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Li H, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang N, Lu D, Tang D, Lv Y, Zhang J, Yan H, Gong H, Zhang M, Nie K, Hou Y, Yu Y, Xiao H, Liu C. Prodrug-inspired adenosine triphosphate-activatable celastrol-Fe(III) chelate for cancer therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0960. [PMID: 38996025 PMCID: PMC11244545 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Celastrol (CEL), an active compound isolated from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits broad anticancer activities. However, its poor stability, narrow therapeutic window and numerous adverse effects limit its applications in vivo. In this study, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activatable CEL-Fe(III) chelate was designed, synthesized, and then encapsulated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymer to obtain CEL-Fe nanoparticles (CEL-Fe NPs). In normal tissues, CEL-Fe NPs maintain structural stability and exhibit reduced systemic toxicity, while at the tumor site, an ATP-ROS-rich tumor microenvironment, drug release is triggered by ROS, and antitumor potency is restored by competitive binding of ATP. This intelligent CEL delivery system improves the biosafety and bioavailability of CEL for cancer therapy. Such a CEL-metal chelate strategy not only mitigates the challenges associated with CEL but also opens avenues for the generation of CEL derivatives, thereby expanding the therapeutic potential of CEL in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingpu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physical and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physical and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yitong Lv
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Heben Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - He Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206,China
| | - Kaili Nie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physical and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Shen Y, Liu J, Yao B, Zhang Y, Huang S, Liang C, Huang J, Tang Y, Wang X. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease changes the expression and activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:36-47. [PMID: 38663832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases, which can cause serious complications and gradually increase the mortality rate. However, the effects of NAFLD on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters remain unclear, which may cause some confusion regarding patient medication. In this study, a NAFLD rat model was constructed by feeding rats with methionine and choline deficiency diets for 6 weeks, and the mRNA and protein levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes was detected by cocktail methods. In the NAFLD rat model, the mRNA expression of phase I enzymes, phase II enzymes, and transporters decreased. At the protein level, only CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C11, and CYP2J3 presented a decrease. In addition, the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP3A2, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 decreased. These changes may be caused by the alteration of FXR, HNF4α, LXRα, LXRβ, PXR, and RXR. In conclusion, NAFLD changes the expression and activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats, which may affect drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. In clinical medication, drug monitoring should be strengthened to avoid potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Shen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenmeizi Liang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junze Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Lai Y, Guo S, Tang Q, Chang G, Zhang H, Li B, Feng Q, Hu K, Xu Z, Gao X, Zhang Q, Yi H, Song D, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Cai H, Zhu W, Shi J. Dihydrocelastrol induces cell death and suppresses angiogenesis through BCR/AP-1/junb signalling in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109929. [PMID: 38367794 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although treatment options have improved, a large proportion of patients show low survival rates, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the new small-molecule compound dihydrocelastrol (DHCE), acquired through the structural modification of celastrol (CE), in the treatment of DLBCL. DHCE showed potent anti-lymphoma efficacy and synergistic effects with doxorubicin. DHCE triggered DLBCL cell apoptosis and G0/G1-phase blockade, thereby hindering angiogenesis. DHCE inhibited B-cell receptor cascade signalling and Jun B and p65 nuclear translocation, thereby suppressing pro-tumourigenic signalling. Finally, DHCE exerted lower toxicity than CE, which showed severe hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in vivo. Our findings support further investigation of the clinical efficacy of DHCE against DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shushan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiongwei Tang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Gaomei Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qilin Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuejie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hongfei Yi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Haiyan Cai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Wang L, Xiao Y, Luo Y, Master RP, Mo J, Kim MC, Liu Y, Maharjan CK, Patel UM, De U, Carelock ME, Tithi TI, Li X, Shaffer DR, Guertin KR, Zhuang H, Moser E, Smalley KS, Lv D, Zhou D, Zheng G, Zhang W. PROTAC-mediated NR4A1 degradation as a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231519. [PMID: 38334978 PMCID: PMC10857906 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
An effective cancer therapy requires killing cancer cells and targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). Searching for molecules critical for multiple cell types in the TME, we identified NR4A1 as one such molecule that can maintain the immune suppressive TME. Here, we establish NR4A1 as a valid target for cancer immunotherapy and describe a first-of-its-kind proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC, named NR-V04) against NR4A1. NR-V04 degrades NR4A1 within hours in vitro and exhibits long-lasting NR4A1 degradation in tumors with an excellent safety profile. NR-V04 inhibits and frequently eradicates established tumors. At the mechanistic level, NR-V04 induces the tumor-infiltrating (TI) B cells and effector memory CD8+ T (Tem) cells and reduces monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (m-MDSC), all of which are known to be clinically relevant immune cell populations in human melanomas. Overall, NR-V04-mediated NR4A1 degradation holds promise for enhancing anticancer immune responses and offers a new avenue for treating various types of cancers such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuewan Luo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rohan P. Master
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jiao Mo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Urvi M. Patel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Umasankar De
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Madison E. Carelock
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tanzia Islam Tithi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily Moser
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keiran S.M. Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dongwen Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center of Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center of Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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5
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Jiang X, Yuan C, Ding R, Lu D, Peng X, Dong Z, Zhu C, Lin Y, Wu C, Xie Q. Toxic metabolites and metabolic soft spots of celastrol based on glutathione metabolic capture and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:1023-1032. [PMID: 38145500 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2294042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol is known as one of the most medicinally valuable compounds. However, the pharmaceutical application of celastrol is significantly limited due to high toxicity, while there are few reports on the mechanism of toxicity. METHODS This study searched for possible toxic metabolites through phase I in vitro metabolism and glutathione capture experiments. Then in vivo metabolism experiments in mice and rats were conducted to look for metabolites in vivo. Finally, mice in vivo toxicity experiment was conducted to verify the toxicity of different doses of celastrol to mice. RESULTS In the in vivo and in vitro metabolism experiments, we found 7 phase I metabolites in vitro, 9 glutathione conjugation metabolites in vitro, and 20 metabolites in vivo. The metabolic soft points of celastrol could be the quinone methyl structure at C3-OH and C6. In vivo toxicity experiments show that celastrol causes weight loss, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract and liver inflammation in mice. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed the metabolites and possible metabolic soft spots of celastrol, and its hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity were demonstrated through in vivo studies for the first time. The results might provide an important basis for potential structural modification to increase the druggability of celastrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Di Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yihua Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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6
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Wang L, Xiao Y, Luo Y, Master RP, Mo J, Kim MC, Liu Y, Patel UM, Li X, Shaffer D, Guertin KR, Moser E, Smalley KS, Zhou D, Zheng G, Zhang W. Unleashing the Power of NR4A1 Degradation as a Novel Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552650. [PMID: 37609171 PMCID: PMC10441411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
