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Chouksey S, Ashfaq MA, Kaira P, Farhat S, Pandey M, Kumar CA, Nagaraja Reddy RR. Development of highly discriminatory SCoT- and CBDP-based SCAR fingerprint for authentication of Indian senna ( Senna alexandrina Mill.) formerly Cassia angustifolia Vahl.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1424665. [PMID: 39027666 PMCID: PMC11255980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1424665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Indian senna (Senna alexandrina Mill.) (formerly Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) is an important medicinal plant of the family Fabaceae. The leaves and pods of Indian senna yield sennosides and rhein-based laxative. Adulteration of Indian senna is a serious issue as with most of the medicinal plants used in the Indian systems of traditional medicine. The bulk of dried leaves and pods of morphologically related species, such as Cassia fistula, Senna occidentalis, Senna sophera, and Senna tora, is usually mixed with those of the Indian senna, and the admixture is used in laxative-based formulations. The present investigation is a modest attempt at developing species-specific start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism- and CAAT-box-derived polymorphism (CBDP)-based sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for the identification and authentication of Indian senna and four adulterant species (C. fistula, S. occidentalis, S. sophera, and S. tora species). Methods In this study, genomic DNA extracted from 44 accessions of Indian senna and four adulterant species was subjected to SCoT and CBDP PCR. The polymorphic amplicons were identified, eluted, ligated, and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 α strain. PCR, restriction analysis, and DNA sequencing confirmed the transformed recombinant plasmid clones. Results Post-sequencing, the sequence of the primary SCoT and CBDP primers was analyzed and extended into the unique signature sequence of the concerned accessions. This resulted in development of one SCoT-44- and two CBDP-25-based SCARs. SCoT-44 SCAR produced a signature amplicon of 287 bp for accession DCA120, and CBDP-25 SCAR yielded signature amplicons of 575 and 345 bp for accessions DCA13 and DCA119, respectively. The developed SCAR markers were validated across 48 samples (44 accessions of Indian senna and 4 adulterant species) and produced distinct amplicons in Indian senna only, while no such amplicon was observed in the other four adulterant species. Discussion The information generated using these markers have been faithfully converted to single-locus, unequivocal, highly reproducible, and informative sequence-based SCAR markers. These markers will enable discrimination of individual plants on the basis of unique sequence-specific amplicons, which could be used as diagnostic markers to settle issues pertaining to the true identity of Indian senna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chouksey
- Biochemistry Discipline, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pushkar Kaira
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabnam Farhat
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Maneesha Pandey
- Biochemistry Discipline, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ch. Anil Kumar
- Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rama Reddy Nagaraja Reddy
- Plant Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (ICAR-DMAPR), Boriavi Anand, Gujarat, India
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Berindean IV, Taoutaou A, Rida S, Ona AD, Stefan MF, Costin A, Racz I, Muntean L. Modern Breeding Strategies and Tools for Durable Late Blight Resistance in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1711. [PMID: 38931143 PMCID: PMC11207681 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a major crop worldwide. It occupies the second place after cereals (corn, rice, and wheat). This important crop is threatened by the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the agent of late blight disease. This pathogen was first encountered during the Irish famine during the 1840s and is a reemerging threat to potatoes. It is mainly controlled chemically by using fungicides, but due to health and environmental concerns, the best alternative is resistance. When there is no disease, no treatment is required. In this study, we present a summary of the ongoing efforts concerning resistance breeding of potato against this devastating pathogen, P. infestans. This work begins with the search for and selection of resistance genes, whether they are from within or from outside the species. The genetic methods developed to date for gene mining, such as effectoromics and GWAS, provide researchers with the ability to identify genes of interest more efficiently. Once identified, these genes are cloned using molecular markers (MAS or QRL) and can then be introduced into different cultivars using somatic hybridization or recombinant DNA technology. More innovative technologies have been developed lately, such as gene editing using the CRISPR system or gene silencing, by exploiting iRNA strategies that have emerged as promising tools for managing Phytophthora infestans, which can be employed. Also, gene pyramiding or gene stacking, which involves the accumulation of two or more R genes on the same individual plant, is an innovative method that has yielded many promising results. All these advances related to the development of molecular techniques for obtaining new potato cultivars resistant to P. infestans can contribute not only to reducing losses in agriculture but especially to ensuring food security and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Virginia Berindean
- Department of Crops Sciences: Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.V.B.)
| | - Abdelmoumen Taoutaou
- Laboratoire de Phytopathologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Département de Botanique, École Nationale, Supérieure Agronomique, Avenue Pasteur (ENSA-ES 1603), Hassan Badi, El-Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria
| | - Soumeya Rida
- Département d’Agronomie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie (SNV), Université Chadli Bendjedid, BP N°73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria
| | - Andreea Daniela Ona
- Department of Crops Sciences: Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.D.O.)
| | - Maria Floriana Stefan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet Braşov, Fundaturii Street 2, 500470 Braşov, Romania
| | - Alexandru Costin
- Department of Crops Sciences: Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.D.O.)
| | - Ionut Racz
- Department of Crops Sciences: Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.V.B.)
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Crops Sciences: Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.D.O.)
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Toriello C, Duarte-Escalante E, Frías-De-León MG, Brunner-Mendoza C, Navarro-Barranco H, Reyes-Montes MDR. Development of SCAR Markers for Genetic Authentication of Metarhizium acridum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:269. [PMID: 38667940 PMCID: PMC11050984 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, molecular typing using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) was conducted on 16 original isolates of Metarhizium acridum obtained from locusts (Schistocerca piceifrons ssp. piceifrons.) in Mexico (MX). The analysis included reference strains of the genus Metarhizium sourced from various geographical regions. The isolates were identified by phenotypic (macro and micromorphology) and genotypic methods (RAPD-PCR and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP), through a multidimensional analysis of principal coordinates (PCoA) and a minimum spanning network (MST). Subsequently, Sequences-Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers were developed for the molecular detection of M. acridum, these markers were chosen from polymorphic patterns obtained with 14 primers via RAPD-PCR. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization identified the MX isolates as M. acridum. Of all the polymorphic patterns obtained, only OPA04 and OPA05 were chosen, which presented species-specific bands for M. acridum, and further utilized to create SCAR markers through cloning and sequencing of the specific bands. The specificity of these two markers was confirmed via Southern hybridization. The SCAR markers (Ma-160OPA-05 and Ma-151OPA-04) exhibit remarkable sensitivity, detecting down to less than 0.1 ng, as well as high specificity, as evidenced by their inability to cross-amplify or generate amplification with DNAs from other strains of Metarhizium (as Metarhizium anisopliae) or different genera of entomopathogenic fungi (Cordyceps fumosorosea and Akanthomyces lecanii). These SCAR markers yield readily detectable results, showcasing high reproducibility. They serve as a valuable tool, especially in field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Toriello
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.T.); (E.D.-E.); (C.B.-M.); (H.N.-B.)
| | - Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.T.); (E.D.-E.); (C.B.-M.); (H.N.-B.)
| | - María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Carolina Brunner-Mendoza
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.T.); (E.D.-E.); (C.B.-M.); (H.N.-B.)
| | - Hortensia Navarro-Barranco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.T.); (E.D.-E.); (C.B.-M.); (H.N.-B.)
| | - María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.T.); (E.D.-E.); (C.B.-M.); (H.N.-B.)
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Ragupathy S, Thirugnanasambandam A, Vinayagam V, Newmaster SG. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Fingerprints and Mini DNA Markers for the Authentication of Cinnamon Species Ingredients Used in Food and Natural Health Products. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:841. [PMID: 38592863 PMCID: PMC10975438 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum (syn C. zeylanicum) is considered 'true' cinnamon. However, it is reported that less expensive sources of cinnamon from C. cassia (syn C. aromaticum), C. loureiroi, and C. burmannii (toxic coumarin) may be used in the place of C. verum. We lack the quality assurance tools that are required to differentiate C. verum from other cinnamon species when verifying that the correct species is sourced from ingredient suppliers. The current research on cinnamon species authentication using DNA tools is limited to a few species and the use of high-quality DNA extracted from raw leaf materials. The cinnamon bark traded in the supply chain contains much less DNA and poorer-quality DNA than leaves. Our research advances DNA methods to authenticate cinnamon, as we utilized full-length chloroplast genomes via a genome skimming approach for C. burmannii and C. cassia to facilitate the design of optimal mini DNA markers. Furthermore, we developed and validated the use of NMR fingerprints for several commercial cinnamon species, including the quantification of 16 molecules. NMR fingerprints provided additional data that were useful for quality assessment in cinnamon extract powders and product consistency. Both the new mini DNA markers and NMR fingerprints were tested on commercial cinnamon products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Ragupathy
- Natural Health Products (NHP) Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.V.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Arunachalam Thirugnanasambandam
- Natural Health Products (NHP) Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.V.); (S.G.N.)
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Gangwar H, Gahlaut V, Chauhan R, Singh S, Jaiswal V. Development of species-specific ISSR-derived SCAR marker for early discrimination between Cinnamomum verum and Cinnamomum cassia. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6311-6321. [PMID: 37306873 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum verum (true cinnamon) and Cinnamomum cassia (cassia cinnamon) are two important species belonging to family Lauraceae. These species are recognized by morphological, chemical composition and essential oil contents. The appropriate identification of species would be considerably improved by a genetic method. The main objective of the present study was to develop molecular markers distinguishing between C. verum and C. cassia. METHODS AND RESULTS A total 71 ISSR (Inter simple sequence repeat) and four universal barcoding (ITS, rbcL, matK, and psbA-trnH) genes were used to distinguish both the species. No sequence variation was observed between the two species for any DNA barcode gene. However, one ISSR i.e. ISSR-37 showed a clear distinction between the species and produced 570 bp and 746 bp amplicons in C. verum and C. cassia, respectively. The polymorphic bands were converted into species-specific SCAR markers. The SCAR-CV was specific to C. verum and amplified 190 bp band, however there was no amplification seen in the C. cassia samples. CONCLUSION The SCAR marker generated in this study can be employed as efficient, economical, and reliable molecular tool for the identification of C. verum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Gangwar
- Biotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Department of Biotechnology and University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Ramesh Chauhan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Agrotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Satbeer Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Agrotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhou N, Tang L, Xie P, Miao K, Yang C, Liu H, Ji Y. Genome skimming as an efficient tool for authenticating commercial products of the pharmaceutically important Paris yunnanensis (Melanthiaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:344. [PMID: 37380980 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paris yunnanensis (Melanthiaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant of significant pharmaceutical importance. Due to previous taxonomic confusion, a congeneric species, Paris liiana, has been mistaken for P. yunnanensis and cultivated on a large scale, leading to the mixing of commercial products (i.e., seedlings and processed rhizomes) of P. yunnanensis with those of P. liiana. This may have adverse effects on quality control in the standardization of P. yunnanensis productions. As the lack of PCR amplifiable genomic DNA within processed rhizomes is an intractable obstacle to the authentication of P. yunnanensis products using PCR-based diagnostic tools, this study aimed to develop a PCR-free method to authenticate commercial P. yunnanensis products, by applying genome skimming to generate complete plastomes and nrDNA arrays for use as the molecular tags. RESULTS Based on a dense intraspecies sampling of P. liiana and P. yunnanensis, the robustness of the proposed authentication systems was evaluated by phylogenetic inferences and experimental authentication of commercial seedling and processed rhizome samples. The results indicate that the genetic criteria of both complete plastomes and nrDNA arrays were consistent with the species boundaries to achieve accurate discrimination of P. yunnanensis and P. liinna. Owing to its desirable accuracy and sensitivity, genome skimming can serve as an effective and sensitive tool for monitoring and controlling the trade of P. yunnanensis products. CONCLUSION This study provides a new way to solve the long-standing problem of the molecular authentication of processed plant products due to the lack of PCR amplifiable genomic DNA. The proposed authentication system will support quality control in the standardization of P. yunnanensis products in cultivation and drug production. This study also provides molecular evidence to clarify the long-standing taxonomic confusion regarding the species delimitation of P. yunnanensis, which will contribute to the rational exploration and conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lilei Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingxuan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjin Yang
