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Anmol, Aggarwal G, Sharma M, Singh R, Shivani, Sharma U. Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117385. [PMID: 37951375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE India has an extensive reservoir of traditional wisdom and a diverse range of medicinal plants that enrich its heritage. Plants have actively been used for healthcare practices globally since the time immemorial. Medicinal uses of plants have been well recognized in India, evident from plant species documented in different traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda (1400-1800 species), Siddha (500-900 species), Unani (400-700 species), Homeopathy (about 372 species), and Sowa-Rigpa (about 250 species), etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary purpose of this review is to provide systematic updated information on thirteen medicinal plants prioritized by the Indian government (providing75 % subsidy on cultivation cost) based on the availability and market demand of these plants. Updated information regarding the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and conservation status of these plants will help in understanding their pharmacological and commercial importance. This will also help in developing new strategies for their conservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online databases such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar were used to collect the electronically available literature on targeted thirteen plants. Also, different Indian government official websites such as AYUSH (https://www.ayush.gov.in); NMPB (National Medicinal Plants Board) (https://nmpb.nic.in); e.charak (https://echarak.in) were used for collecting information related to the amount of subsidy, trade and price related information of these plants. RESULTS To promote medicinal plant cultivation, the Indian government provides subsidies for cultivating some traditionally important medicinal plants. These plants are divided into three categories according to the subsidy provided to farmers, i.e., 30%, 50%, and 75% of the cost of cultivation. Thirteen medicinal plants which are provided 75% subsidy are Aconitum ferox Wall., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., Berberis aristata DC., Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f., Santalum Album L., Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., and Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. The literature survey reveals the enormous traditional medicinal importance, wide geographical distribution, diverse range of natural products, and broad spectrum of pharmacological activities of these plants. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature survey revealed that although remarkable progress has been made in isolation, bioactivity evaluation, quality assessment, and conservation, there is still a lot of scope for further scientific interventions. Scientific validation of traditionally claimed medicinal potential is lacking for various bioactivities. Some of the bioactivities are performed just on extracts/fractions, so there is a need for proper phytochemical studies to identify active constituents responsible for the specific bioactivity. Further, quality assessment methods using both targeted and non-targeted tools are required to evaluate the quality of these highly-priced medicinal plants and their adulterants. Ultimately, to encourage the cultivation of these endangered medicinal plant species, it is imperative to implement proper legislation and employ in-situ and ex-situ conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Aggarwal
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mehak Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raman Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Huang Z, Xu C, Zhao L, Wei C, Wu Y, Qiu J, Yu Z, Yang K, Hu H, Wang Z. Preparation, optimization and in vivo study of gastric floating tablets of constunolide and dehydrocostus lactone with ideal therapeutic effect on gastric diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Qiburi Q, Ganbold T, Aoqier A, Yang D, Su Z, Bao M, He M, Gaowa S, Temuqile T, Baigude H. Analysis and identification of key anti-inflammatory molecules in Eerdun Wurile and exploration of their mechanism of action in microglia. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123458. [PMID: 36183605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ethnomedicine Eerdun Wurile (EW) can significantly promote poststroke neuro-recovery through modulation of microglia polarization. Fraction 4-6 (F4-6) isolated from EW via serial fractionation inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in LPS stimulated microglia. However, the key active molecules of F4-6 have not been identified. Herein, we identified alantolactone (Ala) and dehydrodiisoeugenol (Deh) as the active anti-inflammatory components of F4-6 by UPLC-qTof MS analysis. We confirmed that, F4-6, Ala, Deh and mixture of Ala and Deh (Mix) downregulate the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes including Ccl2, Cox2 and Il6 in LPS-treated microglia in a similar pattern. At the same time upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory genes including Hmox1, Tgfβ, Igf1 and Creb1. Moreover, the conditioned culture media obtained from F4-6 treated microglia significantly enhanced proliferation of N2a cells, and promoted neurite outgrowth possibly through upregulation of Nefh and Dlg4. Mechanistically, F4-6 strongly downregulated the expression of NF-κB p65, while also inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65, leading to the suppression of transcription of pro-inflammatory genes initiated by NF-κB. Collectively, our data identified and quantified the key chemicals of EW and provide insights into the optimization of the herbal composition for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiburi Qiburi
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Tsogzolmaa Ganbold
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Aoqier Aoqier
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Su
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Mingming Bao
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Meng He
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Saren Gaowa
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China
| | - Temuqile Temuqile
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China.
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China.
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Houchi S, Messasma Z. Exploring the inhibitory potential of Saussurea costus and Saussurea involucrata phytoconstituents against the Spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant and the main protease (M pro) as therapeutic candidates, using Molecular docking, DFT, and ADME/Tox studies. J Mol Struct 2022; 1263:133032. [PMID: 35431327 PMCID: PMC8993769 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B.1.617.2 Delta variant is considered to be the most infectious of all SARS-CoV2 variants. Here, an attempt has been made through in-silico screening of 55 bioactive compounds from two selected plants, Saussurea costus and Saussurea involucrata as potential inhibitors of two viral proteases, main protease Mpro (PDB ID:6LU7) and the RBD of SGP of Sars-CoV-2 B1.617.2 Delta variant (PDB ID:7ORB) where the binding energy, molecular interactions, ADMET/Tox, chemical descriptors and Quantum-Chemical Calculations were explored. Molecular docking results demonstrated that the three top docked compounds formed relatively stable complexes within the active site and displayed remarkable binding energy in the order of Tangshenoside III, Rutin and Hesperidin (-9.35, -9.14 and -8.57 kcal/mol, respectively) with Mpro and Rutin, Tangshenoside III and Hesperidin (-9.07, -7.71 and -7.57 kcal/mol) with RBD of SGP. These compounds are non-Mutagen and non-carcinogen. Therefore, according to the Lipinski's Rule of Five they exhibited three violations concerning hydrogen acceptor, donor and molecular weight. However, based on the Quantum-Chemical Calculations results the selected ligands have effective reactivity, as they showed lower band gaps. The difference of the ELUMO and EHOMO was low, ranging from 0.0639 to 0.0978 a.u, implying the strong affinity of these inhibitors towards the target proteins. Among the three inhibitors, Rutin exhibited higher reactivity against two viral proteases, main protease (Mpro) and the Sars-CoV-2 B1.617.2, as the band energy gap was lowest among all the three phytochemicals, 0.0639 a.u This could indicate that Rutincan be potential anti-viral drug candidates against the existing SARS-CoV-2, the B.1.617.2 Delta variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Houchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Algeria
| | - Zakia Messasma
- Department of Process Engineering, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Molecular Engineering and Redox Catalysis, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000, Algeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000, Algeria
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Phytochemical Discrimination, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Water-Soluble Inhibitors from Saussurea costus Herb against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154908. [PMID: 35956858 PMCID: PMC9370511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Siddha medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and is believed to have originated more than 10,000 years ago and is prevalent across ancient Tamil land. It is undeniable that inhibitor preferences rise with increasing solubility in water due to the considerations pertaining to the bioavailability and the ease of which unabsorbed residues can be disposed of. In this study, we showed the phytochemical discrimination of Saussurea costus extracted with water at room temperature as a green extraction procedure. A total of 48 compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fatty acids had a high phytochemical abundance at 73.8%, followed by tannins at 8.2%, carbohydrates at 6.9%, terpenoids at 4.3%, carboxylic acids at 2.5%, hydrocarbons at 2.4%, phenolic compounds at 0.2%, and sterols at 1.5%. Of these compounds, 22 were docked on the active side and on the catalytic dyad of His41 and Cys145 of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro). Eight active inhibitors were carbohydrates, five were fatty acids, three were terpenoids, two were carboxylic acids, one was a tannin, one was a phenolic compound, and one was a sterol. The best inhibitors were 4,8,13-Cyclotetradecatriene-1,3-diol, 1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(1-methylethyl), Andrographolide, and delta.4-Androstene-3.beta.,17.beta.-diol, with a binding affinity that ranged from −6.1 kcal/mol to −6.5 kcal/mol. The inhibitory effect of Saussurea costus of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell was studied using a pseudovirus with Spike proteins from the D614G variant and the VOC variants Gamma and Delta. Based on the viral cycle of SARS-CoV-2, our results suggest that the Saussurea costus aqueous extract has no virucidal effect and inhibits the virus in the events after cell entry. Furthermore, the biological activity of the aqueous extract was investigated against HSV-1 virus and two bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1026 and Escherichia coli ATCC 9637. According to this study, an enormous number of water-soluble inhibitors were identified from Saussurea costus against the Mpro, and this is unprecedented as far as we know.
