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Li Y, Liu H, Wang S, Fang W, Jiang X, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Fast screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Ginkgo biloba leaf by using α-glucosidase immobilized on magnetic metal-organic framework. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400342. [PMID: 39031453 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a ligand fishing method for the screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Ginkgo biloba leaf was established for the first time using α-glucosidase immobilized on the magnetic metal-organic framework. The immobilized α-glucosidase exhibited enhanced resistance to temperature and pH, as well as good thermal stability and reusability. Two ligands, namely quercitrin and quercetin, were screened from Ginkgo biloba leaf and identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for quercitrin and quercetin were determined to be 105.69 ± 0.39 and 83.49 ± 0.79 µM, respectively. Molecular docking further confirmed the strong inhibitory effect of these two ligands. The proposed approach in this study demonstrates exceptional efficiency in the screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from complex natural medicinal plants, thus exhibiting significant potential for the discovery of antidiabetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sikai Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
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Upadhyay P, Tyagi A, Agrawal S, Kumar A, Gupta S. Bidirectional Effect of Triphala on Modulating Gut-Brain Axis to Improve Cognition in the Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300104. [PMID: 37767948 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The emerging role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the modulation of the gut-brain axis has received much attention as a new hope for the treatment of hard-to-treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. The naturally occurring polyphenols can restore the gut-brain axis by modulating gut microbiota and brain neurotransmitters. The Indian traditional medicine Triphala, a rich source of polyphenols, has been used on humans based on Prakriti or disease conditions for many years. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the dual mode (morning and evening) action of Triphala is used to provide scientific evidence of its superior preventive and therapeutic efficacy in C57BL/6 and 5xFAD, APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The study observes that Triphala treatment has significantly improved cognitive function, by modulating the APP pathway, reducing inflammation, and restoring the gut-brain axis by increasing the gut microbiota phyla of Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, etc., involved in maintaining the gut homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The study paves a new path for using dual modes of Triphala alone or in combination to treat incurable AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Upadhyay
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anurag Tyagi
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sakshi Agrawal
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Yu PR, Tseng CY, Hsu CC, Chen JH, Lin HH. In vitro and in vivo protective potential of quercetin-3-glucuronide against lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary injury through dual activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 and autophagy. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1415-1436. [PMID: 38436694 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary injury, quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3G) has been previously revealed the lung-protective potential via downregulation of inflammation, pyroptotic, and apoptotic cell death. However, the upstream signals mediating anti-pulmonary injury of Q3G have not yet been clarified. It has been reported that concerted dual activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and autophagy may prove to be a better treatment strategy in pulmonary injury. In this study, the effect of Q3G on antioxidant and autophagy were further investigated. Noncytotoxic doses of Q3G abolished the LPS-caused cell injury, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with inductions in Nrf2-antioxidant signaling. Moreover, Q3G treatment repressed Nrf2 ubiquitination, and enhanced the association of Keap1 and p62 in the LPS-treated cells. Q3G also showed potential in inducing autophagy, as demonstrated by formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and upregulation of autophagy factors. Next, the autolysosomes formation and cell survival were decreased by Q3G under pre-treatment with a lysosome inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ). Furthermore, mechanistic assays indicated that anti-pulmonary injury effects of Q3G might be mediated via Nrf2 signaling, as confirmed by the transfection of Nrf2 siRNA. Finally, Q3G significantly alleviated the development of pulmonary injury in vivo, which may result from inhibiting the LPS-induced lung dysfunction and edema. These findings emphasize a toxicological perspective, providing new insights into the mechanisms of Q3G's protective effects on LPS-induced pulmonary injury and highlighting its role in dual activating Nrf2 and autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Tseng
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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Correia da Silva D, Valentão P, Pereira DM. Naturally occurring small molecules with dual effect upon inflammatory signaling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:421-437. [PMID: 38502466 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is determinant to maintain cellular proteostasis. Upon unresolved ER stress, this organelle activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). Sustained UPR activates is known to occur in inflammatory processes, deeming the ER a potential molecular target for the treatment of inflammation. This work characterizes the inflammatory/UPR-related molecular machinery modulated by an in-house library of natural products, aiming to pave the way for the development of new selective drugs that act upon the ER to counter inflammation-related chronic diseases. Starting from a library of 134 compounds of natural occurrence, mostly occurring in medicinal plants, nontoxic molecules were screened for their inhibitory capacity against LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in a luciferase-based reporter gene assay. Since several natural products inhibited NF-κB expression in THP-1 macrophages, their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammasome activation was assessed, as well as their transcriptional outcome regarding ER stress. The bioactivities of several natural products are described herein for the first time. We report the anti-inflammatory potential of guaiazulene and describe 5-deoxykaempferol as a novel inhibitor of inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we describe the dual potential of 5-deoxykaempferol, berberine, guaiazulene, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, myricetin, quercetagetin and sennoside B to modulate inflammatory signaling ER stress. Our results show that natural products are promising molecules for the discovery and pharmaceutical development of chemical entities able to modulate the inflammatory response, as well as proteostasis and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia da Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Nº 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Nº 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Nº 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal.
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Alipour Z, Zarezadeh S, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA. The Potential of Anti-coronavirus Plant Secondary Metabolites in COVID-19 Drug Discovery as an Alternative to Repurposed Drugs: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:172-203. [PMID: 37956978 DOI: 10.1055/a-2209-6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In early 2020, a global pandemic was announced due to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known to cause COVID-19. Despite worldwide efforts, there are only limited options regarding antiviral drug treatments for COVID-19. Although vaccines are now available, issues such as declining efficacy against different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the aging of vaccine-induced immunity highlight the importance of finding more antiviral drugs as a second line of defense against the disease. Drug repurposing has been used to rapidly find COVID-19 therapeutic options. Due to the lack of clinical evidence for the therapeutic benefits and certain serious side effects of repurposed antivirals, the search for an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2 with fewer side effects continues. In recent years, numerous studies have included antiviral chemicals from a variety of plant species. A better knowledge of the possible antiviral natural products and their mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 will help to develop stronger and more targeted direct-acting antiviral agents. The aim of the present study was to compile the current data on potential plant metabolites that can be investigated in COVID-19 drug discovery and development. This review represents a collection of plant secondary metabolites and their mode of action against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alipour
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Zarezadeh
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Liu G, Yang L, Tang Y, Lin J, Wang F, Shen J, Chang B, Kong X. Study on the action mechanism of the Polygonum perfoliatum L. on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117330. [PMID: 37863399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) belong to the category of "thoracic fullness". Polygonum perfoliatum L. (PPL), a Chinese medicinal herb with the effect of treating thoracic fullness, was recorded in the ancient Chinese medicine book "Supplements to Compendium of Materia Medica". It has been used since ancient times to treat NAFLD. However, the underlying mechanism and active components of PPL against NAFLD remains unclear. AIM OF STUDY To identify the main active components and the anti-NAFLD mechanism of PPL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology, UPLC/QE-HFX analysis, and molecular docking were employed to determine the main bioactive compounds and key targets of PPL for the NAFLD treatment. This effect was further validated with administration of PPL (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) to NAFLD model mice for 5 weeks. Systemic signs of obesity, biochemical parameters, and histological changes were characterized. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and PCR analysis were conducted to elucidate the mechanistic pathways through which PPL exerts its effects. RESULTS Network pharmacology revealed 77 crossover genes between the PPL and NAFLD. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis show that PPL treat NAFLD mainly regulating glucose-lipid metabolism mediated by PI3K/AKT signal pathway. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis show that PPL treat NAFLD mainly regulating inflammation mediated by cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. In accordance with the anticipated outcomes, administration of PPL in a dose-dependent manner effectively mitigated insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Histopathological evaluation corroborated the hepatoprotective effects of PPL against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, as evidenced by the inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis and promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Further research showed that PPL blocked cytokine production by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, five flavonoids from PPL, including quercetin, baicalein, galangin, apigenin, and genistein were identified as key compounds based on ingredient-target-pathway network analysis. Molecular docking show that these active compounds have favorable binding interactions with AKT1, PIK3R1, and MAPK1, further confirming the impact of PPL on the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Through the combination of network pharmacology prediction and experimental validation, this work determined that therapeutic effect of PPL on NAFLD, and such protective effect is mediated by activating PI3K/AKT-mediated glucolipid metabolism pathway and hepatic NF-κB-mediated cytokine signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Liu
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Tang
- Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shuguang Hospital, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tang X, Liu L, Li Y, Hao S, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Chen Y, Deng S, Gou S, Cai D, Chen M, Li X, Sun Y, Gu L, Li W, Wang F, Zhang Z, Yao L, Shen J, Xiao Z, Du F. Chemical profiling and investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of extracts from Polygonum perfoliatum L. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115315. [PMID: 37579693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonum perfoliatum L. is an herbal medicine that has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various health conditions ranging from ancient internal to surgical and gynecological diseases. Numerous studies suggest that P. perfoliatum extract elicits significant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral effects. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of its anti-liver cancer effects remain poorly understood. Our study suggests that P. perfoliatum stem extract (PPLA) has a favorable safety profile and exhibits a significant anti-liver cancer effect both in vitro and in vivo. We identified that PPLA activates the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and key regulatory genes including ADRA1B, PLCB2, PRKG2, CALML4, and GLO1 involved in this activation. Moreover, PPLA modulates the expression of genes responsible for the cell cycle. Additionally, we identified four constituents of PPLA, namely taxifolin, myricetin, eriodictyol, and pinocembrin, that plausibly act via the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that PPLA, along with its constituting compounds taxifolin, myricetin, and eriodictyol, exhibit potent anti-cancer activities and hold the promise of being developed into therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Science (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Gou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Yao
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Science (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646600, Sichuan, China.