An effective cancer therapy requires both killing cancer cells and targeting tumor-promoting pathways or cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We purposely search for molecules that are critical for multiple tumor-promoting cell types and identified nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) as one such molecule. NR4A1 has been shown to promote the aggressiveness of cancer cells and maintain the immune suppressive TME. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we establish NR4A1 as a valid therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Importantly, we have developed the first-of-its kind proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC, named NR-V04) against NR4A1. NR-V04 effectively degrades NR4A1 within hours of treatment in vitro and sustains for at least 4 days in vivo, exhibiting long-lasting NR4A1-degradation in tumors and an excellent safety profile. NR-V04 leads to robust tumor inhibition and sometimes eradication of established melanoma tumors. At the mechanistic level, we have identified an unexpected novel mechanism via significant induction of tumor-infiltrating (TI) B cells as well as an inhibition of monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (m-MDSC), two clinically relevant immune cell populations in human melanomas. Overall, NR-V04-mediated NR4A1 degradation holds promise for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses and offers a new avenue for treating various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yuewan Luo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Rohan P Master
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jiao Mo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: R & D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, South Korea 63243
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Urvi M Patel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin R Guertin
- Sanofi Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 01890
| | - Emily Moser
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Keiran S Smalley
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Current: College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Current: R & D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, South Korea 63243
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 01890
- Sanofi Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 01890
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 12902
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Center of innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Center of innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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7
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Wang C, Dai S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Gong L, Fu K, Ma C, Peng C, Li Y. Celastrol as an emerging anticancer agent: Current status, challenges and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114882. [PMID: 37196541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., which has multiple pharmacological activities. In particular, modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that celastrol exhibits significant broad-spectrum anticancer activities in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, hematological malignancies, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, renal carcinoma, breast cancer, bone tumor, brain tumor, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, by searching the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and CNKI, this review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of celastrol. According to the data, the anticancer effects of celastrol can be mediated by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, inducing cell apoptosis, suppressing autophagy, hindering angiogenesis and inhibiting tumor metastasis. More importantly, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Bcl-2/Bax-caspase 9/3, EGFR, ROS/JNK, NF-κB, STAT3, JNK/Nrf2/HO-1, VEGF, AR/miR-101, HSF1-LKB1-AMPKα-YAP, Wnt/β-catenin and CIP2A/c-MYC signaling pathways are considered as important molecular targets for the anticancer effects of celastrol. Subsequently, studies of its toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties showed that celastrol has some adverse effects, low oral bioavailability and a narrow therapeutic window. In addition, the current challenges of celastrol and the corresponding therapeutic strategies are also discussed, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of celastrol in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Zhou N, Zhu Y, Hu M, Zheng R, Sun M, Bian Y, Chen X, Li T. Evaluation potential effects of Picroside II on cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116582. [PMID: 37192720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell, a well-known Chinese herb, has been traditionally utilized as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. One of its main bioactive components is Picroside II, a glycoside derivative. However, there is limited information on the effects of Picroside II on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes nor on potential herb-drug interactions are rarely studied. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Picroside II on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro and in vivo and its potential herb-drug interactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific probe substrates were employed to assess the effect of Picroside II on the activity of P450 enzymes. The inhibitory effects of Picroside II on CYP enzymes were assayed both in human (i.e., 1A, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A) and rat (i.e., 1A, 2C6/11, 2D1, 2E1, and 3A) liver microsomes in vitro. The inductive effects were investigated in rats following oral gavage of 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg Picroside II. A specific Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the formation of specific metabolites. RESULTS Enzyme inhibition results showed that Picroside II (0.5-200 μM) had no evident inhibitory effects on rat and human liver microsomes in vitro. Interestingly, the administration of multiple doses of 10 mg/kg Picroside II inhibited the activity of CYP2C6/11 by reducing the rate of formation of 4-hydroxydiclofenac and 4-hydroxymephenytoin, while Picroside II at 2.5 mg/kg increased the activity of CYP3A by promoting the formation of 1-hydroxymidazolam and 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone in rats. In addition, there were negligible effects on CYP1A, CYP2D1, and CYP2E1 in rats. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that Picroside II modulated the activities of CYP enzymes and was involved in CYP2C and CYP3A medicated herb-drug interactions. Therefore, careful monitoring is necessary when Picroside II is used in combination with related conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Miaorong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rongyao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueying Bian
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Soni SS, D'Elia AM, Alsasa A, Cho S, Tylek T, O'Brien EM, Whitaker R, Spiller KL, Rodell CB. Sustained release of drug-loaded nanoparticles from injectable hydrogels enables long-term control of macrophage phenotype. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6951-6967. [PMID: 36341688 PMCID: PMC9724601 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels may be pre-formed through dynamic crosslinks, allowing for injection and subsequent retention in the tissue by shear-thinning and self-healing processes, respectively. These properties enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated therapeutics; yet, the sustained release of small-molecule drugs and their cell-targeted delivery remains challenging due to their rapid diffusive release and non-specific cellular biodistribution. Herein, we develop an injectable hydrogel system composed of a macrophage-targeted nanoparticle (cyclodextrin nanoparticles, CDNPs) crosslinked by adamantane-modified hyaluronic acid (Ad-HA). The polymer-nanoparticle hydrogel uniquely leverages cyclodextrin's interaction with small molecule drugs to create a spatially discrete drug reservoir and with adamantane to yield dynamic, injectable hydrogels. Through an innovative two-step drug screening approach and examination of 45 immunomodulatory drugs with subsequent in-depth transcriptional profiling of both murine and human macrophages, we identify celastrol as a potent inhibitor of pro-inflammatory (M1-like) behavior that furthermore promotes a reparatory (M2-like) phenotype. Celastrol encapsulation within the polymer-nanoparticle hydrogels permitted shear-thinning injection and sustained release of drug-laden nanoparticles that targeted macrophages to modulate cell behavior for greater than two weeks in vitro. The modular hydrogel system is a promising approach to locally modulate cell-specific phenotype in a range of applications for immunoregenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Soni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Arielle M D'Elia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Abdulrahman Alsasa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sylvia Cho
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Tina Tylek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Erin M O'Brien
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ricardo Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Xu Y, Liu J, Huang S, Li G, Yao B, Sun Z, Wang X. Investigation of cytochrome P450 inhibitory properties of deoxyshikonin, a bioactive compound from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. Phytother Res 2022. [PMID: 36317387 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyshikonin, a natural naphthoquinone compound extracted from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc (Boraginaceae), has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and wound healing effects. However, the inhibitory effect of deoxyshikonin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) remains unclear. This study investigated the potential inhibitory effects of deoxyshikonin on CYP1A2, 2B1/6, 2C9/11, 2D1/6, 2E1 and 3A2/4 enzymes in human and rat liver microsomes (HLMs and RLMs) by the cocktail approach in vitro. The single-point inactivation experiment showed that deoxyshikonin presented no time-dependent inhibition on CYP activities in HLMs and RLMs. Enzyme inhibition kinetics indicated that in HLMs, deoxyshikonin was not only a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 2E1, but also a mixed inhibitor of CYP2B6, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4, with Ki of 2.21, 1.78, 1.68, 0.20, 4.08 and 0.44 μM, respectively. In RLMs, deoxyshikonin not only competitively inhibited CYP2B1 and 2E1, but also exhibited mixed inhibition on CYP1A2, 2C11, 2D1 and 3A2, with Ki values of no more than 18.66 μM. In conclusion, due to the low Ki values of deoxythiokonin on CYP enzymes in HLMs, this may lead to drug-drug interactions (DDI) and potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Li
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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11
