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Hosseini H, Abdollahzadeh E, Pilevar Z. Addition of lime juice and NaCl to minced seafood may stimulate the expression of Listeria monocytogenes virulence, adhesion, and stress response genes. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4615-4622. [PMID: 39055235 PMCID: PMC11266898 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous opportunistic bacterium responsible for deadly listeriosis outbreaks. This pathogen has been recognized as a significant food-borne pathogen in seafood products. The present study aimed to investigate the transcript levels of virulence, adhesion, and stress response genes of L. monocytogenes upon exposure to sublethal levels of lime juice and NaCl in shrimp matrix. For this purpose, minced and broth shrimp samples (control, 2% NaCl, 5% NaCl, 25 μL/mL lime, and 50 μL/mL lime, as well as 2% NaCl+25 μL/mL lime) were inoculated with approximately 107 CFU/g or ml of L. monocytogenes, and subsequently, the samples were stored at 12°C or 37°C. For the minced samples, the transcription of one stress-related (sigB), two adhesion (imo1634 and imo1847), and four virulence (hly, prf, intA, and plc) genes was assessed by RT-qPCR after different storage times (0 and 48 h). Results showed that the transcript levels of sigB, imo1847, and imo1634 genes increased with increasing storage temperatures of shrimp broth (12°C to 37°C). At the beginning, the transcription of the studied genes decreased in all treatments of minced shrimp; however, after 48 h of storage at 12°C, the transcript levels of hly, prf, imo1847, imo1634, and intA genes were significantly upregulated up to 0.5-9 log2 fold-change in all treatments compared to the control group (p < .05). These results highlight that the survived L. monocytogenes after exposure to moderate salt content or lime juice could represent enhanced virulence and adhesion capabilities, posing a significant public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnoloyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Esmail Abdollahzadeh
- International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO)RashtIran
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- School of HealthArak University of Medical SciencesArakIran
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2
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Poimenidou SV, Caccia N, Paramithiotis S, Hébraud M, Nychas GJ, Skandamis PN. Influence of temperature on regulation of key virulence and stress response genes in Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food Microbiol 2023; 111:104190. [PMID: 36681396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a major determinant of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes adherence and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. However, its role on gene regulation of L. monocytogenes mature biofilms has not been investigated. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature up- and down-shift on L. monocytogenes biofilms gene transcription. L. monocytogenes strain EGD-e biofilms were first developed on stainless steel surfaces in Brain Heart Infusion broth at 20 °C for 48 h. Then, nutrient broth was renewed, and mature biofilms were exposed to 10 °C, 20 °C or 37 °C for 24 h. Biofilm cells were harvested and RNA levels of plcA, prfA, hly, mpl, plcB, sigB, bapL, fbpA, fbpB, lmo2178, lmo0880, lmo0160, lmo1115, lmo 2089, lmo2576, lmo0159 and lmo0627 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The results revealed an over-expression of all genes tested in biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. When biofilms were further allowed to proliferate at 20 °C for 24 h, the transcription levels of key virulence, stress response and putative binding proteins genes plcA, sigB, fbpA, fbpB, lmo1115, lmo0880 and lmo2089 decreased. A temperature-dependent transcription for sigB, plcA, hly, and lmo2089 genes was observed after biofilm proliferation at 10 °C or 37 °C. Our findings suggest that temperature differentially affects gene regulation of L. monocytogenes mature biofilms, thus modulating attributes such as virulence, stress response and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Poimenidou
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene. Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Nelly Caccia
- University Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture, L'alimentation et L'environnement (INRAE), UMR Microbiologie, Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDiS), Site de Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene. Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece; Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering. Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Michel Hébraud
- University Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture, L'alimentation et L'environnement (INRAE), UMR Microbiologie, Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDiS), Site de Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - George-John Nychas
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology. Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Skandamis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene. Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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3
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Azinheiro S, Ghimire D, Carvalho J, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Next-day detection of viable Listeria monocytogenes by multiplex reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Inhibitory effects of 3-(methylthio) propyl isothiocyanate in comparison with benzyl isothiocyanate on Listeria monocytogenes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effect of Enterocins A and B on the Viability and Virulence Gene Expression of Listeria monocytogenes in Sliced Dry-Cured Ham. Appl Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dry-cured ham can be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes during its industrial processing. The use of bacteriocins could ensure the safety of such meat products, but their effect on pathogen physiology is unknown. Therefore, the impact of enterocins A and B on the L. monocytogenes population, and the expression patterns of five genes (inlA, inlB, clpC, fbpA and prfA) related to adhesion/invasion and virulence regulation have been monitored in sliced dry-cured ham during 30 d of storage in refrigeration (4 °C) and temperature-abuse conditions (20 °C). L. monocytogenes strains S2 (serotype 1/2a) and S7-2 (serotype 4b) counts were reduced by 0.5 and 0.6 log units immediately after the application of enterocins A and B, a decrease lower than previously reported. Differences in gene expression were found between the two strains. For strain S2, expression tended to increase for almost all genes up to day seven of storage, whereas this increase was observed immediately after application for strain S7-2; however, overall gene expression was repressed from day one onwards, mainly under temperature-abuse conditions. L. monocytogenes strains investigated in the present work exhibited a mild sensitivity to enterocins A and B in sliced dry-cured ham. Bacteriocins caused changes in the expression patterns of virulence genes associated with adhesion and invasion, although the potential virulence of surviving cells was not enhanced.