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Keshavarz MH, Shirazi Z, Sayehvand F. A novel approach for assessment of antitrypanosomal activity of sesquiterpene lactones through additive and non-additive molecular structure parameters. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10495-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arberas-Jiménez I, Rizo-Liendo A, Nocchi N, Sifaoui I, Chao-Pellicer J, Souto ML, Suárez-Gómez B, Díaz-Marrero AR, Fernández JJ, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Sesquiterpene lactones as potential therapeutic agents against Naegleria fowleri. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Yamazaki H, Tsuge H, Takahashi O, Uchida R. Germacrane sesquiterpenes from leaves of Eupatorium chinense inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 53:128422. [PMID: 34710624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three new germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones (1-3) were isolated alongside seven known related congeners (4-10) from the leaves of Eupatorium chinense L. (Compositae). The planar structures of 1-3 were elucidated by their spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The relative and absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined using NOESY experiments and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 7 inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B activity with IC50 values of 25, 11, 28, and 24 μM, respectively. Among these, compound 4 exhibited an inhibitory effect on T-cell PTP (TCPTP) with an IC50 value of 25 μM. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the PTP inhibitory activity of the germacrane sesquiterpenes. The results show that compound 4 acts as an inhibitor of both PTP1B and TCPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Hayato Tsuge
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Ohgi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Ryuji Uchida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Huang Z, Wei C, Yang K, Yu Z, Wang Z, Hu H. Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix: A systematic review in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114372. [PMID: 34186101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aucklandiae Radix (AR) and Vladimiriae Radix (VR), as commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine, were widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The two herbal medicines were warm, pungent and bitter. They entered the spleen, stomach, large intestine and gallbladder meridians, and had the effect of promoting qi circulation to relieve pain. It is usually used for chest and hypochondrium, abdominal fullness and pain, tenesmus, indigestion, and warming the middle to harmonize the stomach in clinically. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To provide a reference for the identification of traditional use, the material basis of efficacy and preclinical research between AR and VR, this review systematically summarized the similarities and differences in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and modern pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature information was collected systematically from the electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Geen Medical, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of herbal medicine, master's thesis, doctoral thesis. RESULTS In the plateau areas of Sichuan Province, VR used to be regarded as substitute or local habit for AR, which is regularly used for chest, abdominal fullness and pain, diarrhea, and other related diseases. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) 2020 edition, 145 prescription preparations with AR were collected, such as Xianglian Wan, Muxiang Shunqi Wan, Liuwei Muxiang San. However, only one prescription preparation (Jiuxiang Zhitong Wan) contained VR. Additionally, 237 and 254 chemical components were separately isolated and identified from AR and VR, 69 kinds of compounds were common among them, and the significant differences were presented in sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Moreover, Costunolide (COS) and Dehydrocostus lactone (DEH), two main research objects of modern pharmacology, showed multiple pharmacological activities. Not only could they inhibit the activity of some cancer cells (such as breast cancer and leukemia cells), but they regulated the levels of various inflammatory factors (including TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6) and repressed the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms (like Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus). CONCLUSION COS and DEH as the common active components, provide a certain basis for local medicine about the substitution of VR for AR in Sichuan province of China in the past. In addition, the sesquiterpenoids are the main common compounds in AR and VR by collecting and collating a large number of literature and various data websites. Furthermore, AR and VR have significant differences in ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry, especially in sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids, and are probably viewed as reference of a separate list of AR and VR in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chunlei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Choi DH, Kim JY, An JH, Sung SH, Kong HS. Effects of Saussurea costus on apoptosis imbalance and inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114349. [PMID: 34171398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea costus (synonym: Aucklandia lappa Decne) is a medicinal plant distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Sichuan in China. In traditional Korean medicine, the plant parts (especially the root-"radix aucklandiae") is widely used to treat vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation. However, little has been reported on its effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is common in middle-aged men. AIM OF THE STUDY BPH is caused by apoptosis imbalance and inflammation due to aging of the prostate. Therefore, the aim of this was to prove the efficacy of S. costus by analyzing its effect on the biological mechanisms leading to BPH progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of testosterone (125 mg/kg) to induce BPH, and were later administered with S. costus (20, 40 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, histological changes in the prostate and hormone regulation factors were assessed in all animals. Furthermore, apoptotic protein and apoptotic body values were analyzed to confirm the improvement of apoptosis imbalance, and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed to confirm the anti-inflammatory efficacy of S. costus. RESULTS In the serum and tissue of S. costus-treated BPH rats, a significant reduction in prostate weight, prostate index, and hormone regulation factors was observed. S. costus also increased the levels of apoptosis marker proteins and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. It also decreased the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and increased the expression of BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) in the prostate. Histological changes such as epithelial thickness significantly increased in BPH induced group but significantly decreased in the S. costus-treated groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS S. costus may prevent and treat BPH occurrence by modulating inflammation and apoptosis imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Choi
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; KOSA BIO Inc., 697, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13511, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; KOSA BIO Inc., 697, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13511, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho An
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; KOSA BIO Inc., 697, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13511, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Sung
- Qu-BEST BIO Co., Ltd. 120 Heungdeokjungang-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16950, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Seok Kong
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; College of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.
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Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, Nocchi N, López-Arencibia A, San Nicolás-Hernández D, Souto ML, Suárez-Gómez B, Díaz-Marrero AR, Fernández JJ, Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE. Antikinetoplastid Activity of Sesquiterpenes Isolated from the Zoanthid Palythoa aff. clavata. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111095. [PMID: 34832876 PMCID: PMC8625207 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases that cause problems in developing countries. The causative agents, Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi, produce a clinical picture that can be fatal for the patient, such as Chagas heart disease, visceral leishmaniasis and megacolon, among others. Current treatments for these diseases are not very effective and highly toxic, since they require very prolonged treatments. The development of innovative, effective and safe drugs to fight infections caused by these parasites remains a challenge. For this reason, in recent years, there has been an increase in the search for new therapies. In this study, the antikinetoplastid activity of 13 sesquiterpene lactones obtained from Palythoa aff. clavata was screened against L. amazonensis, L. donovani and T. cruzi. The results revealed that the sesquiterpene lactones anhydroartemorin (2), cis,trans-costunolide-14-acetate (3) and 4-hydroxyarbusculin A (11) were the most selective against the kinetoplastid species studied. These molecules seem to induce the mechanisms involved in an apoptotic-like death or programmed cell death (PCD) in the kinetoplastids, and since they do not cause necrosis, the inflammatory events associated with this type of cell death will not be triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (C.J.B.-E.); (A.L.-A.); (D.S.N.-H.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalia Nocchi
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (N.N.); (M.L.S.); (B.S.-G.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (C.J.B.-E.); (A.L.-A.); (D.S.N.-H.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (C.J.B.-E.); (A.L.-A.); (D.S.N.-H.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L. Souto
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (N.N.); (M.L.S.); (B.S.-G.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Blanca Suárez-Gómez
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (N.N.); (M.L.S.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Ana R. Díaz-Marrero
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (N.N.); (M.L.S.); (B.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.D.-M.); (J.J.F.); (J.L.-M.); (J.E.P.)
| | - José J. Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (N.N.); (M.L.S.); (B.S.-G.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.D.-M.); (J.J.F.); (J.L.-M.); (J.E.P.)
