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Guan B, Hong H, Kim M, Lu J, Moore MD. Evaluating the Potential of Ozone Microbubbles for Inactivation of Tulane Virus, a Human Norovirus Surrogate. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23184-23192. [PMID: 38854534 PMCID: PMC11154720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of low-dose ozone microbubble solution and conventional aqueous ozone as inactivation agents against Tulane virus samples in water over a short period of time. Noroviruses are the primary cause of foodborne illnesses in the US, and the development of effective inactivation agents is crucial. Ozone has a high oxidizing ability and naturally decomposes to oxygen, but it has limitations due to its low dissolution rate, solubility, and stability. Ozone microbubbles have been promising in enhancing inactivation, but little research has been done on their efficacy against noroviruses. The study examined the influence of the dissolved ozone concentration, inactivation duration, and presence of organic matter during inactivation. The results showed that ozone microbubbles had a longer half-life (14 ± 0.81 min) than aqueous ozone (3 ± 0.35 min). After 2, 10, and 20 min postgeneration, the ozone concentration of microbubbles naturally decreased from 4 ppm to 3.2 ± 0.2, 2.26 ± 0.19, and 1.49 ± 0.23 ppm and resulted in 1.43 ± 0.44, 0.88 ± 0.5, and 0.68 ± 0.53 log10 viral reductions, respectively, while the ozone concentration of aqueous ozone decreased from 4 ppm to 2.52 ± 0.07, 0.43 ± 0.05, and 0.09 ± 0.01 ppm and produced 0.8 ± 0.28, 0.29 ± 0.41, and 0.16 ± 0.21 log10 reductions against Tulane virus, respectively (p = 0.0526), suggesting that structuring of ozone in the bubbles over the applied treatment conditions did not have a significant effect, though future study with continuous generation of ozone microbubbles is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhong Guan
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Haknyeong Hong
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jiakai Lu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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2
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de Souza Grilo MM, Schaffner DW, Tavares da Silva R, Saraiva KLA, Carvalho RDSF, Bovo F, de Souza Pedrosa GT, Magnani M. Ozone and photodynamic inactivation of norovirus surrogate bacteriophage MS2 in fresh Brazilian berries and surfaces. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104453. [PMID: 38225042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of ozone (bubble diffusion in water; 6.25 ppm) and photodynamic inactivation (PDT) using curcumin (75 μM) as photosensitizer (LED emission 430-470 nm; 33.6 mW/cm2 irradiance; 16.1, 20.2, and 24.2 J/cm2 light dose) against the Norovirus surrogate bacteriophage MS2 in Brazilian berries (black mulberry and pitanga) and surfaces (glass and stainless steel). Contaminated berries and surfaces were immersed in ozonized water or exposed to PDT-curcumin for different time intervals. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess the effects of the treatments on MS2 viral particles. The MS2 inactivation by ozone and PDT-curcumin varied with the fruit and the surface tested. Ozone reduced the MS2 titer up to 3.6 log PFU/g in black mulberry and 4.1 log PFU/g in pitanga. On surfaces, the MS2 reduction by ozone reached 3.6 and 4.8 log PFU/cm2 on glass and stainless steel, respectively. PDT-curcumin reduced the MS2 3.2 and 4.8 log PFU/g in black mulberry and pitanga and 2.7 and 3.3 log PFU/cm2 on glass and stainless steel, respectively. MS2 particles were disintegrated by exposure of MS2 to ozone and PDT-curcumin on pitanga. Results can contribute to establishing effective practices for controlling NoV in fruits and surfaces, estimated based on MS2 bacteriophage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mayara de Souza Grilo
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Donald W Schaffner
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ruthchelly Tavares da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Bovo
- Uniararas - Hermínio Ometto Foundation University Center, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, 13607-339, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geany Targino de Souza Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Han S, Hyun SW, Son JW, Song MS, Lim DJ, Choi C, Park SH, Ha SD. Innovative nonthermal technologies for inactivation of emerging foodborne viruses. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3395-3421. [PMID: 37288815 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various foodborne viruses have been associated with human health during the last decade, causing gastroenteritis and a huge economic burden worldwide. Furthermore, the emergence of new variants of infectious viruses is growing continuously. Inactivation of foodborne viruses in the food industry is a formidable task because although viruses cannot grow in foods, they can survive in the food matrix during food processing and storage environments. Conventional inactivation methods pose various drawbacks, necessitating more effective and environmentally friendly techniques for controlling foodborne viruses during food production and processing. Various inactivation approaches for controlling foodborne viruses have been attempted in the food industry. However, some traditionally used techniques, such as disinfectant-based or heat treatment, are not always efficient. Nonthermal techniques are considered a new platform for effective and safe treatment to inactivate foodborne viruses. This review focuses on foodborne viruses commonly associated with human gastroenteritis, including newly emerged viruses, such as sapovirus and Aichi virus. It also investigates the use of chemical and nonthermal physical treatments as effective technologies to inactivate foodborne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangha Han
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Hyun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Son
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Song
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jae Lim
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Donato GG, Appino S, Bertero A, Poletto ML, Nebbia P, Robino P, Varello K, Bozzetta E, Vincenti L, Nervo T. Safety and Effects of a Commercial Ozone Foam Preparation on Endometrial Environment and Fertility of Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104222. [PMID: 36623580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mares' subfertility represents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and both clinical and subclinical endometritis are considered major causes of impaired fertility. Thanks to its properties, ozone has a big potential as a treatment for equine endometritis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the safety and the effects on endometrium and reproductive parameters of mares of a commercial ozone foam preparation (Riger Spray®). Twenty-four mares were treated during estrus: ozone group with an intrauterine instillation of ozone foam preparation (OG, n=16) and control group with 20 ml of lactated Ringer's solution (CG, n=8). Samples for endometrial cytology were collected before the ozone treatment (T0), after 24 h (T1), after one week (T2), two weeks (T3), and when the subsequent estrous phase was detected (T4). Furthermore, samples for histological examination and uterine swab for bacteriological examination were collected at T0 and T4. At T1, a statistically significant increase of endometrial inflammation in the OG mares compared to T0 (P<.05) and to CG at same time point (P<.05) was observed, but it was already resolved at T2. No differences in endometrial inflammation in CG, biopsy grade before and after the treatment in the two groups, number of mares pregnant at the end of the season and number of mares pregnant at the first cycle were observed. However, the number of inseminations required for pregnancy tended to be lower (P=.0711) in the OG (1.69±0.06) than in CG mares (2.60±0.89).