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Kim NH, Kwon M, Jung J, Chae HB, Lee J, Yoon YJ, Moon IS, Lee HK, Namkung W, Stankovic KM, Lee SA, Lee JD, Park SA. Celastrol suppresses the growth of vestibular schwannoma in mice by promoting the degradation of β-catenin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2993-3001. [PMID: 35478244 PMCID: PMC9622805 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS), one of characteristic tumors of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), is an intracranial tumor that arises from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve. VS results in hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and even death, but there are currently no FDA-approved drugs for treatment. In this study, we established a high-throughput screening to discover effective compounds that could inhibit the viability of VS cells. Among 1019 natural products from the Korea Chemical Bank screened, we found that celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene derived from a Tripterygium Wilfordi plant, exerted potent inhibitory effect on the viability of VS cells with an IC50 value of 0.5 µM. Celastrol (0.5, 1 µM) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of primary VS cells derived from VS patients. Celastrol also inhibited the growth, and induced apoptosis of two other VS cell lines (HEI-193 and SC4). Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been found in VS isolated from clinically defined NF2 patients. In HEI-193 and SC4 cells, we demonstrated that celastrol (0.1, 0.5 μM) dose-dependently inhibited TOPFlash reporter activity and protein expression of β-catenin, but not mRNA level of β-catenin. Furthermore, celastrol accelerated the degradation of β-catenin by promoting the formation of the β-catenin destruction complex. In nude mice bearing VS cell line SC4 allografts, administration of celastrol (1.25 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p. once every 3 days for 2 weeks) significantly suppressed the tumor growth without showing toxicity. Collectively, this study demonstrates that celastrol can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting the degradation of β-catenin, consequently inhibiting the growth of VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hui Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kwon
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jung
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Byeong Chae
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seok Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho K Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Se A Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Cui Y, Jiang X, Feng J. The therapeutic potential of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1024955. [PMID: 36339550 PMCID: PMC9626530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1024955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are complex diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord, with numerous etiologies and pathogenesis not yet fully elucidated. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use in China and is widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. With the rapid development of modern technology, the two main bioactive components of TWHF, triptolide and celastrol, have been found to have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-tumor effects and can be used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurological diseases. In this paper, we summarize the preclinical studies of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, brain and spinal cord injury, and epilepsy. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases, their toxicity, related derivatives, and nanotechnology-based carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueran Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejiao Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Feng,
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13
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Feng X, Shi Y, Ding Y, Zheng H. Inhibitory effects of traditional Chinese medicine colquhounia root tablet on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115358. [PMID: 35551976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tacrolimus (TAC) was widely used in various renal diseases while high recurrence rate and high expense restricted its applications. Traditional herbal medicine has become increasingly popular as an adjuvant therapy to minimize the adverse effects of TAC. Colquhounia root tablet (CRT), a prescribed drug prepared from the water extract of the peeled root of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (H. Lév.) Hutch., showed excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunosuppressive pharmacological properties. TAC used in combination with CRT was substantially more efficacious and safer than the monotherapy for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. However, studies on their herb-drug interaction were scanty. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was proposed to examine the effect of CRT on the pharmacokinetics of TAC in rats and identify the key natural constituents in CRT that affected the metabolism of TAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS TAC was orally and intravenously administered to rats alone or in combination with CRT and the pharmacokinetic parameters of TAC were compared. After pretreatment with CRT for 15 d, the expressions of the drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), drug transporters (DTs) and nuclear receptors (NRs) were determined by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting and compared with the control group. The hepatic microsomal incubation system was employed to confirm the inhibitory effects of CRT and its major components on rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A2. The roles of the primary components in the regulation of human CYP3A4 and mouse P-gp activities were evaluated by using docking analysis. RESULTS The blood concentrations of TAC were significantly increased in a dose- and pretreatment time-dependent manner after combined administration of CRT. The maximal effect was found at 300 mg/kg (43.70 ± 8.77 ng/mL and 141.45 ± 21.58 h·ng/mL) in a single dose run and the pharmacokinetic parameters gradually returned to the normal levels at 24 h interval of long-term CRT pretreatment. In contrast, CRT had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous TAC. Further study indicated that the mRNA and protein expressions of DMEs and DTs, such as CYP3A1, CYP3A2, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in rat intestine and liver were down-regulated, whereas the expressions of NRs like constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor were up-regulated after multiple oral doses of CRT. Molecular docking showed the binding potency of five CRT major constituents with both human CYP3A4 and mouse P-gp. Celastrol, wilforgine and wilforine were the strongest inhibitors towards midazolam metabolism in rat liver microsomes, with the 50% inhibition concentrations being at 8.33 μM, 22.18 μM and 22.22 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that co-dosing of CRT could lead to a significant increase in blood concentration of TAC and this effect could be ascribed to the resultant co-regulation of DMEs, DTs and NRs. Our study provided an experimental basis for the combination use of CRT and TAC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Youquan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Heng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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14
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Xu Y, Lu J, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Huang S, Zhang Y, Gao L, Wang X. Hypercholesterolemia reduces the expression and function of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats. Toxicol Lett 2022; 364:1-11. [PMID: 35654319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia, one of the most common lipid metabolic diseases, may cause severe complications and even death. However, the effect of hypercholesterolemia on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters remains unclear. In this report, we established a rat model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to study the mRNA and protein expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The functions of these enzymes and transporters were evaluated by the cocktail assay. In hypercholesterolemic rats, the expression of phase I enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2E1, CYP3A1/2, CYP4A1 and FMO1/3) and phase II enzymes (UGT1A1/3, PROG, AZTG, SULT1A1, NAT1 and GSTT1) decreased. In addition, the mRNA levels of drug transporter Slco1a1/2, Slco1b2, Slc22a5, Abcc2, Abcb1a and Abcg2 decreased in rats with hypercholesterolemia, while Abcb1b and Abcc3 increased. The decreased expression of hepatic phase I and II enzymes and transporters may be caused by the changes of CAR, FXR, PXR, and Hnf4α levels. In conclusion, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia changes the expression and function of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats, thereby possibly affecting drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. In clinical hyperlipidemia, patients should strengthen drug monitoring to avoid possible drug exposure mediated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangcai Gao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Hussain A, Naughton DP, Barker J. Potential Effects of Ibuprofen, Remdesivir and Omeprazole on Dexamethasone Metabolism in Control Sprague Dawley Male Rat Liver Microsomes (Drugs Often Used Together Alongside COVID-19 Treatment). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072238. [PMID: 35408639 PMCID: PMC9000592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of individual cytochrome P450 (CYPs) responsible for the drug metabolism can be determined through their chemical inhibition. During the pandemic, dexamethasone and remdesivir with omeprazole were used for the treatment of COVID-19, while Ibuprofen was taken to treat the symptoms of fever and headache. This study aimed to examine the potency of ibuprofen remdesivir, and omeprazole as inhibitors of cytochrome P450s using rat liver microsomes in vitro. Dexamethasone a corticosteroid, sometimes used to reduce the body’s immune response in the treatment of COVID-19, was used as a probe substrate and the three inhibitors were added to the incubation system at different concentrations and analysed by a validated High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The CYP3A2 isoenzyme is responsible for dexamethasone metabolism in vitro. The results showed that ibuprofen acts as a non-competitive inhibitor for CYP3A2 activity with Ki = 224.981 ± 1.854 µM and IC50 = 230.552 ± 2.020 µM, although remdesivir showed a mixed inhibition pattern with a Ki = 22.504 ± 0.008 µM and IC50 = 45.007 ± 0.016 µM. Additionally, omeprazole uncompetitively inhibits dexamethasone metabolism by the CYP3A2 enzyme activity with a Ki = 39.175 ± 0.230 µM and IC50 = 78.351 ± 0.460 µM. These results suggest that the tested inhibitors would not exert a significant effect on the CYP3A2 isoenzyme responsible for the co-administered dexamethasone drug’s metabolism in vivo.