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (C.J.B.-E.); (A.L.-A.); (D.S.N.-H.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.D.-M.); (J.J.F.); (J.L.-M.); (J.E.P.)
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (C.J.B.-E.); (A.L.-A.); (D.S.N.-H.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.D.-M.); (J.J.F.); (J.L.-M.); (J.E.P.)
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Zhuang K, Xia Q, Zhang S, Maharajan K, Liu K, Zhang Y. A comprehensive chemical and pharmacological review of three confusable Chinese herbal medicine-Aucklandiae radix, Vladimiriae radix, and Inulae radix. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6655-6689. [PMID: 34431559 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aucklandiae radix (AR, Muxiang), vladimiriae radix (VR, Chuanmuxiang), and inulae radix (IR, Tumuxiang) are widely used in clinical or folk medicine in China. Their Chinese names all have the Chinese character "Muxiang," which makes it confusable in usage, especially AR and VR, because VR was used as a substitute for AR during a historical period. The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China has approved AR as a functional food. However, VR and IR are not listed. Many research articles on three kinds of "Muxiang" have been published. However, no review was appeared to compare similarities and differences among the three kinds of "Muxiang." Here, the morphological characterization, phytochemistry, and pharmaceutical effects of AR, VR, and IR were reviewed. We found that only six compounds were common in the three species. Twenty-six compounds were common to AR and VR. Twenty-two compounds were common to AR and IR. Only seven compounds were common to VR and IR. The extracts of AR, VR, and IR were all reported with antiinflammatory effects, which is the most important activity of "Muxiang" species. The volatile oil of AR, VR, and IR had antibacterial activities. Extracts of AR and VR showed anti-gastric ulcers and anti-diarrhea effects. Extracts of AR and IR exhibited anticancer effects. In addition, AR extract had liver protective effect. It is worth mentioning that costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, which were the common representative compounds of "Muxiang" species, showed antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti-gastric ulcers, and liver protective effects. This review will be a benefit reference for correct understanding and application of the three "Muxiang" species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Zhuang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Kannan Maharajan
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
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Patients' Behavior Regarding Dietary or Herbal Supplements before and during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105086. [PMID: 34064950 PMCID: PMC8151200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of traditional medicinal plants in Saudi Arabia stems mainly from consumers’ belief in prophetic medicine. This study was conducted to explore changes in patients’ use of dietary or herbal supplements among individuals infected with COVID-19 before and during infection and the association between herbal or dietary supplements and hospitalization. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted enrolling symptomatic patients who had recently recovered from COVID-19. Data were collected through phone interviews, and McNemar’s test was used to investigate changes to consumption of dietary or herbal supplements before and during infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between supplements use during patients’ infection and hospitalization. A total of 738 patients were included in this study, of whom 32.1% required hospitalization. About 57% of participants were male with a mean age of 36.5 (±11.9) years. The use of lemon/orange, honey, ginger, vitamin C, and black seed among participants significantly increased during their infection. In contrast, patients using anise, peppermint, and coffee peel before their infection were more likely to stop using them during their infection. In addition, using lemon/orange (p < 0.0001), honey (p = 0.0002), ginger (p = 0.0053), vitamin C (p = 0.0006), black seed (p < 0.0001), peppermint (p = 0.0027), costus (p = 0.0095), and turmeric (p = 0.0012) was significantly higher among nonhospitalized patients than hospitalized ones. However, in the multivariable logistic regression, only use of vitamin C (OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.33–0.79), peppermint (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.31–0.90), and lemon/orange (OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.33–0.88) was associated with significantly lower odds of hospitalization. The study reveals that patients’ consumption of dietary or herbal supplements changed in response to their COVID-19 infection, with hospitalized patients having a lower likelihood of using these supplements. Because some supplements were associated with lower odds of hospitalization, these supplements or their bioactive components should be further investigated as feasible options for COVID-19 treatment.
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Borgo J, Laurella LC, Martini F, Catalán CAN, Sülsen VP. Stevia Genus: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities Update. Molecules 2021; 26:2733. [PMID: 34066562 PMCID: PMC8125113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stevia genus (Asteraceae) comprises around 230 species, distributed from the southern United States to the South American Andean region. Stevia rebaudiana, a Paraguayan herb that produces an intensely sweet diterpene glycoside called stevioside, is the most relevant member of this genus. Apart from S. rebaudiana, many other species belonging to the Stevia genus are considered medicinal and have been popularly used to treat different ailments. The members from this genus produce sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, longipinanes, and flavonoids as the main types of phytochemicals. Many pharmacological activities have been described for Stevia extracts and isolated compounds, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities being the most frequently mentioned. This review aims to present an update of the Stevia genus covering ethnobotanical aspects and traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of the extracts and isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Borgo
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (J.B.); (L.C.L.); (F.M.)
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Laura C. Laurella
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (J.B.); (L.C.L.); (F.M.)
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Florencia Martini
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (J.B.); (L.C.L.); (F.M.)
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Cesar A. N. Catalán
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina;
| | - Valeria P. Sülsen
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (J.B.); (L.C.L.); (F.M.)