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Pradhan B, Liedtke J, Sleutel M, Lindbäck T, Zegeye ED, O´Sullivan K, Llarena A, Brynildsrud O, Aspholm M, Remaut H. Endospore Appendages: a novel pilus superfamily from the endospores of pathogenic Bacilli. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106887. [PMID: 34031903 PMCID: PMC8408608 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato is a group of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria with high ecological diversity. Their endospores are decorated with micrometer-long appendages of unknown identity and function. Here, we isolate endospore appendages (Enas) from the food poisoning outbreak strain B. cereus NVH 0075-95 and find proteinaceous fibers of two main morphologies: S- and L-Ena. By using cryoEM and 3D helical reconstruction of S-Enas, we show these to represent a novel class of Gram-positive pili. S-Enas consist of single domain subunits with jellyroll topology that are laterally stacked by β-sheet augmentation. S-Enas are longitudinally stabilized by disulfide bonding through N-terminal connector peptides that bridge the helical turns. Together, this results in flexible pili that are highly resistant to heat, drought, and chemical damage. Phylogenomic analysis reveals a ubiquitous presence of the ena-gene cluster in the B. cereus group, which include species of clinical, environmental, and food importance. We propose Enas to represent a new class of pili specifically adapted to the harsh conditions encountered by bacterial spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajabandhu Pradhan
- Structural and Molecular MicrobiologyVIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Bioengineering SciencesStructural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Janine Liedtke
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Mike Sleutel
- Structural and Molecular MicrobiologyVIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Bioengineering SciencesStructural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Toril Lindbäck
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Ephrem Debebe Zegeye
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Kristin O´Sullivan
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Ann‐Katrin Llarena
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Ola Brynildsrud
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Marina Aspholm
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular MicrobiologyVIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Bioengineering SciencesStructural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
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7
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the transcriptomic response of L. monocytogenes during co-culture with three S. cerevisiae strains. For this purpose, BHI broth was inoculated with 7 log CFU·mL−1 L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strain LQC 15257, isolated from a strawberry sample and 4 log CFU·mL−1 S. cerevisiae strains Y32, Y34 and Y37, isolated from spontaneous olive fermentation. Sampling took place after 24 and 48 h incubation at 5 and 20 °C. RNA was extracted, stabilized and the transcription of virulence associated genes prfA, sigB, hly, plcA, plcB, inlA, inlB, inlC and inlJ, was assessed by RT-qPCR. Co-culture with the yeast strains mostly affected the transcription of sigB and inlJ, the upregulation of which during growth at 5 °C for 24 h, reached 10.13 and 9.76 log2(fold change), respectively. Similarly, the effect that incubation time had on the relative transcription of the genes under study was dependent on the co-cultivating yeast strain. On the other hand, the effect of the yeast strain was less pronounced when the relative transcription of the genes under study was assessed between 20 °C and 5 °C. In that case, incubation temperature seemed to have an important effect since, in the 79.2% of the samples analyzed, upregulation was evident, irrespective of yeast strain presence. These results highlight the complex trophic relationships that take place during co-existence between L. monocytogenes and S. cerevisiae.