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Kaggwa B, Anywar G, Munanura EI, Wangalwa R, Kyeyune H, Okella H, Kamba FP, Engeu OP. Application of the herbal chemical marker ranking system (Herb MaRS) to the standardization of herbal raw materials: a case study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:348. [PMID: 37777721 PMCID: PMC10542261 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phytochemical standardization of herbal materials involves establishing consistent levels of one or more active ingredients or markers. It ensures the authenticity and quality of herbal materials, extracts, and their products. This research aimed to apply the herbal chemical marker ranking system (Herb MaRS) originally proposed for quality assurance of complex herbal products to establish markers for controlling the quality of herbal raw materials. METHODS The assessment of compounds for suitability as markers was based on the Herb MaRS, with minor modifications as follows: for more objective scoring, evidence of biological activity of the potential marker compound(s) was determined at three levels based on the number of symptoms of the disease condition a compound can treat or alleviate: (i) one symptom (1 point), two symptoms (2 points), and 3 or more symptoms (3 points). The reported concentrations of the compounds were also scored as follows: concentration not determined (0 points), concentration ≥ 5 ppm (1 point), concentration ≥ 50 ppm (2 points) and availability of analytical standards (1 point). Finally, the compounds were scored for the availability of an analytical method (1 point). The compounds were scored from 0 to 8, where 8 indicated the most suitable chemical marker. RESULTS The selected markers were as follows: aromadendrine, α-terpineol, globulol, and 1,8-cineol (in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ); aloin, aloe emodin, acemannan (in Aloe barbadensis (L.) Burm.f. ), lupeol, lupenone, betulinic acid, betulin, and catechin (in Albizia coriaria Oliv.); mangiferin, catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid (in Mangifera indica L.); polygodial (in Warburgia ugandensis Sprague); azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin (in Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ); and 6,8,10-gingerols, and 6-shogaol (in Zingiber officinalis Roscoe). CONCLUSIONS Herb MaRS can be efficiently applied to select marker compounds for quality control of herbal materials. However, for herbs whose phytochemicals have not been sufficiently researched, it is difficult to establish evidence of activity, and there are no analytical standards and/or methods; this is the case for plants exclusively used in Africa. The markers identified should be incorporated into chromatographic fingerprints, their quantitative methods developed, and evaluated for applicability at the various stages of the production chain of herbal medicines; then, they can be included in future local plant monographs. There is also a need to build local capacity to isolate marker compounds, particularly those that are not sold by current vendors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruhan Kaggwa
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center (PHARMBIOTRAC), PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edson Ireeta Munanura
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Raphael Wangalwa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Henry Kyeyune
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hedmon Okella
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center (PHARMBIOTRAC), PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Fadhiru Pakoyo Kamba
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ogwang Patrick Engeu
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center (PHARMBIOTRAC), PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Aghababaei F, Hadidi M. Recent Advances in Potential Health Benefits of Quercetin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1020. [PMID: 37513932 PMCID: PMC10384403 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has been a part of human diets for centuries. Its numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties, have been extensively studied. Its strong antioxidant properties enable it to scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect against cellular damage. Quercetin's anti-inflammatory properties involve inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, making it a potential therapeutic agent for various inflammatory conditions. It also exhibits anticancer effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Finally, quercetin has cardiovascular benefits such as lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol levels, and improving endothelial function, making it a promising candidate for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an overview of the chemical structure, biological activities, and bioavailability of quercetin, as well as the different delivery systems available for quercetin. Incorporating quercetin-rich foods into the diet or taking quercetin supplements may be beneficial for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. As research progresses, the future perspectives of quercetin appear promising, with potential applications in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods to promote overall well-being and disease prevention. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its mechanisms of action, optimize its bioavailability, and assess its long-term safety for widespread utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aghababaei
- Centre d'Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), TECNIO-UAB, XIA, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB-Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Ponticelli M, Bellone ML, Parisi V, Iannuzzi A, Braca A, de Tommasi N, Russo D, Sileo A, Quaranta P, Freer G, Pistello M, Milella L. Specialized metabolites from plants as a source of new multi-target antiviral drugs: a systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:1-79. [PMID: 37359711 PMCID: PMC10008214 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have always been the main global health challenge, as several potentially lethal viruses, including the hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and influenza virus, have affected human health for decades. Unfortunately, most licensed antiviral drugs are characterized by many adverse reactions and, in the long-term therapy, also develop viral resistance; for these reasons, researchers have focused their attention on investigating potential antiviral molecules from plants. Natural resources indeed offer a variety of specialized therapeutic metabolites that have been demonstrated to inhibit viral entry into the host cells and replication through the regulation of viral absorption, cell receptor binding, and competition for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Many active phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, etc., have been identified as potential candidates for preventing and treating viral infections. Using a systematic approach, this review summarises the knowledge obtained to date on the in vivo antiviral activity of specialized metabolites extracted from plant matrices by focusing on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iannuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina de Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sileo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Freer
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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11
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Peng L, Chen HG, Zhou X. Lipidomic investigation of the protective effects of Polygonum perfoliatum against chemical liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:289-301. [PMID: 36990846 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent investigations have demonstrated that Polygonum perfoliatum L. can protect against chemical liver injury, but the mechanism behind its efficacy is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the pharmacological mechanism at work in P. perfoliatum protection against chemical liver injury. METHODS To evaluate the activity of P. perfoliatum against chemical liver injury, levels of alanine transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured, alongside histological assessments of the liver, heart and kidney tissue. A nontargeted lipidomics strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was used to obtain the lipid profiles of mice with chemical liver injury and following treatment with P. perfoliatum; these profiles were used to understand the possible mechanisms behind P. perfoliatum's protective activity. RESULTS Lipidomic studies indicated that P. perfoliatum protected against chemical liver injury, and the results were consistent between histological and physiological analyses. By comparing the profiles of liver lipids in model and control mice, we found that the levels of 89 lipids were significantly changed. In animals receiving P. perfoliatum treatment, the levels of 8 lipids were significantly improved, relative to the model animals. The results showed that P. perfoliatum extract could effectively reverse the chemical liver injury and significantly improve the abnormal liver lipid metabolism of mice with chemical liver injury, especially glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Regulation of enzyme activity related to the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway may be involved in the mechanism of P. perfoliatum's protection against liver injury. Please cite this article as: Peng L, Chen HG, Zhou X. Lipidomic investigation of the protective effects of Polygonum perfoliatum against chemical liver injury in mice. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Ren S, Chen L. Antibacterial Components and Modes of the Methanol-Phase Extract from Commelina communis Linn. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:890. [PMID: 36840240 PMCID: PMC9966474 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria severely threaten human health. Traditional Chinese herbs are potential sources of new or alternative medicine. In this study, we analyzed for the first time antibacterial substances in the methanol-phase extract from a traditional Chinese herb-Commelina communis Linn-which showed an inhibition rate of 58.33% against 24 species of common pathogenic bacteria. The extract was further purified using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC), which generated four single fragments (Fragments 1 to 4). The results revealed that Fragment 1 significantly increased bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability and decreased membrane fluidity, showing disruptive effects on cell integrity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica subsp., compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). In sum, 65 compounds with known functions in Fragment 1 were identified using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS), of which quercetin-3-o-glucuronide was predominant (19.35%). Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed multiple altered metabolic pathways mediated by Fragment 1, such as inhibited ABC transporters, ribosome, citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, and upregulated nitrogen metabolism and purine metabolism, thereby resulting in the repressed bacterial growth and even death (p < 0.05). Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that Fragment 1 from C. communis Linn is a promising candidate against common pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shunlin Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/McGuire VA Medical Centre, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Şen A, Özbeyli D, Teralı K, Göger F, Yıldırım A, Ertaş B, Doğan A, Bitiş L, Şener G. Protective effects of Rubus tereticaulis leaves ethanol extract on rats with ulcerative colitis and bio-guided isolation of its active compounds: A combined in silico, in vitro and in vivo study. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110263. [PMID: 36375516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of active ethanol extract obtained from the leaves of Rubus tereticaulis (RTME) against colitis, and to purify major compounds from this extract by bioassay-directed isolation. Rats with colitis induced via intra-rectal acetic acid administration (5%, v/v) received RTME or sulfasalazine for three consecutive days. On day four, all rats were decapitated, and the colonic tissue samples were collected for macroscopic score, colon weight, reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses. The active compounds and chemical composition of RTME were determined by bio-guided isolation and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Compared to the colitis group, the rats treated with RTME displayed significantly lowered macroscopic scores and colon wet weights (p < 0.001). These effects were confirmed biochemically by a decrease in colonic MPO activity (p < 0.001), MDA levels (p < 0.001), and an increase in GSH levels (p < 0.001). Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (RT1) and quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (RT2) were found to be the major compounds of RTME, as evidenced by in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity-guided isolation. Their anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activities were also predicted by docking simulations. Additionally, quinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin pentoside, quercetin glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucuronide, and kaempferol rutinoside were identified in RTME via using LC-MS/MS. RT2, along with other compounds, may be responsible for the observed protective action of RTME against colitis. This study represents the first report on the beneficial effects of RTME in an experimental model of colitis and highlights the potential future use of RTME as a natural alternative to alleviate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Şen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Özbeyli
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, 99258, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Fatih Göger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Aybeniz Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Ertaş
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Doğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Bitiş
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Göksel Şener
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fenerbahce University, Istanbul, 34758, Turkey.
