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Kim U, Oh SW. Antimicrobial resistance induction potential of grapefruit seed extract on multi-species biofilm of E. coli in food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 424:110849. [PMID: 39098160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm formation in natural environments involving complex multi-structural arrangements hinders challenges in antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance potential of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) by examining the formation of mono-, dual-, and multi-species biofilms. We also explored the counterintuitive effect in response to GSE at various concentrations, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MIC (1/2 and 1/4 MIC). The results of the swimming and swarming motility tests revealed increased motility at the sub-MIC of GSE. The crystal violet assay demonstrated increased biofilm formation in multi-species biofilms, highlighting the synergistic effect of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. At the MIC concentration of GSE, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed cell morphology damage, while sub-MIC increased biofilm formation and architectural complexity. Multi-species biofilms demonstrated greater biofilm-forming ability and antimicrobial resistance than mono-species biofilms, indicating synergistic interactions and enhanced resilience. These findings highlight the importance of understanding biofilm dynamics and antimicrobial resistance to ensure environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Sánchez García E, Torres-Alvarez C, Morales Sosa EG, Pimentel-González M, Villarreal Treviño L, Amaya Guerra CA, Castillo S, Rodríguez Rodríguez J. Essential Oil of Fractionated Oregano as Motility Inhibitor of Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:665. [PMID: 39061347 PMCID: PMC11273670 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, several analyses were carried out on concentrated fractions of Mexican oregano essential oil (Poliomintha longiflora Gray) in order to determine its ability to inhibit the growth and the motility of Escherichia coli (swimming), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (swimming), and Proteus vulgaris (swarming); these Gram-negative bacteria associated with urinary tract infections are motile due to the presence of flagella, which is considered an important virulence factor that favors their motility when trying to reach the target organ and cause an infection. Also, the resistance pattern to antibiotics of each strain was determined. The results showed resistance pattern (8 out of 12 antibiotics tested) for P. aureginosa, while E. coli and P. vulgaris were resistant to 4 antibiotics out of the 12 tested. On the other hand, fractionated oregano caused an inhibition of growth and a reduction in motility, varying between fractions and among bacteria. Fraction 4 showed major growth reduction, with MBC values ranging from 0.002 to 23.7 mg/mL. Treatment with fractionated oregano (F1, F2, F3, F4) reduced the motility by 92-81% for P. vulgaris, 90-83% for E. coli, and 100-8.9% for P. aeruginosa. These results demonstrated a higher performance with a lower application dose due to its high content of Carvacrol and Thymol; unlike other concentrated fractions, this synergy of oxygenated monoterpenes may cause greater antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez García
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico; (E.S.G.); (E.G.M.S.); (M.P.-G.); (L.V.T.); (C.A.A.G.)
| | - Cynthia Torres-Alvarez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, General Escobedo 66050, NL, Mexico;
| | - Elías G. Morales Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico; (E.S.G.); (E.G.M.S.); (M.P.-G.); (L.V.T.); (C.A.A.G.)
| | - Mariana Pimentel-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico; (E.S.G.); (E.G.M.S.); (M.P.-G.); (L.V.T.); (C.A.A.G.)
| | - Licet Villarreal Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico; (E.S.G.); (E.G.M.S.); (M.P.-G.); (L.V.T.); (C.A.A.G.)
| | - Carlos Abel Amaya Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico; (E.S.G.); (E.G.M.S.); (M.P.-G.); (L.V.T.); (C.A.A.G.)
| | - Sandra Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico; (E.S.G.); (E.G.M.S.); (M.P.-G.); (L.V.T.); (C.A.A.G.)