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Transcriptome Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Exposed to Beef Fat Reveals Antimicrobial and Pathogenicity Attenuation Mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.03027-20. [PMID: 33608290 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03027-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly intracellular pathogen mostly associated with consumption of ready-to-eat foods. This study investigated the effectiveness of total beef fat (BF-T) from flaxseed-fed cattle and its fractions enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (BF-MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (BF-PUFA), along with commercially available long-chain fatty acids (LC-FA), as natural antimicrobials against L. monocytogenes BF-T was ineffective at concentrations up to 6 mg/ml, while L. monocytogenes was susceptible to BF-MUFA and BF-PUFA, with MICs at pH 7 of 0.33 ± 0.21 mg/ml and 0.06 ± 0.03 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC of C14:0 was significantly lower than those of C16:0 and C18:0 (P < 0.05). Fatty acids c9-C16:1, C18:2n-6, and C18:3n-3 showed stronger inhibitory activity than c9-C18:1 and conjugated C18:2, with MICs of <1 mg/ml. Furthermore, global transcriptional analysis by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to characterize the response of L. monocytogenes to selected fatty acids. Functional analysis indicated that antimicrobial LC-UFA repressed the expression of genes associated with nutrient transmembrane transport, energy generation, and oxidative stress resistance. On the other hand, upregulation of ribosome assembly and translation process is possibly associated with adaptive and repair mechanisms activated in response to LC-UFA. Virulence genes and genes involved in bile, acid, and osmotic stresses were largely downregulated, and more so for c9-C16:1, C18:2n-6, and C18:3n-3, likely through interaction with the master virulence regulator PrfA and the alternative sigma factor σB IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen known for its ability to survive and thrive under adverse environments and, as such, its control poses a significant challenge, especially with the trend of minimally processed and ready-to-eat foods. This work investigated the effectiveness of fatty acids from various sources as natural antimicrobials against L. monocytogenes and evaluated their potential role in L. monocytogenes pathogenicity modulation, using the strain ATCC 19111. The findings show that long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (LC-UFA), including unsaturated beef fat fractions from flaxseed-fed cattle, could have the potential to be used as effective antimicrobials for L. monocytogenes through controlling growth as well as virulence attenuation. This not only advances our understanding of the mode of action of LC-UFA against L. monocytogenes but also suggests the potential for use of beef fat or its fractions as natural antimicrobials for controlling foodborne pathogens.
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9
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Lucas JR, Alía A, Velasco R, Selgas MD, Cabeza MC. Effect of E-beam treatment on expression of virulence and stress-response genes of Listeria monocytogenes in dry-cured ham. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 340:109057. [PMID: 33460999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various adverse conditions can trigger defensive mechanisms in Listeria monocytogenes that can increase the virulence of surviving cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of one stress-response (sigB) and three virulence (plcA, hly, and iap) genes in L. monocytogenes exposed to a sub lethal dose of E-beam irradiation in dry-cured ham. To accomplish this, dry-cured ham slices (10 g) were immersed in a 109 CFU/mL suspension of L. monocytogenes strain S4-2 and subsequently irradiated with 1, 2, or 3 kGy. After irradiation, samples were stored at 7 °C or 15 °C for 30 days. Absolute gene expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR, and numbers of surviving Listeria cells were assessed by microbial counts after different storage times (0, 7, 15, and 30 days). At 7 °C, after E-beam treatment at doses of 2 or 3 kGy, Listeria gene expression significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) up to day 15. Listeria counts decreased with increasing dosage. The relationship between absolute gene expression and the number of surviving Listeria cells could indicate that sublethal doses of E-beam irradiation can increase expression of the genes studied. We observed no significant influence of storage time or temperature on gene expression (p > 0.05). Listeria that survives E-beam treatment may display increased virulence, constituting a significant potential public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lucas
- Food Technology Dept. Section, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University, Avd. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Alía
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n., 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - R Velasco
- Food Technology Dept. Section, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University, Avd. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Selgas
- Food Technology Dept. Section, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University, Avd. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Cabeza
- Food Technology Dept. Section, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University, Avd. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Ly V, Parreira VR, Sanchez-Maldonado AF, Farber JM. Survival and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes during Storage on Chocolate Liquor, Corn Flakes, and Dry-Roasted Shelled Pistachios at 4 and 23°C. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1852-1862. [PMID: 32556209 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The survival and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes was assessed during storage on three low-moisture foods (LMFs): chocolate liquor, corn flakes, and shelled, dry-roasted pistachios (water activity [aw] of 0.18, 0.27, and 0.20, respectively). The LMFs were inoculated with a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes at 8 log CFU/g, dried, held until the aw stabilized, and then stored at 4°C and 25 to 81% relative humidity (RH) and at 23°C and 30 to 35% RH for at least 336 days. At 4°C, L. monocytogenes remained stable on the LMFs for at least 336 days. At 23°C, L. monocytogenes levels declined on the chocolate liquor, corn flakes, and pistachios at initial rates of 0.84, 0.88, and 0.32 log CFU/g/month, respectively. After 8 months at 23°C, L. monocytogenes levels on the chocolate liquor and corn flakes decreased to below the limit of detection (i.e., 0.48 log CFU/g). Relative populations of each strain were assessed before storage (i.e., day 0) and after 6 and 12 months of storage at 23 and 4°C, respectively. Generally, a decline in the relative level of the serotype 1/2a strain was observed during storage, coupled with the relative increase in other strains, depending on the LMF and storage temperature. The total viable populations of L. monocytogenes determined by the PMAxx quantitative PCR method after >12 months of storage at 4°C were significantly (1.8- to 3.7-log) higher than those obtained by plating on tryptic soy agar with yeast extract. Decreases in the culturable population of L. monocytogenes during storage on the LMFs were the result of both cellular inactivation and transition to a viable-but-nonculturable state. The surviving cells, specifically after long-term storage at 4°C on the chocolate liquor and pistachios, remained infectious and capable of intracellular replication in Caco-2 enterocytes. These results are relevant for predictive modeling used in microbial health risk assessments and support the addition of LMFs to food safety questionnaires conducted during listeriosis outbreaks. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ly
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Valeria R Parreira
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-1955 [V.R.P.])