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
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Khan N, Jamila N, Amin F, Masood R, Atlas A, Khan W, Ain NU, Khan SN. Quantification of macro, micro and trace elements, and antimicrobial activity of medicinal herbs and their products. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Nadda RK, Ali A, Goyal RC, Khosla PK, Goyal R. Aucklandia costus (Syn. Saussurea costus): Ethnopharmacology of an endangered medicinal plant of the himalayan region. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113199. [PMID: 32730877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aucklandia costus Falc. a medicinal plant is native to the Himalayan region and synonymous with Saussurea costus, Saussurea lappa, and Aucklandia lappa. It has an ancient background of being used ethnopharmacologically for various body ailments. According to Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Costus roots are recommended for leukoderma, liver, kidney, blood disorders, Qi stagnation, and tridosha. Root and powder are used orally with warm water to cure gastric problems, and the paste is applied to the inflamed area to relieve pain. Root paste is applied on the skin to cure boils, blisters, and leprosy. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present review is to establish a correlation among the ethnopharmacological uses and scientific studies conducted on A. costus with chemical constituents, safety & toxicity data including future directions for its conservation with higher yield and effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted by studying books, research papers, and literature in history, agroforestry, phytopharmacology of Himalayan plants using international databases, publication, Red data book, and reports. The search engines: Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley Inter-science, Indian Materia Medica, Science Direct, and referred journals are referenced. RESULTS The literature collected from databases, journals, websites, and books mentioned the use of costus roots in local and traditional practices. CITES included A. costus in a critically endangered category due to lack of cultural practices and overexploitation from wild. A. costus roots are known since 13th century for use in ancient Ayurvedic products but the scientific evaluation is of future research interest. A correlation of traditional uses with scientific studies has been explored to assess the effect of root powder, extract, oil and isolated constituents: Costunolids, Saussureamine B and Dehydrocostus lactone etc. in gastric ulceration and lesions; inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation, mucin production, number of immune cells, eosinophils, and expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in asthma. The inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators is also reported by Cynaropicrin, Alantolactone, Caryophyllene, Costic acid. Also, the sesquiterpene lactones has profound effect in inhibition of inflammatory stages and induced apoptotic cascades in cancer. Very few data on the safety and toxicity of plant parts have been noted which needs to be evaluated scientifically. CONCLUSION A. costus have been noted to have remarkable effect for gastric, hepatic, inflammatory, respiratory, cancer, skin problems but there were several errors in selection of plant material, authentification, selection of dose, assessment, selection of standard and control have been identified. Therefore, a schematic drug development and research strategy exploiting the potential of plant extract, fraction, products and probable constituents, costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, cynaropicrin, saussureamine assuring dose-response relationship and safety may be determined under pre-clinical which may be extrapolated to clinical level. An evaluation of phytochemicals in A. costus collected from different geographical location in Himalayas may be drawn to identify and conserve the higher yielding plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Nadda
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Aaliya Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Renu Chib Goyal
- Natural Product Chemistry Microbes, Indian institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR Lab, Canal Road), Jammu, J&K, 180001, India
| | - Prem Kumar Khosla
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
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18
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Thakur V, Bains S, Pathania S, Sharma S, Kaur R, Singh K. Comparative transcriptomics reveals candidate transcription factors involved in costunolide biosynthesis in medicinal plant-Saussurea lappa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:52-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Trypanocidal Activity of Four Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from Asteraceae Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092014. [PMID: 32344932 PMCID: PMC7248990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene lactones eupatoriopicrin, estafietin, eupahakonenin B and minimolide have been isolated from Argentinean Astearaceae species and have been found to be active against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of these compounds by analyzing their effect against the stages of the parasites that are infective for the human. Even more interesting, we aimed to determine the effect of the most active and selective compound on an in vivo model of T. cruzi infection. Eupatoriopicrin was the most active against amastigotes and tripomastigotes (IC50 = 2.3 µg/mL, and 7.2 µg/mL, respectively) and displayed a high selectivity index. This compound was selected to study on an in vivo model of T. cruzi infection. The administration of 1 mg/kg/day of eupatoriopicrin for five consecutive days to infected mice produced a significant reduction in the parasitaemia levels in comparison with non-treated animals (area under parasitaemia curves 4.48 vs. 30.47, respectively). Skeletal muscular tissues from eupatopicrin-treated mice displayed only focal and interstitial lymphocyte inflammatory infiltrates and small areas of necrotic; by contrast, skeletal tissues from T. cruzi infected mice treated with the vehicle showed severe lymphocyte inflammatory infiltrates with necrosis of the adjacent myocytes. The results indicate that eupatoriopicrin could be considered a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic agents for Chagas disease.
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Michalak B, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Waltenberger B, Atanasov AG, Khan SY, Breuss JM, Uhrin P, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Stojakowska A, Stuppner H, Kiss AK. Eupatoriopicrin Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Functions of Neutrophils via Suppression of IL-8 and TNF-alpha Production and p38 and ERK 1/2 MAP Kinases. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:375-385. [PMID: 30653318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During chronic inflammation, neutrophils acting locally as effector cells not only activate antibacterial defense but also promote the inflammatory response. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), the main cytokine produced by activated neutrophils, positively correlates with the severity of respiratory tract diseases. By screening European plants traditionally used for treating respiratory tract diseases, we found that extracts of aerial parts of Eupatorium cannabinum inhibit IL-8 release from neutrophils. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, we identified five sesquiterpene lactones, eupatoriopicrin (1), 5'-deoxyeupatoriopicrin (2), hiyodorilactone A (3), 3-hydroxy-5'- O-acetyleupatoriopicrin = hiyodorilactone D (4), and hiyodorilactone B (5), that efficiently (IC50 < 1 μM) inhibited IL-8 and TNF-α release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils. Moreover, all these sesquiterpene lactones suppressed the adhesion of human neutrophils to an endothelial monolayer by downregulating the expression of the β2 integrin CD11b/CD18 on the neutrophil surface. Furthermore, eupatoriopicrin efficiently suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK and attenuated neutrophil infiltration in the thioglycolate-induced peritonitis model in mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of the sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin as a lead substance for targeting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Michalak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI) , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Science , Jastrzębiec 05-552 , Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Vienna , Vienna 1010 , Austria
| | - Shafaat Y Khan
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090 , Austria
- Department of Zoology , University of Sargodha , Sargodha 40010 , Pakistan
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090 , Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090 , Austria
| | - Barbara Żyżyńska-Granica
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Phytochemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków 30-024 , Poland
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI) , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
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Qi S, Yang Y, Xian X, Li X, Gao H. A new sesquiterpenoid glycoside from Saussurea involucrata. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:943-949. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1543683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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In vitro antiprotozoal activity of some medicinal plants against sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2607-2617. [PMID: 30511591 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Antiprotozoal activity of 36 medicinal plants was evaluated. MATERIALS & METHODS In vitro potency against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. b. rhodesiense, T. cruzi and Leishmania infantum beside cytotoxicity on MRC-5 fibroblasts were determined. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Maytenus parviflora showed the highest activity against T. b. brucei (IC50 of 0.6 μg/ml) and T. b. rhodesiense (IC50 of 0.5 μg/ml) with low cytotoxicity (CC50 of 30 μg/ml). Saussurea costus and Commiphora wightii, showed pronounced potency against T. cruzi with an IC50 of 3.6 and 2.5 μg/ml, respectively. Jatropha pelargonifolia and Solanum villosum exhibited pronounced activity toward L. infantum with an IC50 of 3.2 and 2.0 μg/ml, respectively. M. parviflora, S. costus, C. wightii, J. pelargonifolia and S. villosum showed relevant selectivity.