- Yunnan Baiyao Group, Chinese Medicinal Resources Co. LTD, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yunheng Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Population, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Balogh RE, Csorbai B, Guti C, Keszte S, Urbányi B, Orbán L, Kovács B. Validation of a male-specific DNA marker confirms XX/XY-type sex determination in several Hungarian strains of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology 2023; 205:106-113. [PMID: 37116410 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a promising food fish species with significant potential and growing mass of production in freshwater aquaculture. Male African catfish possess improved production characteristics over females, therefore the use of monosex populations could be advantageous for aquaculture production. However, our knowledge about the sex determination mechanism of this species is still limited and controversial. A previously isolated male-specific DNA marker (CgaY1) was validated using offspring groups from targeted crosses (n = 630) and it was found to predict the sex of 608 individuals correctly (96.43% accuracy). Using the proportion of recombinants, we estimated the average genetic distance between the potential sex determination locus and the sex-specific marker to be 3.57 cM. As an earlier study suggested that both XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems coexist in this species, we tested the applicability of their putative 'moderately sex-linked loci' and found that no sex-specific amplification could be detected for any of them. In addition, temperature-induced masculinization suggested by others was also tested, but no such effect was detected in our stocks when the published parameters were used for heat treatment. Altogether, our results support an exclusive XX/XY sex determination system in our African catfish stock and indicate a good potential for the future use of this male-specific DNA marker in research and commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Enikő Balogh
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Csorbai
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Csaba Guti
- The Hungarian National Fishing Association, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Keszte
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Orbán
- Frontline Fish Genomics Research Group, Department of Applied Fish Biology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Kovács
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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Alavilli H, Poli Y, Verma KS, Kumar V, Gupta S, Chaudhary V, Jyoti A, Sahi SV, Kothari SL, Jain A. Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera: Status of the Genetic Diversity, Breeding, In Vitro Propagation, and a Cogent Source of Commercial Functional Food and Non-Food Products. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3132. [PMID: 36432862 PMCID: PMC9694164 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a fast-growing drought-resistant tree belonging to the family Moringaceae and native to the Indian subcontinent and cultivated and/or naturalized worldwide with a semi-arid climate. MO is also popularly known as a miracle tree for its repertoire of nutraceutical, pharmacological, and phytochemical properties. The MO germplasm is collected, conserved, and maintained by various institutions across the globe. Various morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers are used for determining the genetic diversity in MO accessions. A higher yield of leaves and pods is often desirable for making various products with commercial viability and amenable for trade in the international market. Therefore, breeding elite varieties adapted to local agroclimatic conditions and in vitro propagation are viable and sustainable approaches. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of MO germplasm conservation and various markers that are employed for assessing the genetic diversity among them. Further, breeding and in vitro propagation of MO for various desirable agronomic traits are discussed. Finally, trade and commerce of various functional and biofortified foods and non-food products are enumerated albeit with a need for a rigorous and stringent toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yugandhar Poli
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - Kumar Sambhav Verma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India
| | - Vigi Chaudhary
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Biotechnology Department, Chandigarh University, National Highway-95, Ludhiana-Chandigarh State Highway, Chandigarh 160055, India
| | - Shivendra V. Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University (University City Campus), 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shanker Lal Kothari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
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Chauhan S, Mandliya T, Jain D, Joshi A, Lal Khatik C, Singh A, Upadhyay SK, Jain R. Early selective strategies for higher yielding bio-economic Indian Ginseng based on genotypic study through metabolic and molecular markers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3051-3061. [PMID: 35531148 PMCID: PMC9073062 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Sun CS, Wang YQ, Zhang ZL, Liou Y, Zhou HH. Distinctive quality control method for solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae from strain Ic-17-7 and application in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:921-929. [PMID: 34961590 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work was aimed to establish a quality control method for evaluating the effects on glucose and lipids of the fruiting body of Isaria cicadae Miquel from strain Ic-17-7 (Ic-17-7fb) using a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Random amplified polymorphic DNA, sequence-characterized amplified region, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for the quality control of Ic-17-7fb. The pharmacological effects on streptozocin (STZ)-induced high fat diet (HFD)-fed Albino Wistar rats were evaluated. The rats underwent the following treatments: control, metformin, Ic-17-7fb (0.166 and 0.5 g·kg-1) or without treatment. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) were measured. Ic-17-7fb amplified a single specific band by S11-2-F3 and S11-2-R3 primers. An HPLC-based quality and quantity method was established for industrial application. The contents of adenosine and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA) of the cultivated Ic-17-7fb were analyzed. All of the validation lots of cultured Ic-17-7fb passed the quantity control of the training set (0.90 mg·g-1 of adenosine and 0.89 mg·g-1 of HEA). After two weeks of administration, the average FBG was 4.89 ± 0.42 (control), 26.10 ± 5.77 (model), 23.63 ± 6.15 (metformin), 17.96 ± 9.36 (Ic-17-7fb for 0.166 g·kg-1), and 19.69 ± 8.71 mmol·L-1 (Ic-17-7fb for 0.5 g·kg-1). The FBG of Ic-17-7fb (0.166 g·kg-1) treatment significantly reduced by 31.19%, compared with the model after two weeks of administration (P < 0.01). Metformin, Ic-17-7fb (0.166 g·kg -1), and Ic-17-7fb (0.5 g·kg-1) reduced TC, TG, HDL-c, and LDL-c compared with the T2DM model treatment at the 6th week of treatment (P < 0.05). This study established the first quality standard for Ic-17-7fb, which can be effectively applied in the treatment of T2DM. The reliable quality control method and pharmacological effect will broaden its application space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; China Zhejiang Bioasia Life Science Institute, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Yu-Qin Wang
- China Zhejiang Bioasia Life Science Institute, Pinghu 314200, China.
| | | | - Yuligh Liou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China.
