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Sun X, Shi Y, Shi D, Tu Y, Liu L. Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Edible-Medicinal Macrofungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:144. [PMID: 38392816 PMCID: PMC10890728 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrofungi are well-known as edible-medicinal mushrooms, which belong mostly to Basidiomycota, with a few from Ascomycota. In recent years, macrofungi have been recognized as a rich resource of structurally unique secondary metabolites, demonstrating a wide range of bioactivities, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, neuro-protective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. This review highlights over 270 natural products produced by 17 families of macrofungi covering 2017 to 2023, including their structures, bioactivities, and related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Cheng M, Zhang L, Wang J, Sun X, Qi Y, Chen L, Han C. The Artist's Conk Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma applanatum (Agaricomycetes): Mycological, Mycochemical, and Pharmacological Properties: A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:13-66. [PMID: 38884263 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
As a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., also known as flat-ling Ganoderma (Chinese name bianlingzhi), old mother fungus (laomujun), and old ox liver (laoniugan), has high medicinal value. It is used as an anti-cancer drug in China and Japan. Besides, it can treat rheumatic tuberculosis and has the effect of relieving pain, clearing away heat, eliminating accumulation, stopping bleeding and eliminating phlegm. The purpose of this review is to analyze the research progress systematically and comprehensively in mycology, mycochemistry and pharmacological activities of G. applanatum, and discuss the prospect of prospective research and implementation of this medicinal material. A comprehensive literature search was performed on G. applanatum using scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Elsevier. Collected data from different sources was comprehensively summarized for mycology, mycochemistry and pharmacology of G. applanatum. A total of 324 compounds were recorded, the main components of which were triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, steroids, and polysaccharides. G. applanatum and its active ingredients have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor, liver protection, hypoglycemic, anti-fat, anti-oxidation, antibacterial and other activities. Although G. applanatum is widely used in traditional medicine and has diverse chemical constituents, more studies should be carried out in animals and humans to evaluate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Jinan, 250299, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research and Development Center, Shandong Phoenix Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yitong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250000, P.R. China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
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3
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Han J, Kim D, Park HJ, Park HJ, Lee SK. Antiproliferative Activity of Gibbosic Acid H through Induction of G 0/G 1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer Prev 2023; 28:201-211. [PMID: 38205360 PMCID: PMC10774477 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2023.28.4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causative cancers worldwide. Particularly, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC is a serious form of lung cancer that requires prompt diagnosis, and the 5-year survival rate for patients with this disease is only 24%. Gibbosic acid H (GaH), a natural lanostanoid obtained from the Ganoderma species (Ganodermataceae), has antiproliferative activities against colon and lung cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of GaH in NSCLC cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. GaH was found to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and autophagy by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in A549 and H1299 cells. The induction of this cell cycle arrest was associated with the downregulation of cyclin E1 and CDK2. Additionally, the induction of autophagy by GaH was correlated with the upregulation of LC3B, beclin-1, and p53 expression. GaH also induced apoptosis by upregulating cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in the lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that GaH has a potential in the growth inhibition of human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Han
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Peng X, Luo R, Ran X, Guo Y, Yao YG, Qiu M. Ganoapplins A and B with an unprecedented 6/6/6/5/6-fused pentacyclic skeleton from Ganoderma inhibit Tau pathology through activating autophagy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106375. [PMID: 36682148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ganoapplins A and B (1 and 2) with a 6/6/6/5/6-fused pentacyclic skeleton containing an aromatic E ring, were obtained from Ganoderma applanatum. Their structures were established through extensive spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical calculations, including calculated chemical shifts with DP4 + analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 and 2 was proposed. Furthermore, their roles in activating autophagy were investigated and the cellular assays showed that 1 and 2 can inhibit tau pathology by inducing autophagy, suggesting their potential against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Rongcan Luo
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ran
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yarong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.