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Lee SY, Choi YJ, Son SR, Yoon YS, Lee SH, Lee KT, Lee S, Jang DS. Potentilloside A, a New Flavonol- bis-Glucuronide from the Leaves of Potentilla chinensis, Inhibits TNF-α-Induced ROS Generation and MMP-1 Secretion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233318. [PMID: 36501357 PMCID: PMC9738723 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The major contributor to skin aging is UV radiation, which activates pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α. TNF-α is involved in the acceleration of skin aging via ROS generation and MMP-1 secretion. In our preliminary study, a 30% EtOH extract from the leaves of Potentilla chinensis (LPCE) significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced ROS generation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the active components in LPCE. A new flavonol-bis-glucuronide (potentilloside A, 1) and 14 known compounds (2-15) were isolated from an LPCE by repeated chromatography. The chemical structure of the new compound 1 was determined by analyzing its spectroscopic data (NMR and HRMS) and by acidic hydrolysis. Nine flavonols (2-9 and 11) and two flavone glycosides (12 and 13) from P. chinensis were reported for the first time in this study. Next, we evaluated the effects of the isolates (1-15) on TNF-α-induced ROS generation in HDFs. As a result, all compounds significantly inhibited ROS generation. Furthermore, LPCE and potentilloside A (1) remarkably suppressed MMP-1 secretion in HDFs stimulated by TNF-α. The data suggested that LPCE and potentilloside A (1) are worthy of further experiments for their potential as anti-skin aging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Jung Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ri Son
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chen Z, Yuan Y, Yang D, Luo M, Liang Q, Li Z, Lu S, Sun J, Deng M, Liu M, Liang Z, Liu K. Antiviral activities of Polygonum perfoliatum L. extract and related phenolic acid constituents against hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5987-5999. [PMID: 36000452 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important public health problem. Polygonum perfoliatum L. is a traditional medicinal herb and has been reported to have pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral. In this study, the antiviral activities and mechanisms of Polygonum perfoliatum L. extract against HBV and the effective components were investigated. The results showed that the total extract of Polygonum perfoliatum L. reduced the levels of HBV e antigen (HBeAg) secretion and the viral covalently closed circular DNA (CCC DNA) formation, but had little or no negative effects on viral capsid assembly and pregenomic RNA packaging. Further fractionation showed that the water extract (WE) fraction exerted comparable anti-HBV activities with the total extract, especially in inhibiting the CCC DNA formation and HBeAg production, indicating that the effective antiviral components are mainly distributed in this fraction. Further study showed that the phenolic acids constituents, protocatechuic acid, and gallic acid, but not ethyl caffeate, which is reported enriched in the WE fraction, showed strong anti-HBV activities in inhibiting viral core DNA synthesis, CCC DNA formation, and HBeAg production. These results suggested that the Polygonum perfoliatum L. total extract and the related phenolic acids like protocatechuic acid and gallic acid could inhibit HBV replication and also indicated the potential utility of Polygonum perfoliatum L. and related constituents as sources of novel antivirals against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minhui Luo
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siya Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maohua Deng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miaoya Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuancheng Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Khan MAS, Parveen R, Hoque SA, Ahmed MF, Rouf ASS, Rahman SR. Implementing in vitro and in silico approaches to evaluate anti-influenza virus activity of different Bangladeshi plant extracts. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Miclea I. Secondary Metabolites with Biomedical Applications from Plants of the Sarraceniaceae Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9877. [PMID: 36077275 PMCID: PMC9456395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants have fascinated researchers and hobbyists for centuries because of their mode of nutrition which is unlike that of other plants. They are able to produce bioactive compounds used to attract, capture and digest prey but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms and free radicals. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites with significant biological activity found in the Sarraceniaceae family. The review also underlines the necessity of future studies for the biochemical characterization of the less investigated species. Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia plants are rich in compounds with potential pharmaceutical and medical uses. These belong to several classes such as flavonoids, with flavonol glycosides being the most abundant, monoterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids and others. Some of them are well characterized in terms of chemical properties and biological activity and have widespread commercial applications. The review also discusses biological activity of whole extracts and commercially available products derived from Sarraceniaceae plants. In conclusion, this review underscores that Sarraceniaceae species contain numerous substances with the potential to advance health. Future perspectives should focus on the discovery of new molecules and increasing the production of known compounds using biotechnological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Miclea
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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18
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Wang X, Lin S, Tang RWL, Lee HC, Chan HH, Choi SSA, Leung KW, Webb SE, Miller AL, Tsim KWK. Polygoni multiflori radix extracts inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry in HEK293T cells and zebrafish larvae. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154154. [PMID: 35576740 PMCID: PMC9081044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths and led to unprecedented socioeconomic damage. There is therefore, in addition to vaccination, an urgent need to develop complementary effective treatments and/or protective and preventative therapies against this deadly disease. METHODS Here, a multi-component testing platform was established to screen a library of herbal extracts from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to identify potent herbal extracts/phytochemicals as possible therapeutics for COVID-19. We utilized assays for spike protein (S-protein) binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2); the enzymatic inhibition of 3CL protease; and entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into cultured HEK293T cells and zebrafish larvae. RESULTS Over a thousand herbal extracts were screened and approximately 20 positive hits were identified. Among these, we found that the water and ethanol extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) significantly inhibited S-protein binding to ACE2, 3CL protease activity, and viral entry into the cell and fish models. The water extract was more effective than the ethanol extract, with IC50 values of 25 to 500 µg/ml. In addition, the polysaccharide-depleted fraction of the former, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which was found in both extracts, displayed significant antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the water and ethanol extracts of PMR have an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus host-cell entry. Furthermore, EGCG might be an active component of PMR, which blocks SARS-CoV-2 entry to cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that PMR might be considered as a potential treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengying Lin
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roy Wai-Lun Tang
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Chun Lee
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Hin Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheyne S A Choi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Chansiw N, Champakam S, Chusri P, Pangjit K, Srichairatanakool S. Quercetin-Rich Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum odoratum var Pakphai Leaves Decreased Gene Expression and Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine RAW264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123657. [PMID: 35744785 PMCID: PMC9227601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum odoratum var. Pakphai has been used in traditional Thai medicine for the treatment of flatulence and constipation and to relieve the inflammation caused by insect bites. Quercetin (Q), which is abundant in plant-based foods, has been found to exert anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of P. odoratum ethanolic extract in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Leaves were extracted with 50% ethanol, phenolics and flavonoids were then analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS and HPLC-DAD. RAW264.7 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). They were then treated with the extract and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations were determined. Levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6 and TNF-α mRNAs were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the extract was abundant with Q while also containing catechin, gallic acid, epicatechin gallate and coumarin. The extract increased the viability of RAW264.7 cells and dose-dependently decreased nitric oxide production, PGE2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the medium from the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell culture. Consistently, COX-2, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels were decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Thus, the quercetin-rich ethanolic extract derived from P. odoratum var Pakphai leaves can exert anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells through a reduction of the pro-inflammatory mediator response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Chansiw
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (N.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Sorraya Champakam
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Pattranuch Chusri
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (N.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Kanjana Pangjit
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
| | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Oxidative Stress Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53935322