| | - José Rodríguez Rodríguez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
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3
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Nirmal N, Koirala P, Khanashyam AC, Panichayupakaranant P, Septama AW. Combined effect of brazilin-rich extract and lawsone methyl ether against infection-causing bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103999. [PMID: 38646564 PMCID: PMC11031759 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination and infection widely affect the food, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. Additionally, these bacteria developed resistance to synthetic antibiotics causing public health danger, globally. Natural plant extracts (NPE) are suitable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics to tackle antimicrobial resistance problems. Furthermore, a blend or combination of different NPEs exerts a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the combined effect of brazilin-rich extract (BRE) and lawsome methyl ether (LME) against infection-causing common bacteria were evaluated. BRE had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against most of the Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) while LME was active against most of the Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis). The combination of BRE and LME at 2:1 and 1:1 concentration significantly reduced the MIC value of each compound as compared to either BRE or LME concentration alone (P < 0.05). Further time-kill kinetics revealed a 3.0-3.5 log reduction in Gram-positive bacteria and a 2.5-3.0 log reduction in Gram-negative bacteria during 120 min of incubation, respectively. Therefore, a combination of BRE and LME was recommended as natural antibacterial to synthetic antibiotics for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Anandu Chandra Khanashyam
- Deaprtment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkla Thailand
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, 16911, Indonesia
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Yu J, Hong C, Yin L, Ping Q, Hu G. Antimicrobial activity of phenyllactic acid against Klebsiella pneumoniae and its effect on cell wall membrane and genomic DNA. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3245-3255. [PMID: 37728681 PMCID: PMC10689709 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has acquired high levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics, it is considered a worldwide pathogen of concern, and substitutes for traditional antibiotics are urgently needed. 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) has been reported to have antimicrobial activity against food-borne bacteria. However, there was no experiment evidence for the exact antibacterial effect and mechanism of PLA kills pathogenic KP. In this study, the Oxford cup method indicated that PLA is effective to KP with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, PLA inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, PLA could significantly increase the survival rate of infected mice and reduce the pathological tissue damage. The antibacterial mode of PLA against KP was further explored. Firstly, scanning electron microscopy illustrated the disruption of cellular ultrastructure caused by PLA. Secondly, measurement of leaked alkaline phosphatase demonstrated that PLA disrupted the cell wall integrity of KP and flow cytometry analysis with propidium iodide staining suggested that PLA damaged the cell membrane integrity. Finally, the results of fluorescence spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that PLA bound to genomic DNA and initiated its degradation. The anti-KP mode of action of PLA was attributed to the destruction of the cell wall, membrane, and genomic DNA binding. These findings suggest that PLA has great potential applications as antibiotic substitutes in feed additives against KP infection in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Chunli Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Longfei Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Qingbo Ping
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Gaowei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
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Guo W, Xu Y, Yang Y, Xiang J, Chen J, Luo D, Xie Q. Antibiofilm Effects of Oleuropein against Staphylococcus aureus: An In Vitro Study. Foods 2023; 12:4301. [PMID: 38231779 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has posed a huge threat to human health and the economy. Oleuropein has antibacterial activities against various microorganisms but research on its effect on the S. aureus biofilm is limited. This research aimed to estimate the antibiofilm activities of oleuropein against S. aureus. The results suggest that the minimum inhibitory concentration of oleuropein against S. aureus ATCC 25923 was 3 mg/mL. The biomass of biofilms formed on the microplates and coverslips and the viability of bacteria were significantly reduced after the treatment with oleuropein. The scanning electron microscopy observation results indicated that the stacking thickness and density of the biofilm decreased when S. aureus was exposed to oleuropein. It had a bactericidal effect on biofilm bacteria and removed polysaccharides and proteins from mature biofilms. The effects of oleuropein on the biofilm could be explained by a reduction in bacterial secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and a change in bacterial surface hydrophobicity. Based on the above findings, oleuropein has the potential to be used against food pollution caused by S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jinle Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Denglin Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
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6