| | - Alma Fernanda Sanchez-Maldonado
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil, time, and temperature on the expression of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes in broth and minced rainbow trout. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Transcriptomics: A powerful tool to evaluate the behavior of foodborne pathogens in the food production chain. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Wałecka-Zacharska E, Korkus J, Skowron K, Wietlicka-Piszcz M, Kosek-Paszkowska K, Bania J. Effect of Temperatures Used in Food Storage on Duration of Heat Stress Induced Invasiveness of L. monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E467. [PMID: 31627472 PMCID: PMC6843778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The unpropitious conditions of the food processing environmenttrigger in Listeria monocytogenes stress response mechanisms that may affect the pathogen's virulence. To date, many studies have revealed that acid, osmotic, heat, cold and oxidative stress modify invasiveness of L. monocytogenes. Nonetheless, there is limited data on the duration of the stress effect on bacterial invasiveness. Since most food is stored at low or room temperatures we studied the impact of these temperatures on the duration of heat stress effect on invasiveness of 8 L. monocytogenes strains. Bacteria were heat-treated for 20 min at 54 °C and then incubated at 5 and 20 °C up to 14 days. A decrease in invasiveness over time was observed for bacteria not exposed to heating. It was found that heat shock significantly reduced the invasion capacity of all strains and the effect lasted between 7 and 14 days at both 5 and 20 °C. In conclusion, 20-min heating reduces invasion capacity of all L. monocytogenes strains; however, the stress effect is temporary and lasts between 7 and 14 days in the food storage conditions. The invasiveness of bacteria changes along with the incubation time and is temperature-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (K.K.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jakub Korkus
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (K.K.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wietlicka-Piszcz
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kosek-Paszkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (K.K.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacek Bania
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (K.K.-P.); (J.B.)
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Aspholm ME, Kollerud KK, Høgberg Hansen HC, Granum PE, Christie G, Lindbäck T. Biochemical and mutational analysis of spore cortex-lytic enzymes in the food spoiler Bacillus licheniformis. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103259. [PMID: 31421778 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is frequently associated with food spoilage due to its ability to form highly resistant endospores. The present study reveals that B. licheniformis spore peptidoglycan shares a similar structure to spores of other species of Bacillus. Two enzymatic activities associated with depolymerisation of the cortical peptidoglycan, which represents a crucial step in spore germination, were detected by muropeptide analysis. These include lytic transglycosylase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, with non-lytic epimerase activity also being detected. The role of various putative cortex-lytic enzymes that account for the aforementioned activity was investigated by mutational analysis. These analyses indicate that SleB is the major lysin involved in cortex depolymerisation in B. licheniformis spores, with CwlJ and SleL having lesser roles. Collectively, the results of this work indicate that B. licheniformis spores employ a similar approach for cortical depolymerisation during germination as spores of other Bacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E Aspholm
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Pb 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian K Kollerud
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Pb 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge C Høgberg Hansen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Pb 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Einar Granum
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Pb 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Graham Christie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Toril Lindbäck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Pb 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium inhibits the virulence property of Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hadjilouka A, Paramithiotis S, Drosinos EH. Genetic Analysis of the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 of Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a and 4b Isolates. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:857-865. [PMID: 29468304 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to apply descriptive, phylogenetic, recombination, and selection analyses on alignments of the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1) of 1/2a and 4b Listeria monocytogenes isolates of different origin in order to gain insights into the evolution of this virulence gene cluster. For that purpose, a total of 19 L. monocytogenes isolates (9 meat isolates, serotype 1/2a; 5 meat isolates, serotype 4b; 5 strawberry isolates, serotype 4b) that have been previously separated at strain level were subjected to sequencing of their LIPI-1. Descriptive analysis revealed extensive nucleotide diversity mostly in the intragenic regions. The actA gene of 1/2a and 4b meat isolates and the hly gene of the 4b strawberry isolates exhibited the higher diversity; limited diversity was observed in prfA and plcA genes of the 4b isolates and mpl gene of the 1/2a isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete island resulted in two major clusters that were consistent with serotype assignment of the isolates. Moreover, effective discrimination between serotypes was obtained by plcA, plcB, mpl, actA and the intergenic regions plcA-prfA and plcA-hly. In all cases but plcB and plcA-prfA 4b isolates were also differentiated according to their source of isolation as well. Selection analysis revealed that the island consisted of randomly evolving DNA with the exception of prfA gene of 1/2a isolates and actA gene of 4b meat isolates for which purifying selection or population expansion was indicated. Finally, no statistically significant evidence for recombination has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agni Hadjilouka