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Kimani NM, Matasyoh JC, Kaiser M, Brun R, Schmidt TJ. Antiprotozoal Sesquiterpene Lactones and Other Constituents from Tarchonanthus camphoratus and Schkuhria pinnata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:124-130. [PMID: 29244495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In continuation of a search for new antiprotozoal agents from plants of the family Asteraceae, Tarchonanthus camphoratus and Schkuhria pinnata have been investigated. By following the promising in vitro activity of the dichloromethane extracts from their aerial parts, bioassay-guided chromatographic isolation yielded two known sesquiterpene lactones (1 and 2) from T. camphoratus and 20 known compounds of this type from S. pinnata. From the latter, a new eudesmanolide, (1R*,5S*,6R*,7R*,8R*,10R*)-1-hydroxy-8-[5″-hydroxy-4'-(2″-hydroxyisovaleroyloxy)tigloyloxy]-3-oxoeudesma-11(13)-en-6,12-olide (3), and two new germacranolides, 3β-(2″-hydroxyisovaleroyloxy)-8β-(3-furoyloxy)costunolide (14) and 1(10)-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-8β-[5'-hydroxy-4'-(2″-hydroxyisovaleroyloxy)tigloyloxy]costunolide (16), were obtained. Additionally, the flavonoid pectolinarigenin (24) and 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzenepropanol (25) were also isolated from S. pinnata. The compounds were characterized by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HR/MS data. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxicity against mammalian cells (L6 cell line) were evaluated for all the compounds. Santhemoidin A (13) and 3β-(2″-hydroxyisovaleroyloxy)-8β-(3-furoyloxy)costunolide (14) were the most active compounds found in this study, with IC50 values of 0.10 and 0.13 μM against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypomastigotes and selectivity indices of 20.5 and 29.7, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njogu M Kimani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Muenster , PharmaCampus Corrensstrasse 48, Muenster D-48149, Germany
| | - Josphat C Matasyoh
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University , P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) , Socinstrasse 57, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Petersplatz 1, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) , Socinstrasse 57, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Petersplatz 1, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Muenster , PharmaCampus Corrensstrasse 48, Muenster D-48149, Germany
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24
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Skaf J, Hamarsheh O, Berninger M, Balasubramanian S, Oelschlaeger TA, Holzgrabe U. Improving anti-trypanosomal activity of alkamides isolated from Achillea fragrantissima. Fitoterapia 2017; 125:191-198. [PMID: 29108932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies the aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima were found to have substantial antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity. A bioassay-guided fractionation of a dichloromethane extract yielded the isolation of the essential anti-trypanosomal compounds of the plant. Seven sesquiterpene lactones (including Achillolide-A), two flavonoids, chrysosplenol-D and chrysosplenetine, and four alkamides (including pellitorine) were identified. This is the first report for the isolation of the sesquiterpene lactones 3 and 4, chrysosplenetine and the group of alkamides from this plant. Bioevaluation against Trypanosoma brucei brucei TC221 (T.b brucei) using the Alamar-Blue assay revealed the novel alkamide 13 to have an IC50 value of 40.37μM. A compound library, derived from the alkamide pellitorine (10), was synthesized and bioevaluated in order to find even more active substances. The most active compounds 26 and 27 showed activities in submicromolar concentrations and selectivity indices of 20.1 and 45.6, respectively, towards macrophage cell line J774.1. Toxicity of 26 and 27 was assessed using the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae as an in vivo model. No significant toxicity was observed for the concentration range of 1.25-20mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Skaf
- University of Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Omar Hamarsheh
- Al-Quds University, Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 51000, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Michael Berninger
- University of Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Srikkanth Balasubramanian
- University of Würzburg, Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias A Oelschlaeger
- University of Würzburg, Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Zhao T, Li SJ, Zhang ZX, Zhang ML, Shi QW, Gu YC, Dong M, Kiyota H. Chemical constituents from the genus Saussurea and their biological activities. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe genus
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26
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Shoaib M, Shah I, Ali N, Adhikari A, Tahir MN, Shah SWA, Ishtiaq S, Khan J, Khan S, Umer MN. Sesquiterpene lactone! a promising antioxidant, anticancer and moderate antinociceptive agent from Artemisia macrocephala jacquem. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:27. [PMID: 28061778 PMCID: PMC5219761 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) make a diverse and huge group of bio-active constituents that have been isolated from several plant families. However, the greatest numbers are present in Asteraceae family having more than 3000 different reported structures. Recently several researchers have reported that STLs have significant antioxidant and anticancer potentials. Methods To investigate the antioxidant, anticancer and antinociceptive potentials of STLs, gravity column chromatography technique was used for isolation from the biologically rich chloroform fraction of Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem. The antioxidant activity of the isolated STLs was determined by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, anticancer activity was determined on 3 T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay while the antinociceptive activity was determined through acetic acid induced writhings, tail immersion method and formalin induced nociception method. Results The results showed that the STLs of Artemisia macrocephala possesses promising antioxidant activity and also it decreased the viability of 3 T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cells and mild to moderate antinociceptive activity. Conclusion Sesquiterpenes lactones (STLs) are widely present in numerous genera of the family Asteraceae (compositae). They are described as the active constituents used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study reveals the significant potentials of STL and may be used as an alternative for the management of cancer. Anyhow, the isolated compound is having no prominent antinociceptive potentials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1517-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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The Role of Natural Products in Drug Discovery and Development against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010058. [PMID: 28042865 PMCID: PMC6155950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic in 149 tropical and subtropical countries, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than 1 billion people annually, including 875 million children in developing economies. These diseases are also responsible for over 500,000 deaths per year and are characterized by long-term disability and severe pain. The impact of the combined NTDs closely rivals that of malaria and tuberculosis. Current treatment options are associated with various limitations including widespread drug resistance, severe adverse effects, lengthy treatment duration, unfavorable toxicity profiles, and complicated drug administration procedures. Natural products have been a valuable source of drug regimens that form the cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical care. In this review, we highlight the potential that remains untapped in natural products as drug leads for NTDs. We cover natural products from plant, marine, and microbial sources including natural-product-inspired semi-synthetic derivatives which have been evaluated against the various causative agents of NTDs. Our coverage is limited to four major NTDs which include human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis.
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Muschietti LV, Ulloa JL. Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones as Potential Trypanocidal Therapeutic Agents: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas’ disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis are parasitic diseases that remain major health problems, mainly among the poorest and the most marginalized communities from Latin America and Africa. The scarcity of effective chemotherapy, due to the low investment in the research and development (R&D) of new drugs, together with a high incidence of side effects, and the emergence of drug resistance phenomena emphasize the urgent need for new prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Over the ages, humans have employed natural products to treat a wide spectrum of diseases. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has focused on plant research and a large body of evidence has been collected to demonstrate the immense potential of medicinal plants as a source of bioactive compounds and lead molecules. In the field of parasitic diseases, drug development from plants has been successful for the sesquiterpene lactone (STL) artemisinin, which is employed as an antimalarial agent. STLs are a large group of naturally occurring terpenoids derived from plants that mostly belong to the Asteraceae family which exhibit a variety of skeletal arrangements and are the largest and most diverse category of natural products with an α-methylene-λ-lactone motif. STLs display a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antitumor, cytotoxic, antibacterial, anthelmintic, uterus contracting, antimalarial, neurotoxic, antiprotozoal and allergic (contact dermatitis) activities. In this context, the purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the trypanocidal activity reported for STLs against Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei rhodesiense over the period 1993–2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana V. Muschietti
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET). Junín 956 (1113), CABA, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo L. Ulloa
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET). Junín 956 (1113), CABA, Argentina
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Mousa WK, Schwan AL, Raizada MN. Characterization of Antifungal Natural Products Isolated from Endophytic Fungi of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana). Molecules 2016; 21:E1171. [PMID: 27598120 PMCID: PMC6273740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Finger millet is an ancient African-Indian crop that is resistant to many pathogens including the fungus, Fusarium graminearum. We previously reported the first isolation of putative fungal endophytes from finger millet and showed that the crude extracts of four strains had anti-Fusarium activity. However, active compounds were isolated from only one strain. The objectives of this study were to confirm the endophytic lifestyle of the three remaining anti-Fusarium isolates, to identify the major underlying antifungal compounds, and to initially characterize the mode(s) of action of each compound. Results of confocal microscopy and a plant disease assay were consistent with the three fungal strains behaving as endophytes. Using bio-assay guided fractionation and spectroscopic structural elucidation, three anti-Fusarium secondary metabolites were purified and characterized. These molecules were not previously reported to derive from fungi nor have antifungal activity. The purified antifungal compounds were: 5-hydroxy 2(3H)-benzofuranone, dehydrocostus lactone (guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone), and harpagoside (an iridoide glycoside). Light microscopy and vitality staining were used to visualize the in vitro interactions between each compound and Fusarium; the results suggested a mixed fungicidal/fungistatic mode of action. We conclude that finger millet possesses fungal endophytes that can synthesize anti-fungal compounds not previously reported as bio-fungicides against F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Kamel Mousa
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Adrian L Schwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Manish N Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Dekić MS, Radulović NS, Ranđelović VN, Stojanović-Radić ZZ, Veljković BP. Essential oils and diethyl ether extracts of Serbian Xeranthemum cylindraceum and X. annum: chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and chemotaxonomic implications. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:1378-97. [PMID: 26363882 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detailed GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oils and Et2 O extracts of two Xeranthemum species - X. cylindraceum and X. annum - resulted in the identification of 254 components, in total. Terpenoids constituted the major part of both X. cylindraceum and X. annum essential oils and extracts (51.8-65.7%, and 50.7%, resp.). Among the sesquiterpenoids, the extracts of both investigated taxa contained the guaianolide xerantholide, its 11,13-dihydro derivatives, and two additional sesquiterpene lactones: an eudesmanolide, 11,13-dihydroisoalantolactone, and a pseudoguaianolide, confertin. The last two lactones and both isomers of 11,13-dihydroxerantholide have not been previously detected in Xeranthemum species. The isolated extracts of X. cylindraceum and X. annum were tested in a broth microdilution assay against a panel of microorganisms. The tested extracts demonstrated significant antimicrobial inhibitory activity, ranging from 30 to 260 μg/ml, being most active against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen, with MIC close in value to those of chloramphenicol. Chemotaxonomic significance of the sesquiterpene lactones' distribution in the taxa investigated in this study and those detected earlier in phylogenetically close species (up to the level of the tribe Cardueae) was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S Dekić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, RS-18000 Niš (phone:+38118223430; fax: +38118533014).,Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, RS-36300 Novi Pazar
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, RS-18000 Niš (phone:+38118223430; fax: +38118533014).