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Xie LY, Xu YB, Ding XQ, Liang S, Li DL, Fu AK, Zhan XA. Itaconic acid and dimethyl itaconate exert antibacterial activity in carbon-enriched environments through the TCA cycle. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115487. [PMID: 37713987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA), a metabolite generated by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in eukaryotic immune cells, and its derivative dimethyl itaconate (DI) exert antibacterial functions in intracellular environments. Previous studies suggested that IA and DI only inhibit bacterial growth in carbon-limited environments; however, whether IA and DI maintain antibacterial activity in carbon-enriched environments remains unknown. Here, IA and DI inhibited the bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 24.02 mM and 39.52 mM, respectively, in a carbon-enriched environment. The reduced bacterial pathogenicity was reflected in cell membrane integrity, motility, biofilm formation, AI-2/luxS, and virulence. Mechanistically, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and fumaric acid levels decreased in the IA and DI treatments, while isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity was upregulated. Inhibited TCA circulation was also observed through untargeted metabolomics. In addition, energy-related aspartate metabolism and lysine degradation were suppressed. In summary, these results indicated that IA and DI reduced bacterial pathogenicity while exerting antibacterial functions by inhibiting TCA circulation. This study enriches knowledge on the inhibition of bacteria by IA and DI in a carbon-mixed environment, suggesting an alternative method for treating bacterial infections by immune metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y B Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Q Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - S Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - A K Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X A Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Scandorieiro S, Teixeira FMMB, Nogueira MCL, Panagio LA, de Oliveira AG, Durán N, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Antibiofilm Effect of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Combined with Oregano Derivatives against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040756. [PMID: 37107119 PMCID: PMC10135348 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant bacteria may kill more people than COVID-19, so the development of new antibacterials is essential, especially against microbial biofilms that are reservoirs of resistant cells. Silver nanoparticles (bioAgNP), biogenically synthesized using Fusarium oxysporum, combined with oregano derivatives, present a strategic antibacterial mechanism and prevent the emergence of resistance against planktonic microorganisms. Antibiofilm activity of four binary combinations was tested against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC): oregano essential oil (OEO) plus bioAgNP, carvacrol (Car) plus bioAgNP, thymol (Thy) plus bioAgNP, and Car plus Thy. The antibiofilm effect was accessed using crystal violet, MTT, scanning electron microscopy, and Chromobacterium violaceum anti-quorum-sensing assays. All binary combinations acted against preformed biofilm and prevented its formation; they showed improved antibiofilm activity compared to antimicrobials individually by reducing sessile minimal inhibitory concentration up to 87.5% or further decreasing biofilm metabolic activity and total biomass. Thy plus bioAgNP extensively inhibited the growth of biofilm in polystyrene and glass surfaces, disrupted three-dimensional biofilm structure, and quorum-sensing inhibition may be involved in its antibiofilm activity. For the first time, it is shown that bioAgNP combined with oregano has antibiofilm effect against bacteria for which antimicrobials are urgently needed, such as KPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scandorieiro
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Innovation and Cosmeceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Hospital Universitário de Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Franciele Maira M B Teixeira
- Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Mara C L Nogueira
- Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano A Panagio
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Admilton G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Renata K T Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
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Li T, Chen H, Zhao J, Tao Z, Lan W, Zhao Y, Sun X. Characterization of Phage vB_SalM_SPJ41 and the Reduction of Risk of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica Contamination in Two Ready-to-Eat Foods. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020364. [PMID: 36830275 PMCID: PMC9951933 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a major cause of foodborne illness, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to huge pressures on public health. Phage is a promising strategy for controlling foodborne pathogens. In this study, a novel Salmonella phage vB_SalM_SPJ41 was isolated from poultry farms in Shanghai, China. Phage vB_SalM_SPJ41 was able to lyse multiple serotypes of antibiotic-resistant S. enterica, including S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Shubra, S. Derby, and S. Nchanga. It had a short incubation period and was still active at a temperature <80 °C and in the pH range of 3~11. The phage can effectively inhibit the growth of S. enterica in liquid culture and has a significant inhibitory and destructive effect on the biofilm produced by antibiotic-resistant S. enterica. Moreover, the phage was able to reduce S. Enteritidis and MDR S. Derby in lettuce to below the detection limit at 4 °C. Furthermore, the phage could reduce S. Enteritidis and S. Derby in salmon below the limit of detection at 4 °C, and by 3.9 log10 CFU/g and· 2.1 log10 CFU/g at 15 °C, respectively. In addition, the genomic analysis revealed that the phages did not carry any virulence factor genes or antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, it was found that vB_SalM_SPJ41 is a promising candidate phage for biocontrol against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in ready-to-eat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhenxiang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6190-0503; Fax: +86-21-6190-0365