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Guido Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Appino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Leila Vincenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nervo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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Murashevych B, Stepanskyi D, Toropin V, Mironenko A, Maslak H, Burmistrov K, Teteriuk N. Virucidal properties of new multifunctional fibrous N-halamine-immobilized styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115221121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Virucidal properties of N-chlorosulfonamides immobilized on fibrous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers have been studied. Corresponding materials with different functional group structures and chlorine content have been synthesized on FIBAN polymer carriers in the form of staple fibers and non-woven fabrics. The study has been conducted in general accordance with EN 14476 standard on poliovirus type-1 and adenovirus type-5. It has been found that all tested samples exhibit pronounced virucidal activity: regardless of the carrier polymer form, sodium N-chlorosulfonamides inactivated both viruses in less than 30 s, and N,N-dichlorosulfonamides—in 30–60 s. The main mechanism of action of these materials, obviously, consists in the emission of active chlorine from the functional group into the treated medium under the action of the amino groups of virus fragments and cell culture. Considering the previously described antimicrobial and reparative properties of such materials, as well as their satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, the synthesized polymers are promising for the creation of medical devices with increased resistance to microbial contamination, such as protective masks, filter elements, long-acting wound dressings, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Murashevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Stepanskyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Toropin
- Department of Pharmacy and Technology of Organic Substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Alla Mironenko
- Department of Respiratory and Other Viral Infections, L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hanna Maslak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin Burmistrov
- Department of Pharmacy and Technology of Organic Substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Teteriuk
- Department of Respiratory and Other Viral Infections, L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Mortazavi M, Bains A, Afsah-Hejri L, Ehsani R, LiWang PJ. SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus persists on the surface of multiple produce but can be inactivated with gaseous ozone. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10280. [PMID: 35991981 PMCID: PMC9376980 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the immense societal and economic impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important priorities at this time. The global interconnectedness of the food industry makes it one of the biggest concerns for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Although fomites are currently considered a low-risk route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, new variants of the virus can potentially alter the transmission dynamics. In this study, we compared the survival rate of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 on plastic with some commonly used food samples (i.e., apple, strawberry, grapes, tomato, cucumber, lettuce, parsley, Brazil nut, almond, cashew, and hazelnut). The porosity level and the chemical composition of different food products affect the virus's stability and infectivity. Our results showed that tomato, cucumber, and apple offer a higher survival rate for the pseudotyped viruses. Next, we explored the effectiveness of ozone in deactivating the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus on the surface of tomato, cucumber, and apple. We found that the virus was effectively inactivated after being exposed to 15 ppm of ozone for 1 h under ambient conditions. SEM imaging revealed that while ozone exposure altered the wax layer on the surface of produce, it did not seem to damage the cells and their biological structures. The results of our study indicate that ozonated air can likely provide a convenient method of effectively disinfecting bulk food shipments that may harbour the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Mortazavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Arjan Bains
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Leili Afsah-Hejri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Reza Ehsani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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7
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Effects of gaseous ozone treatment on the quality and microbial community of salmon (Salmo salar) during cold storage. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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IRIE MS, DIETRICH L, SOUZA GLD, SOARES PBF, MOURA CCG, SILVA GRD, PARANHOS LR. Ozone disinfection for viruses with applications in healthcare environments: a scoping review. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e006. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia DIETRICH
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
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Stolle L, Nalamasu R, Rodenbeck R, Davidson K, Smarelli C, Rosko S, Wales J, LeQuang JAK, Pergolizzi J. Ozone: A Novel Sterilizer for Personal Protective Equipment. Cureus 2021; 13:e18228. [PMID: 34722033 PMCID: PMC8544639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is urgently sought during public health crises. It is necessary for the safety of both the patient and the healthcare professional. Yet during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, PPE scarcity in many countries, including the United States, has impacted the level of care for patients and the safety of healthcare personnel. Additionally, the implementation of mandatory mask mandates for the general public in many countries forced individuals to either reuse PPE, which can contribute to poor hygiene, or buy PPE in bulk and thereby contribute to the scarcity of PPE. In this study, we investigate the possibility of using a cost-effective ozone sterilization unit on contaminated N95 masks as an alternative to current sterilization methods. Method: This protocol examined ozone’s ability to decontaminate N95 mask fabric that was exposed to a surrogate virus (Escherichia coli bacteriophage MS2). Once the sterilization unit achieves an ozone concentration of ~30 ppm, a 60-minute or 120-minute sterilization cycle commences. Following the sterilization cycle, we investigated the amount of viable virus on the slide using a viral plaque assay and compared it to a non-sterilized, control slide. Furthermore, we carried out trials to investigate the safety of an ozone sterilization device, by measuring the levels of ozone exposure that individuals may experience when operating the sterilization unit post-cycle. Results: We showed that a 120-minute sterilization cycle at ~30 ppm achieves a 3-log reduction in viral activity, thereby complying with industry and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. Further, we demonstrated that when following our protocol, the ozone exposure levels for a simple sterilization unit to be used at home complied with federal and industry standards. Conclusion: Ozone may have the potential to decontaminate masks and other PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Stolle
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, GBR
| | - Rohit Nalamasu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | | | - Kyle Davidson