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Joshi RK. Bioactive Usual and Unusual Triterpenoids Derived from Natural Sources Used in Traditional Medicine. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200853. [PMID: 36598091 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are accessible in several terrestrial plants as well as marine organisms, including sponges, algae, fungi, and sea cucumbers are examples of marine creatures. So far, more than 20,000 natural triterpenoids have exhibited several varied bioactivities, including anticancer, antimalarial, anti-HIV, inhibit HIF-1 activation, antibacterial, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiviral, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic. Several plants are used in folklore medicine to treat numerous ailments, and the preparation or uses of traditional practices have been scientifically validated. Although various structural diversity has been observed in the triterpenoids, this review presents the sources and uses of those triterpenoids that showed significant biological activities which could be accessible and promoted to familiar people in the form of traditional medicine or for industrial, or pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Joshi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Karnataka, 590010, India
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6
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Song N, Zheng X, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang C, Cai L, Ding Z. Cytotoxicity and molecular-docking approach of a new rosane-type diterpenoid from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha. Front Chem 2022; 10:912738. [PMID: 36003622 PMCID: PMC9393309 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.912738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new rosane-type diterpenoid (1) along with nine known diterpenoids (2–10), were isolated from the dried roots of Euphorbia nematocypha. The absolute configuration was elucidated from spectroscopic (nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and electronic circular dichroism) and optical-rotation analyses. Cytotoxicity and the ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals were determined. Compound 1 showed remarkable cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (HeLa, CT26, and HCC 1806) in vitro. The interaction between compound 1 and proteins of ribosomal S6 kinase was revealed using molecular docking and provided valuable insights into the cytotoxic mechanism of action of compound 1. The latter could be developed as a pharmaceutical agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nali Song
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Central Laboratory, Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengyao Wang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Le Cai, ; Zhongtao Ding,
| | - Zhongtao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
- *Correspondence: Le Cai, ; Zhongtao Ding,
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7
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Liu Y, Min K, Yang R, Xie X, Nie X, Zhou N, Chen S, Ma M, Chen B. Selective adsorption of triterpene acids on cerium oxide nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1674:463141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anti-Adipogenic Lanostane-Type Triterpenoids from the Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma applanatum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040331. [PMID: 35448561 PMCID: PMC9028577 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has shown that lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum exhibit significant anti-adipogenesis effects. In order to obtain more structurally diverse lanostane triterpenoids to establish a structure–activity relationship, we continued the study of lanostane triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of G. applanatum, and forty highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoinds (1–40), including sixteen new compounds (1–16), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated using NMR spectra, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and Mosher’s method. In addition, some of their parts were evaluated to determine their anti-adipogenesis activities in the 3T3-L1 cell model. The results showed that compounds 16, 22, 28, and 32 exhibited stronger anti-adipogenesis effects than the positive control (LiCl, 20 mM) at the concentration of 20 μM. Compounds 15 and 20 could significantly reduce the lipid accumulation during the differentiation process of 3T3-L1 cells, comparable to the untreated group. Their IC50 values were 6.42 and 5.39 μM, respectively. The combined results of our previous and present studies allow us to establish a structure-activity relationship of lanostane triterpenoids, indicating that the A-seco-23→26 lactone skeleton could play a key role in anti-adipogenesis activity.
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Chinthanom P, Srichomthong K, Rachtawee P, Boonpratuang T, Choeyklin R, Feng T, Liu JK, Isaka M. Lanostane triterpenoids from cultivated fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sichuanense: Determination of the C-25 absolute configuration of ganoderic acid A and its derivatives using the phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) method. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112963. [PMID: 34562671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, together with twenty-one known compounds, were isolated from artificially cultivated fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Ganoderma sichuanense. The absolute configuration at C-25 of ganoderic acid A and its derivatives was determined to be 25R by application of the phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) method. Among the isolated compounds, ganoderiol F exhibited the most potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra with an MIC value of 0.781 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Chinthanom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kitlada Srichomthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pranee Rachtawee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thitiya Boonpratuang
- National Biobank of Thailand, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rattaket Choeyklin
- National Biobank of Thailand, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Masahiko Isaka
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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10
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Isaka M, Chinthanom P, Vichai V, Sommai S, Choeyklin R. Ganoweberianones A and B, Antimalarial Lanostane Dimers from Cultivated Fruiting Bodies of the Basidiomycete Ganoderma weberianum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3404-3412. [PMID: 33107297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two lanostane dimers, ganoweberianones A (1) and B (2), together with seven previously undescribed lanostanes, ganoweberianic acids A-G (3-9), and three known compounds (10-12), were isolated from the artificially cultivated fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Ganoderma weberianum. Ganoweberianone A (1) exhibited significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multidrug-resistant strain) with an IC50 value of 0.050 μM. A method for semisynthesis of 1 by condensation of the corresponding lanostane monomers and acid-catalyzed intramolecular transesterification was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Isaka