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios H Drosinos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
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17
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Fernández Escámez PS, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Takkinen J, Wagner M, Arcella D, Da Silva Felicio MT, Georgiadis M, Messens W, Lindqvist R. Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods and the risk for human health in the EU. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05134. [PMID: 32760461 PMCID: PMC7391409 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety criteria for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods have been applied from 2006 onwards (Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005). Still, human invasive listeriosis was reported to increase over the period 2009-2013 in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Time series analysis for the 2008-2015 period in the EU/EEA indicated an increasing trend of the monthly notified incidence rate of confirmed human invasive listeriosis of the over 75 age groups and female age group between 25 and 44 years old (probably related to pregnancies). A conceptual model was used to identify factors in the food chain as potential drivers for L. monocytogenes contamination of RTE foods and listeriosis. Factors were related to the host (i. population size of the elderly and/or susceptible people; ii. underlying condition rate), the food (iii. L. monocytogenes prevalence in RTE food at retail; iv. L. monocytogenes concentration in RTE food at retail; v. storage conditions after retail; vi. consumption), the national surveillance systems (vii. improved surveillance), and/or the bacterium (viii. virulence). Factors considered likely to be responsible for the increasing trend in cases are the increased population size of the elderly and susceptible population except for the 25-44 female age group. For the increased incidence rates and cases, the likely factor is the increased proportion of susceptible persons in the age groups over 45 years old for both genders. Quantitative modelling suggests that more than 90% of invasive listeriosis is caused by ingestion of RTE food containing > 2,000 colony forming units (CFU)/g, and that one-third of cases are due to growth in the consumer phase. Awareness should be increased among stakeholders, especially in relation to susceptible risk groups. Innovative methodologies including whole genome sequencing (WGS) for strain identification and monitoring of trends are recommended.
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NicAogáin K, O’Byrne CP. The Role of Stress and Stress Adaptations in Determining the Fate of the Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in the Food Chain. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1865. [PMID: 27933042 PMCID: PMC5120093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is a highly adaptable organism that can persist in a wide range of environmental and food-related niches. The consumption of contaminated ready-to-eat foods can cause infections, termed listeriosis, in vulnerable humans, particularly those with weakened immune systems. Although these infections are comparatively rare they are associated with high mortality rates and therefore this pathogen has a significant impact on food safety. L. monocytogenes can adapt to and survive a wide range of stress conditions including low pH, low water activity, and low temperature, which makes it problematic for food producers who rely on these stresses for preservation. Stress tolerance in L. monocytogenes can be explained partially by the presence of the general stress response (GSR), a transcriptional response under the control of the alternative sigma factor sigma B (σB) that reconfigures gene transcription to provide homeostatic and protective functions to cope with the stress. Within the host σB also plays a key role in surviving the harsh conditions found in the gastrointestinal tract. As the infection progresses beyond the GI tract L. monocytogenes uses an intracellular infectious cycle to propagate, spread and remain protected from the host's humoral immunity. Many of the virulence genes that facilitate this infectious cycle are under the control of a master transcriptional regulator called PrfA. In this review we consider the environmental reservoirs that enable L. monocytogenes to gain access to the food chain and discuss the stresses that the pathogen must overcome to survive and grow in these environments. The overlap that exists between stress tolerance and virulence is described. We review the principal measures that are used to control the pathogen and point to exciting new approaches that might provide improved means of control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conor P. O’Byrne
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, College of Science, National University of IrelandGalway, Ireland
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19