- Research, Delta Faucet Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Scot Rosko
- Research, Delta Faucet Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Josh Wales
- Research, Delta Faucet Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Bayarri B, Cruz-Alcalde A, López-Vinent N, Micó MM, Sans C. Can ozone inactivate SARS-CoV-2? A review of mechanisms and performance on viruses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125658. [PMID: 33752085 PMCID: PMC7955572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has challenged societies around the globe. Technologies based on ozone, a powerful oxidant, have been evaluated to inactivate this virus in aerosols and fomites. However, the high data diversity hinders the possibility of establishing a common ground for determining best practices for the use of these technologies. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding which are the main mechanisms of ozone virus inactivation. This critical review examined the most relevant information available regarding ozone application in gas-phase for different viruses inactivation (including recent publications dealing with SARS-CoV-2), and pointed towards envelope alteration as the main reaction pathway for enveloped viruses, such as is the case of SARS-CoV-2. It could also be concluded that gaseous ozone can be indeed an effective disinfectant, successfully inactivating viruses such us influenza A H1N1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 or even SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols or fomites. In reviewed works, low ozone exposures, just around 0.1-0.4 mg L-1 min, achieve about 4 log10 of inactivation in aerosols, while exposures between 1 and 4 mg L-1 min may be needed to guarantee an inactivation of 3-4 log10 in different fomites. Although further studies are required, ozone is an effective candidate to be used against SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses in surfaces and indoor locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardí Bayarri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria López-Vinent
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María M Micó
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Sans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Fan X. Gaseous ozone to preserve quality and enhance microbial safety of fresh produce: Recent developments and research needs. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4993-5014. [PMID: 34323365 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are highly perishable and are subject to large postharvest losses due to physiological (senescence), pathologic (decay), and physical (mechanical damage) factors. In addition, contamination of fresh produce with foodborne human pathogens has become a concern. Gaseous ozone has multiple benefits including destruction of ethylene, inactivation of foodborne and spoilage microorganisms, and degradation of chemical residues. This article reviews the beneficial effects of gaseous ozone, its influence on quality and biochemical changes, foodborne human pathogens, and spoilage microorganisms, and discusses research needs with an emphasis on fruits. Ozone may induce synthesis of a number of antioxidants and bioactive compounds by activating secondary metabolisms involving a wide range of enzymes. Disparities exist in the literature regarding the impact of gaseous ozone on quality and physiological processes of fresh produce, such as weight loss, ascorbic acid, and fruit ripening. The disparities are complicated by incomplete reporting of the necessary information, such as relative humidity and temperatures at which ozone measurement and treatment were performed, which is needed for accurate comparison of results among studies. In order to fully realize the benefits of gaseous ozone, research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of gaseous ozone in inhibiting ripening, influence of relative humidity on the antimicrobial efficacy, interaction between ozone and the cuticle of fresh produce, ozone signaling pathways in the cells and tissues, and so forth. Possible adverse effects of gaseous ozone on quality of fresh produce also need to be carefully evaluated for the purpose of enhancing microbial and chemical safety of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Fan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Blanco A, Ojembarrena FDB, Clavo B, Negro C. Ozone potential to fight against SAR-COV-2 pandemic: facts and research needs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16517-16531. [PMID: 33389580 PMCID: PMC7778500 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The greatest challenge the world is facing today is to win the battle against COVID-19 pandemic as soon as possible. Until a vaccine is available, personal protection, social distancing, and disinfection are the main tools against SARS-CoV-2. Although it is quite infectious, the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself is an enveloped virus that is relatively fragile because its protective fatty layer is sensitive to heat, ultraviolet radiation, and certain chemicals. However, heat and liquid treatments can damage some materials, and ultraviolet light is not efficient in shaded areas, so other disinfection alternatives are required to allow safe re-utilization of materials and spaces. As of this writing, evidences are still accumulating for the use of ozone gas as a disinfectant for sanitary materials and ambient disinfection in indoor areas. This paper reviews the most relevant results of virus disinfection by the application of gaseous ozone. The review covers disinfection treatments of both air and surfaces carried out in different volumes, which varies from small boxes and controlled chambers to larger rooms, as a base to develop future ozone protocols against COVID-19. Published papers have been critically analyzed to evaluate trends in the required ozone dosages, as a function of relative humidity (RH), contact time, and viral strains. The data have been classified depending on the disinfection objective and the volume and type of the experimental set-up. Based on these data, conservative dosages and times to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 are estimated. In small chambers, 10-20 mg ozone/m3 over 10 to 50 min can be sufficient to significantly reduce the virus load of personal protection equipment. In large rooms, 30 to 50 mg ozone/m3 would be required for treatments of 20-30 min. Maximum antiviral activity of ozone is achieved at high humidity, while the same ozone concentrations under low RH could result inefficient. At these ozone levels, safety protocols must be strictly followed. These data can be used for reducing significantly the viral load although for assuring a safe disinfection, the effective dosages under different conditions need to be confirmed with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Blanco
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco de Borja Ojembarrena
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardino Clavo
- Research Unit, Chronic Pain Unit, Dr. Negrín University Hospital, Calle Barranco de la Ballena, s/n, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlos Negro