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Ghosh A, Jangra S, Dietzgen RG, Yeh WB. Frontiers Approaches to the Diagnosis of Thrips (Thysanoptera): How Effective Are the Molecular and Electronic Detection Platforms? INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100920. [PMID: 34680689 PMCID: PMC8540714 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Thrips are important agricultural and forest pests. They cause damage by sucking plant sap and transmitting several plant viruses. Correct identification is the key for epidemiological studies and formulating appropriate management strategies. The application of molecular and electronic detection platforms has improved the morphological character-based diagnosis of thrips species. This article reviews research on molecular and automated identification of thrips species and discusses future research strategies for rapid and high throughput thrips diagnosis. Abstract Thrips are insect pests of economically important agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops. They cause damage by sucking plant sap and by transmitting several tospoviruses, ilarviruses, carmoviruses, sobemoviruses, and machlomoviruses. Accurate and timely identification is the key to successful management of thrips species. However, their small size, cryptic nature, presence of color and reproductive morphs, and intraspecies genetic variability make the identification of thrips species challenging. The use of molecular and electronic detection platforms has made thrips identification rapid, precise, sensitive, high throughput, and independent of developmental stages. Multi-locus phylogeny based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and other markers has resolved ambiguities in morphologically indistinguishable thrips species. Microsatellite, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and CAPS markers have helped to explain population structure, gene flow, and intraspecies heterogeneity. Recent techniques such as LAMP and RPA have been employed for sensitive and on-site identification of thrips. Artificial neural networks and high throughput diagnostics facilitate automated identification. This review also discusses the potential of pyrosequencing, microarrays, high throughput sequencing, and electronic sensors in delimiting thrips species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalendu Ghosh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Sumit Jangra
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
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Noh P, Kim WJ, Yang S, Choi G, Moon BC. PCR-based rapid diagnostic tools for the authentication of medicinal mistletoe species. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153667. [PMID: 34332281 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxilli Herba (TH) and Visci Herba (VH), defined as the leaves and branches of the mistletoe species Taxillus chinensis and Viscum coloratum, respectively, are popular herbal medicines in East Asia. However, commercial TH and VH products are frequently adulterated with related inauthentic mistletoe species, posing efficacy and safety concerns. Accurate species identification of herbal medicinal products is a prerequisite for quality control, but traditional morphological identification methods are hampered by difficulties in discriminating among closely related species and in identifying the source materials in processed products. PURPOSE This study aimed to develop sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers and a multiplex-SCAR assay for rapid and accurate identification of authentic TH and VH. METHODS The matK region was sequenced in a total of 20 samples from five mistletoe species, namely T. chinensis and V. coloratum, and three species often found in adulterated herbal medicines, T. sutchuenensis, V. articulatum, and Macrosolen tricolor. Species-specific nucleotide polymorphisms were identified and short regions (21-22 bp) containing at least two species-specific nucleotides close to the 3' end were incorporated into SCAR primers that produced uniquely sized PCR amplicons for each species. The five SCAR primer sets were also combined into a multiplex-SCAR assay. RESULTS The SCAR primers successfully generated amplicons of the expected size for each target species even with low-DNA templates or with templates containing DNA from multiple samples. No amplification was observed in non-target species. The SCAR markers and the multiplex-SCAR assay successfully identified commercial TH and VH products that were counterfeit or adulterated in both dried and processed products. CONCLUSION This is the first report to illustrate discrimination of genuine medicinal mistletoe species with DNA-based marker assays, enabling rapid and accurate species identification. The SCAR assays developed in this study will facilitate the standardization of commercial mistletoe products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureum Noh
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wook Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Goya Choi
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
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Unnikrishnan R, Dev SA, Jayaraj R. Pitfalls and promises of raw drug identification techniques in the ayurvedic industry: an overview. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:497. [PMID: 33150123 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
India, with a rich heritage of floral diversity, is well-known for its medicinal plant wealth and is the largest producer of medicinal herbs in the world. Ethnobiological Survey of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) could identify 8000 plant species utilized in various systems of medicine with approximately 25,000 effective herbal formulations. The extensive consumption to meet demand-supply ratio exerts a heavy strain on the existing resources. This subsequently led to the adulteration and substitution of medicinal plants with look-alike species. The consumer's faith on herbal medicine is in the phase of decline due to the extremities in adulteration/substitution and ensuing consequences. It is imperative to bring forth universally acceptable standard tools to authenticate raw drugs before being processed further into formulations. A vast array of techniques such as physical, chemical (analytical), biochemical, anatomical, organoleptic, and recently emerged DNA based molecular methods are widely used for plant species authentication. In recent years, DNA barcoding has made remarkable progress in the field of medicinal plants research. DNA metabarcoding is the latest development for qualitative evaluation of the herbal formulations, whereas for quantitative analysis, combination of pharmacognostic, pharmacovigilance and analytical methods are inevitable for authentication. This review addresses the overall strengths and shortcomings of the existing as well as recently emerged techniques in authenticating ayurvedic raw drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Unnikrishnan
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala India
- Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi, Kerala India
| | - Suma Arun Dev
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala India
| | - R Jayaraj
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala India
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Twilley D, Rademan S, Lall N. A review on traditionally used South African medicinal plants, their secondary metabolites and their potential development into anticancer agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113101. [PMID: 32562876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Approximately 70% of anticancer drugs were developed or derived from natural products or plants. Southern Africa boasts an enormous floral diversity with approximately 22,755 plant species with an estimated 3000 used as traditional medicines. In South Africa more than 27 million individuals rely on traditional medicine for healthcare. The use of South African plants for the treatment of cancer is poorly documented, however there is potential to develop anticancer agents from these plants. Limited ethnobotanical studies report the use of plants for cancer treatment in traditional medicine. Plants growing in tropical or subtropical regions, such as in South Africa, produce important secondary metabolites as a protective mechanism, which could be used to target various factors that play a key role in carcinogenesis. AIMS The aim was to collate information from primary ethnobotanical studies on South African plants traditionally used for the treatment of cancer. Evaluation of literature focused on traditionally used plants that have been tested for their in vitro activity against cancer cells. Secondary metabolites, previously identified within these plant species, were also included for discussion regarding their activity against cancer. The toxicity was evaluated to ascertain the therapeutic potential in further studies. Additionally, the aim was to highlight where a lack of reports were found regarding plant species with potential activity and to substantiate the need for further testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of ethnobotanical surveys conducted in South Africa for plants used in the treatment of cancer was performed. Databases such as Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar, university repositories of master's dissertations and PhD theses, patents and books were used. Plant species showing significant to moderate activity were discussed regarding their toxicity. Compounds identified within these species were discussed for their activity against cancer cells and toxicity. Traditionally used plants which have not been scientifically validated for their activity against cancer were excluded. RESULTS Twenty plants were documented in ethnobotanical surveys as cancer treatments. Numerous scientific reports on the potential in vitro activity against cancer of these plants and the identification of secondary metabolites were found. Many of the secondary metabolites have not been tested for their activity against cancer cells or mode of action and should be considered for future studies. Lead candidates, such as the sutherlandiosides, sutherlandins, hypoxoside and pittoviridoside, were identified and should be further assessed. Toxicity studies should be included when testing plant extracts and/or secondary metabolites for their potential against cancer cells to give an indication of whether further analysis should be conducted. CONCLUSION There is a need to document plants used traditionally in South Africa for the treatment of cancer and to assess their safety and efficacy. Traditionally used plants have shown promising activity highlighting the importance of ethnobotanical studies and traditional knowledge. There are many opportunities to further assess these plants and secondary metabolites for their activity against cancer and their toxic effects. Pharmacokinetic studies are also not well documented within these plant extracts and should be included in studies when a lead candidate is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Twilley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - Sunelle Rademan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States; College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