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Pilchová T, Pilet MF, Cappelier JM, Pazlarová J, Tresse O. Protective Effect of Carnobacterium spp. against Listeria monocytogenes during Host Cell Invasion Using In vitro HT29 Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:88. [PMID: 27617232 PMCID: PMC4999452 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of listeriosis results mainly from the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to attach, invade, replicate and survive within various cell types in mammalian tissues. In this work, the effect of two bacteriocin-producing Carnobacterium (C. divergens V41 and C. maltaromaticum V1) and three non-bacteriocinogenic strains: (C. divergens V41C9, C. divergens 2763, and C. maltaromaticum 2762) was investigated on the reduction of L. monocytogenes Scott A plaque-forming during human infection using the HT-29 in vitro model. All Carnobacteria tested resulted in a reduction in the epithelial cell invasion caused by L. monocytogenes Scott A. To understand better the mechanism underlying the level of L. monocytogenes infection inhibition by Carnobacteria, infection assays from various pretreatments of Carnobacteria were assessed. The results revealed the influence of bacteriocin production combined with a passive mechanism of mammalian cell monolayers protection by Carnobacteria. These initial results showing a reduction in L. monocytogenes virulence on epithelial cells by Carnobacteria would be worthwhile analyzing further as a promising probiotic tool for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Pilchová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic
- UMR1014 SECALIM, INRA, OnirisNantes, France
| | | | | | - Jarmila Pazlarová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic
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Borch-Pedersen K, Lindbäck T, Madslien EH, Kidd SW, O'Sullivan K, Granum PE, Aspholm M. The Cooperative and Interdependent Roles of GerA, GerK, and Ynd in Germination of Bacillus licheniformis Spores. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4279-4287. [PMID: 27208128 PMCID: PMC4959183 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00594-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED When nutrients are scarce, Bacillus species form metabolically dormant and extremely resistant spores that enable survival over long periods of time under conditions not permitting growth. The presence of specific nutrients triggers spore germination through interaction with germinant receptors located in the spore's inner membrane. Bacillus licheniformis is a biotechnologically important species, but it is also associated with food spoilage and food-borne disease. The B. licheniformis ATCC 14580/DSM13 genome exhibits three gerA family operons (gerA, gerK, and ynd) encoding germinant receptors. We show that spores of B. licheniformis germinate efficiently in response to a range of different single l-amino acid germinants, in addition to a weak germination response seen with d-glucose. Mutational analyses revealed that the GerA and Ynd germination receptors function cooperatively in triggering an efficient germination response with single l-amino acid germinants, whereas the GerK germination receptor is essential for germination with d-glucose. Mutant spores expressing only GerA and GerK or only Ynd and GerK show reduced or severely impaired germination responses, respectively, with single l-amino acid germinants. Neither GerA nor Ynd could function alone in stimulating spore germination. Together, these results functionally characterize the germination receptor operons present in B. licheniformis We demonstrate the overlapping germinant recognition patterns of the GerA and Ynd germination receptors and the cooperative functionalities between GerA, Ynd, and GerK in inducing germination. IMPORTANCE To ensure safe food production and durable foods, there is an obvious need for more knowledge on spore-forming bacteria. It is the process of spore germination that ultimately leads to food spoilage and food poisoning. Bacillus licheniformis is a biotechnologically important species that is also associated with food spoilage and food-borne disease. Despite its importance, the mechanisms of spore germination are poorly characterized in this species. This study provides novel knowledge on germination of B. licheniformis spores. We characterize the germinant recognition profiles of the three germinant receptors present in B. licheniformis spores and demonstrate that the GerA germinant receptor cooperates with the Ynd and GerK germinant receptors to enable an effective germination response to l-amino acids. We also demonstrate that GerK is required for germination in response to the single germinant glucose. This study demonstrates the complex interactions between germinant receptors necessary for efficient germination of B. licheniformis spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Borch-Pedersen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toril Lindbäck
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth H Madslien
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt FFI, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Shani W Kidd
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin O'Sullivan
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Einar Granum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Aspholm
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Hadjilouka A, Molfeta C, Panagiotopoulou O, Paramithiotis S, Mataragas M, Drosinos EH. Expression of Listeria monocytogenes key virulence genes during growth in liquid medium, on rocket and melon at 4, 10 and 30 °C. Food Microbiol 2016; 55:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Hadjilouka A, Nikolidakis K, Paramithiotis S, H. Drosinos E. Effect of co-culture with enterocinogenic E. faecium on L. monocytogenes key virulence gene expression. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Kanki M, Naruse H, Taguchi M, Kumeda Y. Characterization of specific alleles in InlA and PrfA of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods in Osaka, Japan and their ability to invade Caco-2 cells. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 211:18-22. [PMID: 26143289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes expresses the surface protein internalin A (InlA), enabling the invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells to cause severe food-borne diseases. Full-length sequence analysis of inlA of 114 food isolates resulted in the detection of 29 isolates with a premature stop codon (PMSC) mutation and 6 isolates with 3-codon deletion mutations (aa 738 to 740) in inlA. The isolates with inlA PMSCs demonstrated a significantly lower level of invasion than the other food isolates in a Caco-2 cell invasion assay (P<0.01), but the isolates with the 3-codon deletion exhibited invasion comparable to the isolates with non-truncated InlA (P>0.05). According to analysis of the positive regulatory factor A (PrfA) sequences of 114 L. monocytogenes isolates, 7 isolates of serotype 1/2a from chicken samples contained a PrfA protein with a 5-nucleotide deletion from 712 to 716, including a stop codon. Although the isolates with a 5-nucleotide deletion in prfA demonstrated invasion comparable to the isolates with non-truncated InlA and PrfA after growth at 30 °C (P>0.05), they exhibited a significantly higher level of invasion than the other isolates after growth at 20 °C (P<0.01). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of L. monocytogenes isolates with the stop-codon deletion of PrfA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kanki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Hisayo Naruse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Masumi Taguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Yuko Kumeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
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Cocolin L, Ercolini D. Zooming into food-associated microbial consortia: a ‘cultural’ evolution. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Differential gene expression profiling of Listeria monocytogenes in Cacciatore and Felino salami to reveal potential stress resistance biomarkers. Food Microbiol 2015; 46:408-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Proteomic Differences between Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Food and Clinical Environments. Pathogens 2014; 3:920-33. [PMID: 25513735 PMCID: PMC4282892 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an organism associated with a wide range of foods. It causes listeriosis, a severe illness that mainly affects people with weakened immune systems. Proteomic profiles of three different L. monocytogenes isolates were studied using 1D SDS PAGE, 2DE and mass spectrometry. The protein banding patterns generated by 1D SDS PAGE of three strains of L. monocytogenes were found to be similar. Visual observations from 2DE gel maps revealed that certain spots appeared to have intensity differences. Key differences in proteins synthesis of three strains of L. monocytogenes were found using the PDQest TM 2DE Analysis software. Comparison showed that the clinical isolate (strain SB92/844) had 53.4% and 53.9% protein profile similarity with dairy isolate (strain V7) and seafood isolate (SB92/870), respectively. The identity of selected protein spots was achieved using MALDI-TOF and ion trap mass spectrometry. It was found that certain identified proteins (i.e., a major cold shock protein and superoxide dismutase) were expressed differently between two local strains of L. monocytogenes (SB92/844, SB92/870) and one strain from overseas (V7).
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Cabrita P, Trigo MJ, Ferreira RB, Brito L. Is the exoproteome important for bacterial pathogenesis? Lessons learned from interstrain exoprotein diversity in Listeria monocytogenes grown at different temperatures. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:553-69. [PMID: 25127015 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial exoproteomes vary in composition and quantity among species and within each species, depending on the environmental conditions to which the cells are exposed. This article critically reviews the literature available on exoproteins synthesized by the foodborne pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes grown at different temperatures. The main challenges posed for exoproteome analyses and the strategies that are being used to overcome these constraints are discussed. Over thirty exoproteins from L. monocytogenes are considered, and the multifunctionality of some of them is discussed. Thus, at the host temperature of 37°C, good examples are provided by Lmo0443, a potential marker for low virulence, and by the virulence factors internalin C (InlC) and listeriolysin O (LLO). Based on the reported LLO-induced mucin exocytosis, a model is proposed for the involvement of extracellular LLO in optimizing the conditions for InlC intervention in the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. At lower growth temperatures, exoproteins such as flagellin (FlaA) and oligopeptide permease (OppA) may explain the persistence of particular strains in the food industry environment, eventually allowing the development of new tools to eradicate L. monocytogenes, a major concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cabrita
- 1 CBAA/DRAT-Departamento dos Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal
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Madslien EH, Granum PE, Blatny JM, Lindbäck T. L-alanine-induced germination in Bacillus licheniformis -the impact of native gerA sequences. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:101. [PMID: 24755193 PMCID: PMC4021175 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-alanine, acting through the GerA receptor, was recently found to be an efficient germinant in Bacillus licheniformis ATCC14580/DSM13. RESULTS In this study, we show that several of 46 examined B. licheniformis strains germinate remarkably slower than the type strain when exposed to L-alanine. These strains are not necessarily closely related, as determined by MLST (multi-locus sequence typing). Three of the slow-germinating strains were further examined in order to see whether nucleotide substitutions in the gerA sequences were responsible for the slow L-alanine germination. This was performed by complementing the transformable type strain derivate MW3ΔgerAA with gerA variants from the three slow-germinating strains; NVH1032, NVH1112 and NVH800. CONCLUSIONS A wide selection of B. licheniformis strains was evaluated for L-alanine-induced germination efficiency. Our results show that gerA substitutions could only partially explain why spores of some B. licheniformis strains responded slower than others in the presence of L-alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toril Lindbäck