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Shearer AEH, Kniel KE. Effect of Plant-Derived Proteases on Infectivity of Tulane Virus, Murine Norovirus, and Hepatitis A Virus. J Food Prot 2021; 84:418-423. [PMID: 33125048 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plant-derived proteases, bromelain, papain, and ficin, are broad-acting enzymes with generally recognized as safe status for foods and have current application in several food industries. These proteases have also been reported to have antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the efficacy of commercially prepared bromelain, papain, and ficin, individually and combined (2,500 ppm of crude extract), for inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus surrogates, Tulane virus (TV), and murine norovirus (MNV). Various treatment temperatures (45, 50, or 55°C), times (10 or 60 min), and pH values (5.5 or 7.0) in the presence of cysteine (2 mM) were evaluated. Inactivation was assessed by infectivity in plaque assay for TV and MNV and by median tissue culture infective dose for HAV. No reduction in infectious TV or HAV was attributed to the plant-derived proteases at any of the conditions tested. Infectious MNV was reduced by 1 to 3 log PFU/mL; the most effective treatment was bromelain at pH 7 and 50°C for 10 min. A time course study with MNV in bromelain at 50°C indicated that a 2-log PFU/mL reduction could be achieved within 6 min, but extended treatment of 15 min was still insufficient to eliminate infectious MNV. The lack of or limited efficacy of bromelain, papain, and ficin on HAV, TV, and MNV, even at elevated temperatures and exposure times, suggests the plant-derived proteases are not commercially applicable for inactivation of virus on commodities or materials that could not also withstand mild heat treatment. The variable susceptibilities observed between TV and MNV illustrate limitations in utilization of surrogates for predicting pathogen behavior for a structure-specific treatment. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E H Shearer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Kalmia E Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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14
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Masotti F, Cattaneo S, Stuknytė M, Pica V, De Noni I. Transmission routes, preventive measures and control strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the food factory. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4821-4831. [PMID: 33527848 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus represents a health threat in food factories. This infectious virus is transmitted by direct contact and indirectly via airborne route, whereas contamination through inanimate objects/surfaces/equipment is uncertain. To limit the potential spread of the pathogen in the food industry, close working between individuals should be avoided and both personal and respiratory hygiene activities should be enforced. Despite the high infectivity, SARS-CoV-2, being an enveloped virus with a fragile lipid envelop, is sensitive to biocidal products and sanitizers commonly used in the food factory. In the context of the building design, interventions that promote healthy air quality should be adopted, especially in food areas with high-occupancy rates for prolonged times, to help minimize the potential exposure to airborne SARS-CoV-2. Air ventilation and filtration provided by heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, are effective and easy-to-organize tools to reduce the risk of transmission through the air. In addition to conventional sanitation protocols, aerosolization of hydrogen peroxide, UV-C irradiation or in-situ ozone generation are complementary techniques for an effective virucidal treatment of the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Masotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Milda Stuknytė
- Unitech COSPECT - University Technological Platforms Office, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pica
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Chen X, Liu B, Chen Q, Liu Y, Duan X. Application of combining ozone and UV-C sterilizations in the artificial drying of persimmon fruits. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Rowell CER, Dobrovolny HM. Energy Requirements for Loss of Viral Infectivity. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:281-294. [PMID: 32757142 PMCID: PMC7405386 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Outside the host, viruses will eventually lose their ability to infect cells due to conformational changes that occur to proteins on the viral capsid. In order to undergo a conformational change, these proteins require energy to activate the chemical reaction that leads to the conformational change. In this study, data from the literature is used to calculate the energy required for viral inactivation for a variety of different viruses by means of the Arrhenius equation. We find that some viruses (rhinovirus, poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus, and hepatitis A virus) have high inactivation energies, indicative of breaking of a chemical double bond. We also find that several viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, poliovirus, and norovirus) have nonlinear Arrhenius plots, suggesting that there is more than a single pathway for inactivation of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E R Rowell
- Department of Chemistry, Wingate University, Hendersonville, NC, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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17
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Gobeil A, Maherani B, Lacroix M. Norovirus elimination on the surface of fresh foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1822-1837. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1848784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gobeil
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Centre, Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Behnoush Maherani
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Centre, Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Monique Lacroix
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Centre, Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval, Québec, Canada
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18
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Dubuis ME, Dumont-Leblond N, Laliberté C, Veillette M, Turgeon N, Jean J, Duchaine C. Ozone efficacy for the control of airborne viruses: Bacteriophage and norovirus models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231164. [PMID: 32275685 PMCID: PMC7147755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to test the efficacy of an air treatment using ozone and relative humidity (RH) for the inactivation of airborne viruses. Four phages (φX174, PR772, MS2 and φ6) and one eukaryotic virus (murine norovirus MNV-1) were exposed to low ozone concentrations (1.23 ppm for phages and 0.23 ppm for MNV-1) and various levels of RH for 10 to 70 minutes. The inactivation of these viruses was then assessed to determine which of the tested conditions provided the greatest reduction in virus infectivity. An inactivation of at least two orders of magnitude for φX174, MS2 and MNV-1 was achieved with an ozone exposure of 40 minutes at 85% RH. For PR772 and φ6, exposure to the reference condition at 20% RH for 10 minutes yielded the same results. These findings suggest that ozone used at a low concentration is a powerful disinfectant for airborne viruses when combined with a high RH. Air treatment could therefore be implemented inside hospital rooms ventilated naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Dubuis
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathan Dumont-Leblond
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Laliberté
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Turgeon
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Jean