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16
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Dai M, Peng W, Zhang T, Zhao Q, Ma X, Cheng Y, Wang C, Li F. Metabolomics reveals the role of PPARα in Tripterygium Wilfordii-induced liver injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115090. [PMID: 35143937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tripterygium glycosides tablets (TGT) and Tripterygium wilfordii tablets (TWT) have been used to treat autoimmune diseases clinically, however, the side effects of TWT are higher than TGT, especially for hepatotoxicity. THE AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine the mechanism of TWT-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed metabolomic analysis of samples from mice with liver injury induced by TGT and TWT. Ppara-null mice were used to determine the role of PPARα in TWT-induced liver injury. RESULTS The results indicated that TWT induced the accumulation of medium- and long-chain carnitines metabolism, which was associated with the disruption of PPARα-IL6-STAT3 axis. PPARα agonists fenofibrate could reverse the liver injury from TWT and TP/Cel, and its protective role could be attenuated in Ppara-null mice. The toxicity difference of TWT and TGT was due to the different ratio of triptolide (TP) and celastrol (Cel) in the tablet in which TP/Cel was lower in TWT than TGT. The hepatotoxicity induced by TP and Cel also inhibited PPARα and upregulated IL6-STAT3 axis, which could be alleviated following by PPARα activation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that PPARα plays an important role in the hepatotoxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii, and PPARα activation may offer a promising approach to prevent hepatotoxicity induced by the preparations of Tripterygium wilfordii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Regulated preparation of celastrol-loaded nanoparticle by flash nanoprecipitation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Risk assessment of the inhibition of hydroxygenkwanin on human and rat cytochrome P450 by cocktail method. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105281. [PMID: 34843882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxygenkwanin (HGK), a natural flavonoid extracted from the buds of Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. (Thymelaeaceae), possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer. However, the inhibitory effect of HGK on cytochrome P450 (CYP) remains unclear. This study investigated the potential inhibitory effects of HGK on CYP1A2, 2B1/6, 2C9/11, 2D1/6, 2E1 and 3A2/4 enzymes in human and rat liver microsomes (HLMs and RLMs) by the cocktail approach. HGK exhibited no time-dependent inhibition of CYP activities in HLMs and RLMs. Enzyme inhibition kinetics indicated that HGK was not only a competitive inhibitor of human CYP1A2 and 2C9, but also competitively inhibited rat CYP1A2 and 2C11 activities, with Ki value at 0.84 ± 0.03, 8.09 ± 0.44, 2.68 ± 0.32 and 8.35 ± 0.31 μM, respectively. Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of HGK on CYP enzymes was weaker than that of diosmetin, which may be related to the substitution of hydroxyl and methoxy in the A and B rings of the flavone skeleton. Therefore, the low Ki values of HGK for CYP1A2 and 2C may lead to potential drug-drug interactions and toxicity.
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Lim HY, Ong PS, Wang L, Goel A, Ding L, Li-Ann Wong A, Ho PCL, Sethi G, Xiang X, Goh BC. Celastrol in cancer therapy: Recent developments, challenges and prospects. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:252-267. [PMID: 34508794 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the world's biggest healthcare burdens and despite the current advancements made in treatment plans, the outcomes for oncology patients have yet to reach their full potential. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop novel anti-cancer drugs. A popular drug class for research are natural compounds, due to their multi-targeting potential and enhanced safety profile. One such promising natural bioactive compound derived from a vine, Tripterygium wilfordii is celastrol. Pre-clinical studies revolving around the use of celastrol have revealed positive pharmacological activities in various types of cancers, thus suggesting the chemical's potential anti-cancerous effects. However, despite the numerous preclinical studies carried out over the past few decades, celastrol has not reached human trials for cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of celastrol in treatment for different types of cancer. Subsequently, we also explore the possible reasons hindering its development for human use as cancer therapy, like its narrow therapeutic window and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Additionally, after critically analysing both in vitro and in vivo evidence, we discuss about the key pathways effected by celastrol and the suitable types of cancer that can be targeted by the natural drug, thus giving insight into future directions that can be taken, such as in-depth analysis and research of the druggability of celastrol derivatives, to aid the clinical translation of this promising anti-cancer lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ying Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Pei Shi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Arul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, CA, 91011, USA
| | - Lingwen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore.
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Bai X, Fu RJ, Zhang S, Yue SJ, Chen YY, Xu DQ, Tang YP. Potential medicinal value of celastrol and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111551. [PMID: 33865016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a vital part of the human nervous system, and the incidence of CNS disease is increasing year by year, which has become a major public health problem and a prominent social problem. At present, the drugs most commonly used in the clinic are receptor regulators, and neurotransmitter inhibitors, but they are accompanied by serious side effects. Therefore, the identification of new drugs and treatment strategies for CNS disease has been a research hotspot in the medical field. Celastrol, a highly bio-active pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F, has been proved to have a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, immunosuppression, anti-obesity and anti-tumor activity. However, due to its poor water solubility, low bioavailability and toxicity, the clinical development and trials of celastrol have been postponed. However, in recent years, the extensive medical value of celastrol in the treatment of CNS diseases such as nervous system tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has gradually attracted intensive attention worldwide. In particular, celastrol has non-negligible anti-tumor efficacy, and as there are no 100% effective anti-tumor drugs, the study of its structural modification to obtain better leading compounds with higher efficiency and lower toxicity has aroused strong interest in pharmaceutical chemists. In this review, research progress on celastrol in CNS diseases and the synthesis of celastrol-type triterpenoid analogues and their application evaluation in disease models, such as CNS diseases and autotoxicity-related target organ cancers in the past decade are summarized in detail, in order to provide reference for future better application in the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine (Guang'anmen Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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21
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Wang J, Chen F, Jiang H, Xu J, Meng D, Geng P, Dai D, Hu J, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Wang S. Inhibition and Induction by Poziotinib of Different Rat Cytochrome P450 Enzymes In Vivo and in an In Vitro Cocktail Method. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:593518. [PMID: 33746741 PMCID: PMC7970697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poziotinib is an orally active, irreversible, pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. Poziotinib is currently under clinical investigation, and understanding its drug-drug interactions is extremely important for its future development and clinical application. The cocktail method is most suitable for evaluating the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). As poziotinib is partially metabolized by CYPs, cocktail probes are used to study the interaction between drugs metabolized by each CYP subtype. Midazolam, bupropion, dextromethorphan, tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, phenacetin, and their metabolites were used to examine the effects of poziotinib on the activity of cyp1a2, 2b1, 2d1, 2c11, 2e1, and 3a1/2, respectively. The in vitro experiment was carried out by using rat liver microsomes (RLMs), whereas the in vivo experiment involved the comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the probes after co-administration with poziotinib to rats to those of control rats treated with only probes. UPLC-MS/MS was used to detect the probes and their metabolites in rat plasma and rat liver microsomes. The in vitro results revealed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of bupropion and tolbutamide in RLMs were 8.79 and 20.17 μM, respectively, indicating that poziotinib showed varying degrees of inhibition toward cyp2b1 and cyp2c11. Poziotinib was a competitive inhibitor of cyp2b1 and cyp2c11, with Ki values of 16.18 and 17.66 μM, respectively. No time- or concentration-dependence of inhibition by poziotinib was observed toward cyp2b1 and cyp2c11 in RLMs. Additionally, no obvious inhibitory effects were observed on the activity of cyp1a2, cyp2d1, cyp2e1, and cyp3a1/2. In vivo analysis revealed that bupropion, tolbutamide, phenacetin, and chlorzoxazone showed significantly different pharmacokinetic parameters after administration (p < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of dextromethorphan and midazolam. These results show that poziotinib inhibited cyp2b1 and cyp2c11, but induced cyp1a2 and cyp2e1 in rats. Thus, poziotinib inhibited cyp2b1 and cyp2c11 activity in rats, suggesting the possibility of interactions between poziotinib and these CYP substrates and the need for caution when combining them in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Jia Xu
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Deru Meng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Dapeng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunfang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
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Shi J, Li J, Xu Z, Chen L, Luo R, Zhang C, Gao F, Zhang J, Fu C. Celastrol: A Review of Useful Strategies Overcoming its Limitation in Anticancer Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:558741. [PMID: 33364939 PMCID: PMC7751759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.558741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural bioactive ingredient derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, exhibits significant broad-spectrum anticancer activities for the treatment of a variety of cancers including liver cancer, breast cancer, prostate tumor, multiple myeloma, glioma, etc. However, the poor water stability, low bioavailability, narrow therapeutic window, and undesired side effects greatly limit its clinical application. To address this issue, some strategies were employed to improve the anticancer efficacy and reduce the side-effects of celastrol. The present review comprehensively focuses on the various challenges associated with the anticancer efficiency and drug delivery of celastrol, and the useful approaches including combination therapy, structural derivatives and nano/micro-systems development. The specific advantages for the use of celastrol mediated by these strategies are presented. Moreover, the challenges and future research directions are also discussed. Based on this review, it would provide a reference to develop a natural anticancer compound for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Evaluation of acacetin inhibition potential against cytochrome P450 in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109147. [PMID: 32738202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin is a natural flavonoid that is widely distributed in plants and possesses numerous pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acacetin on the activities of the cytochrome P450 family members CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro and rats in vivo to evaluate potential herb-drug interactions by using a cocktail approach. Phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and midazolam were chosen as the probe substrates. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous detection of the probe substrates and their metabolites. In vitro, the mode of acacetin inhibition of CYP2B1, CYP2C11, and CYP2E1 was competitive, while mixed inhibition was observed for CYP1A2 and CYP3A2. The Ki values in this study were less than 8.32 μM. In vivo, the mixed probe substrates were administered by gavage after daily intraperitoneal injection with 50 mg/kg acacetin or saline for 2 weeks. The main pharmacokinetic parameters, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), plasma clearance (CL), and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of the probe substrates were significantly different in the experimental group than in the control group. Overall, the in vitro and in vivo results indicated that acacetin would be at high risk to cause toxicity and drug interactions via cytochrome P450 inhibition.
