebo (PBO) in improving the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype. DESIGN Double-blind randomized 6-month trial of MET versus PBO. SETTING Two academic medical centers. PATIENT(S) One hundred fourteen subjects with PCOS were randomized to MET (N = 55) or PBO (N = 59). INTERVENTION(S) Subjects collected urine daily for ovulation monitoring, had monthly monitoring of hormones and weight and determination of body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, glucose tolerance, and were evaluated for quality of life at baseline and completion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ovulation rates and testosterone levels. RESULT(S) Dropout rates were high. There was no significant difference in ovulation rates. Testosterone levels were significantly lower compared with baseline in the MET group at 3 mos but not at 6 mos. There were no differences in weight loss between groups, but MET showed a significant decline at 6 months compared with baseline (-3.4 kg, 95% confidence interval -5.3 to -1.5 kg). We noted divergent effects of MET versus PBO on oral glucose tolerance test indices of insulin sensitivity (increased) and secretion (worsened). Total bone mineral density increased significantly in MET. There were no differences in quality of life measures between the groups. The MET group had increased diarrhea and headache, but fewer bladder infections and musculoskeletal complaints. CONCLUSION(S) The addition of metformin to lifestyle therapy produced little reproductive or glycemic benefit in women with PCOS, although our study had limited power owing to a high dropout rate. It is not possible at baseline to identify women likely to drop out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwinnett Ladson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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IS THERE A NEED FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE DIETARY TREATMENT OF WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME? Nutr Diet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2009.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of fertile age. Obesity is encountered in 30-70% of PCOS-affected women, and its presence significantly modifies both clinical and laboratory expression of the syndrome. Obesity increases the risk of co-morbidities associated with PCOS, such as impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and arterial hypertension. The etiopathogenesis of obesity in PCOS has not yet been exactly clarified. There clearly is a vicious circle of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperadrogenemia. Differences in ghrelin and neuropeptide Y levels between PCOS patients and those with simple obesity were also described. Weight loss is the first choice recommendation for the treatment of clinical manifestations of PCOS, such as menstrual cycle irregularities, infertility or hirsutism. However, the best treatment approach in obese PCOS patients remains to be defined. Studies concerning different weight loss regimens, antiobesity drugs, bariatric surgery, insulin sensitizers, and hormonal therapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vrbikova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Obesity Management Centre, Prague, Czech Republic.
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