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Kumar A, Rodrigues V, Baskaran K, Shukla AK, Sundaresan V. DNA barcode based species-specific marker for Ocimum tenuiflorum and its applicability in quantification of adulteration in herbal formulations using qPCR. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Desai S, Tatke P. Phytochemical Markers: Classification, Applications and Isolation. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2491-2498. [PMID: 31584364 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709203239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been aroused demand for herbal drugs/products worldwide because of their fewer side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. The major obstacle in the global acceptance of herbal products is the lack of proper standardization technique. METHODS Various test procedures have been used for authentication and quality control of botanicals among which marker based standardization has attained more attention. The major challenge faced by phytochemist is to select appropriate phytochemical marker for quality control of herbal drugs. Phytochemical markers used for standardization must be of known purity. Phytochemical markers which are not commercially available have to be isolated from respective medicinal plants. Various chromatographic techniques are reported for the purification of phytomarkers from plants. A comprehensive report on different purification techniques of isolation of phytochemical markers through in-depth review of scientific literature is required. CONCLUSION This article highlights various classifications of phytochemical markers along with their applications in standardization of herbal drugs and various classical and modern analytical techniques for their isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Desai
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Campus, Sayli Road, Silvassa, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli- 396 230, India
| | - Pratima Tatke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.U. Shah College of Pharmacy, SNDT Women's University, Santacruz(w), Mumbai-400 049, India
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Das AK, Nerkar S, Gawande N, Thakre N, Kumar A. SCAR marker for Phytophthora nicotianae and a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of P. nicotianae and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1172-1183. [PMID: 31329353 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to develop a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for species-specific detection of Phytophthora nicotianae, a global plant pathogen. Another objective was to develop a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of P. nicotianae and huanglongbing-causing bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) in citrus roots using the developed SCAR marker and a previously published 16SrDNA-based CaLas-specific primer set. METHODS AND RESULTS The RAPD primer, OPA4, amplified a specific fragment of c. 400 bp only in P. nicotianae isolates. The fragment was eluted, purified, cloned and sequenced. One set of SCAR primers (SCAR4F/SCAR4R1), developed from the sequence information of the fragment, was found specific to P. nicotianae and produced an amplicon of 330 bp size, and was found non-specific to the five Phytophthora species (P. citrophthora, P. palmivora, P. lacustris, P. boehmeriae and P. insolita) and five other pathogens (Mycosphaerella citri, Alternaria alternata, Septobasidium pseudopedicillatum, Phytopythium vexans and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) isolated from the citrus agroecosystem. The sensitivity of the primer pair was 5 pg µl-1 of mycelial DNA. Furthermore, the specific SCAR primers coupled with a previously reported CaLas-specific primer set were used effectively in developing a multiplex PCR assay to detect P. nicotianae and CaLas simultaneously in root tissues of citrus plants. CONCLUSIONS A rapid method using a RAPD-based SCAR marker for the detection of P. nicotianae was developed. Furthermore, a multiplex PCR assay was established for simultaneous detection of P. nicotianae and CaLas in citrus roots. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A RAPD-SCAR marker-based detection system and the one-step multiplex PCR method developed in this study can be applied to index citrus trees infected (individually or conjointly) with P. nicotianae and CaLas. The present technique developed would also be useful in monitoring disease epidemiology and phytosanitary surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Das
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Nerkar
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Gawande
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Thakre
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Kumar
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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González-García S, Álvarez-Pérez JM, Sáenz de Miera LE, Cobos R, Ibañez A, Díez-Galán A, Garzón-Jimeno E, Coque JJR. Developing tools for evaluating inoculation methods of biocontrol Streptomyces sp. strains into grapevine plants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211225. [PMID: 30677098 PMCID: PMC6345443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic Streptomyces sp. VV/E1, and rhizosphere Streptomyces sp. VV/R4 strains, isolated from grapevine plants were shown in a previous work to reduce the infection rate of fungal pathogens involved in young grapevine decline. In this study we cloned fragments from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and developed two stably diagnostic sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers of 182 and 160 bp for the VV/E1 and VV/R4 strains, respectively. The SCAR markers were not found in another 50 actinobacterial strains isolated from grapevine plants. Quantitative real-time PCR protocols based on the amplification of these SCAR markers were used for the detection and quantification of both strains in plant material. These strains were applied on young potted plants using two methods: perforation of the rootstock followed by injection of the microorganisms or soaking the root system in a bacterial suspension. Both methods were combined with a booster treatment by direct addition of a bacterial suspension to the soil near the root system. Analysis of uprooted plants showed that those inoculated by injection exhibited the highest rate of colonization. In contrast, direct addition of either strain to the soil did not lead to reliable colonization. This study has developed molecular tools for analyzing different methods for inoculating grapevine plants with selected Streptomyces sp. strains which protect them from fungal infections that enter through their root system. These tools are of great applied interest since they could easily be established in nurseries to produce grafted grapevine plants that are protected against fungal pathogens. Finally, this methodology might also be applied to other vascular plants for their colonization with beneficial biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José R. Coque
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Rashid S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Lone FA, Shaheen S, Sultana S, Ashfaq S, Shinwari MI. Microscopic investigations and pharmacognostic techniques used for the standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa
L. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1443-1450. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rashid
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad Lone
- Division of Environmental Sciences; SKUAST K, Shalimar Campus Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir; India
| | - Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany; Lahore College for Women University; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shomaila Ashfaq
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
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Molecular authentication of Anthemis deserti Boiss. (Asteraceae) based on ITS2 region of nrDNA gene sequence. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:155-159. [PMID: 30622420 PMCID: PMC6319191 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried plant material of medicinally important Anthemis deserti Boiss. (family: Asteraceae) especially when it remains in the powdered form often look similar to Anthemis melampodina Del.; and therefore, difficult to distinguish, finally lead to chances of adulteration. The adulteration in medicinal plants effects on the efficacy of the drugs. The molecular authentication of herbal plant materials such as based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) is considered as more reliable method compared to other the biochemical or histological methods. The present study aims to molecular authentication ofA. deserti based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS2 gene sequence of nrDNA region. The ITS2 region of nrDNA of A. deserti were sequenced, and the molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed together with the GenBank sequences. The Maximum Parsimony tree revealed the close relationships of A. deserti with A. melampodina; however, the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood tree clearly revealed that A. deserti is distinct from A. melampodina, which is also supported by the differences in nucleotides at five diffident positions (i.e. 22, 28, 87, 175 and 198) in the DNA sequence alignment.