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Chen H, Peng L, Zhao C, Cai Z, Zhou X. Protective Mechanism of Polygonum perfoliatum L. Extract on Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury Based on UHPLC-QExactive Plus Mass Spectrometry Lipidomics and MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111583. [PMID: 35681333 PMCID: PMC9179971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonum perfoliatum L. has a long history of medicinal and edible applications. Studies have shown that it can significantly protect liver injury, but the mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective mechanism of P. perfoliatum on chronic alcoholic liver injury from the perspective of lipid metabolism. After 8 weeks of alcohol exposure in male Wister mice, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were significantly increased, and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in liver were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, pathological changes of liver tissue in mice were observed by histopathology. Then, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) QExactive Plus Mass Spectrometer lipidomics and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time -of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry imaging methods were established to analyze lipid metabolism in mice. Ten different lipids were identified by statistical analysis, including Fatty Acyls, Glycerophospholipids, Prenol lipids and Sphingomyelins. After intervention with P. perfoliatum extracts at different doses (25 to 100 mg/kg), levels of AST, ALT, ALP in serum, and activities of ADH and ALDH in liver were significantly corrected. The hepatic cord structure was clear, and the liver cells were closely arranged without other obvious abnormalities. Non-target lipidomics analysis showed that P. perfoliatum extract could regulate the metabolic disorders of the 10 different lipids caused by continuous alcohol exposure. Pathway analysis suggested that the mechanism of P. perfoliatum extract on chronic alcoholic liver injury may be related to the regulation of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (H.C.); (L.P.); (C.Z.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (H.C.); (L.P.); (C.Z.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (H.C.); (L.P.); (C.Z.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (X.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-851-8669-0018 (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (H.C.); (L.P.); (C.Z.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (X.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-851-8669-0018 (X.Z.)
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Cho WK, Yang HJ, Ma JY. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf water extracts suppress influenza a viral infection via inhibition of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Mbikay M, Chrétien M. Isoquercetin as an Anti-Covid-19 Medication: A Potential to Realize. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830205. [PMID: 35308240 PMCID: PMC8924057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoquercetin and quercetin are secondary metabolites found in a variety of plants, including edible ones. Isoquercetin is a monoglycosylated derivative of quercetin. When ingested, isoquercetin accumulates more than quercetin in the intestinal mucosa where it is converted to quercetin; the latter is absorbed into enterocytes, transported to the liver, released in circulation, and distributed to tissues, mostly as metabolic conjugates. Physiologically, isoquercetin and quercetin exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, and anticoagulant activities. Generally isoquercetin is less active than quercetin in vitro and ex vivo, whereas it is equally or more active in vivo, suggesting that it is primarily a more absorbable precursor to quercetin, providing more favorable pharmacokinetics to the latter. Isoquercetin, like quercetin, has shown broad-spectrum antiviral activities, significantly reducing cell infection by influenza, Zika, Ebola, dengue viruses among others. This ability, together with their other physiological properties and their safety profile, has led to the proposition that administration of these flavonols could prevent infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), or arrest the progression to severity and lethality of resulting coronavirus disease of 2019 (Covid-19). In silico screening of small molecules for binding affinity to proteins involved SARS-CoV-2 life cycle has repeatedly situated quercetin and isoquercetin near to top of the list of likely effectors. If experiments in cells and animals confirm these predictions, this will provide additional justifications for the conduct of clinical trials to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of these flavonols in Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majambu Mbikay
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Nunes Alves Paim LF, Dos Santos PR, Patrocinio Toledo CA, Minello L, Lima da Paz JR, Castro Souza V, Salvador M, Moura S. Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI-QTof-MS/MS-GNPS and a pharmacologic potential. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:286-302. [PMID: 34510611 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Species of Connaraceae are globally used in traditional medicines. However, several of these have not been studied regarding their chemical composition, and some are even at risk of extinction without proper studies. Therefore, the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of Connarus blanchetii Planch., Connarus nodosus Baker, Connarus regnellii G. Schellenb., and Connarus suberosus Planch., which were previously unknown, were analyzed. OBJECTIVE This work aims to investigate the pharmacological potential of these four Connarus species. The chemical composition of different extracts was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with subsequent analysis by the GNPS platform and competitive fragmentation modeling (CFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf extracts (C. blanchetii, C. nodosus, C. regnellii, and C. suberosus) and bark extracts (C. regnellii and C. suberosus) were obtained by decoction, infusion, and maceration. LC/HRMS data were submitted to the GNPS platform and evaluated using CFM in order to confirm the structures. RESULTS The HRMS-GNPS/CFM analysis indicated the presence of 23 compounds that were mainly identified as phenolic derivatives from quercetin and myricetin, of which 21 are unedited in the Connarus genus. Thus, from the analyses performed, we can identify different compounds with pharmacological potential, as well as the most suitable forms of extraction. CONCLUSION Using HRMS-GNPS/CFM, 21 unpublished compounds were identified in the studied species. Therefore, our combination of data analysis techniques can be used to determine their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Roberto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Minello
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Castro Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Boumendjel A, Seteyen ALS, Boina C, Gasque P, Guiraud P, Sélambarom J. Focus on the high therapeutic potentials of quercetin and its derivatives. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100220. [PMID: 35403087 PMCID: PMC8759805 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols and particularly flavonoids are of constant interest to the scientific community. Flavonoids are investigated for their biological and pharmacological purposes, notably as antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral and for their anti-inflammatory activities. Certainly, one of the best-known flavonols recognized for its therapeutic and preventive properties, is quercetin. Despite its biological interest, quercetin suffer from some drawbacks, mainly related to its bioavailability. Hence, its synthetic or biosynthetic derivatives have been the subject of intensive research. The health-promoting biological activities of flavonols and derivatives mainly arise from their capacity to disrupt the host-pathogen interactions and/or to regulate host cellular functions including oxidative processes and immunological responses. In the age of coronavirus pandemic, the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential of flavonols should be put forward to explore these substances for decreasing the viral load and inflammatory storm caused by the infection. PURPOSE OF STUDY The present review will decipher and discuss the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral capacities of major flavonol with a focus on the molecular basis and structure-activity relationships. STUDY DESIGN Current study used a combination of quercetin derivatives, pathway, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral activities as keywords to retrieve the literature. This study critically reviewed the current literature and presented the ability of natural analogs of quercetin having superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects than the original molecule. RESULTS This review allowed the identification of relevant key structure-activity relationship elements and highlight approaches on the mechanisms governing the antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Through a critical analysis of the literature, flavonols and more precisely quercetin derivatives reviewed and found to act simultaneously on inflammation, virus and oxidative stress, three key factors that may lead to life threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Sandenon Seteyen
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Chailas Boina
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Jimmy Sélambarom
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
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Souid I, Korchef A, Souid S. In silico evaluation of Vitis amurensis Rupr. polyphenol compounds for their inhibition potency against CoVID-19 main enzymes Mpro and RdRp. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:570-584. [PMID: 35250347 PMCID: PMC8883852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid transmission of the pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged as an entire worldwide health concern and it was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a consequence of the increasing reported infections number. COVID-19 disease is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, and unfortunatly no drugs are currently approved against this desease. Accordingly, it is of outmost importance to review the possible therapeutic effects of naturally-occuring compounds that showed approved antiviral activities. The molecular docking approach offers a rapid prediction of a possible inhibition of the main enzymes Mpro and RdRp that play crucial role in the SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription. In the present work, we review the anti-viral activities of polyphenol compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and stilbene) derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal Vitis amurensis. Recent molecular docking studies reported the possible binding of these polyphenols on SARS-CoV-2 enzymes Mpro and RdRp active sites and showed interesting inhibitory effects. This antiviral activity was explained by the structure-activity relationships of the studied compounds. Also, pharmacokinetic analysis of the studied molecules is simulated in the present work. Among the studied polyphenol compounds, only five, namely caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, naringenin and catechin have drug-likeness characteristics. These five polyphenols derived from Vitis amurensis are promising drug candidates for the COVID-19 treatment.