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A Broad-Spectrum Phage Endolysin (LysCP28) Able to Remove Biofilms and Inactivate Clostridium perfringens Strains. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020411. [PMID: 36673503 PMCID: PMC9858456 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium capable of producing four major toxins which cause disease symptoms and pathogenesis in humans and animals. C. perfringens strains carrying enterotoxins can cause food poisoning in humans and are associated with meat consumption. An endolysin, named LysCP28, is encoded by orf28 from C. perfringens bacteriophage BG3P. This protein has an N-terminal glycosyl-hydrolase domain (lysozyme) and a C-terminal SH3 domain. Purified LysCP28 (38.8 kDa) exhibited a broad spectrum of lytic activity against C. perfringens strains (77 of 96 or 80.21%), including A, B, C, and D types, isolated from different sources. Moreover, LysCP28 (10 μg/mL) showed high antimicrobial activity and was able to lyse 2 × 107 CFU/mL C. perfringens ATCC 13124 and C. perfringens J21 (animal origin) within 2 h. Necessary due to this pathogenic bacterium's ability to form biofilms, LysCP28 (18.7 μg/mL) was successfully evaluated as an antibiofilm agent in both biofilm removal and formation inhibition. Finally, to confirm the efficacy of LysCP28 in a food matrix, duck meat was contaminated with C. perfringens and treated with endolysin (100 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL), which reduced viable bacteria by 3.2 and 3.08 units-log, respectively, in 48 h at 4 °C. Overall, the endolysin LysCP28 could potentially be used as a biopreservative to reduce C. perfringens contamination during food processing.
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Caigoy JC, Xedzro C, Kusalaruk W, Nakano H. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antimotility signatures of some natural antimicrobials against Vibrio cholerae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6665928. [PMID: 35963648 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is an etiological cause of cholera and has been implicated in several epidemics. Exploration of the antimicrobial signatures of culinary spices has become an important industrial tool to suppress the growth of foodborne bacterial pathogens including Vibrio spp. The antibiofilm and antimotility activities of some selected natural antimicrobial agents were then evaluated. All the extracts showed vibriostatic activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.1% to 0.4%. Cinnamon and black pepper demonstrated significant biofilm inhibition activity from 94.77% to 99.77% when administered at 100% MIC. Black pepper extract also demonstrated the highest biofilm inhibition activity against the established biofilms of V. cholerae O1 and O139. Cinnamon, calabash nutmeg, and black pepper significantly inhibited swimming and swarming motility by 85.51% to 94.87%. Sub-MICs (50% and 75%) of some extracts were also effective as an antibiofilm and antimotility agent against the tested strains. The findings of our study suggest the potential application of natural antimicrobial agents such as spices in food to inhibit biofilm formation and motility, which consequently mitigate the virulence and persistence of the pathogen in the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jant Cres Caigoy
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Christian Xedzro
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Waraporn Kusalaruk
- Department of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, 19 Moo 2 Tambon Maeka, Amphur Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Nakano
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Madani A, Esfandiari Z, Shoaei P, Ataei B. Evaluation of Virulence Factors, Antibiotic Resistance, and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli Isolated from Milk and Dairy Products in Isfahan, Iran. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070960. [PMID: 35407047 PMCID: PMC8997477 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains are important causes of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the presence, antibiotic resistance, and potential biofilm formation in dairy products in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 200 samples, including traditional and pasteurized dairy products, were analyzed. In 200 samples, 54 E. coli isolates, including (48/110) and (6/90) positive samples of traditional and pasteurized dairy products, were detected. Furthermore, pathogenic strains were isolated from 30% of traditional dairy products and 5.55% of pasteurized dairy products. Most isolates were classified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Moreover, antibiotic resistance was evaluated using the disk diffusion method for pathogenic E. coli. Overall, 73.68% of contaminated samples by pathogenic strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance was observed against streptomycin (57.9%), followed by tetracycline (50%). Additionally, all isolates were sensitive to amikacin. For evaluating biofilm formation, the violet crystal assay was applied on a polystyrene microplate well for pathogenic isolates. In total, 68.42% of isolates were able to form biofilms. The presence of E. coli in dairy products indicates potential health risks for Iranian consumers. Serious measures are needed to control and prevent the spread of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Madani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, P. O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
| | - Zahra Esfandiari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, P. O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
- Correspondence:
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, P. O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; (P.S.); (B.A.)
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, P. O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, P. O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; (P.S.); (B.A.)