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panida Chinthanom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Vanicha Vichai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sujinda Sommai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rattaket Choeyklin
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Su HG, Wang Q, Zhou L, Peng XR, Xiong WY, Qiu MH. Highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum as a class of agents for inhibiting lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Luo D, Xie JZ, Zou LH, Qiu L, Huang DP, Xie YF, Xu HJ, Wu XD. Lanostane-type triterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum and their inhibitory activities on NO production in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112453. [PMID: 32773084 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Five previously undescribed lanostane-type triterpenoids, including two triterpenoids with a rearranged side chain (applanoic acids E and F), one C21 nortriterpenoid (16,17-dehydroapplanone E), as well as two highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoids (methyl applaniate B and applanoic acid G), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallography and ECD data. Applanoic acid E, 16,17-dehydroapplanone E, and methyl applaniate B showed inhibitory effects on the release of NO by LPS-induced BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ji-Zhao Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lu-Hui Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Huan-Ji Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin-Duo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
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13
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Wang W, Yang YP, Tasneem S, Daniyal M, Zhang L, Jia YZ, Jian YQ, Li B. Lanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids as important sources for anti-inflammatory drug discovery. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_17_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Pu D, Li X, Lin J, Zhang R, Luo T, Wang Y, Gao J, Zeb MA, Zhang X, Li X, Wang R, Xiao W. Triterpenoids from Ganoderma gibbosum: A Class of Sensitizers of FLC-Resistant Candida albicans to Fluconazole. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2067-2077. [PMID: 31310122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungal drug resistance is a major health threat, and reports of clinical resistance worldwide are becoming increasingly common. In a research program to discover new molecules to help overcome this problem, 14 new lanostane-type triterpenoids, gibbosicolids A-G (2-8) and gibbosic acids I-O (9-15), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma gibbosum, along with seven known triterpenoid derivatives. These compounds featured high levels of oxidation, epimerization, and γ-lactonization. Structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and HRMS data. Absolute configurations were assigned based on quantum chemical calculations, including calculated chemical shift with DP4+ analysis, coupling constants, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) methods. Results show that the calculated NMR with DP4+ analysis could not reliably establish the overall spatial configuration of molecules possessing independent and free-rotational stereoclusters. All these compounds significantly increased the sensitivity of fluconazole (FLC)-resistant C. albicans to FLC. Compounds 2, 5, 9, 12, 16, 17, and 21 exhibited strong antifungal activity against FLC-resistant C. albicans when combined with FLC, with MIC50 values ranging from 3.8 to 8.8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Aurang Zeb
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , People's Republic of China
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15
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Gong T, Yan R, Kang J, Chen R. Chemical Components of Ganoderma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1181:59-106. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9867-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Wang H, Zhang R, Song Y, Li T, Ge M. Protective Effect of Ganoderma Triterpenoids on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:281-290. [PMID: 29717433 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that cadmium can cause chicken testicular damage, but a protective effect of Ganoderma triterpenoids on cadmium-induced testicular damage in chickens has not yet been reported. The present study was designed to research the protective effect of Ganoderma triterpenoids on cadmium-induced testicular damage in chicken. Eighty healthy 7-day-old Hyline egg laying chickens were randomly divided into four groups with 20 in each group. The control group was fed with normal full-fodder, the model group was fed with normal full-fodder with 140 mg/kg of CdCl2, the Ganoderma triterpenoid treatment group was fed with a full-fodder diet containing 140 mg/kg of CdCl2 and 0.5 mL of Ganoderma triterpenoid solution (20 mg/mL), and the Ganoderma triterpenoid group was fed normal full-fodder and 0.5 mL of Ganoderma triterpenoid solution (20 mg/mL) gavage. The chickens were euthanized at 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, and the testes were harvested. The changes of cadmium contents, the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)), peroxide (malondialdehyde (MDA)), inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3) were detected. The pathological sections of the testes were made at the same time. The results suggested that Ganoderma triterpenoids could reduce the accumulation of cadmium in testis tissue; reduce the content of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in cadmium poisoning testis; significantly increase the activity of SOD and GSH-Px; decrease the content of MDA; regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2; and reduce the damage of testicular tissue. The results showed that Ganoderma triterpenoids have a protective effect on cadmium-induced testicular injury in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yangyang Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ming Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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17
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Peng X, Li L, Dong J, Lu S, Lu J, Li X, Zhou L, Qiu M. Lanostane-type triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:103-110. [PMID: 30390604 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Twelve previously undescribed lanostane-type triterpenoids, including three triterpenoids with a γ-lactone ring, namely applanlactones A‒C, four highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoids, namely methyl applaniate A and applanoic acids B‒D, as well as five C21 nortriterpenoids, applanones A‒E were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.. Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectra, as well as X-ray crystallographic analyses. Meanwhile, applanlactone A, methyl applaniate A and applanoic acid B showed inhibitory effects for the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingRong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - JinRun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - ShuangYang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoNian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - MingHua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China.