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Manoli K, Maffettone R, Sharma VK, Santoro D, Ray AK, Passalacqua KD, Carnahan KE, Wobus CE, Sarathy S. Inactivation of Murine Norovirus and Fecal Coliforms by Ferrate(VI) in Secondary Effluent Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1878-1888. [PMID: 31886654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42, Fe(VI)) is an emerging oxidant/disinfectant to treat a wide range of contaminants and microbial pollutants in wastewater. This study describes the inactivation of murine norovirus (MNV) by Fe(VI) in phosphate buffer (PB) and secondary effluent wastewater (SEW). The decay of Fe(VI) had second-order kinetics in PB while Fe(VI) underwent an initial demand followed by first-order decay kinetics in SEW. The Chick-Watson inactivation kinetic model, based on integral CT (ICT) dose, well fitted the inactivation of MNV in both PB and SEW. In PB, the values of the inactivation rate constant (kd) decreased with an increase in pH, which was related to the reaction of protonated Fe(VI) species (HFeO4-) with MNV. Higher kd was observed in SEW than in PB. The inactivation of indigenous fecal coliforms (FC) in SEW was also measured. A two-population double-exponential model that accounted for both dispersed and particle-associated FC well fitted the inactivation data with determined kd and particle-associated inactivation rate constant (kp). Results show that Fe(VI) was more effective in inactivating dispersed FC than MNV. The MNV inactivation results obtained herein, coupled with the detailed modeling, provide important information in designing an Fe(VI) wastewater disinfection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Manoli
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario N6A5B9 , Canada
- Trojan Technologies , London , Ontario N5V4T7 , Canada
| | - Roberta Maffettone
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario N6A5B9 , Canada
- Trojan Technologies , London , Ontario N5V4T7 , Canada
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Texas A&M University , 212 Adriance Lab Road , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario N6A5B9 , Canada
- Trojan Technologies , London , Ontario N5V4T7 , Canada
| | - Ajay K Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario N6A5B9 , Canada
| | - Karla D Passalacqua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Kelly E Carnahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Siva Sarathy
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario N6A5B9 , Canada
- Trojan Technologies , London , Ontario N5V4T7 , Canada
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20
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Becker B, Dabisch-Ruthe M, Pfannebecker J. Inactivation of Murine Norovirus on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces by Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide. J Food Prot 2020; 83:45-51. [PMID: 31821018 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be utilized to inactivate murine norovirus (MNV), a surrogate of human norovirus, on surface areas. However, vapor phase H2O2 inactivation of virus on fruits and vegetables has not been characterized. In this study, MNV was used to determine whether vaporized H2O2 inactivates virus on surfaces of various fruits and vegetables (apples, blueberries, cucumbers, and strawberries). The effect of vapor phase H2O2 decontamination was investigated with two application systems. Plaque assays were performed after virus recovery from untreated and treated fresh produce to compare the quantity of infective MNV. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to the test results to evaluate the virus titer reductions of treated food samples, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. The infective MNV populations were significantly reduced on smooth surfaces by 4.3 log PFU (apples, P < 0.00001) and 4 log PFU or below the detection limit (blueberries, P = 0.0074) by treatment with vapor phase H2O2 (60 min, maximum of 214 ppm of H2O2). Similar treatments of artificially contaminated cucumbers resulted in a virus titer reduction of 1.9 log PFU. Treatment of inoculated strawberries resulted in 0.1- and 2.8-log reductions of MNV. However, MNV reduction rates on cucumbers (P = 0.3809) and strawberries (P = 0,7414) were not significant. Triangle tests and color measurements of untreated and treated apples, cucumbers, blueberries, and strawberries revealed no differences in color and consistency after H2O2 treatment. No increase of the H2O2 concentration in treated fruits and vegetables compared with untreated produce was observed. This study reveals for the first time the conditions under which vapor phase H2O2 inactivates MNV on selected fresh fruit and vegetable surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Becker
- Department of Life Science Technologies, Microbiology, OWL University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Campusallee 12, D-32657 Lemgo, Germany
| | - Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe
- Department of Life Science Technologies, Microbiology, OWL University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Campusallee 12, D-32657 Lemgo, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannebecker
- Department of Life Science Technologies, Microbiology, OWL University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Campusallee 12, D-32657 Lemgo, Germany
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21
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Pimenta AI, Margaça FM, Cabo Verde S. Virucidal activity of gamma radiation on strawberries and raspberries. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 304:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Lafarga T, Colás-Medà P, Abadías M, Aguiló-Aguayo I, Bobo G, Viñas I. Strategies to reduce microbial risk and improve quality of fresh and processed strawberries: A review. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Ailavadi S, Davidson PM, Morgan MT, D'Souza DH. Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Tulane Virus in Cell-Culture Medium and Spinach. J Food Sci 2019; 84:557-563. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Ailavadi
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Tennessee; 2605 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A
| | - P. Michael Davidson
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Tennessee; 2605 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A
| | - Mark T. Morgan
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Tennessee; 2605 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A
| | - Doris H. D'Souza
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Tennessee; 2605 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A
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24
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Song X, Sun L, Ning P, Wang C, Sun X, Yin L, Li K. Ozone generation mechanism over phosphorus and the impact of H 2O with density functional modeling. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02937k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The generation of P–O was a continuous process but was not conducive to generate O3 and a free O atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Lina Sun
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Ping Ning
- National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Chi Wang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Xin Sun
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Liangtao Yin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Kai Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
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25
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Kamarasu P, Hsu HY, Moore MD. Research Progress in Viral Inactivation Utilizing Human Norovirus Surrogates. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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26