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, P. O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Ríos‐López AL, Heredia N, García S, Merino‐Mascorro JÁ, Solís‐Soto LY, Dávila‐Aviña JE. Effect of phenolic compounds and cold shock on survival and virulence of
Escherichia coli
pathotypes. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Ríos‐López
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Norma Heredia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Santos García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - José Á. Merino‐Mascorro
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Luisa Y. Solís‐Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Jorge E. Dávila‐Aviña
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
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13
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Brazilin: Biological activities and therapeutic potential in chronic degenerative diseases and cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106023. [PMID: 34883212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan and Haematoxylum brasiletto belong to the Fabaceae family, predominantly distributed in Southeast Asia and America. The isoflavonoid brazilin has been identified from the bark and heartwood of these plants. This review summarizes the studies describing the biological activities of these plants and brazilin. Mainly, brazilin protects cells from oxidative stress, shows anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and hypoglycemic effect. In addition, it has a biological impact on various pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, fibrillogenesis, and osteoarthritis. Interestingly, most of the antecedents are related to the anticancer effect of brazilin. In several cancers such as osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, multiple myeloma, glioblastoma, bladder, melanoma, breast, tongue, colon, cervical, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma, brazilin induces autophagy by increasing the levels of the LC3-II protein. Furthermore, it inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through increased expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, p21, p27, activation of caspase-3 and -7, and the cleavage of PARP and inhibiting the expression of Bax. In addition, it blocks the expression of JNK and regulates the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Together, these data positions brazilin as a compound of natural origin with multiple bioactivities and therapeutic potential in various chronic degenerative diseases and cancer.
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14
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Pakbin B, Brück WM, Rossen JWA. Virulence Factors of Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9922. [PMID: 34576083 PMCID: PMC8468683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli are remarkably versatile microorganisms and important members of the normal intestinal microbiota of humans and animals. This harmless commensal organism can acquire a mixture of comprehensive mobile genetic elements that contain genes encoding virulence factors, becoming an emerging human pathogen capable of causing a broad spectrum of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Nine definite enteric E. coli pathotypes have been well characterized, causing diseases ranging from various gastrointestinal disorders to urinary tract infections. These pathotypes employ many virulence factors and effectors subverting the functions of host cells to mediate their virulence and pathogenesis. This review summarizes new developments in our understanding of diverse virulence factors associated with encoding genes used by different pathotypes of enteric pathogenic E. coli to cause intestinal and extraintestinal diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pakbin
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-3419, Iran
| | - Wolfram M. Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland;
| | - John W. A. Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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15
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Epigallocatechin gallate and Lactobacillus plantarum culture supernatants exert bactericidal activity and reduce biofilm formation in Clostridium perfringens. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:843-853. [PMID: 34170482 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens forms biofilms and spores that are a source of food contamination. In this study, the antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus plantarum culture supernatants (LP-S), LP-S fractions, and the plant-derived compound epigallocatechin gallate (EG) were evaluated. Specifically, their effects on the viability and biofilm-forming ability of C. perfringens were assessed. Moreover, the expression of quorum sensing-regulated genes associated with the pathogenesis of this microorganism and that of genes involved in biofilm formation was also investigated. The results showed that both EG and the LP-S exerted bactericidal activity against all C. perfringens strains tested. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EG was 75 µg/mL for all strains but ranged from 61 to 121 µg of total protein per mL for LP-S. EG exerted only minor effects on biofilm formation, whereas LP-S, particularly its 10 and 30 K fractions, significantly reduced the biofilm-forming ability of all the strains. The antibiofilm activity of LP-S was lost following preincubation with proteases, suggesting that it was mediated by a proteinaceous molecule. The treatment of C. perfringens with either EG or LP-S did not change the transcript levels of two CpAL (C. perfringens quorum-sensing Agr-like system)-related genes, agrB and agrD, which are known to be involved in the regulation of biofilms, suggesting that LP-S exerted its biofilm inhibitory activity downstream of CpAL signaling. In summary, we demonstrated the bactericidal activity of EG and LP-S against C. perfringens and antibiofilm activity of LP-S at a subinhibitory dose. Our results suggested that these compounds can be further explored for food safety applications to control agents such as C. perfringens.