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Ha AT, Rahmawati L, You L, Hossain MA, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Moisturizing, and Antimelanogenesis Effects of Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide in Human Keratinocytes and Melanoma Cells via Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010433. [PMID: 35008862 PMCID: PMC8745180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q-3-G), the glucuronide conjugate of quercetin, has been reported as having anti-inflammatory properties in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, as well as anticancer and antioxidant properties. Unlike quercetin, which has been extensively described to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including skin protective effects, the pharmacological benefits and mechanisms Q-3-G in the skin remained to be elucidated. This study focused on characterizing the skin protective properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, of Q-3-G against UVB-induced or H2O2-induced oxidative stress, the hydration effects, and antimelanogenesis activities using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and melanoma (B16F10) cells. Q-3-G down-regulated the expression of the pro-inflammatory gene and cytokine such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in H2O2 or UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. We also showed that Q-3-G exhibits an antioxidant effect using free radical scavenging assays, flow cytometry, and an increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2). Q-3-G reduced melanin production in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 cells. The hydration effects and mechanisms of Q-3-G were examined by evaluating the moisturizing factor-related genes, such as transglutaminase-1 (TGM-1), filaggrin (FLG), and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-1. In addition, Q-3-G increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 4 (MKK4), and TAK1, involved in the MAPKs/AP-1 pathway, and the phosphorylation of IκBα, IκB kinase (IKK)-α, Akt, and Src, involved in the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, we have demonstrated that Q-3-G exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, moisturizing, and antimelanogenesis properties in human keratinocytes and melanoma cells through NF-κB and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Ha
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Laily Rahmawati
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-2563 (J.-H.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-2563 (J.-H.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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Saleh-E-In MM, Choi YE. Anethum sowa Roxb. ex fleming: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:113967. [PMID: 33640440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming (Syn. Peucedanum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming, Family: Apiaceae) is a pharmacologically important as aromatic and medicinal plant. Various parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine systems for carminative, uterine and colic pain, digestion disorder, flatulence in babies, appetite-stimulating agent and used to treat mild flue and cough. The essential oil is used for aromatherapy. It is also used as a spice for food flavouring and culinary preparations in many Asian and European countries. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical assessment from the reported traditional and pharmaceutical uses and pharmacological activities of the extracts, essential oil and phytoconstituents with emphasis on its therapeutic potential as well as toxicological evaluation of A. sowa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online search engines such as SciFinder®, GoogleScholar®, ResearchGate®, Web of Science®, Scopus®, PubMed and additional data from books, proceedings and local prints were searched using relevant keywords and terminologies related to A. sowa for critical analyses. RESULTS The literature studies demonstrated that A. sowa possesses several ethnopharmacological activities, including pharmaceutical prescriptions, traditional applications, and spice in food preparations. The phytochemical investigation conducted on crude extracts has been characterized and identified various classes of compounds, including coumarins, anthraquinone, terpenoids, alkaloid, benzodioxoles, phenolics, polyphenols, phenolic and polyphenols, fatty acids, phthalides and carotenoids. The extracts and compounds from the different parts of A. sowa showed diverse in vitro and in vivo biological activities including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, Alzheimer associating neuromodulatory, cytotoxic, anticancer, antidiabetes, insecticidal and larvicidal. CONCLUSION A. sowa is a valuable medicinal plant which is especially used in food flavouring and culinary preparations. This review summarized the pertinent information on A. sowa and its traditional and culinary uses, as well as potential pharmacological properties of essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds. The traditional uses of A. sowa are supported by in vitro/vivo pharmacological studies; however, further investigation on A. sowa should be focused on isolation and identification of more active compounds and establish the links between the traditional uses and reported pharmacological activities with active compounds, as well as structure-activity relationship and in vivo mechanistic studies before integrated into the medicine. The toxicological report confirmed its safety. Nonetheless, pharmacokinetic evaluation tests to validate its bioavailability should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moshfekus Saleh-E-In
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Choi
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Parvez MK, Ahmed S, Al-Dosari MS, Abdelwahid MAS, Arbab AH, Al-Rehaily AJ, Al-Oqail MM. Novel Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of Euphorbia schimperi and Its Quercetin and Kaempferol Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29100-29110. [PMID: 34746599 PMCID: PMC8567387 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Natural or plant
products, because of their structural diversity,
are a potential source for identifying new anti-hepatitis B virus
(HBV) agents. Here, we report the anti-HBV activity of Euphorbia schimperi and its quercetin (QRC) and kaempferol
derivatives. The anti-HBV-active methanol fraction of E. schimperi was subjected to chromatographic techniques,
leading to isolation of three flavonols, following their structure
determination by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies.
Their cytotoxicity and anti-HBV potential were assessed using HBV
reporter HepG2.2.15 cells, and their modes of action were delineated
by molecular docking. The isolated compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside
(Q3R), and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (K3G) were
non-cytotoxic to HepG2.2.15 cells. The viral HBsAg/HBeAg production
on day 5 was significantly inhibited by K3G (∼70.2/∼73.4%),
Q3G (∼67.8/∼72.1%), and Q3R (∼63.2%/∼68.2%)
as compared to QRC (∼70.3/∼74.8%) and lamivudine (∼76.5/∼84.5%)
used as standards. The observed in vitro anti-HBV
potential was strongly supported by in silico analysis,
which suggested their structure-based activity via interfering with viral Pol/RT and core proteins. In conclusion,
this is the first report on the anti-HBV activity of E. schimperi-derived quercitrin-3-O-glucuronide, quercitrin-3-O-rhamnoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, most likely through interfering with HBV
proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K. Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. S. Abdelwahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 11114, Sudan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Ahmed H. Arbab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Adnan J. Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Li Y, Ye S, Hu Z, Hao N, Bo X, Liang H, Tian X. Identification of anti-TMV active flavonoid glycosides and their mode of action on virus particles from Clematis lasiandra Maxim. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5268-5277. [PMID: 34310837 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a disreputable plant pathogen that causes a decline in the quality and yield of various economic crops. Natural products are important potential sources of biopesticides to control TMV. This study focuses on the discovery of anti-TMV active flavonoid glycosides and their mode of action on TMV particles from Clematis lasiandra Maxim. RESULTS A new benzoyl acylated flavonoid glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2''-benzoyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), and nine known flavonoids (2-10) were identified first from C. lasiandra. The hydroxyl group at C-7, E-p-coumarate at C-6'' in the Glc of C-6, and the glucuronic acid at C-3 were functional groups for the antiviral flavonoid glycosides. Flavonoids 2, 5, and 6 showed higher inactivation efficacies of 64.62% to 82.54% compared with ningnanmycin at 500 μg ml-1 . The protective and curative efficacies for 2 and 5 were 57.44-59.00% and 41.17-43.92% at 500 μg ml-1 , respectively. Compound 5 showed higher TMV systemic resistance with control efficacies of 41.64%, 36.56% and 27.62% at concentrations of 500, 250 and 125 μg ml-1 compared with ningnanmycin in K326 tobaccos, respectively. Compound 5 can directly fracture TMV particles into small fragments combining with the fusion phenomena, and TMV-CP was an important target for 5 to break TMV particles. CONCLUSION Flavonoid glycosides from C. lasiandra showed potent antiviral activities against TMV with multiple modes of action including inactivation, protective and curative effects, and inducing systemic resistance. TMV-CP was an important target for active flavonoid glycosides to fracture TMV particles. The results provided evidence that flavonoid glycosides from C. lasiandra have the potential to control TMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwei Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Bo