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Tokuno M, Taguchi K, Sakai H, Ohtsuki S, Yamasaki K, Otagiri M. Evaluation of cytochrome P450-based drug metabolism in hemorrhagic shock rats that were transfused with native and an artificial red blood cell preparation, Hemoglobin-vesicles. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:417-424. [PMID: 32792327 PMCID: PMC7320716 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-vesicles (Hb-V) are being developed as red blood cell (RBC) substitutes. In this study, we report on quantitative and qualitative alterations of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and the pharmacokinetics of CYP-metabolizing drugs, with a focus on four CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2), after Hb-V resuscitation from a massive hemorrhage. The results of proteome analysis and western blot data indicate that resuscitation with both Hb-V and packed RBC (PRBC) resulted in a decrease in the protein levels of CYPs. Along with a decrease in the protein expression of CYPs, pharmacokinetic studies showed that the elimination of CYP-metabolizing drugs was prolonged in the Hb-V and PRBC resuscitation groups. It is also noteworthy that the CYP-metabolizing drugs in the Hb-V resuscitation group was retained for a longer period compared to the PRBC resuscitation group, and this is attributed to the CYP isoforms having a lower metabolic activity in the Hb-V resuscitation group than that for the PRBC resuscitation group. These findings suggest that resuscitation with Hb-V after a massive hemorrhage has a slight but not clinically significant effect on drug metabolism via CYPs in the liver due to decreased protein levels and the metabolic activity with respect to the CYPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tokuno
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan; Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
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Tokuno M, Taguchi K, Sakai H, Ohtsuki S, Yamasaki K, Otagiri M. Assessing cytochrome P450-based drug-drug interactions with hemoglobin-vesicles, an artificial red blood cell preparation, in healthy rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:425-431. [PMID: 32788076 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-vesicles (Hb-V), hemoglobin encapsulated within a liposome, were developed as an artificial red blood cell (RBC). When Hb-V becomes clinically available in the future, patients would presumably be co-administered with one or more drugs. Since drug-drug interactions can cause serious adverse effects and impede overall curative effects, evidence regarding the risk associated with drug-drug interactions between Hb-V and such simultaneously administered drugs is needed. Therefore, we report on cytochrome P450 (CYP)-based drug interactions with Hb-V in healthy rats. At 1 day after the saline, Hb-V or packed RBC (PRBC) administration, the blood retention of CYP-metabolizing drugs (caffeine, chlorzoxazone, tolbutamide and midazolam) were moderately prolonged in the case of the Hb-V group, but not the PRBC group, compared to saline group. The results of a proteome analysis revealed that the Hb-V administration had only negligible effects on the protein expression of CYPs in the liver. Hb-V administration, however, clearly suppressed the CYP metabolic activity of the four target CYP isoforms compared with the saline and PRBC group. However, these alterations were nearly recovered at 7 day after the Hb-V administration. Taken together, these results suggest that the administration of Hb-V slightly and transiently affects the CYP-based metabolism of the above drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tokuno
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan; Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
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Shen J, Wang B, Wang S, Chen F, Meng D, Jiang H, Zhou Y, Geng P, Zhou Q, Liu B. Effects of Voriconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Vonoprazan in Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2199-2206. [PMID: 32581516 PMCID: PMC7280087 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s255427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of voriconazole on the pharmacokinetics of vonoprazan. Methods Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: five rats in each group, including control group, single-dose group (a single dose of 30 mg/kg of voriconazole), and multiple-dose group (multiple doses of 30 mg/(kg•day) per dose of voriconazole). Each group of rats was given an oral dose of 10 mg/kg vonoprazan 30 min after the administration of voriconazole or vehicle. After the oral administration of vonoprazan, 50 µL of blood was collected into 1.5-mL heparinized tubes via the caudal vein. The concentration of vonoprazan in plasma was quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Both in vitro effects of voriconazole on vonoprazan and the mechanism of the observed inhibition were studied in rat liver microsomes. Results When orally administered, voriconazole increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), prolonged the elimination half-life (t1/2), and decreased the clearance (CL) of vonoprazan; there was no significant difference between the single-dose and multiple-dose groups. Voriconazole inhibited the metabolism of vonoprazan at an IC50 of 2.93 μM and showed mixed inhibition. The results of the in vivo experiments were consistent with those of the in vitro experiments. Conclusion Our findings provide the evidence of drug-drug interactions between voriconazole and vonoprazan that could occur with pre-administration of voriconazole. Thus, clinicians should pay attention to the resulting changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and accordingly, adjust the dose of vonoprazan in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiquan Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Chen
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Deru Meng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
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Luo H, Xu Y, Sun D, Cheng Y, Sun Z, Gao J, Zhang Y, Wang X. Assessment of the inhibition risk of paris saponins, bioactive compounds from Paris polyphylla, on CYP and UGT enzymes via cocktail inhibition assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 113:104637. [PMID: 32145316 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paris saponins, also known as polyphyllins, are natural compounds extracted from Paris polyphylla, which have many pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. In particular, paris saponin I, II, VII and polyphyllin VI are the components of the quality standard for Paris polyphylla. However, the inhibition risk of polyphyllins on cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) remains unclear. Therefore, this report investigated the potential inhibitory effects of paris saponin I, II, VII and polyphyllin VI on the activities of CYP (CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2) and UGT (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, PROG and AZTG) through cocktail inhibition assays in vitro. In the study of CYP, polyphyllin VI exhibited weak inhibition on CYP2D1 activity in rat liver microsomes with IC50 value at 45.2 μM, while paris saponin VII weakly inhibited CYP2C11 and CYP2E1 activities with IC50 value at 42.0 and 67.7 μM, respectively. In the study of UGT, none of the four steroidal saponins showed significant inhibition risk. In conclusion, paris saponin I, II, VII and polyphyllin VI have very low potential to cause the possible toxicity and drug interactions involving CYP and UGT enzymes, indicating that they are safe enough to take with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Hou W, Liu B, Xu H. Celastrol: Progresses in structure-modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology and toxicology. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Salhab H, Naughton DP, Barker J. Validation of an HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Metabolic Reaction Products Catalysed by CYP2E1 Enzyme Activity: Inhibitory Effect of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme CYP2E1 by Salicylic Acid in Rat Liver Microsomes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040932. [PMID: 32093091 PMCID: PMC7071109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) alters the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug and causes drug–drug interactions. Salicylic acid been used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and chemoprevention in recent decades. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the in vitro inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on CYP2E1 activity in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of a CYP2E1 assay was developed on a reversed phase C18 column (SUPELCO 25 cm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm) at 282 nm using 60% H2O, 25% acetonitrile, and 15% methanol as mobile phase. The CYP2E1 assay showed a good linearity (R2 > 0.999), good reproducibility, intra- and inter-day precision (<15%), acceptable recovery and accuracy (80–120%), and low detection (4.972 µM and 1.997 µM) and quantitation limit values (15.068 µM and 6.052 µM), for chlorzoxazone and 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, respectively. Salicylic acid acts as a mixed inhibitor (competitive and non-competitive inhibition), with Ki (inhibition constant) = 83.56 ± 2.730 µM and concentration of inhibitor causing 50% inhibition of original enzyme activity (IC50) exceeding 100 µM (IC50 = 167.12 ± 5.460 µM) for CYP2E1 enzyme activity. Salicylic acid in rats would have both low and high potential to cause toxicity and drug interactions with other drugs that are substrates for CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Salhab