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16
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Eugenol, citral, and hexanal, alone or in combination with heat, affect viability, biofilm formation, and swarming on Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:599-607. [PMID: 33936852 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains are pathogenic for humans and cause mild to severe illnesses. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of citral, eugenol, and hexanal in combination with heat shock (HS) was evaluated in terms of the growth, biofilm formation, swarming, and expression of virulence genes of STEC serotypes (O157:H7, O103, O111, and O26). Eugenol was the most effective compound against the growth of E. coli strains (MBC = 0.58 to 0.73 mg/mL), followed by citral (MBC = 0.86 to 1.26 mg/mL) and hexanal (MBC = 2.24 to 2.52 mg/mL). Biofilm formation and swarming motility have great variability between STEC strains. Natural compounds-alone or combined with HS-inhibited biofilm formation; however, swarming motility was induced by most treatments. The expression of the studied genes during biofilm formation and swarming under natural antimicrobials was affected but not in a uniform pattern. These treatments could be used to control contamination of STEC and inhibit biofilm formation.
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17
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Ortiz Y, García-Heredia A, Merino-Mascorro A, García S, Solís-Soto L, Heredia N. Natural and synthetic antimicrobials reduce adherence of enteroaggregative and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251096. [PMID: 33939753 PMCID: PMC8092791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence of bacteria to the human intestinal mucosa can facilitate their internalization and the development of pathological processes. Escherichia coli O104:H4 is considered a hybrid strain (enteroaggregative hemorrhagic E. coli [EAHEC]), sharing virulence factors found in enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), and enteroaggregative (EAEC) E. coli pathotypes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of natural and synthetic antimicrobials (carvacrol, oregano extract, brazilin, palo de Brasil extract, and rifaximin) on the adherence of EHEC O157:H7, EAEC 042, and EAHEC O104:H4 to HEp-2 cells and to assess the expression of various genes involved in this process. Two concentrations of each antimicrobial that did not affect (p≤0.05) bacterial viability or damage the bacterial membrane integrity were used. Assays were conducted to determine whether the antimicrobials alter adhesion by affecting bacteria and/or alter adhesion by affecting the HEp-2 cells, whether the antimicrobials could detach bacteria previously adhered to HEp-2 cells, and whether the antimicrobials could modify the adherence ability exhibited by the bacteria for several cycles of adhesion assays. Giemsa stain and qPCR were used to assess the adhesion pattern and gene expression, respectively. The results showed that the antimicrobials affected the adherence abilities of the bacteria, with carvacrol, oregano extract, and rifaximin reducing up to 65% (p≤0.05) of E. coli adhered to HEp-2 cells. Carvacrol (10 mg/ml) was the most active compound against EHAEC O104:H4, even altering its aggregative adhesion pattern. There were changes in the expression of adhesion-related genes (aggR, pic, aap, aggA, and eae) in the bacteria and oxidative stress-related genes (SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx) in the HEp-2 cells. In general, we demonstrated that carvacrol, oregano extract, and rifaximin at sub-minimal bactericidal concentrations interfere with target sites in E. coli, reducing the adhesion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaraymi Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Alam García-Heredia
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Angel Merino-Mascorro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Santos García
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Luisa Solís-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Norma Heredia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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18
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Lee JE, Lee NK, Paik HD. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum KU200656 isolated from kimchi. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:97-106. [PMID: 33552621 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic properties and anti-pathogenic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KU200656 (KU200656) isolated from Korean fermented kimchi against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium were investigated. KU200656 showed high tolerance to artificial gastric acid (99.48%) and bile salts (102.40%) and this strain was safe according to antibiotic sensitivity test; it could not produce harmful enzymes, including β-glucuronidase. KU200656 exhibited high adhesion (4.45%) to intestinal cells, HT-29 cells, with high cell surface hydrophobicity (87.31% for xylene and 81.11% for toluene). Moreover, KU200656 co-aggregated with pathogenic bacteria and exhibited antibacterial activity and anti-adhesion properties against pathogens. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of KU200656 inhibited biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria. In addition, half of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the KU200656 CFS downregulated the expression of biofilm-related genes, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Therefore, KU200656 was demonstrated to possess anti-pathogenic effects and have potential for use as probiotics in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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19