| | - Vladimir N Ranđelović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, RS-18000 Niš
| | - Zorica Z Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, RS-18000 Niš
| | - Bojana P Veljković
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, RS-36300, Novi Pazar
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Molecular mechanisms of endocrine and metabolic disruption: An in silico study on antitrypanosomal natural products and some derivatives. Toxicol Lett 2016; 252:29-41. [PMID: 27091077 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The VirtualToxLab is an in silico technology for estimating the toxic potential - endocrine and metabolic disruption, as well as aspects of carcinogenicity and cardiotoxicity - of drugs, chemicals and natural products. The technology is based on an automated protocol that simulates and quantifies the binding of small molecules towards a series of currently 16 proteins, known or suspected to trigger adverse effects. The simulations are conducted at the atomic level and explicitly allow for a mechanistic interpretation of the results (in real-time 3D/4D), thereby complying with the Setubal principles put forward in 2002 for computational approaches to toxicology. Moreover, the underlying "ab-initio" protocol is independent from any training data and makes the approach universal with respect to the applicability domain. The VirtualToxLab runs in client-server mode and is freely available to academic and non-profit organizations. As the underlying technology yields a thermodynamic estimate of the binding affinity, the associated ligand-protein complexes have been challenged by molecular-dynamics simulations to probe their kinetic stability. Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei. The control of this parasitic infection relies on a few chemotherapeutic agents, most of which were discovered decades ago and pose many challenges including adverse side effects, poor efficacy, and the occurrence of drug resistances. Natural products, on the other hand, offer a high potential for the discovery of new drug leads due to their chemical diversity. In this in silico study, we analyze a series of 89 natural products and derivatives displaying anti-trypanosomal activity for their potential to trigger adverse effects. Our results indicate a moderate potential for a number of those compounds to bind to nuclear receptors and thereby ease the development of endocrine disregulation. A few others would seem to inhibit enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family and, hence, sustain drug-drug interactions.
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Nwodo N, Okoye F, Lai D, Debbab A, Kaiser M, Brun R, Proksch P. Evaluation of the in vitro trypanocidal activity of methylated flavonoid constituents of Vitex simplicifolia leaves. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:82. [PMID: 25886869 PMCID: PMC4384300 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with complex clinical manifestations, tedious diagnosis, and difficult treatments. The drugs available for the treatment of this endemic disease are old, expensive, and associated with other problems including safety and drug resistant parasites. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new, effective, cheap, and safe drugs for its treatment. Plants are potentially rich sources of leads for new drugs against trypanosomiasis. Vitex simplicifolia (Verbenaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of tooth ache, edema, skin diseases, gout and trypanosomiasis in Nigeria. In a preliminary study, the methanol extract of Vitex simplicifolia was shown to exhibit a pronounced trypanocidal activity against T. b. rhodesiense. The present study was undertaken to investigate the active component responsible for the acclaimed activity of the leaves of Vitex simplicifolia in the traditional treatment of trypanosomiasis in Nigeria and other African countries. Our investigations aim at assessing the plant as a new source of potential trypanocidal compounds. Methods The crude extracts were prepared from the dried leaves using methanol, successive extraction with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and butanol was also done. The ethylacetate fraction was further fractionated and compounds isolated using preparative chromatographic technique and their structures were elucidated by NMR, mass spectrometry and comparison with literature data. Trypanocidal activities and cytotoxicity, using rat skeletal myoblast (L6) cells were investigated and their selectivity indices were determined. Results The chromatographic separations of the methanol extracts gave rise to seven compounds. The isolated compounds 2, 3, 6 and 7 exhibited promising trypanocidal activity with IC50 values ranging from 4.7-12.3 μg/ml and cytotoxicity in the range of 1.58- 46.20 μg/ml. Compound 6, however, showed the most selective trypanocidal activity with a selectivity index of 9.8. This is the first report of trypanocidal activity of flavonoids from this plant genus. Conclusions The isolated compounds from Vitex simplicifolia exhibited noteworthy trypanocidal activities and hence may provide a source of new antitrypanosomal agents. These results also support the traditional use of Vitex simplicifolia in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. This is the first report of trypanocidal effect of flavonoids from this plant genus.