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaguang Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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Scotti F, Mou L, Huang C, Booker A, Weckerle C, Maake C, Heinrich M. Treating Chronic Wounds Using Photoactive Metabolites: Data Mining the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Potential Lead Species. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:1206-1218. [PMID: 34528222 PMCID: PMC8585569 DOI: 10.1055/a-1578-8778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient wound treatment that addresses associated infections and inflammation remains one of the big unmet needs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. One strategy for securing better healthcare can be using medicinal plants if sufficient evidence on their safety and therapeutic benefits can be ascertained. A unique novel opportunity could be photo-enhanced wound treatment with a combination of light-sensitive plant preparations and local exposure to daylight. Data mining strategies using existing resources offer an excellent basis for developing such an approach with many potential plant candidates. In the present analysis, we researched the 535 botanical drugs included in the Chinese pharmacopeia and identified 183 medicinal plant species, 82 for treating open wounds caused by trauma and 101 for inflammatory skin conditions. After further screening for reports on the presence of known photoactive compounds, we determined a core group of 10 scientifically lesser-known botanical species that may potentially be developed into more widely used topical preparations for photodynamic treatment of infected wounds. Our predictive approach may contribute to developing a more evidence-based use of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scotti
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Linru Mou
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Anthony Booker
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster. London, UK
| | - Caroline Weckerle
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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Saleem M, Shazmeen N, Nazir M, Riaz N, Zengin G, Ataullah HM, Qurat-Ul-Ain, Nisar F, Mukhtar M, Tousif MI. Investigation on the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Polygonum Plebeium R.Br: A Comprehensive Approach to Disclose New Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100706. [PMID: 34636484 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes medicinal potential and secondary metabolic picture of the methanol extract (PP-M) of Polygonum plebeium R.Br. and its fractions; hexane (PP-H), ethyl acetate (PP-E) and water (PP-W). In total bioactive component estimation, highest contents of phenolic (89.38±0.27 mgGAE/g extract) and flavonoid (51.21±0.43 mgQE/g extract) were observed in PP-E, and the same fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant potential in DPPH (324.80±4.09 mgTE/g extract), ABTS (563.18±11.39 mgTE/g extract), CUPRAC (411.33±15.49 mgTE/g extract) and FRAC (369.54±1.70 mgTE/g extract) assays. In Phosphomolybdenum activity assay, PP-H and PP-E showed nearly similar potential, however, PP-H was the most active (13.54±0.24 mgEDTAE/g extract) in metal chelating activity assay. PP-W was the stronger inhibitor (4.03±0.05 mgGALAE/g extract) of the enzyme AChE, while PP-H was potent inhibitor of BChE (5.62±0.27 mg GALAE/g extract). Interestingly, PP-E was inactive against BChE. Against tyrosinase activity, PP-E was again the most active fraction with inhibitory value of 71.89±1.44 mg KAE/g extract, followed by the activity of PP-M and PP-W. Antidiabetic potential was almost equally distributed among PP-M, PP-H and PP-E. For mapping the chemodiversity of P. plebeium, PP-M was analyzed through UHPLC/MS, which led to the identification of more than 50 compounds. Flavonoids were the main components derived from isovitexin, kaempferol and luteolin however, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, gingerols and lyoniresinol 9'-sulfate were among important bioactive phenols. These findings prompted to conclude that Polygonum plebeium can be a significant source to offer new ingredient for nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-up-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Shazmeen
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-up-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mamona Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-up-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Qurat-Ul-Ain
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-up-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahreen Mukhtar
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-up-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Tousif
- Department of Chemistry, Dera Ghazi Khan Campus, University of Education Lahore, 32200, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
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Seimandi G, Álvarez N, Stegmayer MI, Fernández L, Ruiz V, Favaro MA, Derita M. An Update on Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Persicaria and Polygonum. Molecules 2021; 26:5956. [PMID: 34641500 PMCID: PMC8512787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new pharmaceutical identities, particularly anti-infective agents, represents an urgent need due to the increase in immunocompromised patients and the ineffectiveness/toxicity of the drugs currently used. The scientific community has recognized in the last decades the importance of the plant kingdom as a huge source of novel molecules which could act against different type of infections or illness. However, the great diversity of plant species makes it difficult to select them with probabilities of success, adding to the fact that existing information is difficult to find, it is atomized or disordered. Persicaria and Polygonum constitute two of the main representatives of the Polygonaceae family, which have been extensively used in traditional medicine worldwide. Important and structurally diverse bioactive compounds have been isolated from these genera of wild plants; among them, sesquiterpenes and flavonoids should be remarked. In this article, we firstly mention all the species reported with pharmacological use and their geographical distribution. Moreover, a number of tables which summarize an update detailing the type of natural product (extract or isolated compound), applied doses, displayed bioassays and the results obtained for the main bioactivities of these genera cited in the literature during the past 40 years. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-diabetic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, gastroprotective and neuropharmacological activities were explored and reviewed in this work, concluding that both genera could be the source for upcoming molecules to treat different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Seimandi
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Norma Álvarez
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - María Inés Stegmayer
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Laura Fernández
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Verónica Ruiz
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - María Alejandra Favaro
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Marcos Derita
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
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Liu ZH, Jin Z, Zhao H, Lu Y, Zhen H, Zou T. Effect and Safety of Kangfuyan Capsules () for Relieving Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:883-890. [PMID: 34432204 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect and safety of Kangfuyan Capsules () for treating pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial. METHODS Totally, 240 PID patients with CPP were randomized into 2 groups using a computer generated random number at a 1:1 ratio from 10 hospitals in China between September 2014 and November 2015. Patients received either oral Kangfuyan Capsules or Gongyanping Capsules (, control); the regimen for both groups comprised 4 capsules (3 times daily) for 12 weeks, with follow-up visit 4 weeks after treatment. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, clinical responses, remarkable cure rates for each symptom, and quality of life scores were assessed at baseline, and after 1, 2, and 3 months. Adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS The VAS scores were significantly lower (P<0.05), whereas the clinical responses, remarkable cure rates for lower abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, adnexal mass, and adnexal tenderness, and Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) scores were higher in the Kangfuyan group than in the control group at 3 months (P<0.05). Common treatment-related adverse events included high hepatic enzyme levels, reduced hemoglobin levels, and elevated platelet counts, although all the adverse events were either mild or moderate in severity. CONCLUSION Compared with Gongyanping therapy, Kangfuyan therapy yielded markedly better analgesia effects for CPP caused by PID, with obvious long-term efficacy and good safety. (Registration No. ChiCTR190022732).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
- China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhe Jin
- China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yao Lu
- China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Hui Zhen
- China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ting Zou
- China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
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Dragomanova S, Miteva S, Nicoletti F, Mangano K, Fagone P, Pricoco S, Staykov H, Tancheva L. Therapeutic Potential of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Viral Infections, including COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1294. [PMID: 34439542 PMCID: PMC8389191 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), resulting from a disrupted balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protective antioxidants, is thought to play an important pathogenetic role in several diseases, including viral infections. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is one of the most-studied and used natural compounds, as it is endowed with a well-defined antioxidant and immunomodulatory profile. Owing to these properties, LA has been tested in several chronic immunoinflammatory conditions, such as diabetic neuropathy and metabolic syndrome. In addition, a pharmacological antiviral profile of LA is emerging, that has attracted attention on the possible use of this compound for the cotreatment of several viral infections. Here, we will review the emerging literature on the potential use of LA in viral infections, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Simona Miteva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Pricoco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (K.M.); (P.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Hristian Staykov
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Medical University, Sofia, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.M.); (L.T.)
