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Cao R, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhang K, Liu W, Feng F, Qu W. Advanced researches of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of medical Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117848. [PMID: 38336181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medical Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis consists of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, Uncaria macrophylla Wall, Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil, Uncaria hirsuta Havil, and Uncaria sessilifructus Roxb, which belongs to the species widely used in the genus Uncaria. These species resource widely distributed in China and abroad, and the hook-bearing stem is the primary constituent enrichment site. There are many different forms and architectures of chemicals, depending on the extraction site. Traditional remedies employing URCU had been used widely in antiquity and were first compiled in renowned ancient masterpiece 'Mingyi Bielu ()' written by Hongjing Tao. In modern pharmacological studies, both the total extracts and the phytoconstituents isolated from URCU have been shown to have neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and autophagy-enhancer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This review concentrates on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and nanomaterials studies of URCU, with a perspective to assist with further research and advance. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Chinese and English literature studies of this review are based on these database searches including Science Direct, CNKI, Wiley online library, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Medalink, Google scholar, Elsevier, ACS Publications, iPlant, Missouri Botanical Garden, Plant of the World Online. The pertinent data on URCU was gathered. RESULTS Based on the examination of the genus Uncaria, 107 newly marked chemical compositions have been identified from URCU from 2015 to present, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, and others. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that URCU has a variety of benefits in diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and migraine, due to its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. According to metabolic and toxicological studies, the dosage, frequency, and interactions of the drugs that occur in vivo are of great significance for determining whether the organic bodies can perform efficacy or produce toxicity. The research on URCU-mediated nanomaterials is expanding and increasing in order to address the inadequacies of conventional Chinese medicine. The alkaloids in URCU have the capability to self-assemble with other classes of components in addition to being biologically active. CONCLUSION URCU plants are widely distributed, abundant in chemical constituents, and widely used in both traditional and modern medicine for a variety of pharmacological effects. The utilization of herbal medicines can be raised by assessing the pharmacological distinctions among several species within the same genus and may accelerate the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Controlling the concentration of drug administration, monitoring metabolic markers, and inventing novel nanotechnologies are effective strategies for synergistic influence and detoxification to alleviate the main obstacles that toxicity, low bioavailability, and poor permeability. This review can assist further research and advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolian Cao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Deng L, Wu L, Gao R, Xu X, Chen C, Liu J. Non-Opioid Anesthetics Addiction: A Review of Current Situation and Mechanism. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1259. [PMID: 37759860 PMCID: PMC10526861 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is one of the major worldwide health problems, which will have serious adverse consequences on human health and significantly burden the social economy and public health. Drug abuse is more common in anesthesiologists than in the general population because of their easier access to controlled substances. Although opioids have been generally considered the most commonly abused drugs among anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists, the abuse of non-opioid anesthetics has been increasingly severe in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical situation and potential molecular mechanisms of non-opioid anesthetics addiction. This review incorporates the clinical and biomolecular evidence supporting the abuse potential of non-opioid anesthetics and the foreseeable mechanism causing the non-opioid anesthetics addiction phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of its pathogenesis and helping to find effective preventive and curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Geetha RG, Ramachandran S. Recent Advances in the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Plant-Derived Alkaloid Rhynchophylline in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081170. [PMID: 34452133 PMCID: PMC8400357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is a plant-derived indole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria species. Both the plant and the alkaloid possess numerous protective properties such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-hypertensive, anti-rhythmic, and sedative effects. Several studies support the significance of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant as an underlying mechanism for most of the pharmacological activities of the alkaloid. Rhy is effective in protecting both the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Cerebro-cardiovascular disease primarily occurs due to changes in lifestyle habits. Many previous studies have highlighted the significance of Rhy in modulating calcium channels and potassium channels, thereby protecting the brain from neurodegenerative diseases and related effects. Rhy also has anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Although Rhy has displayed its role in protecting the cardiovascular system, very little is explored about its intervention in early atherosclerosis. Extensive studies are required to understand the cardioprotective effects of Rhye. This review summarized and discussed the various pharmacological effects of Rhy in neuro- and cardioprotection and in particular the relevance of Rhy in preventing early atherosclerosis using Rhy-loaded nanoparticles.