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Noh P, Kim WJ, Yang S, Park I, Moon BC. Authentication of the Herbal Medicine Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Using an ITS Sequence-Based Multiplex SCAR Assay. Molecules 2018; 23:E2134. [PMID: 30149558 PMCID: PMC6225120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate identification of plant species is of great concern for the quality control of herbal medicines. The Korean Pharmacopoeia and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China define Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baek-Ji in Korean and Bai-zhi in Chinese) as the dried roots of Angelica dahurica or A. dahurica var. formosana belonging to the family Apiaceae. Discrimination among Angelica species on the basis of morphological characteristics is difficult due to their extremely polymorphic traits and controversial taxonomic history. Furthermore, dried roots processed for medicinal applications are indistinguishable using conventional methods. DNA barcoding is a useful and reliable method for the identification of species. In this study, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes in A. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana, and the related species A. anomala and A. japonica. Using these sequences, we designed species-specific primers, and developed and optimized a multiplex sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) assay that can simply and rapidly identify respective species, and verify the contamination of adulterant depending on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification without sequencing analysis in a single PCR reaction. This assay successfully identified commercial samples of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix collected from Korean and Chinese herbal markets, and distinguished them from adulterants. This multiplex SCAR assay shows a great potential in reducing the time and cost involved in the identification of genuine Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and adulterant contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureum Noh
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Wook Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Inkyu Park
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Li J, Xiong C, He X, Lu Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Sun W. Using SSR-HRM to Identify Closely Related Species in Herbal Medicine Products: A Case Study on Licorice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 29740326 PMCID: PMC5928318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicines have played important roles in the ways of life of people around the world since ancient times. Despite the advanced medical technology of the modern world, herbal medicines are still used as popular alternatives to synthetic drugs. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines, plant species identification has become an important tool to prevent substitution and adulteration. Here we propose a method for biological assessment of the quality of prescribed species in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia by use of high resolution melting (HRM) analysis of microsatellite loci. We tested this method on licorice, a traditional herbal medicine with a long history. Results showed that nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers produced distinct melting curve profiles for the five licorice species investigated using HRM analysis. These results were validated by capillary electrophoresis. We applied this protocol to commercially available licorice products, thus enabling the consistent identification of 11 labels with non-declared Glycyrrhiza species. This novel strategy may thus facilitate DNA barcoding as a method of identification of closely related species in herbal medicine products. Based on this study, a brief operating procedure for using the SSR-HRM protocol for herbal authentication is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjian Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaocen Lu
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gul I, Nasrullah N, Nissar U, Saifi M, Abdin MZ. Development of DNA and GC-MS Fingerprints for Authentication and Quality Control of Piper nigrum L. and Its Adulterant Carica papaya L. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nadeem MA, Nawaz MA, Shahid MQ, Doğan Y, Comertpay G, Yıldız M, Hatipoğlu R, Ahmad F, Alsaleh A, Labhane N, Özkan H, Chung G, Baloch FS. DNA molecular markers in plant breeding: current status and recent advancements in genomic selection and genome editing. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Nadeem
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yıldız Doğan
- Department of Field Crops, Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Ministry, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gonul Comertpay
- Department of Field Crops, Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Ministry, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Yıldız
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Rüştü Hatipoğlu
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fiaz Ahmad
- Botany Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Alsaleh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Nitin Labhane
- Department of Botany, Bhavan's College, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Hakan Özkan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Development of CACTA transposon derived SCAR markers and their use in population structure analysis in Zea mays. Genetica 2017; 146:1-12. [PMID: 28916874 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular marker technologies have proven to be an important breakthrough for genetic studies, construction of linkage maps and population genetics analysis. Transposable elements (TEs) constitute major fractions of repetitive sequences in plants and offer a wide range of possible areas to be explored as molecular markers. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker development provides us with a simple and time saving alternative approach for marker development. We employed the CACTA-TD to develop SCARs and then integrated them into linkage map and used them for population structure and genetic diversity analysis of corn inbred population. A total of 108 dominant SCAR markers were designed out of which, 32 were successfully integrated in to the linkage map of maize RIL population and the remaining were added to a physical map for references to check the distribution throughout all chromosomes. Moreover, 76 polymorphic SCARs were used for diversity analysis of corn accessions being used in Korean corn breeding program. The overall average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.34, expected heterozygosity was 0.324 and Shannon's information index was 0.491 with a percentage of polymorphism of 98.67%. Further analysis by associating with desirable traits may also provide some accurate trait specific tagged SCAR markers. TE linked SCARs can provide an added level of polymorphism as well as improved discriminating ability and therefore can be useful in further breeding programs to develop high yielding germplasm.