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7984974741; Fax: +44-208-4179000
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Salhab H, Naughton DP, Barker J. Validation of an HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Metabolic Reaction Products Catalysed by CYP2C11 Enzymes in Rat Liver Microsomes: In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Salicylic Acid on CYP2C11 Enzyme. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234294. [PMID: 31775347 PMCID: PMC6930622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of new chemical entities on rat liver P450 marker activities was investigated in a functional approach towards drug development. Treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and chemoprevention using salicylic acid has gained a lot of attention, mainly in the prevention of the onset of colon cancer. Thus, an in vitro inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on rat CYP2C11 activity was examined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). High performance liquid chromatography analysis of a CYP2C11 assay was developed on a reversed phase C18 column (SUPELCO 25 cm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm) at 243 nm using 32% phosphate buffer (pH 3.36) and 68% methanol as a mobile phase. The CYP2C11 assay showed good linearity for all components (R2 > 0.999). Substrates and metabolites were found to be stable for up to 72 hours. Additionally, the method demonstrated good reproducibility, intra- and inter-day precision (<15%), acceptable recovery and accuracy (80%-120%), and low detection (1.3501 µM and 3.2757 µM) and quantitation limit values (4.914 µM and 9.927 µM) for 16α-hydroxytestosterone and testosterone, respectively. Salicylic acid acts reversibly as a noncompetitive (weak) inhibitor with Ki = 84.582 ± 2.67 µM (concentration of inhibitor to cause 50% inhibition of original enzyme activity (IC50) = 82.70 ± 2.67 µM) for CYP2C11 enzyme activity. This indicates a low potential to cause toxicity and drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Salhab
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +447984974741; Fax: +442084179000
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An important mechanism of herb-induced hepatotoxicity: To produce RMs based on active functional groups-containing ingredients from phytomedicine by binding CYP450s. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Hu L, Wu F, He J, Zhong L, Song Y, Shao H. Cytotoxicity of safrole in HepaRG cells: studies on the role of CYP1A2-mediated ortho-quinone metabolic activation. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1504-1515. [PMID: 30865484 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1590882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hu
- The Pharmaceutical Department, Nanjing Zhong-da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie He
- The Pharmaceutical Department, Nanjing Zhong-da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lingjun Zhong
- The Pharmaceutical Department, Nanjing Zhong-da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Song
- The Pharmaceutical Department, Nanjing Zhong-da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Shao
- The Pharmaceutical Department, Nanjing Zhong-da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Cheng Y, Tang S, Chen A, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang X. Evaluation of the inhibition risk of shikonin on human and rat UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) through the cocktail approach. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:214-221. [PMID: 31128210 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin, a natural red colorant, is widely used for food garnishment and cosmetic ingredient in the world. Shikonin also possesses a variety of pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about its effects on the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shikonin on the UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 activities via the human and rat liver microsomal assay and cocktail approach. The results showed shikonin inhibited human and rat liver microsomal UGT activity only in a dose-dependent manner. The further enzyme kinetic studies demonstrated that shikonin was not only a competitive inhibitor of human UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7, but also presented competitive inhibition on rat UGT1A1 and AZTG reactions. In conclusion, shikonin as a reversible inhibitor of UGT enzyme has a high-risk potential to cause the possible toxicity, especially drug-drug or food-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Tan H, Chen L, Ma L, Liu S, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Guo T, Liu W, Dai H, Yu Y. Fluorescence Spectroscopic Investigation of Competitive Interactions between Quercetin and Aflatoxin B₁ for Binding to Human Serum Albumin. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11040214. [PMID: 30970656 PMCID: PMC6521043 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁) is a highly toxic mycotoxin found worldwide in cereals, food, and animal feeds. AFB₁ binds to human serum albumin (HSA) with high affinity. In previous experiments, it has been revealed that reducing the binding rate of AFB₁ with HSA could speed up the elimination rate of AFB₁. Therefore, we examined the ability of quercetin to compete with AFB₁ for binding HSA by fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous spectroscopy, ultrafiltration studies, etc. It was shown that AFB₁ and quercetin bind to HSA in the same Sudlow site Ӏ (subdomain IIA), and the binding constant (Ka) of the quercetin-HSA complex is significantly stronger than the complex of AFB₁-HSA. Our data in this experiment showed that quercetin is able to remove the AFB₁ from HSA and reduce its bound fraction. This exploratory work may be of significance for studies in the future regarding decreasing its bound fraction and then increasing its elimination rate for detoxification. This exploratory study may initiate future epidemiological research designs to obtain further in vivo evidence of the long-term (potential protective) effects of competing substances on human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ting Guo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hongjie Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yong Yu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Dong G, Zhou Y, Song X. In vitro inhibitory effects of bergenin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:620-625. [PMID: 31070542 PMCID: PMC6282425 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1525413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bergenin, isolated from the herb of Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Engl., has anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and wound healing activities. However, whether bergenin affects the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the inhibitory effects of bergenin (100 μM) on the eight human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2C8) were investigated, enzyme kinetics and time-dependent inhibition studies were also performed in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs). RESULTS The results showed that bergenin inhibited the activity of CYP3A4, 2E1 and 2C9, with IC50 values of 14.39, 22.83 and 15.11 μM, respectively, but other CYP isoforms were not affected. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that bergenin was not only a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, but also a competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1 and 2C9, with Ki values of 7.71, 11.39 and 8.89 μM, respectively. In addition, bergenin is a time-dependent inhibitor for CYP3A4 with Kinact/KI value of 0.025/3.50 μM-1 min-1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The in vitro studies of bergenin with CYP isoforms indicate that bergenin has the potential to cause pharmacokinetic drug interactions with other co-administered drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, 2E1 and 2C9. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
- CONTACT Xiaoli Song Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang262500, Shandong, China