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Cellular Effects of Rhynchophylline and Relevance to Sleep Regulation. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:312-341. [PMID: 34207633 PMCID: PMC8293156 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is a plant highly used in the traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines. It has numerous health benefits, which are often attributed to its alkaloid components. Recent studies in humans show that drugs containing Uncaria ameliorate sleep quality and increase sleep time, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is one of the principal alkaloids in Uncaria species. Although treatment with Rhy alone has not been tested in humans, observations in rodents show that Rhy increases sleep time. However, the mechanisms by which Rhy could modulate sleep have not been comprehensively described. In this review, we are highlighting cellular pathways that are shown to be targeted by Rhy and which are also known for their implications in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. We conclude that Rhy can impact sleep through mechanisms involving ion channels, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. In modulating multiple cellular responses, Rhy impacts neuronal communication in a way that could have substantial effects on sleep phenotypes. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of action of Rhy will have implications for sleep pharmacology.
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Yang W, Ip SP, Liu L, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Uncaria rhynchophylla and its Major Constituents on Central Nervous System: A Review on Their Pharmacological Actions. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:346-357. [PMID: 31272356 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190704092841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks (Rubinaceae), a common herbal medicine known as Gou-teng in Chinese, is commonly used in Chinese medicine practice for the treatment of convulsions, hypertension, epilepsy, eclampsia and other cerebral diseases. The major active components of U. rhynchophylla are alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The protective effects of U. rhynchophylla and its major components on central nervous system (CNS) have become a focus of research in recent decades. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to systematically summarize the pharmacological activities of U. rhynchophylla and its major components on the CNS. METHODS This review summarized the experimental findings from our laboratories, together with other literature data obtained through a comprehensive search of databases including the Pubmed and the Web of Science. RESULTS U. rhynchophylla and its major components such as rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have been shown to have neuroprotective effects on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, cerebral ischaemia through a number of mechanisms including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory actions and regulation on neurotransmitters. CONCLUSION U. rhynchophylla and its major components have multiple beneficial pharmacological effects on CNS. Further studies on U. rhynchophylla and its major components are warranted to fully illustrate the underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological profiles of these naturally occurring compounds and their potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Kang F, Ip FCF, Ip NY, Tong R. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Rhynchophylline and Isorhynchophylline. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11359-11365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study of Ketamine and Rhynchophylline in Rat Plasma by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6562309. [PMID: 29951541 PMCID: PMC5989277 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6562309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: ketamine group, rhynchophylline group, and ketamine combined with rhynchophylline group (n = 6). The rats of two groups received a single intraperitoneal administration of 30 mg/kg ketamine and 30 mg/kg rhynchophylline, respectively, and the third group received combined intraperitoneal administration of 30 mg/kg ketamine and 30 mg/kg rhynchophylline together. After blood sampling at different time points and processing, the concentrations of ketamine and rhynchophylline in rat plasma were determined by the established ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with carbamazepine as an internal standard (IS). The initial mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes of m/z 238.1 → 179.1 for ketamine, m/z 385.3 → 159.8 for rhynchophylline, and m/z 237.3 → 194.3 for carbamazepine (IS) were utilized to conduct quantitative analysis. Calibration curve of ketamine and rhynchophylline in rat plasma demonstrated good linearity in the range of 1-1000 ng/mL (r > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL. Moreover, the intra- and interday precision relative standard deviation (RSD) of ketamine and rhynchophylline were less than 11% and 14%, respectively. This sensitive, rapid, and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic interaction study of ketamine and rhynchophylline after intraperitoneal administration. The results showed that there may be a reciprocal inhibition between ketamine and rhynchophylline.
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Simultaneous determination of eight bioactive compounds by LC-MS/MS and its application to the pharmacokinetics, liver first-pass effect, liver and brain distribution of orally administrated Gouteng-Baitouweng (GB) in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:122-131. [PMID: 29597038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Only focusing on the circulating levels is insufficient for the comprehensive understanding of the physiological disposition of herbal medicine in vivo. Therefore, we conducted the comprehensive investigation on the in vivo dynamic process of orally administrated Gouteng-Baitouweng (GB), a classical herb pair with anti-Parkinson potentials. Serving as the technical base, a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated in the plasma, liver and brain, for simultaneous determination of five alkaloids (rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, isocorynoxeine and geissoschizine methyl ether) and three saponins (anemoside B4, anemoside A3 and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid). Following liquid-liquid extraction, favorable chromatographic behaviors of eight analytes were obtained on Waters Xbrigde C18 column within 13 min. This method elicited good linearity for the analytes at the concentration range of 0.3-1000 or 1.8-6000 ng/mL with favorable precision, accuracy and stability. Following oral administration of GB (25 g/kg) in rats, this method was applied to the quantitative analysis in the portal vein plasma, liver, systemic plasma, and brain. Consequently, anemoside B4 was of the highest exposure, followed by 23-hydroxybetulinic acid, anemoside A3, rhynchophylline and isocorynoxeine in vivo. Notably, three saponins were all observed with certain exposure in the brain, along with rhynchophylline at low levels. Besides, five alkaloids and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid underwent serious liver first-pass effect. Hence, the pharmacokinetics, liver first-pass effect, liver and brain distribution of ingredients in GB were clarified, which laid a solid foundation for interpreting its efficacy and safety.