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From Bench to Bedside: Natural Products and Analogs for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63460-3.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Merritt C, Silva L, Tanner AL, Stuart K, Pollastri MP. Kinases as druggable targets in trypanosomatid protozoan parasites. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11280-304. [PMID: 26443079 PMCID: PMC4254031 DOI: 10.1021/cr500197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Merritt
- Seattle
Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, Washington 98109-5219, United States
| | - Lisseth
E. Silva
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 417 Egan
Research Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Angela L. Tanner
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 417 Egan
Research Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kenneth Stuart
- Seattle
Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, Washington 98109-5219, United States
| | - Michael P. Pollastri
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 417 Egan
Research Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Zahara K, Tabassum S, Sabir S, Arshad M, Qureshi R, Amjad MS, Chaudhari SK. A review of therapeutic potential of Saussurea lappa-An endangered plant from Himalaya. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S60-9. [PMID: 25312191 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 300 known Saussurea species. Among them, Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) is a representative perennial herb, globally distributed across Himalaya region. S. lappa has been traditionally used in medicines without obvious adverse effects. Despite significant progress in phytochemical and biological analyses of S. lappa over the past few years, inclusive and critical reviews of this plant are anachronistic or quite limited in scope. The present review aims to summarize up-to-date information on the active constituents, pharmacology, traditional uses, trade and challenges in conservation and sustainable use of S. lappa from the literature. In addition to botanical studies and records of the traditional use of S. lappa in over 43 diseases, scientific studies investigating the latent medicinal uses of this species and its constituent phytochemicals for a range of disorders are presented and discussed. The structure, bioactivity, and likely mechanisms of action of S. lappa and its phytochemicals are highlighted. Although some progress has been made, further scrupulous efforts are required to investigate the individual compounds isolated from S. lappa to validate and understand its traditional uses and develop clinical applications. The present review offers preliminary information and gives direction for further basic and clinical research into this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom Zahara
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Tabassum
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Sabir
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Saha D, Sharma A. Docking-based screening of natural product database in quest for dual site inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase (TcTR). Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Structure-activity relationship study of sesquiterpene lactones and their semi-synthetic amino derivatives as potential antitrypanosomal products. Molecules 2014; 19:3523-38. [PMID: 24662071 PMCID: PMC6271975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are natural products that have potent antitrypanosomal activity in vitro and, in the case of cynaropicrin, also reduce parasitemia in the murine model of trypanosomiasis. To explore their structure-antitrypanosomal activity relationships, a set of 34 natural and semi-synthetic STLs and amino-STLs was tested in vitro against T. b. rhodesiense (which causes East African sleeping sickness) and mammalian cancer cells (rat bone myoblast L6 cells). It was found that the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety is necessary for both antitrypanosomal effects and cytotoxicity. Antitrypanosomal selectivity is facilitated by 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate or 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutylate side chains, and by the presence of cyclopentenone rings. Semi-synthetic STL amines with morpholino and dimethylamino groups showed improved in vitro activity over the native STLs. The dimethylamino derivative of cynaropicrin was prepared and tested orally in the T. b. rhodesiense acute mouse model, where it showed reduced toxicity over cynaropicrin, but also lost antitrypanosomal activity.
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Amorim MHR, Gil da Costa RM, Lopes C, Bastos MMSM. Sesquiterpene lactones: adverse health effects and toxicity mechanisms. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 43:559-79. [PMID: 23875764 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.813905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) present a wide range of biological activities, mostly based on their alkylating capabilities, which underlie their therapeutic potential. These compounds are the active constituents of a variety of plants, frequently used as herbal remedies. STLs such as artemisinin and its derivatives are in use as first-line antimalarials while others, such as parthenolide, have recently reached cancer clinical trials. However, the toxicological profile of these compounds must be thoroughly characterized, since the same properties that make STL useful medicines can also cause severe toxicity. STL-containing plants have long been known to induce a contact dermatitis in exposed farm workers, and also to cause several toxic syndromes in farm animals. More recently, concerns are been raised regarding the genotoxic potential of these compounds and the embryotoxicity of artemisinins. A growing number of STLs are being reported to be mutagenic in different in vitro and in vivo assays. As yet no systematic studies have been published, but the genotoxicity of STLs seems to depend not so much on direct DNA alkylation as on oxidative DNA damage and other partially elucidated mechanisms. As the medicinal use of these compounds increases, further studies of their toxic potential are needed, especially those focusing on the structural determinants of genotoxicity and embryotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helena R Amorim
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
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Zahari Z, Jani NA, Amanah A, Latif MNA, Majid MIA, Adenan MI. Bioassay-guided isolation of a sesquiterpene lactone of deoxyelephantopin from Elephantopus scaber Linn. active on Trypanosome brucei rhodesience. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:282-285. [PMID: 24269185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic extracts of 70 Malaysia plants were screened for their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity using Trypanosome brucei rhodesience, strain STIB 900 and mouse skeletal cell (L-6) in cytotoxicity activity assay. Results indicated that methanol extract from Elephantopus scaber Linn. (E. scaber) possessed the highest value of antitrypanosomal activity with good selectivity index (antitrypanosomal IC50 of 0.22±0.02 μg/ml, SI value of 204.55). Based on these results, E. scaber was chosen for further study by applying bioassay guided fractionation to isolate its antiprotozoal principle. The antiprotozoal principle was isolated from the ethyl acetate partition through solvent fractionation and crystallization process. The isolated active compound 1 was identified as deoxyelephantopin on the basis of its spectral analysis (FTIR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuriati Zahari
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia
| | - Nor Akmalazura Jani
- Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Beting, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Azimah Amanah
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Naffidi Abdul Latif
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Ilham Adenan
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia; Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia.
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In Silico prediction and experimental evaluation of furanoheliangolide sesquiterpene lactones as potent agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:325-32. [PMID: 24165182 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01263-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a continuation of our earlier study on the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of 40 natural sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), we extended the set of tested compounds from our laboratories to 59. On the basis of this extended data set, further enriched by literature data for 10 compounds tested under the same conditions, our quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses for activity against T. brucei rhodesiense (etiologic agent of human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness) were continued, and the QSAR model thus obtained with 69 structures was used to predict the activity of a virtual library of 1,750 STL structures. As a major result from these calculations, furanoheliangolide-type compounds, a subclass of STLs hitherto untested against T. brucei rhodesiense, were predicted to have an exceptionally high level of in vitro activity. Four representative compounds of this type, goyazensolide, 4,5-dihydro-2',3'-epoxy-15-deoxygoyazensolide, budlein A, and 4,15-isoatriplicolide tiglate, were therefore tested. They displayed 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.07, 0.20, 0.07, and 0.015 μM, respectively, so that the in silico prediction was experimentally confirmed. 4,15-Isoatriplicolide tiglate is the most potent STL against T. b. rhodesiense found. Furanoheliangolide STLs were thus identified as interesting leads against this parasite which deserve more detailed investigations.
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Activities of psilostachyin A and cynaropicrin against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5307-14. [PMID: 23939901 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00595-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo activities against Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated for two sesquiterpene lactones: psilostachyin A and cynaropicrin. Cynaropicrin had previously been shown to potently inhibit African trypanosomes in vivo, and psilostachyin A had been reported to show in vivo effects against T. cruzi, albeit in another test design. In vitro data showed that cynaropicrin was more effective than psilostachyin A. Ultrastructural alterations induced by cynaropicrin included shedding events, detachment of large portions of the plasma membrane, and vesicular bodies and large vacuoles containing membranous structures, suggestive of parasite autophagy. Acute toxicity studies showed that one of two mice died at a cynaropicrin dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight given intraperitoneally (i.p.). Although no major plasma biochemical alterations could be detected, histopathology demonstrated that the liver was the most affected organ in cynaropicrin-treated animals. Although cynaropicrin was as effective as benznidazole against trypomastigotes in vitro, the treatment (once or twice a day) of T. cruzi-infected mice (up to 50 mg/kg/day cynaropicrin) did not suppress parasitemia or protect against mortality induced by the Y and Colombiana strains. Psilostachyin A (0.5 to 50 mg/kg/day given once a day) was not effective in the acute model of T. cruzi infection (Y strain), reaching 100% animal mortality. Our data demonstrate that although it is very promising against African trypanosomes, cynaropicrin does not show efficacy compared to benznidazole in acute mouse models of T. cruzi infection.