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Tang H, Long N, Dai M, Lin L, Li J, Sun F, Guo L. Effect of citral on mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:337-343. [PMID: 29969356 PMCID: PMC6130695 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1470191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Citral is used as a potential natural treatment for various infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of citral on the mRNA expression and activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and establish the relationship between citral-induced liver injury and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICR mice were randomly divided into citral (20, 200, and 2000 mg/kglow), Tween-80, and control groups (0.9% saline), 10 mice in each group. The citral-treated groups were intragastrically administered citral for 3 d, control groups treated with 0.5% Tween-80 and 0.9% saline in the same way. Liver injury and CYP450 enzymes were analyzed by analyzing the histopathological changes and the changes of related enzymes. RESULTS Citral treatment (2000 mg/kg) for 3 d increased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels, as well as glutathione, gydroxyl radicals, malonaldehyde and total superoxide dismutase contents, but decreased the content of total antioxidant capacity. In doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg groups mice, the contents of NO were decreased significantly and other changes were similar to the 2000 mg/kg group mice, but the liver damage was most severe in the 2000 mg/kg group. Citral induced the mRNA expression and activities of CYP450 1A2, 2D22, and 2E1 in the liver of mice at doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg. There were no changes in testing indexes in Tween-80 treated group mice. Due to its toxic effects, the CYP induction effect of citral negatively correlated with its dose. Although the mRNA expression of CYP450 3A11 was induced by citral, its activity was not affected by low and moderate doses of citral. CYP450 3A11 activity was significantly decreased by high-dose citral. CONCLUSIONS Citral is hepatotoxic and induced oxidative stress in higher dose, which has a negative effect on CYP450 enzymes. These data suggest caution needs to be taken in order to avoid citral-drug interactions in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiao Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Nana Long
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- CONTACT Min Dai School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianlong Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fenghui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Evaluation of the inhibition effects of apatinib on human and rat cytochrome P450. Toxicol Lett 2018; 297:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chen B, Guo J, Wang S, Kang L, Deng Y, Li Y. Simulated Microgravity Altered the Metabolism of Loureirin B and the Expression of Major Cytochrome P450 in Liver of Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1130. [PMID: 30369879 PMCID: PMC6194197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Loureirin B (LB) is the marker compound of dragon blood (DB), which exhibits great potentials in protecting astronauts' health against radiation and simulated microgravity (SM). Pharmacokinetics of LB is reported to be significantly altered by SM. Here, we investigated key metabolic features of LB in rat liver microsome (RLM) and the effects of SM on LB metabolism as well as on expression of major hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms. Ten metabolites were tentatively identified based on fragmentation pathways using LC-MS/MS method and elimination kinetics of LB followed a typical Michaelis-Menten equation (V max was 1.32 μg/min/mg and K m was 13.33 μg/mL). CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, and CYP3A2 were involved in the metabolism of LB and the relative strength was: CYP3A2 > CYP2C11 > CYP2D1 > CYP1A2. Comparative studies suggested that elimination of LB in RLM was remarkably increased by 3-day and 14-day SM, and the generation of identified metabolites was affected as well. Additionally, 3-day and 14-day SM showed obvious regulatory effects on the expression of major CYP450 isoforms, which might contribute to the increased elimination of LB. The data provided supports for the application of DB as a protective agent and the reasonable use of current medications metabolized by hepatic CYP450 in space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Lu J, Liu D, Zhou X, Chen A, Jiang Z, Ye X, Liu M, Wang X. Plant natural product plumbagin presents potent inhibitory effect on human cytochrome P450 2J2 enzyme. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 39:137-145. [PMID: 29433675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is not only highly expressed in many kinds of human tumors, but also promotes tumor cell growth via regulating the metabolism of arachidonic acids. CYP2J2 inhibitors can significantly reduce proliferation, migration and promote apoptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) biosynthesis. Therefore screening CYP2J2 inhibitors is a significant way for the development of anti-cancer drug. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify a new CYP2J2 inhibitor from fifty natural compounds obtained from plants. STUDY DESIGN CYP2J2 inhibitor was screened from a natural compounds library and further the inhibitory manner and mechanism were evaluated. Its cytotoxicity against HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines was also estimated. METHODS The inhibitory effect was evaluated in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant CYP2J2 (rCYP2J2), using astemizole as a probe substrate and inhibitory mechanism was illustrated through molecular docking. The cytotoxicity was detected using SRB. RESULTS In all candidates, plumbagin showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylation activity. Further study revealed that plumbagin potently inhibited CYP2J2 activity with IC50 value at 3.82 µM, 3.37 µM and 1.17 µM in RLMs, HLMs and rCYP2J2, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that plumbagin was a mixed-type inhibitor of CYP2J2 in HLMs and rCYP2J2 with Ki value of 1.88 µM and 0.92 µM, respectively. Docking data presented that plumbagin interacted with CYP2J2 mainly through GLU 222 and ALA 223. Moreover, plumbagin showed strongly cytotoxic effects on hepatoma cell lines, such as HepG2 and SMMC-7721, with lower toxicity on rat primary hepatocytes. Plumbagin had no effect on the protein expression of CYP2J2 in HepG2 and SMMC-7721, while down-regulated the mRNA level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. CONCLUSION This study found out a new CYP2J2 inhibitor plumbagin from fifty natural compounds. Plumbagin presented a potential of anti-cancer pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daozhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenran Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Tang S, Chen A, Zhou X, Zeng L, Liu M, Wang X. Assessment of the inhibition risk of shikonin on cytochrome P450 via cocktail inhibition assay. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Seervi M, Lotankar S, Barbar S, Sathaye S. Assessment of cytochrome P450 inhibition and induction potential of lupeol and betulin in rat liver microsomes. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2017; 31:115-22. [PMID: 26959552 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2015-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupeol and betulin are triterpenoids that are majorly found in dietary substances. The aim of present study was to investigate the inhibition and induction potential of lupeol and betulin on cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D6 and CYP3A2 activities in rat liver microsomes. METHODS The inhibition and induction studies were conducted using ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (CYP1A2), tolbutamide hydroxylase (CYP2C9), and midazolam hydroxylase (CYP3A4) activity assays. In vitro inhibition study was evaluated by incubating lupeol and betulin (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 μM) with rat liver microsomes, and the metabolite formation was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The induction study was conducted by administering lupeol (20 mg/kg) and betulin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 days to rats followed by liver isolation and microsome preparation. RESULTS The IC50 values in inhibition studies were found to be 59.42 μM (CYP1A2), >100 μM (CYP2C11, CYP2D6, CYP3A2) for lupeol, 52.24 μM (CYP1A2), and >100 μM (CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A2) for betulin. There was no significant modification observed in the CYP450 isoforms, indicating neither inhibition nor induction potential of lupeol and betulin. CONCLUSIONS Lupeol and betulin have very low propensity to interact with CYP enzyme, suggesting no CYP inhibitory and inducing potential in rat liver microsomes.