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Guo Y, Luo C, Tu G, Li C, Liu Y, Liu W, Lam Yung KK, Mo Z. Rhynchophylline Downregulates Phosphorylated cAMP Response Element Binding Protein, Nuclear Receptor-related-1, and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Hippocampus of Ketamine-induced Conditioned Place Preference Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:81-86. [PMID: 29576706 PMCID: PMC5858247 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_90_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Addiction to ketamine is becoming a serious public health issues, for which there exists no effective treatment. Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is an alkaloid extracted from certain Uncaria species that is well known for both its potent anti-addictive and neuroprotective properties. Increasing evidence supports the contributions of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), nuclear receptor-related-1 (Nurr1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in modulating neural and behavioral plasticity which was induced by addictive drugs. Objective: To investigate the effects of Rhy on the behavior and the levels of phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), Nurr1, and BDNF in the hippocampus of ketamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rats. Materials and Methods: CPP paradigm was used to establish the model of ketamine-dependent rats and to evaluate the effect of Rhy on ketamine dependence. The expressions of p-CREB, Nurr1, and BDNF were tested by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: We observed that Rhy can reverse the behavior preference induced by ketamine CPP training. At the same time, expression of p-CREB, Nurr1, and BDNF, which was significantly increased by ketamine, was restored in the Rhy -treated group. Conclusion: This study indicates that Rhy can reverse the reward effect induced by ketamine in rats and the mechanism can probably be related to regulate the hippocampal protein expression of p-CREB, Nurr1, and BDNF. SUMMARY P-CREB, Nurr1 and BDNF play an important role in the formation of ketamine-induced place preference in rats Rhynchophylline reversed the expression of p-CREB, Nurr1 and BDNF which was activated by ketamine in the hippocampus Rhynchophylline demonstrates the potential effect of mediates ketamine induced rewarding effect.
Abbreviations used: Rhy: Rhynchophylline; CREB: cAMP response element binding protein; Nurr1: Nuclear receptor-related-1; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CPP: Conditioned place preference; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid; METH: Methamphetamine; CNS: Central nervous system; PFA: Paraformaldehyde; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LTP: long-term potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genghong Tu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu C, Liu W, Luo C, Liu Y, Li C, Fang M, Lin Y, Ou J, Chen M, Zhu D, Yung KKL, Mo Z. Inhibiting effects of rhynchophylline on methamphetamine-dependent zebrafish are related with the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Fitoterapia 2017; 117:47-51. [PMID: 28063836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to study the effect of rhynchophylline on TH in midbrain of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) adult zebrafish, place preference adult zebrafish models were established by methamphetamine (40μg/g) and the expression of TH was observed by immunohistochemistry technique and Western blot. Ketamine (150μg/g), high dose of rhynchophylline (100μg/g) group can significantly reduce the place preference; immunohistochemistry results showed that the number of TH-positive neurons in midbrain was increased in the methamphetamine model group, whereas less TH-positive neurons were found in the ketamine group and high dosage rhynchophylline group. Western blot results showed that the expression of TH protein was significantly increased in the model group, whereas less expression was found in the ketamine group, high dosage rhynchophylline group. Our data pointed out that TH plays an important role in the formation of methamphetamine-induced place preference in adult zebrafish. Rhynchophylline reversed the expression of TH in the midbrain demonstrates the potential effect of mediates methamphetamine induced rewarding effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaohua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Miao Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingbo Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinying Ou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Daoqi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Shao H, Yang Y, Mi Z, Zhu GX, Qi AP, Ji WG, Zhu ZR. Anticonvulsant effect of Rhynchophylline involved in the inhibition of persistent sodium current and NMDA receptor current in the pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience 2016; 337:355-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhang K, Wang Q, Jing X, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Du J, Yu S, Zhao M. miR-181a is a negative regulator of GRIA2 in methamphetamine-use disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35691. [PMID: 27767084 PMCID: PMC5073328 DOI: 10.1038/srep35691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study reported that the miR-181a level in serum was significantly different between patients with methamphetamine-use disorder and healthy controls and that chronic methamphetamine use down-regulates the expression of miR-181a. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-181a might bind the 3′-UTRs of the mRNA transcripts of the human glutamate receptor genes GRIA2 and GABRA1. In this study, we measured the expression of GRIA2 and GABRA1 in patients with methamphetamine-use disorder. In addition, we examined whether miR-181a down-regulates GRIA2 and GABRA1 in a cell-based assay. We further examined the effects of chronic methamphetamine exposure on the expression of miR-181a, GRIA2 and GABRA1. The results demonstrated that serum GRIA2 is higher in patients with methamphetamine-use disorder than in healthy controls. Dual luciferase reporter assays and a cell-based model of methamphetamine exposure also showed that miR-181a directly regulates expression of GRIA2. This study supports the evidence that miR-181a and the glutamate AMPA receptor gene GRIA2 play a critical role in methamphetamine-use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.,Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, 156 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi 214151, China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xuxiu Jing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China.,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, PR China
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Jiang M, Chen Y, Li C, Peng Q, Fang M, Liu W, Kang Q, Lin Y, Yung KKL, Mo Z. Inhibiting effects of rhynchophylline on zebrafish methamphetamine dependence are associated with amelioration of neurotransmitters content and down-regulation of TH and NR2B expression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 68:31-43. [PMID: 27009763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Others and we have reported that rhynchophylline reverses amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) effect which may be partly mediated by amelioration of central neurotransmitters and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) levels in the rat brains. The current study investigated the inhibiting effects of rhynchophylline on methamphetamine-induced (METH-induced) CPP in adult zebrafish and METH-induced locomotor activity in tyrosine hydroxylase-green fluorescent protein (TH-GFP) transgenic zebrafish larvae and attempted to confirm the hypothesis that these effects were mediated via regulation of neurotransmitters and dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. After baseline preference test (on days 1-3), zebrafish were injected intraperitoneally METH (on days 4, 6 and 8) or the same volume of fish physiological saline (on days 5 and 7) and were immediately conditioned. Rhynchophylline was administered at 12h after injection of METH. On day 9, zebrafish were tested for METH-induced CPP. Results revealed that rhynchophylline (100mg/kg) significantly inhibited the acquisition of METH-induced CPP, reduced the content of dopamine and glutamate and down-regulated the expression of TH and NR2B in the CPP zebrafish brains. Furthermore, the influence of rhynchophylline on METH-induced locomotor activity was also observed in TH-GFP transgenic zebrafish larvae. Results showed that rhynchophylline (50mg/L) treatment led to a significant reduction on the locomotor activity and TH expression in TH-GFP transgenic zebrafish larvae. Taken together, these data indicate that the inhibition of the formation of METH dependence by rhynchophylline in zebrafish is associated with amelioration of the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate content and down-regulation of TH and NR2B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuxian Peng
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Miao Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qunzhao Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Seventh People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518081, China
| | - Yingbo Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Natural alkaloids: basic aspects, biological roles, and future perspectives. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:401-6. [PMID: 24969519 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have gained popularity worldwide for promoting healthcare, as well as disease prevention. Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs exhibit antiproliferation, antibacterial, antiviral, insecticidal, and antimetastatic effects on various types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. This paper focuses on the naturally-derived alkaloids such as berberine, matrine, piperine, fritillarine, and rhynchophylline, etc., and summarizes the action mechanisms of these compounds. Based on the information in the literature that is summarized in this paper, the use of alkaloids as drugs is very promising, but more research and clinical trials are necessary before final recommendations on specific alkaloids can be made. Following this, it is hoped that as a result of this review, there will be a greater awareness of the excellent promise that natural alkaloids show for use in the therapy of diseases.