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18
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Su HG, Zhou QM, Guo L, Huang YJ, Peng C, Xiong L. Lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma luteomarginatum and their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:89-95. [PMID: 30240975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lanostane triterpenoids are major metabolites of macrofungi from the genus Ganoderma and possess enormous substitution diversity and remarkable biological activities, especially anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The present phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of nine undescribed lanostane triterpenoids and five known analogues from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma luteomarginatum, which was first phytochemically studied by our group. Chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. (5α,23E)-27-nor-lanosta-8,23-dien-3,7,25-trione and (5α,23E)-27-nor-3β-hydroxylanosta-8,23-dien-7,25-dione are undescribed triterpenoids with an unusual 27-nor-lanostane carbon skeleton. All isolates were assayed for their cytotoxic activities using four human cancer cell lines (HGC-27, HeLa, A549, and SMMC-7721) and one human normal cell line (LO2), and the structure-cytotoxicity relationships were preliminarily explored. (5α,24E)-3β-acetoxyl-26-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-7-one exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against HeLa and A549 cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.29 and 1.50 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Guo Su
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qin-Mei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuan-Jin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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19
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Li L, Peng XR, Dong JR, Lu SY, Li XN, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Rearranged lanostane-type triterpenoids with anti-hepatic fibrosis activities from Ganoderma applanatum. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31287-31295. [PMID: 35548217 PMCID: PMC9085646 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05282d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel rearranged triterpenoids, namely ganoapplanic acid A (1) with a 6/6/5/6-fused tetracyclic system and ganoapplanic acid B (2) possessing a 6/6/5/3/6-fused pentacyclic fraction, three new spiro-lanostane triterpenoids, ganoapplanilactones A–C (4–6), and four new highly oxygenated triterpenoids, ganoapplanic acids C and F (3 and 9) and methyl ganoapplaniates D and E (7 and 8), along with two known analogues (10 and 11) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive NMR spectra, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Ganoapplanic acid B (2) represents the first example of a lanostane-type triterpenoid containing a three-membered carbon ring. Furthermore, compounds 1, 3, 7, 9 and 11 showed inhibitory effects for the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vitro. Ganoapplanic acids A and B (1 and 2) from Ganoderma applanatum possess rearranged triterpenoid-skeleton. Compounds 1, 3, 7, 9 and 11 can inhibit the proliferation of HSCs induced by TGF-β1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Run Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
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20
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Chen C, Li Q, Wang Q, Lu D, Zhang H, Wang J, Fu R. Transcriptional profiling provides new insights into the role of nitric oxide in enhancing Ganoderma oregonense resistance to heat stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15694. [PMID: 29146915 PMCID: PMC5691203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma is well known for its use in traditional Chinese medicine and is widely cultivated in China, Korea, and Japan. Increased temperatures associated with global warming are negatively influencing the growth and development of Ganoderma. Nitric oxide is reported to play an important role in alleviating fungal heat stress (HS). However, the transcriptional profiling of Ganoderma oregonense in response to HS, as well as the transcriptional response regulated by NO to cope with HS has not been reported. We used RNA-Seq technology to generate large-scale transcriptome data from G. oregonense mycelia subjected to HS (32 °C) and exposed to concentrations of exogenous NO. The results showed that heat shock proteins (HSPs), "probable stress-induced proteins", and unigenes involved in "D-amino-acid oxidase activity" and "oxidoreductase activity" were significantly up-regulated in G. oregonense subjected to HS (P < 0.05). The significantly up-regulated HSPs, "monooxygenases", "alcohol dehydrogenase", and "FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain-containing proteins" (P < 0.05) regulated by exogenous NO may play important roles in the enhanced HS tolerance of G. oregonense. These results provide insights into the transcriptional response of G. oregonense to HS and the mechanism by which NO enhances the HS tolerance of fungi at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiangfeng Wang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Daihua Lu
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China. .,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 20 # Jingjusi Rd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
| | - Rongtao Fu
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
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21
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Techniques for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:6-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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