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P, O, Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Use of used vs. fresh cheese brines and the effect of pH and salt concentration on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes. J DAIRY RES 2014; 81:113-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate how the use of fresh cheese brines compared with used brines and various combinations of pH and NaCl concentrations affected the survival of Listeria monocytogenes. Cheese brines from five Norwegian small scale cheese producers were analysed and showed great variations in pH (4·54–6·01) and NaCl concentrations (14·1–26·9 %). The survival of five strains of List. monocytogenes (two clinical isolates, two food isolates and one animal isolate) in four different cheese brines (three used and one fresh) was investigated. Results showed significant differences in survival both depending on the strains and the brines. Strains of human outbreak listeriosis cases showed greater ability to survive in the brines compared with food isolates and a List. monocytogenes reference strain (1–2 log10 difference after 200 d). All strains showed highest survival in the freshly prepared brine compared with the used brines. Molecular typing by multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) showed that there were no detectable alterations in the examined variable number tandem repeats of the genome in five strains after 200 d storage in any of the salt brines. Combined effects of pH (4·5, 5·25 and 6·0) and NaCl (15, 20 and 25 %) in fresh, filter sterilised brines on the survival of List. monocytogenes were examined and results showed that pathogen populations decreased over time in all brines. Death rates at any given NaCl concentration were highest at low pH (4·5) and death rates at any given pH were highest at low NaCl concentrations (15 %). In conclusion, the use of used brines reduced the survival of List. monocytogenes and a combination of low pH (4·5) and low salt concentrations (15 %) decreased the risk of List. monocytogenes survival compared with higher pH (5·25 or 6·0) and higher NaCl concentrations (20 or 25 %).
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The effect of milk components and storage conditions on the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes as determined by a Caco-2 cell assay. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effect of Bacteriocins and Conditions that Mimic Food and Digestive Tract on Biofilm Formation, In Vitro Invasion of Eukaryotic Cells and Internalin Gene Expression by Listeria monocytogenes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2013; 5:153-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Alessandria V, Rantsiou K, Dolci P, Zeppa G, Cocolin L. A comparison of gene expression ofListeria monocytogenes in vitroand in the soft cheese Crescenza. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Alessandria
- DIVAPRA; Sector of Agricultural Microbiology and Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- DIVAPRA; Sector of Agricultural Microbiology and Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Paola Dolci
- DIVAPRA; Sector of Agricultural Microbiology and Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zeppa
- DIVAPRA; Sector of Agricultural Microbiology and Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- DIVAPRA; Sector of Agricultural Microbiology and Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
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RANTSIOU KALLIOPI, MATARAGAS MARIOS, ALESSANDRIA VALENTINA, COCOLIN LUCA. EXPRESSION OF VIRULENCE GENES OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN FOOD. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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Rantsiou K, Mataragas M, Jespersen L, Cocolin L. Understanding the behavior of foodborne pathogens in the food chain: New information for risk assessment analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Rantsiou K, Greppi A, Garosi M, Acquadro A, Mataragas M, Cocolin L. Strain dependent expression of stress response and virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes in meat juices as determined by microarray. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 152:116-22. [PMID: 21924790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A subgenomic array, encompassing 54 probes targeting genes responsible for virulence, adhesion and stress response in Listeria monocytogenes, was used in order to study their expression in food systems. RNA extracted from L. monocytogenes inoculated in BHI and in situ (i.e. in minced meat and fermented sausage juices) and incubated at 4°C, was hybridized on the array and the results obtained were compared in order to understand the effect that the food juice has on the expression. Three different strains of L. monocytogenes were tested, in order to determine the effect of the strain provenience. As determined by cluster analysis, each strain behaved in a different way when inoculated in food juices. The goal was to respond to acidic and osmotic stresses encountered in the food, particularly in the fermented sausage juice. No differences in the expression profile between the three strains were observed, when they were inoculated in BHI. On the other hand, in the meat and sausage juices, the iap, gadC and gadE genes, together with different internalin encoding genes, were significantly differentially expressed in the three strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Dipartimento di Valorizzazione e Protezione delle Risorse Agroforestali, Section of Agricultural Microbiology and Food Technology, Facoltà di Agraria, Università di Torino, Italy.
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Invasiveness of Listeria monocytogenes strains of Caco-2 cells in response to a period of extreme salt stress reflecting salt-curing and rehydration of cod (Gadus morhua L.). Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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