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Zhou Z, Zuber S, Cantergiani F, Sampers I, Devlieghere F, Uyttendaele M. Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens and Their Surrogates on Fresh and Frozen Strawberries Using Gaseous Ozone. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Randazzo W, D'Souza DH, Sanchez G. Norovirus: The Burden of the Unknown. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 86:13-53. [PMID: 30077220 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HNoVs) are primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route, either by person-to-person contact, or by ingestion of contaminated food or water as well as by aerosolization. Moreover, HNoVs significantly contribute to foodborne diseases being the causative agent of one-fifth of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. As a consequence of globalization, transnational outbreaks of foodborne infections are reported with increasing frequency. Therefore, in this review, state-of-the-art information regarding molecular procedures for human norovirus detection in food as well common food processing technologies have been summarized. Besides, the purpose of this chapter is to consolidate basic information on various aspects of HNoVs and to summarize food processing technologies that can potentially be applied in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Randazzo
- IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Sheng L, Hanrahan I, Sun X, Taylor MH, Mendoza M, Zhu MJ. Survival of Listeria innocua on Fuji apples under commercial cold storage with or without low dose continuous ozone gaseous. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:21-28. [PMID: 30166144 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the fate of Listeria innocua, a non-pathogenic species closely related to Listeria monocytogenes, on Fuji apple fruit surfaces during commercial cold storage with and without continuous low doses of gaseous ozone. Unwaxed Fuji apples of commercially acceptable maturity were inoculated with 6.0-7.0 Log10 CFU L. innocua/apple, and subjected to refrigerated air (RA, 33 °F), controlled atmosphere (CA, 33 °F, 2% O2, 1% CO2), or CA with low doses of ozone gas (50.0 -87.0 ppb ) storage in a commercial facility for 30 weeks. A set of uninoculated apples was simultaneously subjected to the above storage conditions for total plate count and yeasts and molds enumeration. L. innocua survival under RA and CA storage was similar, which led to 2.5-3.0 Log10 CFU/apple reduction during storage. Continuous gaseous ozone application decreased L. innocua population on Fuji apples to ∼1.0 Log10 CFU/apple after 30-week storage, and suppressed apple native flora. CA storage delayed apple fruit ripening through reduction of apple firmness and titratable acidity loss, and low dose gaseous ozone application had no negative influence on apple visual quality, including both external and internal disorders. In summary, L. innocua decreased on Fuji apple surfaces during commercial long-term RA and CA storage. Ozone gas has the potential to be used as a supplemental intervention method to control Listeria spp. and to ensure fresh apple safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sheng
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States
| | - Ines Hanrahan
- Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, United States
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States
| | - Michael H Taylor
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States
| | - Manoella Mendoza
- Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States.
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29
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Lacombe A, Niemira BA, Gurtler JB, Kingsley DH, Li X, Chen H. Surfactant-Enhanced Organic Acid Inactivation of Tulane Virus, a Human Norovirus Surrogate. J Food Prot 2018; 81:279-283. [PMID: 29360400 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Combination treatments of surfactants and phenolic or short-chain organic acids (SCOA) may act synergistically or additively as sanitizers to inactive foodborne viruses and prevent outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gallic acid (GA), tannic acid, p-coumaric acid, lactic acid (LA), or acetic acid (AA), in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), against Tulane virus (TV), a surrogate for human norovirus. An aqueous stock solution of phenolic acids or SCOA with or without SDS was prepared and diluted in a twofold dilution series to 2× the desired concentration with cell growth media (M119 plus 10% fetal bovine serum). The solution was inoculated with an equal proportion of 6 log PFU/mL TV with a treatment time of 5 min. The survival of TV was quantified using a plaque assay with LLC-MK2 cells. The minimum virucidal concentration was 0.5:0.7% (v/v) for LA-SDS at pH 3.5 (4.5-PFU/mL reduction) and 0.5:0.7% (v/v) AA-SDS at pH 4.0 (2.6-log PFU/mL reduction). GA and SDS demonstrated a minimum virucidal concentration of 12.5 mM GA-SDS at pH 7.0 (0.2:0.3% GA-SDS) with an 0.8-log PFU/mL reduction and 50 mM GA-SDS (0.8:1.4% GA-SDS at pH 7.0) increased log reduction to 1.6 log PFU/mL. The combination treatments of AA or LA with SDS at pH 7.0 did not produce significant log reduction, nor did individual treatments of tannic acid, GA, p-coumaric acid, AA, LA, or SDS. This study demonstrates that a surfactant, such as SDS, aids in the phenolic acid and SCOA toxicities against viruses. However, inactivation of TV by combination treatments is contingent upon the pH of the sanitizing solution being lower than the pKa value of the organic acid being used. This information can be used to develop sanitizing washes to disinfect food contact surfaces, thereby aiding in the prevention of foodborne outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lacombe
- 1 National College of Natural Medicine, 014 S.E. Porter Street, Portland, Oregon 97201
| | - Brendan A Niemira
- 2 Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Joshua B Gurtler
- 2 Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - David H Kingsley
- 2 Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Xinhui Li
- 3 Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601
| | - Haiqiang Chen
- 4 Department of Food and Animal Sciences, University of Delaware, 20 Townsend Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Brié A, Boudaud N, Mssihid A, Loutreul J, Bertrand I, Gantzer C. Inactivation of murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus on fresh raspberries by gaseous ozone treatment. Food Microbiol 2017; 70:1-6. [PMID: 29173615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Raspberries are vulnerable products for which industrial treatment solutions ensuring both food safety and sensory quality are not easily applicable. Raspberries have been associated with numerous foodborne outbreaks in recent decades. Ozone has been proven effective as a drinking water treatment against pathogenic microorganisms. Nevertheless, to date, little information is available regarding the effect of gaseous ozone on viruses in food matrices. A comparison of the effect of gaseous ozone on murine norovirus (MNV-1) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) adsorbed on fresh raspberries was performed. Infectious MNV-1 was highly inactivated (>3.3 log10) by ozone (3 ppm, 1 min). The raspberry matrix seems to enhance inactivation by ozone compared to water. The same treatment was observed to have little effect on HAV even for the highest dose under the tested conditions (5 ppm, 3 min). Ozone treatment (5 ppm, 3 min) did not affect the appearance of raspberries even after three days post-treatment. No ozone effect was observed on the genomes detected by RT-PCR on both tested viruses, irrespective of the matrix or tested doses used. Gaseous ozone could therefore be a good candidate for human norovirus inactivation on raspberries but new conditions are needed for it to have significant effects on HAV inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Brié
- ACTALIA, Food Safety Department, Saint Lô, F-50000, France; Université de Lorraine, LCPME (Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France; CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Julie Loutreul
- ACTALIA, Food Safety Department, Saint Lô, F-50000, France
| | - Isabelle Bertrand
- Université de Lorraine, LCPME (Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France; CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Gantzer
- Université de Lorraine, LCPME (Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France; CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France.