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Qin X, Lu J, Wang P, Xu P, Liu M, Wang X. Cytochrome P450 3A selectively affects the pharmacokinetic interaction between erlotinib and docetaxel in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:129-139. [PMID: 28716728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib as a first-line drug is used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with sensitive EGFR mutations, while resistance to this drug will occur after several years of treatment. Therefore, the microtubule disturber docetaxel is introduced as combined regimen in clinical trials. This report investigated the potentials and mechanisms of drug-drug interaction (DDI) between erlotinib and docetaxel using wild type (WT) and Cyp3a1/2 knockout (KO) rats. The erlotinib O-demethylation and docetaxel hydroxylation reactions in the absence or the presence of another drug were analyzed in vitro via the assay of rat liver microsomes. In whole animal studies, erlotinib and docetaxel were given to WT and KO rats individually or jointly, and the pharmacokinetic profiles of these two drugs were analyzed and compared among different groups. The results showed that docetaxel not only inhibited the CYP3A-mediated biotransformation of erlotinib in vitro, but also significantly increased the maximum concentration and systemic exposure of erlotinib in vivo in WT rats. In contrast, the DDI was significantly attenuated in KO rats. On the other hand, erlotinib did not influence docetaxel either in vitro biotransformation or in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors. These results exhibited the potentials of erlotinib-docetaxel interaction and indicated that the CYP3A played the perpetrating role of docetaxel on erlotinib in rats. A better understanding of this DDI with CYP3A may help the regulation of the use of these two drugs, avoid potential problems, and adjust dose carefully and early in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Lang J, Li W, Zhao J, Wang K, Chen D. Inhibitory effects of curculigoside on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Xenobiotica 2017; 47:849-855. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1257171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Li
- Qingdao Hiser Medical Group, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | - Dexi Chen
- Qingdao Hiser Medical Group, Qingdao, China
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Yuan L, Zhang Y, Liao M, Liu Y, Wan C, Zhang L. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based screening and characterization of metabolites of cnidilin in human liver microsomes. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28431455 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cnidilin is an active natural furocoumarin ingredient originating from well-known traditional Chinese medicine Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. In the present study, an efficient approach was developed for the screening and identification of cnidilin metabolites using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In this approach, an on-line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter combined with dynamic background subtraction was developed to trace all probable metabolites. Based on this analytical strategy, a total of 24 metabolites of cnidilin were detected in human liver microsomal incubation samples and the metabolic pathways were proposed. The results indicated that oxidation was the main biotransformation route for cnidilin in human liver microsomes. In addition, the specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the metabolism of cnidilin were identified using chemical inhibition and CYP recombinant enzymes. The results showed that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 might be the major enzymes involved in the metabolism of cnidilin in human liver microsomes. The relationship between cnidilin and the CYP450 enzymes could provide us a theoretical basis of the pharmacological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchen Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Singh A, Zhao K. Herb-Drug Interactions of Commonly Used Chinese Medicinal Herbs. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:197-232. [PMID: 28807159 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With more and more popular use of traditional herbal medicines, in particular Chinese herbal medicines, herb-drug interactions have become a more and more important safety issue in the clinical applications of the conventional drugs. Researches in this area are increasing very rapidly. Herb-drug interactions are complicated due to the fact that multiple chemical components are involved, and these compounds may possess diverse pharmacological activities. Interactions can be in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Abundant studies focused on pharmacokinetic interactions of herbs and drugs. Herbs may affect the behavior of the concomitantly used drugs by changing their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Studies on pharmacodynamics interactions of herbs and drugs are still very limited. Herb-drug interactions are potentially causing changes in drug levels and drug activities and leading to either therapeutic failure or toxicities. Sometime it can be fatal. The exposures to drugs, lacking of knowledge in the potential adverse herb-drug interactions, will put big risk to patients' safety in medical services. On the contrary, some interactions may be therapeutically beneficial. It may be used to help develop new therapeutic strategies in the future. This chapter is trying to review the development in the area of herb-drug interactions based on the recently published research findings. Information on the potential interactions among the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs and conventional drugs is summarized in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrinder Singh
- Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Programme, Middlesex University, The Borough, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaicun Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Programme, Middlesex University, The Borough, Hendon, London, United Kingdom.
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Ailanthone targets p23 to overcome MDV3100 resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13122. [PMID: 27959342 PMCID: PMC5159881 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonist MDV3100 is the first therapeutic approach in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but tumours frequently become drug resistant via multiple mechanisms including AR amplification and mutation. Here we identify the small molecule Ailanthone (AIL) as a potent inhibitor of both full-length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR-Vs). AIL binds to the co-chaperone protein p23 and prevents AR's interaction with HSP90, thus resulting in the disruption of the AR-chaperone complex followed by ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of AR as well as other p23 clients including AKT and Cdk4, and downregulates AR and its target genes in PCa cell lines and orthotopic animal tumours. In addition, AIL blocks tumour growth and metastasis of CRPC. Finally, AIL possesses favourable drug-like properties such as good bioavailability, high solubility, lack of CYP inhibition and low hepatotoxicity. In general, AIL is a potential candidate for the treatment of CRPC. Prostate cancers often become castration resistant due to alternative expression of androgen receptor (AR) splice variants. Here, the authors screened a library of natural compounds and identified Ailanthone as a potent inhibitor of AR through its binding to the co-chaperone protein p23 that, by preventing AR interaction with HSP90, results in ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of the receptor.
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Tang HQ, Xu M, Rong Q, Jin RW, Liu QJ, Li YL. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on liver function in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4275-85. [PMID: 27621621 PMCID: PMC5012617 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely incorporated as a food additive in animal diets. In order to optimize the beneficial effects of ZnO and minimize any resultant environmental pollution, ZnO nanoparticles are often used for delivery of the zinc. However, the possible toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles, including effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, have not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effect of ZnO nanoparticles, in doses used in animal feeds, on CYP450 enzymes, liver and intestinal enzymes, liver and kidney histopathology, and hematologic indices in rats. We found that liver and kidney injury occurred when the concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles in feed were 300–600 mg/kg. Also, liver mRNA expression for constitutive androstane receptor was suppressed and mRNA expression for pregnane X receptor was induced when feed containing ZnO nanoparticles was given at a concentration of 600 mg/kg. Although the expression of mRNA for CYP 2C11 and 3A2 enzymes was induced by ZnO nanoparticles, the activities of CYP 2C11 and 3A2 were suppressed. While liver CYP 1A2 mRNA expression was suppressed, CYP 1A2 activity remained unchanged at all ZnO nanoparticle doses. Therefore, it has been concluded that ZnO nanoparticles, in the doses customarily added to animal feed, changed the indices of hematology and blood chemistry, altered the expression and activity of hepatic CYP enzymes, and induced pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues of rats. These findings suggest that greater attention needs to be paid to the toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles in animal feed, with the possibility that the doses of ZnO should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qiao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Rong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Wen Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Lun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Chen A, Zhou X, Tang S, Liu M, Wang X. Evaluation of the inhibition potential of plumbagin against cytochrome P450 using LC-MS/MS and cocktail approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28482. [PMID: 27329697 PMCID: PMC4916434 DOI: 10.1038/srep28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a natural naphthoquinone compound isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica L., has drawn a lot of attention for its plenty of pharmacological properties including antidiabetes and anti-cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plumbagin on CYP1A2, CYP2B1/6, CYP2C9/11, CYP2D1/6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2/4 activities in human and rat liver and evaluate the potential herb-drug interactions using the cocktail approach. All CYP substrates and their metabolites were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Plumbagin presented non-time-dependent inhibition of CYP activities in both human and rat liver. In humans, plumbagin was not only a mixed inhibitor of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, but also a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2, with Ki values no more than 2.16 μM. In rats, the mixed inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2D1, and competitive inhibition for CYP2B1, CYP2C11 and CYP2E1 with Ki values less than 9.93 μM were observed. In general, the relatively low Ki values of plumbagin in humans would have a high potential to cause the toxicity and drug interactions involving CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Tang Y, Lu J, Shao Y, Qin X, Li Y, Wang L, Li D, Liu M. Characterization of novel cytochrome P450 2E1 knockout rat model generated by CRISPR/Cas9. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 105:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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DDPH, a novel antihypertensive agent, is a potential dual inhibitor of hepatic CYP2D and CYP3A. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 247:55-63. [PMID: 26827781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DDPH (1-(2, 6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino) propane hydrochloride) is a promising novel antihypertensive agent, with potent antihypertensive, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DDPH on the expression and activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and evaluate the metabolic drug-drug interactions of DDPH with propafenone. Our results showed that orally administered DDPH (12.5-50 mg/kg/d) for 7 days significantly inhibited CYP2D1 and CYP3A1 activity and mRNA and protein expression but weakly increased CYP1A2 activity and expression in rats. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that DDPH was a competitive inhibitor of CYP2D1 and mixed inhibitor of CYP3A1 in rat liver microsomes with Ki values of 3.70 ± 0.42 μM and 4.79 ± 1.10 μM respectively. With human liver microsomes, DDPH was a noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP2D6 (Ki = 0.85 ± 0.06 μM) and mixed inhibitor of CYP3A (Ki = 2.15 ± 0.41 μM). Further in vivo study showed that oral administration of DDPH (12.5-50 mg/kg/d) for 7 days in rats significantly increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of propafenone by 25.4%-63.9%, with a concomitant decrease in the plasma clearance. In conclusion, the results indicated that DDPH inhibited CYP2D and CYP3A activities and down-regulated their protein expression and mRNA transcription. DDPH might cause metabolic drug-drug interactions through modulation of the activity and expression of CYP2D and CYP3A. This information could be important in the prediction of possible drug-drug interactions as well as for the effective therapy and the limitation of toxicity of DDPH in clinical practice.
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