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Limsuwan S, Jarukitsakul S, Issuriya A, Chusri S, Joycharat N, Jaisamut P, Saising J, Jetwanna KWN, Voravuthikunchai SP. Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi': Its antibacterial activities, effects on bacterial virulence factors and in vivo acute toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112975. [PMID: 32417424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi' containing Nigella sativa (seed), Piper retrofractum (fruit), Punica granatum (pericarp), and Quercus infectoria (nutgall) has long been traditionally used to treat diarrhea or bloody mucous diarrhea. Scientific information is very important to support its therapeutic effects and traditional drug development. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi against diarrhea-causing bacteria and determine its effects on bacterial virulence factors and in vivo acute toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and its plant components were prepared. The agar diffusion method was used for preliminary screening of antibacterial activity of the extracts against diarrhea-causing bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed using broth microdilution method. The effects on bactericidal activity, bacterial cell wall, and cell membrane were examined by time-kill, lysis, and leakage assays, respectively. The effects on bacterial virulence factors including quorum-sensing system, biofilm production, and swarming motility were determined. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the group of chemical compounds present in the formulation extracts. Acute toxicity study was conducted by a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar albino rats. RESULTS Ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and Quercus infectoria demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against all bacterial strains as revealed by zones of inhibition ranging from 7.0 to 24.5 mm. The ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and Quercus infectoria produced strong bacteriostatic activity against V. parahaemolyticus (n = 11) with an MIC range of 7.81-250 μg/ml. Only the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi produced MBC values less than or equal to 1000 μg/ml against all V. parahaemolyticus. Based on time-kill study, no surviving V. parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802 and 5268) cells were detected within 6-12 h after treatment with the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi at MBC-4MBC concentrations. Vibrioparahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 cells treated with the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi demonstrated no lysis or leakage through the bacterial membrane was not observed. At low concentrations (0.125-0.25 μg/ml) the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi inhibited violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum DMST 21761 without affecting the bacterial growth. The ethanol (31.25-62.5 μg/ml) and water (31.25-250 μg/ml) extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi inhibited biofilm production by S. aureus. The ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi at 1000 μg/ml reduced the swarming motility of Escherichia coli O157: H7 by 74.98% and 52.65%, respectively. Tannins and terpenoids were detected in both the ethanol and water extracts. Flavonoids were present only in the ethanol extract. Alkaloids and antraquinones were not noticed in either extract. In the acute toxicity study, there were no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters nor were adverse effects on mortality, general behaviors, body weight, or organ weights detected. CONCLUSIONS The scientific evidence from this study supported the therapeutic effects and safety of the traditional Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi' which has been used as an alternative treatment for gastrointestinal infections in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Limsuwan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Siriporn Jarukitsakul
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Issuriya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Nantiya Joycharat
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Jaisamut
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jongkon Saising
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Korakot Wichitsa-Nguan Jetwanna
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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20
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Qian W, Wang W, Zhang J, Wang T, Liu M, Yang M, Sun Z, Li X, Li Y. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ursolic acid against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:382-391. [PMID: 32051569 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that ursolic acid (UA) present in apple pomace displays antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms, but the underlying mechanisms associated with this activity remain unexplored. Furthermore, there are no reports on the effect of UA on carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). This study examined the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of UA against CRKP was examined. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of UA against CRKP was determined by the agar dilution method. Variations in the intracellular pH (pHin), ATP concentration, and cell membrane potential were measured to assess the influence of UA on the cell membrane. Our results show that UA was effective against CRKP at an MIC of 0.8 mg ml-1. UA disrupted the cell membrane integrity of CRKP, exhibited strong inhibitory effects against biofilm formation and biofilm-related gene expression, and inactivated CRKP cells encased in biofilms. Thus, UA shows promise for use in combination with other antibiotics to treat multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhaohuan Sun
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 315010, Ningbo, PR China.