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Brié A, Razafimahefa R, Loutreul J, Robert A, Gantzer C, Boudaud N, Bertrand I. The Effect of Heat and Free Chlorine Treatments on the Surface Properties of Murine Norovirus. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2017; 9:149-158. [PMID: 27888443 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heat and free chlorine are among the most efficient and commonly used treatments to inactivate enteric viruses, but their global inactivation mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. These treatments have been shown to affect at least the capsid proteins of viruses and thus may affect the surface properties (i.e. electrostatic charge and hydrophobicity) of such particles. Our aim was to study the effects of heat and free chlorine on surface properties for a murine norovirus chosen as surrogate for human norovirus. No changes in the surface properties were observed with our methods for murine norovirus exposed to free chlorine. Only the heat treatment led to major changes in the surface properties of the virus with the expression of hydrophobic domains at the surface of the particles after exposure to a temperature of 55 °C. No modification of the expression of hydrophobic domains occurred after exposure to 60 °C, and the low hydrophobic state exhibited by infectious and inactivated particles after exposure to 60 °C appeared to be irreversible for inactivated particles only, which may provide a means to discriminate infectious from inactivated murine noroviruses. When exposed to a temperature of 72 °C or to free chlorine at a concentration of 50 mg/L, the genome became available for RNases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Brié
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 5 Rue Albert Lebrun, 54000, Nancy, France
- CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France
- Food Safety Department, ACTALIA, Saint Lô, France
| | | | | | - Aurélie Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 5 Rue Albert Lebrun, 54000, Nancy, France
- CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France
- Food Safety Department, ACTALIA, Saint Lô, France
| | - Christophe Gantzer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 5 Rue Albert Lebrun, 54000, Nancy, France
- CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France
| | | | - Isabelle Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 5 Rue Albert Lebrun, 54000, Nancy, France.
- CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France.
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Kim SH, Shahbaz HM, Park D, Chun S, Lee W, Oh JW, Lee DU, Park J. A combined treatment of UV-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis and high hydrostatic pressure to inactivate internalized murine norovirus. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Inactivation efficiency and mechanism of UV-TiO 2 photocatalysis against murine norovirus using a solidified agar matrix. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 238:256-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fuzawa M, Ku KM, Palma-Salgado SP, Nagasaka K, Feng H, Juvik JA, Sano D, Shisler JL, Nguyen TH. Effect of Leaf Surface Chemical Properties on Efficacy of Sanitizer for Rotavirus Inactivation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6214-6222. [PMID: 27520815 PMCID: PMC5068170 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01778-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of sanitizers is essential for produce safety. However, little is known about how sanitizer efficacy varies with respect to the chemical surface properties of produce. To answer this question, the disinfection efficacies of an oxidant-based sanitizer and a new surfactant-based sanitizer for porcine rotavirus (PRV) strain OSU were examined. PRV was attached to the leaf surfaces of two kale cultivars with high epicuticular wax contents and one cultivar of endive with a low epicuticular wax content and then treated with each sanitizer. The efficacy of the oxidant-based sanitizer correlated with leaf wax content as evidenced by the 1-log10 PRV disinfection on endive surfaces (low wax content) and 3-log10 disinfection of the cultivars with higher wax contents. In contrast, the surfactant-based sanitizer showed similar PRV disinfection efficacies (up to 3 log10) that were independent of leaf wax content. A statistical difference was observed with the disinfection efficacies of the oxidant-based sanitizer for suspended and attached PRV, while the surfactant-based sanitizer showed similar PRV disinfection efficacies. Significant reductions in the entry and replication of PRV were observed after treatment with either disinfectant. Moreover, the oxidant-based-sanitizer-treated PRV showed sialic acid-specific binding to the host cells, whereas the surfactant-based sanitizer increased the nonspecific binding of PRV to the host cells. These findings suggest that the surface properties of fresh produce may affect the efficacy of virus disinfection, implying that food sanitizers should be carefully selected for the different surface characteristics of fresh produce. IMPORTANCE Food sanitizer efficacies are affected by the surface properties of vegetables. This study evaluated the disinfection efficacies of two food sanitizers, an oxidant-based sanitizer and a surfactant-based sanitizer, on porcine rotavirus strain OSU adhering to the leaf epicuticular surfaces of high- and low-wax-content cultivars. The disinfection efficacy of the oxidant-based sanitizer was affected by the surface properties of the vegetables, while the surfactant-based sanitizer was effective for both high- and low-wax leafy vegetable cultivars. This study suggests that the surface properties of vegetables may be an important factor that interacts with disinfection with food sanitizers of rotaviruses adhering to fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Fuzawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sindy Paola Palma-Salgado
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenya Nagasaka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - John A Juvik
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joanna L Shisler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Lee EJ, Lee W, Kim M, Choi EH, Kim YJ. Arc discharge-mediated disassembly of viral particles in water. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:305-312. [PMID: 27379726 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the inactivation effects on murine norovirus (MNV-1) with/without purification in water using a submerged plasma reactor of arc discharge (underwater arc), which produced a shockwave, UV light, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Underwater arc treatments of 3 and 6 Hz at 12 kV resulted in 2.6- and 4.2-log reductions in the virus titer of non-purified MNV-1 after 1 min of treatment, respectively. The reduction of purified MNV-1 was higher than that of non-purified MNV-1 after underwater arc treatment for all applied conditions (12 or 15 kV and 3 or 6 Hz). One of the viral capsid proteins (VP1) was not detectable after underwater arc treatment, when its integrity was assessed by western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also revealed that MNV-1 particles were completely dissembled by the treatment. This study demonstrates that underwater arc treatment, which was capable of disintegrating the MNV-1 virion structure and the viral capsid protein, can be an effective disinfection process for the inactivation of water-borne noroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Division of Food Safety, Distribution, and Standard Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 20, Gwangun-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Kim