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Brito JCM, Lima WG, Cordeiro LPB, da Cruz Nizer WS. Effectiveness of supplementation with quercetin-type flavonols for treatment of viral lower respiratory tract infections: Systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4930-4942. [PMID: 33864310 PMCID: PMC8250479 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are considered a public health problem. They affect millions of people worldwide, causing thousands of deaths, and are treated with expensive medicines, such as antivirals or palliative measures. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to describe the use of quercetin‐type flavonols against lower respiratory tract viruses and discussed the preclinical impact of this approach on different signs and clinical mechanisms of infection. The systematic review was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo, and Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). After the database search, 11 relevant studies were identified as eligible. The analysis of these studies showed evidence of antiviral activity of quercetin‐type flavonols with significantly reduced mortality rate (M‐H = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.65, p‐value = 0.008) of infected animals and a reduction in the average viral load (IV = −1.93, 95% CI: −3.54 to −0.31, p‐value = 0.02). Additionally, quercetin and its derivatives reduced the amount of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, mucus production, and airway resistance in animals infected with a respiratory virus. Overall, supplementation with quercetin‐type flavonols is a promising strategy for treating viral‐induced lower respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Moreira Brito
- Department of Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Researcher of the Group (CNPq), Epidemiological, Economic and Pharmacological Studies of Arboviruses (EEPIFARBO), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - William Gustavo Lima
- Researcher of the Group (CNPq), Epidemiological, Economic and Pharmacological Studies of Arboviruses (EEPIFARBO), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lídia Pereira B Cordeiro
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Saakre M, Mathew D, Ravisankar V. Perspectives on plant flavonoid quercetin-based drugs for novel SARS-CoV-2. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 10:21. [PMID: 33782651 PMCID: PMC7989718 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The world pandemic COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is currently claiming thousands of lives. Flavonoids abundantly present in the fruits and vegetables, especially quercetin, are shown to have antiviral activities. Main text This paper reviews the capability of the plant flavonoid quercetin to fight the novel coronavirus and the possibility for drug development based on this. The mode of action explaining the known pathways through which this molecule succeeds in the antiviral activity, action of quercetin on SARS-CoV-2 main protease 3CLpro, antiviral activities of its derivatives on human viruses, effect of combination of zinc co-factor along with quercetin in the COVID-19 treatment, and the regulation of miRNA genes involved in the viral pathogenesis are discussed. Proof for this concept is provided following the virtual screening using ten key enzymes of SARS-CoV-2 and assessing their interactions. Active residues in the 3D structures have been predicted using CASTp and were docked against quercetin. Key proteins 3CLpro, spike glycoprotein/ human ACE2-BOAT1 complex, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, main peptidase, spike glycoprotein, RNA replicase, RNA binding protein, papain-like protease, SARS papain-like protease/ deubiquitinase, and complex of main peptidase with an additional Ala at the N-terminus of each protomer, have shown the binding energies ranging between − 6.71 and − 3.37 kcal/ Mol, showing that quercetin is a potential drug candidate inhibiting multiple SARS-CoV-2 enzymes. Conclusion The antiviral properties of flavonoid and the molecular mechanisms involved are reviewed. Further, proof for this concept is given by docking of key proteins from SARS-CoV-2 with quercetin. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjesh Saakre
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Deepu Mathew
- Bioinformatics Centre, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680 656 India
| | - V Ravisankar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680 656 India
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Su W, Chen P, Yang Z, Zhong N, Ma Q, Zeng X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li P. Network pharmacology integrated molecular docking reveals the potential of Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray against COVID-19. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1886873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pan Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qinhai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiashuo Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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In silico analysis of Phyllanthus amarus phytochemicals as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. CURRENT RESEARCH IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2021; 4. [PMCID: PMC8364217 DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus, also known as Bhui Korma in India, is well known for its medicinal properties and is used to treat several diseases worldwide. This study aims to identify phytochemicals from P. amarus and assess their anti-viral activity through in silico methods against the main protease (3CLPro/MPro) enzyme of the novel coronavirus. 190 compounds were obtained from literature and docked against 3CLPro and 16 compounds showed higher binding affinity with 3CLPro with their values lying between -8.9 kcal/mol to -9.6 kcal/mol. The top two compounds, Myricitrin (CID: 5352000) and Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (CID: 12004528) gave high binding affinity values of -9.6 kcal/mol and -9.4 kcal/mol respectively and also display favourable binding interactions with the 3CLPro. Both the compounds were further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA based binding free energy calculations. ADMET and drug-likeness properties were studied to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. Favourable pharmacokinetic results reinforced the applicability of the compounds assessed. Along with continuous studies being carried out with chemical compounds, research needs to expand into all areas, including the use of natural compounds as drug compounds. The identified hits from this study can be taken further for in vitro and in vivo studies to examine their efficacy against COVID-19.
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REN CZ, HU WY, LI JC, XIE YH, JIA NN, SHI J, WEI YY, HU TJ. Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1781-1792. [PMID: 32999131 PMCID: PMC7804032 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Zhi REN
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
- Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Wen-Yue HU
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Jun-Cheng LI
- Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Ying-Hong XIE
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ni-Na JIA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jun SHI
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ying-Yi WEI
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun HU
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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Mehrbod P, Hudy D, Shyntum D, Markowski J, Łos MJ, Ghavami S. Quercetin as a Natural Therapeutic Candidate for the Treatment of Influenza Virus. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E10. [PMID: 33374214 PMCID: PMC7824064 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical burden caused by respiratory manifestations of influenza virus (IV) outbreak as an infectious respiratory disease is so great that governments in both developed and developing countries have allocated significant national budget toward the development of strategies for prevention, control, and treatment of this infection, which is seemingly common and treatable, but can be deadly. Frequent mutations in its genome structure often result in resistance to standard medications. Thus, new generations of treatments are critical to combat this ever-evolving infection. Plant materials and active compounds have been tested for many years, including, more recently, active compounds like flavonoids. Quercetin is a compound belonging to the flavonols class and has shown therapeutic effects against influenza virus. The focus of this review includes viral pathogenesis as well as the application of quercetin and its derivatives as a complementary therapy in controlling influenza and its related symptoms based on the targets. We also touch on the potential of this class of compounds for treatment of SARS-COV-2, the cause of new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Divine Shyntum
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Markowski
- Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
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Liu J, Zeng Y, Sun G, Yu S, Xu Y, He C, Li Z, Jin S, Qin X. Polygonum perfoliatum L., an Excellent Herbal Medicine Widely Used in China: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581266. [PMID: 33304269 PMCID: PMC7701256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum perfoliatum L. (synonym: Polygonum knotweed L.; Persicaria perfoliata; family: Polygonaceae) is a kind of folk traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of wide use in the treatment of ancient internal, surgical, and gynecological diseases. At present, 80 chemical constituents have been isolated from P. perfoliatum, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids, among which flavonoids are the main active components. Modern studies have shown that P. perfoliatum has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-liver fibrosis, antitussive and expectorant, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and so on. By consulting and sorting out a large number of related literatures at home and abroad in recent years, this paper systematically reviewed the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and quality control of P. perfoliatum, and discussed its development potential in new drug research and clinical application in the future, in order to provide a reference basis for further research and promote the in-depth development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanlian Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojuan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaopeng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zulun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenrui Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuhua Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Niu J, Yuan M, Chen C, Wang L, Tang Z, Fan Y, Liu X, Ma YJ, Gan Y. Berberine-Loaded Thiolated Pluronic F127 Polymeric Micelles for Improving Skin Permeation and Retention. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9987-10005. [PMID: 33324058 PMCID: PMC7733396 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s270336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Challenges associated with local antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs include low penetration and retention of drugs at the expected action site. Additionally, improving these challenges allows for the prevention of side effects that are caused by drug absorption into the systemic circulation and helps to safely treat local skin diseases. Methods In the current study, we successfully prepared a thiolated pluronic F127 polymer micelles (BTFM), which binds to keratin through a disulphide bond, to produce skin retention. In addition, the small particle size of polymer micelles promotes the penetration of carriers into the skin. The current study was divided into two experiments: an in vitro experiment; an in vivo experiment that involved the penetration of the micelle-loaded drugs into the skin of rats, the skin irritation test and the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug-loaded micelles on dimethyl benzene-induced ear edema in mice. Results Results from our in vitro transdermal experiment revealed that the amount of drug absorbed through the skin was decreased after the drug was loaded in the BTFM. Further, results from the vivo study, which used fluorescence microscopy to identify the location of the BTFM after penetration, revealed that there was strong fluorescence in the epidermis layer, but there was no strong fluorescence in the deep skin layer. In addition, the BTFM had a very good safety profile with no potentially hazardous skin irritation and transdermal administration of BTFM could significantly suppress ear edema induced by dimethyl benzene. Therefore, these findings indicated that BTFM reduced the amount of drug that entered the systemic circulation. Our results also demonstrated that the BTFM had a certain affinity for keratin. Conclusion Our experimental results suggest that the BTFM may be an effective drug carrier for local skin therapy with good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiu Niu