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Li J, Liu W, Peng Q, Jiang M, Luo C, Guo Y, Liu Y, Fang M, Mo Z. Effect of rhynchophylline on conditioned place preference on expression of NR2B in methamphetamine-dependent mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:695-700. [PMID: 25193707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of rhynchophylline on N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subtype 2B subunit in hippocampus of Methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) mice. METHODS Place preference mice models were established by methamphetamine; the expression of NR2B was observed by immunohistochemistry technique and Western blot. RESULTS Methamphetamine (4mg/kg)-induced place preference mice model was successfully established; ketamine (15mg/kg), rhynchophylline (40mg/kg) and rhynchophylline (80mg/kg) can eliminate place preference; Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of NR2B-positive neurons in hippocampus was increased in the methamphetamine model group, whereas less NR2B-positive neurons were found in the ketamine group, low and high dosage rhynchophylline group. Western blot showed that the expression of NR2B protein was significantly increased in the model group, whereas less expression was found in the ketamine group, low and high dosage rhynchophylline group. CONCLUSIONS NR2B plays an important role in the formation of methamphetamine-induced place preference in mice. Rhynchophylline reversed the expression of NR2B in the hippocampus demonstrates the potential effect of mediates methamphetamine induced rewarding effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkui Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuxian Peng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Mingjin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaohua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Youli Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Miao Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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He Y, Zeng SY, Zhou SW, Qian GS, Peng K, Mo ZX, Zhou JY. Effects of rhynchophylline on GluN1 and GluN2B expressions in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:166-73. [PMID: 25110195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN2B in hippocampal neurons play key roles in anxiety. Our previous studies show that rhynchophylline, an active component of the Uncaria species, down-regulates GluN2B expression in the hippocampal CA1 area of amphetamine-induced rat. The effects of rhynchophylline on expressions of GluN1 and GluN2B in primary hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats in vitro were investigated. Neonatal hippocampal neurons were cultured with neurobasal-A medium. After incubation for 6h or 48 h with rhynchophylline (non-competitive NMDAR antagonist) and MK-801 (non-competitive NMDAR antagonist with anxiolytic effect, as the control drug) from day 6, neuron toxicity, mRNA and protein expressions of GluN1 and GluN2B were analyzed. GluN1 is mainly distributed on neuronal axons and dendritic trunks, cytoplasm and cell membrane near axons and dendrites. GluN2B is mainly distributed on the membrane, dendrites, and axon membranes. GluN1 and GluN2B are codistributed on dendritic trunks and dendritic spines. After 48 h incubation, a lower concentration of rhynchophylline (lower than 400 μmol/L) and MK-801 (lower than 200 μmol/L) have no toxicity on neonatal hippocampal neurons. Rhynchophylline up-regulated GluN1 mRNA expression at 6h and mRNA and protein expressions at 48h, but down-regulated GluN2B mRNA and protein expressions at 48 h. However, GluN1 and GluN2B mRNA expressions were down-regulated at 6h, and mRNA and protein expressions were both up-regulated by MK-801 at 48h. These findings show that rhynchophylline reciprocally regulates GluN1 and GluN2B expressions in hippocampal neurons, indicating a potential anxiolytic property for rhynchophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ya Zeng
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Gui-Sheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Kang Peng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xian Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ji-Yin Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
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Lee CJ, Hsueh TY, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Determination of protein-unbound rhynchiphylline brain distribution by microdialysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:901-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Thomas Y. Hsueh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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Liu W, Peng QX, Lin XL, Luo CH, Jiang MJ, Mo ZX, Yung KKL. Effect of rhynchophylline on the expression of p-CREB and sc-Fos in triatum and hippocampal CA1 area of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference rats. Fitoterapia 2013; 92:16-22. [PMID: 24140441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effect of rhynchophylline (Rhy) on the expression of p-CREB and c-Fos in the striatum and hippocampal CA1 area of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rat, methamphetamine (2 mg/kg) was injected to rats and the conditioned place preference was observed in these rats treated with or without Rhy. An immunohistochemistry assay was used to determine the expression of p-CREB and c-Fos in the striatum and hippocampal CA1 area. Methamphetamine induced significant behavior alteration in CPP, while after pretreatment with rhynchophylline or ketamine, the time of staying in methamphetamine-paired compartment of rats was significantly reduced. Methamphetamine also increased the number of p-CREB positive cells in the striatum and hippocampal CA1 zone, as well as p-Fos positive cells. However, the compound Rhy could attenuate the effect. These findings show that Rhy can suppress the acquisition of CPP in rats induced by methamphetamine and the action may be related with the reduced expression of p-CREB and p-Fos in the striatum and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiu-Xian Peng
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Liang Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chao-Hua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ming-Jin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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