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Sulima P, Krauze-Baranowska M, Przyborowski JA. Variations in the chemical composition and content of salicylic glycosides in the bark of Salix purpurea from natural locations and their significance for breeding. Fitoterapia 2017; 118:118-125. [PMID: 28315389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Willow bark is one of the few plant raw materials which contain natural active substances that have analgesic, fever-reducing, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. Salix purpurea, listed as widespread and common in many countries, belongs to the willow species with the highest content of salicylic compounds. The chemical composition and content of major salicylic glycosides (SGs) in the bark of S. purpurea genotypes from natural locations were investigated in this study to evaluate their applicability for pharmaceutical processing and creative breeding. Secondary metabolites were analyzed in bark extracts from 91 genotypes of S. purpurea selected from natural locations. The bark of all analyzed genotypes contained salicylic glycosides: salicin, salicortin and tremulacin; flavanones: naringenin 5-O-glucoside, naringenin 7-O-glucoside, naringenin, chalcone isosalipurposide and flavan-3-ol: catechin. Picein and populin were detected in 10% of the studied genotypes. The SG content of purple willow bark ranged from 3.04 to 10.96, pointing to high variations between S. purpurea genotypes. This study provides valuable breeding material and offers attractive prospects for the breeding of new and improved willow varieties. Varieties with the most desirable traits, grown under controlled conditions, can supply high-quality herbal materials for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sulima
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Str. 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Andrzej Przyborowski
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
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Use of Moringa oleifera Flower Pod Extract as Natural Preservative and Development of SCAR Marker for Its DNA Based Identification. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7584318. [PMID: 27471732 PMCID: PMC4947656 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7584318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of Moringa oleifera as natural food preservative has been evaluated in the present study. In addition, for quality assurance, the study has also been focused on the shelf life of product to authenticate the identification of plant by development of DNA based marker. Among the different extracts prepared from flower pods of Moringa oleifera, methanol and aqueous extract exhibited high antibacterial and antioxidant activity, respectively. The high phenolic contents (53.5 ± 0.169 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (10.9 ± 0.094 mg QE/g) were also recorded in methanol and aqueous extract, respectively. Due to instability of bioactive compounds in aqueous extract, methanol extract is considered as potent natural preservative. The shelf life of methanol extract was observed for two months at 4°C under dark conditions. The developed SCAR primers (MOF217/317/MOR317) specifically amplified a fragment of 317 bp from DNA of Moringa oleifera samples collected from different regions of Punjab province of Pakistan. The methanol extract of Moringa oleifera flower pods has great potential to be used as natural preservative and nutraceutical in food industry.
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Authentication of Punica granatum L.: Development of SCAR markers for the detection of 10 fruits potentially used in economically motivated adulteration. Food Chem 2016; 202:438-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kim WJ, Moon BC, Yang S, Han KS, Choi G, Lee AY. Rapid Authentication of the Herbal Medicine Plant Species Aralia continentalis Kitag. and Angelica biserrata C.Q. Yuan and R.H. Shan Using ITS2 Sequences and Multiplex-SCAR Markers. Molecules 2016; 21:270. [PMID: 26938512 PMCID: PMC6273786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of the plant species that are present in herbal medicines is important for quality control. Although the dried roots of Aralia continentalis (Araliae Continentalis Radix) and Angelica biserrata (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) are used in the same traditional medicine, namely Dok-Hwal in Korean and Du-Huo in Chinese, the medicines are described differently in the national pharmacopeia. Further confusion arises from the distribution of dried Levisticum officinale and Heracleum moellendorffii roots as the same medicine. Medicinal ingredients from all four plants are morphologically similar, and discrimination is difficult using conventional methods. Molecular identification methods offer rapidity and accuracy. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) was sequenced in all four plant species, and the sequences were used to design species-specific primers. Primers for each species were then combined to allow sample analysis in a single PCR reaction. Commercial herbal medicine samples were obtained from Korea and China and analyzed using the multiplex assay. The assay successfully identified authentic medicines and also identified inauthentic or adulterated samples. The multiplex assay will be a useful tool for identification of authentic Araliae Continentalis Radix and/or Angelicae Pubescentis Radix preparations in Korea and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Sungyu Yang
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Kyeong Suk Han
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Goya Choi
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - A Yeong Lee
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
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30
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Ganie SH, Upadhyay P, Das S, Prasad Sharma M. Authentication of medicinal plants by DNA markers. PLANT GENE 2015; 4:83-99. [PMID: 32289060 PMCID: PMC7103949 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used worldwide for centuries to maintain health and to treat diseases, more so chronic diseases. However, adulteration and use of spurious materials as substitutes have become a major concern for users and industry for reasons of safety and efficacy. Therefore, authentication of medicinal plants is of utmost importance. Morphological, anatomical, chemical and DNA markers solve the problem by differentiating the genuine material from the adulterants, substitutes and spurious drugs. DNA markers use nucleotide sequences to identify species; it takes preference over the other two markers being not age dependent, tissue specific and having a higher discriminating power. Therefore, characterization of plants with such markers is an ideal approach for identification of medicinal plant species and populations/varieties of the same species. Availability of certified taxonomic specimens in herbaria is certainly required for unambiguous confirmation through final visual comparison and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priti Upadhyay
- Dept. of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sandip Das
- Dept. of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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31
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Chen JJ, Wang Y. Microsatellite Development and Potential Application in Authentication, Conservation, and Genetic Improvement of Chinese Medicinal Plants. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(15)60029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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32
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Wei Y, Fan W, Zhao X, Wu W, Lu H. Rapid Authentication ofDendrobium officinaleby Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.963595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Molecular authentication of Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman, the genuine source plant of ayurvedic raw drug 'Patha', and its other source plants by ISSR markers. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:559-562. [PMID: 28324385 PMCID: PMC4162895 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman belongs to family Menispermaceae. The roots of this taxon are used in the treatment of various diseases like stomach pain, fever, skin disease, etc., in Ayurveda and is commonly known as Patha. Two other species, viz., Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson and Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers of the same family are being used as the source of this drug in various parts of India. This type of substitution or adulteration will ultimately affect the therapeutic efficacy of the medicines adversely. ISSR profiles of all the three taxa are generated and analyzed to assess the genetic relationships among these three species. The profiles of all the three species displayed a high level of polymorphism among them. ISSR markers developed can be used in authenticating and validating the exact species discrimination of the genuine raw drug of 'Patha' from its substitutes/adulterants to guarantee the quality and legitimacy of this drug in the market.