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Zigui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Fan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiao Ma
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Quercetin: Antiviral Significance and Possible COVID-19 Integrative Considerations. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20976293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring dietary flavonoid, is well known to ameliorate chronic diseases and aging processes in humans, and its antiviral properties have been investigated in numerous studies. In silico and in vitro studies demonstrated that quercetin can interfere with various stages of the coronavirus entry and replication cycle such as PLpro, 3CLpro, and NTPase/helicase. Due to its pleiotropic activities and lack of systemic toxicity, quercetin and its derivatives may represent target compounds to be tested in future clinical trials to enrich the drug arsenal against coronavirus infections. There is evidence that quercetin in combination with, for example, vitamins C and D, may exert a synergistic antiviral action that may provide either an alternative or additional therapeutic/preventive option due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. This review summarizes the antiviral significance of quercetin and proposes a possible strategy for the effective utilization of natural polyphenols in our daily diet for the prevention of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Quiles JL, Rivas-García L, Varela-López A, Llopis J, Battino M, Sánchez-González C. Do nutrients and other bioactive molecules from foods have anything to say in the treatment against COVID-19? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110053. [PMID: 32835682 PMCID: PMC7442575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The repositioning of therapeutic agents already approved by the regulatory agencies for the use of drugs is very interesting due to the immediacy of their use; similarly, the possibility of using molecules derived from foods, whether nutrients or not, is of great importance, also because of their immediate therapeutic applicability. Candidates for these natural therapies against COVID-19 should show certain effects, such as restoring mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance. This would allow reducing the susceptibility of risk groups and the cascade of events after SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the clinical picture, triggered by the imbalance towards oxidation, inflammation, and cytokine storm. Possible strategies to follow through the use of substances of food origin would include: a) the promotion of mitophagy to remove dysfunctional mitochondria originating from free radicals, proton imbalance and virus evasion of the immune system; b) the administration of transition metals whose redox activity would lead to their own oxidation and the consequent generation of a reduced environment, which would normalize the oxidative state and the intracellular pH; c) the administration of molecules with demonstrated antioxidant capacity; d) the administration of compounds with anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory activity; e) the administration of immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Llopis
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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Lammi C, Arnoldi A. Food-derived antioxidants and COVID-19. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13557. [PMID: 33171544 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV), the pathogenic agent of COVID-19 disease, started to expand from Wuhan, China, on December 2019 and in 2 months, it spread worldwide giving origin to a pandemic. COVID-19 has a stronger transmission capacity by inhalation of infectious aerosols and after an incubation time of 3-14 days, it may be responsible for diseases ranging from the asymptomatic to fatal consequences. COVID-19 has emerged as a multifaceted, multisystem, multi-organ disorder, which produces its pathogenic effects through a quite ubiquitous target at the level of multiple organs and in which oxidative stress and inflammatory process play relevant roles. Thus, besides the development of a pharmacological therapy, in the field of alternative and coadjutant therapeutic, the use of dietary supplements or nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be a useful strategy. Herein, we specifically comment on some literature evidences, which link the food-derived antioxidants and metal-chelating agents with treatment and prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation that play a key role in the progression of COVID-19. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oxidative stress and inflammation are key factors increasing COVID-19 severity especially in the presence of chronic diseases associated with the antioxidant system fragility. These evidences support the recommendation of antioxidants supplementation as useful strategies against COVID-19. In light with these observations, herein, a comment which describes the major antioxidants and metal-chelating agents from food sources that might be useful for the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science University of Milan Milan Italy
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Water Extract of Lotus Leaf Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating Protein Metabolism-Related Pathways in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204592. [PMID: 33050143 PMCID: PMC7587191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an abnormal condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and is primarily caused by injury, malnutrition, various diseases, and aging. Leaf of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), which has been used for medicinal purposes, contains various active ingredients, including polyphenols, and is reported to exert an antioxidant effect. In this study, we investigated the effect of water extract of lotus leaf (LL) on muscle atrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Amounts of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg/day LL were administered to dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy mice for 4 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis revealed that the intake of LL significantly increased calf muscle volume, surface area, and density in DEX-induced muscle atrophy mice. Administration of LL recovered moving distance, grip strength, ATP production, and body weight, which were decreased by DEX. In addition, muscle damage caused by DEX was also improved by LL. LL reduced the protein catabolic pathway by suppressing gene expression of muscle atrophy F-Box (MAFbx; atrogin-1), muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), and forkhead box O (FoxO)3a, as well as phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). The AKT-mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway, which is important for muscle protein synthesis, was increased in LL-administered groups. The HPLC analysis and pharmacological test revealed that quercetin 3-O-beta-glucuronide (Q3G) is a major active component in LL. Thus, Q3G decreased the gene expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and phosphorylation of AMPK. This compound also increased phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its upstream enzyme AKT in DEX-treated C2C12 cells. We identified that LL improves muscle wasting through regulation of muscle protein metabolism in DEX-induced muscle atrophy mice. Q3G is predicted to be one of the major active phenolic components in LL. Therefore, we propose LL as a supplement or therapeutic agent to prevent or treat muscle wasting, such as sarcopenia.
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da Silva FMA, da Silva KPA, de Oliveira LPM, Costa EV, Koolen HHF, Pinheiro MLB, de Souza AQL, de Souza ADL. Flavonoid glycosides and their putative human metabolites as potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200207. [PMID: 33027419 PMCID: PMC7534957 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic infection, important severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) non-structural proteins (nsp) have been analysed as promising targets in virtual screening approaches. Among these proteins, 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), also named main protease, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), have been identified as fundamental targets due to its importance in the viral replication stages. OBJECTIVES To investigate, in silico, two of the most abundant flavonoid glycosides from Dysphania ambrosioides; a medicinal plant found in many regions of the world, along with some of the putative derivatives of these flavonoid glycosides in the human organism as potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and RdRp. METHODS Using a molecular docking approach, the interactions and the binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and RdRp were predicted for quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin) and some of their glucuronide and sulfate derivatives. FINDINGS Docking analysis, based on the crystal structure of 3CLpro and RdRp, indicated rutin, nicotiflorin, and their glucuronide and sulfate derivatives as potential inhibitors for both proteins. Also, the importance of the hydrogen bond and π-based interactions was evidenced for the presumed active sites. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that both flavonoid glycosides and their putative human metabolites can play a key role as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and RdRp. Obviously, further researches, mainly in vitro and in vivo experiments, are necessary to certify the docking results reported here, as well as the adequate application of these substances. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate the risks of D. ambrosioides as a phytomedicine for use against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Moura A da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Central Analítica, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Luiz Paulo M de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Central Analítica, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Química, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Hector HF Koolen
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Maria Lúcia B Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Central Analítica, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Antonia Queiroz L de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Central Analítica, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Afonso Duarte L de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Central Analítica, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Química, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Malekmohammad K, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sardari S, Sewell RDE. Effective Antiviral Medicinal Plants and Biological Compounds Against Central Nervous System Infections: A Mechanistic Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:469-483. [PMID: 31309894 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190715114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Infectious diseases are amongst the leading causes of death in the world and central nervous system infections produced by viruses may either be fatal or generate a wide range of symptoms that affect global human health. Most antiviral plants contain active phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, some of which play an important antiviral role. Herein, we present a background to viral central nervous system (CNS) infections, followed by a review of medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that are effective against viral pathogens in CNS infections. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on scientific databases including: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The relevant keywords used as search terms were: "myelitis", "encephalitis", "meningitis", "meningoencephalitis", "encephalomyelitis", "central nervous system", "brain", "spinal cord", "infection", "virus", "medicinal plants", and "biological compounds". RESULTS The most significant viruses involved in central nervous system infections are: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), West Nile Virus (WNV), Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), and Dengue Virus (DENV). The inhibitory activity of medicinal plants against CNS viruses is mostly active through prevention of viral binding to cell membranes, blocking viral genome replication, prevention of viral protein expression, scavenging reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and reduction of plaque formation. CONCLUSION Due to the increased resistance of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) to antimicrobial therapies, alternative treatments, especially using plant sources and their bioactive constituents, appear to be more fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khojasteh Malekmohammad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Sardari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, Wales, United Kingdom
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Cadena-Velandia ZG, Montenegro-Alarcón JC, Marquínez-Casas X, Mora-Huertas CE. Quercetin-loaded alginate microparticles: A contribution on the particle structure. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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