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The effect of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial herbal remedy PADMA 28 on immunological angiogenesis and granulocytes activity in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:853475. [PMID: 23864768 PMCID: PMC3707257 DOI: 10.1155/2013/853475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PADMA 28 is a herbal multicompound remedy that originates from traditional Tibetan medicine and possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, angioprotecting, and wound healing properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of this remedy on immunological angiogenesis and granulocytes metabolic activity in Balb/c mice. Mice were fed daily, for seven days, with 5.8 mg of PADMA (calculated from recommended human daily dose) or 0.085 mg (dose in the range of active doses of other herbal extracts studied by us previously). Results. Highly significant increase of newly formed blood vessels number in ex vivo cutaneous lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis test (LIA) after grafting of Balb/c splenocytes from both dosage groups to F1 hybrids (Balb/c × C3H); increase of blood lymphocytes and granulocytes number only in mice fed with lower dose of remedy; and significant suppression of metabolic activity (chemiluminescence test) of blood granulocytes in mice fed with higher dose of PADMA.
Conclusion. PADMA 28 behaves as a good stimulator of physiological angiogenesis, but for this purpose it should be used in substantially lower doses than recommended by producers for avoiding the deterioration of granulocyte function.
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Potterat O, Hamburger M. Concepts and technologies for tracking bioactive compounds in natural product extracts: generation of libraries, and hyphenation of analytical processes with bioassays. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:546-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Cogo J, Caleare ADO, Ueda-Nakamura T, Filho BPD, Ferreira ICP, Nakamura CV. Trypanocidal activity of guaianolide obtained from Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. and its combinational effect with benznidazole. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 20:59-66. [PMID: 23069248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of a guaianolide (11,13-dehydrocompressanolide) isolated from Tanacetum parthenium against Trypanosoma cruzi and investigated the possible combinational effect of guaianolide and benznidazole. The isolated compound was shown to be effective against T. cruzi, with IC₅₀ values of 18.1±0.8 and 66.6±1.3 μM against the multiplicative epimastigote and amastigote forms, respectively. The best results were obtained against trypomastigotes, with an EC₅₀ of 5.7±0.7 μM. The guaianolide presented no toxicity in LLCMK₂ cells (CC₅₀ of 93.5 μM) and was 16.4-fold more selective for trypomastigotes. The study of the combinational effect of benznidazole and guaianolide revealed the presence of a synergistic effect against the epimastigote form and marginal additive effect against the trypomastigote form. Striking morphological changes were observed in epimastigotes treated with guaianolide, such as thinning and stretching of the cell body and flagellum and changes in the format of the cell body with apparent leakage of the cytoplasmic content in trypomastigote forms. The ultrastructural analysis of epimastigotes revealed the presence of membranes that involved organelles and formation of myelin-like figures. Flow cytometry revealed a cell volume reduction and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. However, no major changes in cell membrane integrity were found in the epimastigote form treated with guaianolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cogo
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Adams M, Schneider SV, Kluge M, Kessler M, Hamburger M. Epilepsy in the Renaissance: a survey of remedies from 16th and 17th century German herbals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:1-13. [PMID: 22710294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Before modern anticonvulsive drugs were developed people in central Europe used herbal remedies to treat epilepsy. Hundreds of different plants for this indication can be found in German herbals of the 16th and 17th centuries. Here we compile these plants and discuss their use from a pharmacological perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine of the most important European herbals of the 16th and 17th century including Bock (1577), Fuchs (1543), Mattioli (1590), Lonicerus (1660, 1770), Brunfels (1532), Zwinger (1696), and Tabernaemontanus (1591, 1678) were searched for terms related to epilepsy, and plants and recipes described for its treatment were documented. We then searched scientific literature for pharmacological evidence of their effectiveness. Additionally the overlapping of these remedies with those in De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides was studied. RESULTS Two hundred twenty one plants were identified in the herbals to be used in the context of epilepsy. In vitro and/or in vivo pharmacological data somehow related to the indication epilepsy was found for less than 5% of these plants. Less than 7% of epilepsy remedies are in common with De Materia Medica. CONCLUSIONS Numerous plants were used to treat epilepsy in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, few of these plants have been investigated with respect to pharmacological activity on epilepsy related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Alviano DS, Barreto ALS, Dias FDA, Rodrigues IDA, Rosa MDSDS, Alviano CS, Soares RMDA. Conventional therapy and promising plant-derived compounds against trypanosomatid parasites. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:283. [PMID: 22888328 PMCID: PMC3412339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are two neglected and potentially lethal diseases that affect mostly the poor and marginal populations of developing countries around the world and consequently have an important impact on public health. Clinical manifestations such as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral disorders are the most frequent forms of leishmaniasis, a group of diseases caused by several Leishmania spp. American trypanosomiasis, or Chagas disease, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite that causes progressive damage to different organs, particularly the heart, esophagus, and lower intestine. African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and is characterized by first presenting as an acute form that affects blood clotting and then becoming a chronic meningoencephalitis. The limited number, low efficacy, and side effects of conventional anti-leishmania and anti-trypanosomal drugs and the resistance developed by parasites are the major factors responsible for the growth in mortality rates. Recent research focused on plants has shown an ingenious way to obtain a solid and potentially rich source of drug candidates against various infectious diseases. Bioactive phytocompounds present in the crude extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants are components of an important strategy linked to the discovery of new medicines. These compounds have proven to be a good source of therapeutic agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. This work highlights some chemotherapeutic agents while emphasizing the importance of plants as a source of new and powerful drugs against these widespread diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sales Alviano
- Laboratório de Estruturas de Superfície de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Léa Silva Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia de Protistas, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Almeida Dias
- Laboratório de Estruturas de Superfície de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor de Almeida Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental para Leishmaniose, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Química Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro dos Santos Rosa
- Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental para Leishmaniose, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celuta Sales Alviano
- Laboratório de Estruturas de Superfície de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Maria de Araújo Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia de Protistas, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Moradi-Afrapoli F, Yassa N, Zimmermann S, Saeidnia S, Hadjiakhoondi A, Ebrahimi SN, Hamburger M. Cinnamoylphenethyl Amides from Polygonum hyrcanicum Possess Anti-Trypanosomal Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A methanolic extract from aerial parts of Polygonum hyrcanicum (Polygonaceae) showed high activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC50=3.7 μg/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in isolation of cinnamoylphenethyl amides, including N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (1), N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine (7), and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (8) as the main active constituents (IC50s ranging from 2.2 to 13.3 μM). Some structurally related, but less active compounds, such as cannabisin B (2), tyrosol (3), p-coumaric acid (4), ferulic acid (5), and N-cis-feruloyltyramine (6) were also identified, along with N-trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyldopamine (9). Cytotoxicity of the active compounds in L6 cells was determined, and selectivity indices (SI) of 7.9 to 33.4 were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Moradi-Afrapoli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nargues Yassa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefanie Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Hadjiakhoondi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad N. Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Zimmermann S, Thomi S, Kaiser M, Hamburger M, Adams M. Screening and HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for New Antiprotozoal Leads from European Plants. Sci Pharm 2011; 80:205-13. [PMID: 22396915 PMCID: PMC3293357 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1111-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a survey of remedies used in Renaissance Europe to treat malaria, we prepared and screened a library of 254 extracts from 61 plants for antiplasmodial activity in vitro. HPLC-based activity profiling was performed for targeted identification of active constituents in extracts. One of the most remarkable results was the identification of onopordopicrin, a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Arctium nemorosum as a potent inhibitor of P. falciparum with an IC50 of 6.9 μM. It was tested similarly against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the parasite which causes African sleeping sickness. With an IC50 of 0.37 μM, onopordopicrin was one of the most potent natural products reported so far. Cytotoxicity was determined against rat myoblast L6 cells (IC50: 3.06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zimmermann
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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