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34
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Monden Y, Yamamoto A, Shindo A, Tahara M. Efficient DNA fingerprinting based on the targeted sequencing of active retrotransposon insertion sites using a bench-top high-throughput sequencing platform. DNA Res 2014; 21:491-8. [PMID: 24935865 PMCID: PMC4195495 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In many crop species, DNA fingerprinting is required for the precise identification of cultivars to protect the rights of breeders. Many families of retrotransposons have multiple copies throughout the eukaryotic genome and their integrated copies are inherited genetically. Thus, their insertion polymorphisms among cultivars are useful for DNA fingerprinting. In this study, we conducted a DNA fingerprinting based on the insertion polymorphisms of active retrotransposon families (Rtsp-1 and LIb) in sweet potato. Using 38 cultivars, we identified 2,024 insertion sites in the two families with an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Of these insertion sites, 91.4% appeared to be polymorphic among the cultivars and 376 cultivar-specific insertion sites were identified, which were converted directly into cultivar-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using these insertion sites, which corresponded well with known pedigree information, thereby indicating their suitability for genetic diversity studies. Thus, the genome-wide comparative analysis of active retrotransposon insertion sites using the bench-top MiSeq sequencing platform is highly effective for DNA fingerprinting without any requirement for whole genome sequence information. This approach may facilitate the development of practical polymerase chain reaction-based cultivar diagnostic system and could also be applied to the determination of genetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Monden
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akiko Shindo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Tahara
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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35
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Developing an SCAR and ITS reliable multiplex PCR-based assay for safflower adulterant detection in saffron samples. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Olarte A, Mantri N, Nugent G, Wohlmuth H, Li CG, Xue C, Pang E. A gDNA microarray for genotyping salvia species. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:770-83. [PMID: 23269604 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Salvia is an important genus from the Lamiaceae with approximately 1,000 species. This genus is distributed globally and cultivated for ornamental, culinary, and medicinal uses. We report the construction of the first fingerprinting array for Salvia species enriched with polymorphic and divergent DNA sequences and demonstrate the potential of this array for fingerprinting several economically important members of this genus. In order to generate the Salvia subtracted diversity array (SDA) a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed between a pool of Salvia species and a pool of angiosperms and non-angiosperms to selectively isolate Salvia-specific sequences. A total of 285-subtracted genomic DNA (gDNA) fragments were amplified and arrayed. DNA fingerprints were obtained for fifteen Salvia genotypes including three that were not part of the original subtraction pool. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the Salvia-specific SDA was capable of differentiating S. officinalis and S. miltiorrhiza from their closely related species and was also able to reveal genetic relationships consistent with geographical origins. In addition, this approach was capable of isolating highly polymorphic sequences from chloroplast and nuclear DNA without preliminary sequence information. Therefore, SDA is a powerful technique for fingerprinting non-model plants and for identifying new polymorphic loci that may be developed as potential molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Olarte
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Chiu TH, Su YC, Pai JY, Chang HC. Molecular markers for detection and diagnosis of the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Liu JY, Ying ZH, Liu F, Liu XR, Xie BG. Evaluation of the use of SCAR markers for screening genetic diversity of Lentinula edodes strains. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:317-25. [PMID: 22218569 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three molecular marker systems including sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) were screened to select polymorphisms of 24 main commercial strains of Lentinula edodes cultivated widely in China. Twenty-nine sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed to set up a dendrogram using UPMGA based on nucleotide sequences of some SRAP, RAPD, and ISSR polymorphic fragments. The grouping showed that the 24 strains were apparently clustered into five groups at a level of 0.68 similarity coefficient, and those that have similar breeding background clustered preferentially into the same subgroup. Results also revealed that the 24 strains had a low level of genetic diversity, and the breeding source of L. edodes should be broadened by exploiting wild types and introducing exotic strains. In addition, the tested strains of L. edodes could be clearly distinguished and identified from others by using different combinations of SCAR primers. Thus, results of this work demonstrated that SCAR was an excellent genetic marker system to characterize and investigate genetic diversity of L. edodes. Furthermore, this provided an alternative method to identify the genetic relationship of different strains of other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Liu
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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40
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Khan S, Al-Qurainy F, Nadeem M. Biotechnological approaches for conservation and improvement of rare and endangered plants of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 19:1-11. [PMID: 23961155 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is believed to be a prerequisite for the short-and long-term survival of the plant species in their natural habitat. It depends on many environmental factors which determine the number of alleles on various loci in the genome. Therefore, it is important to understand the genetic composition and structure of the rare and endangered plant species from their natural habitat to develop successful management strategies for their conservation. However, rare and endangered plant species have low genetic diversity due to which their survival rate is decreasing in the wilds. The evaluation of genetic diversity of such species is very important for their conservation and gene manipulation. However, plant species can be conserved by in situ and in vitro methods and each has advantages and disadvantages. DNA banking can be considered as a means of complimentary method for the conservation of plant species by preserving their genomic DNA at low temperatures. Such approach of preservation of biological information provides opportunity for researchers to search novel genes and its products. Therefore, in this review we are describing some potential biotechnological approaches for the conservation and further manipulation of these rare and endangered plant species to enhance their yield and quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Khan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Khan S, Mirza KJ, Al-Qurainy F, Abdin MZ. Authentication of the medicinal plant Senna angustifolia by RAPD profiling. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 18:287-92. [PMID: 23961137 PMCID: PMC3730875 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study "RAPD" molecular marker was employed for the identification of Senna angustifolia, Senna acutifolia, Senna tora and Senna sophera. Total 32 decamer primers were screened in amplification with genomic DNA extracted from all species, of which 6 primers yielded species-specific reproducible bands. Out of 42 loci detected, the polymorphic, monomorphic and unique loci were 24, 2 and 16, respectively. Based on dendrogram and similarity matrix, 4 species were differentiated from each other and showed more divergence. Thus, this technique may prove and to contribute the identification of these species of Senna having similar morphology sold in the local markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Khan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khanda Jabeen Mirza
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Fahad Al-Qurainy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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