- Division of Food Safety, Distribution, and Standard Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13539, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Nishikawa K, Fujimura T, Ota Y, Abe T, ElRamlawy KG, Nakano M, Takado T, Uenishi A, Kawazoe H, Sekoguchi Y, Tanaka A, Ono K, Kawamoto S. Exposure to positively- and negatively-charged plasma cluster ions impairs IgE-binding capacity of indoor cat and fungal allergens. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:27. [PMID: 27660668 PMCID: PMC5011831 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental control to reduce the amount of allergens in a living place is thought to be important to avoid sensitization to airborne allergens. However, efficacy of environmental control on inactivation of airborne allergens is not fully investigated. We have previously reported that positively- and negatively-charged plasma cluster ions (PC-ions) reduce the IgE-binding capacity of crude allergens from Japanese cedar pollen as important seasonal airborne allergens. Cat (Felis domesticus) and fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus) are also important sources of common airborne allergens in living spaces throughout the year, and early sensitization with those allergens is considered to be a risk factor for future development of allergic rhinitis, pollinosis and asthma. The aim of this study is to examine whether the PC-ions reduce the IgE-binding capacity of a cat major allergen (Fel d 1) and fungal allergens in an experimental condition. Methods Fel d 1, crude fungal extract, or a fungal major allergen Asp f 1, was treated with PC-ions for 6 h in an experimental cylindrical apparatus. Sham-treated allergens were prepared in the same experimental apparatus without generation of PC-ions. The degradation of the PC-ions-treated Fel d 1 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and the IgE-binding capacity of the PC-ions-treated allergens was analyzed by ELISA inhibition assay. Results Exposure of Fel d 1, crude fungal extract and Asp f 1 to PC-ions significantly decreased protein content of Fel d 1 or Asp f 1, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis suggested that the decreased Fel d 1 content upon exposure with PC-ions was attributable to protein degradation. ELISA inhibition indicated that the PC-ions treatment significantly impaired IgE-binding capacities of Fel d 1, crude fungal allergens, and Asp f 1 compared to sham treatment. Discussion Our data suggest that treatment with PC-ions not only reduce indoor cat and fungal allergens, but also impair their allergenicity. Conclusion These results suggest that environmental control with PC-ions is useful for inactivation of indoor cat and fungal allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nishikawa
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ota
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan
| | - Takuya Abe
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan
| | - Kareem Gamal ElRamlawy
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takado
- Engineering Department III, Plasma cluster Equipment Division, Health and Environment Systems Group, SHARP Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Uenishi
- Engineering Department III, Plasma cluster Equipment Division, Health and Environment Systems Group, SHARP Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidechika Kawazoe
- Engineering Department III, Plasma cluster Equipment Division, Health and Environment Systems Group, SHARP Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sekoguchi
- Engineering Department III, Plasma cluster Equipment Division, Health and Environment Systems Group, SHARP Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tanaka
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ono
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan.,Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-8530 Japan
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Almeida G, Gibson KE. Evaluation of a Recirculating Dipper Well Combined with Ozone Sanitizer for Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Food Service Operations. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1537-1548. [PMID: 28221936 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the retail food service industry, small countertop sinks, or dipper wells, are utilized to rinse and store serving utensils between uses. These dipper wells are designed to operate under a constant flow of water, which serves both to prevent the accumulation of microorganisms and to aid in the cleanliness of the dipper well itself. Here, a recirculating dipper well ozone sanitation system (DWOSS) was evaluated for the control and inactivation of Escherichia coli , Listeria innocua , PRD1 bacteriophage, and Staphylococcus aureus present on a stainless steel disher. In a low ozone (O3) demand medium, the DWOSS achieved over a 5-log reduction for E. coli , L. innocua , and PRD1 at 30 s when exposed to 0.45 to 0.55 ppm of residual O3. A greater than 5-log total CFU reduction was achieved for S. aureus at a 600-s exposure time and 0.50 ppm of residual O3. When evaluated in the presence of high O3 demand medium (10% skim milk), the DWOSS performed significantly better (P < 0.05) for all microbe-exposure time combinations compared with a conventional dipper well with respect to the reduction of microbes on the stainless steel disher. For example, at 30 s, the DWOSS achieved 4.37, 2.48, 1.38, and 1.31 greater log (CFU or PFU) reduction of E. coli , L. innocua , PRD1, and S. aureus , respectively, than a conventional dipper well. In addition, the DWOSS was evaluated under two neglect scenarios to determine its ability to control microbes in 10% skim milk medium on the stainless steel disher and within the dipper well basin itself over an extended period of use (2 h of use per day over 5 days). Considering the efficacy of the DWOSS unit against the microbes evaluated here, the integration of ozone into a dipper well could be a potential critical control point to reduce the incidence of microbial contamination during retail food service. To our knowledge, a dipper well with a cleaning-in-place sanitizing system is not currently available for use in the food service industry; and, thus, this is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of a cleaning-in-place dipper well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Almeida
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, USA
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