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21
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Quintanilla-Licea R, Vargas-Villarreal J, Verde-Star MJ, Rivas-Galindo VM, Torres-Hernández ÁD. Antiprotozoal Activity against Entamoeba histolytica of Flavonoids Isolated from Lippia graveolens Kunth. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112464. [PMID: 32466359 PMCID: PMC7321152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is nowadays a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Annually, up to 100,000 deaths occur across the world. Due to the resistance that pathogenic protozoa exhibit against commercial antiprotozoal drugs, a growing emphasis has been placed on plants used in traditional medicine to discover new antiparasitics. Previously, we reported the in vitro antiamoebic activity of a methanolic extract of Lippia graveolens Kunth (Mexican oregano). In this study, we outline the isolation and structure elucidation of antiamoebic compounds occurring in this plant. The subsequent work-up of this methanol extract by bioguided isolation using several chromatographic techniques yielded the flavonoids pinocembrin (1), sakuranetin (2), cirsimaritin (3), and naringenin (4). Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved by spectroscopic/spectrometric analyses and comparing literature data. These compounds revealed significant antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests, showing a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 28 to 154 µg/mL. Amebicide activity of sakuranetin and cirsimaritin is reported for the first time in this study. These research data may help to corroborate the use of this plant in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455 Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.J.V.-S.); (Á.D.T.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-81-83763668
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico;
| | - María Julia Verde-Star
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455 Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.J.V.-S.); (Á.D.T.-H.)
| | - Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Aguirre Pequeño, Mitras Centro, Monterrey, C.P. 64460 Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Ángel David Torres-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455 Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.J.V.-S.); (Á.D.T.-H.)
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22
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Antimicrobial effects and membrane damage mechanism of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Qian W, Li X, Shen L, Wang T, Liu M, Zhang J, Yang M, Li X, Cai C. RETRACTED: Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ursolic acid against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:528-534. [PMID: 31813671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request ofthe corresponding author and the editor-in-chief. The authors have notified the journal that Fig. 3E and 3F in this article was a duplicate image of Fig. 3C of the article published by Weidong Qian, Miao Liu, Yuting Fu, Ting Wang, Jianing Zhang, Min Yang, Zhaohuan Sun, Xiang Li, and Yongdong Li in Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 129 (2020) 528-534 https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2019.2751 and requested for retraction. The authors have subsequently admitted that Figs. 3A, 3D and 4B in this article were duplicated from Figs. 3A, 5A and 7B of the article published by Weidong Qian, Yuting Fu, Miao Liu, Ting Wang, Jianing Zhang, Min Yang, Zhaohuan Sun, Xiang Li and Yongdong Li in Antibiotics 8 (2019) 220 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/4/220, which has been retracted https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/322. The authors have claimed that there were errors in the preparation of figures for three papers which had been submitted to multiple journals from August to October 2019. The authors have provided replacement images for Figs. 3 and 4 of this article, but these data did not resolve the concerns that call into question the reliability of the study findings. In light of these issues, the journal has decided to retract the article. The authors assert the findings, that ursolic acid exerted antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, are nevertheless reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xinchen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Lanfang Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Changlong Cai
- Research Center of Ion Beam Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
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24
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Mahmoudzadeh M, Hosseini H, Mahmoudzadeh L, Mazaheri Nezhad Fard R. Comparative Effects of Carum copticum Essential Oil on Bacterial Growth and Shiga-Toxin Gene Expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at Abused Refrigerated Temperatures. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1660-1666. [PMID: 32285153 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abused refrigerated temperatures are described as unacceptable deviations from the optimal temperature, occurring frequently during transportation of food products. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serious contaminant of meats and meat products due to its ability to grow at abused temperatures (> 10 °C). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Carum copticum essential oil for the control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using laboratory media and minced beef at severe abused refrigerated temperature (15 °C). A comparative quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR was used to assess effects of temperature and Carum copticum essential oil at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations on bacterial growth and Shiga-toxin gene (stx1A and stx2A) expression. Results indicated that Carum copticum essential oil inhibited growth of E. coli O157:H7 in tryptone soy broth (TSB) media at all sub-MIC values until Hour 48. However, bacterial population increased progressively until Hour 72 at essential oil concentration of 0.75% (ml g-1) and reached 8.6 log CFU g-1 in minced beef. The essential oil at concentration of 0.005% (ml g-1) increased stx gene expression at all times, but increased stx gene expression (0.015%) at Hour 24 in TSB media. The expression rate of stx1A in minced beef decreased progressively (10.39 and 7.67 folds for 0.5 and 0.75%, respectively) and expression of stx2A was variable in minced beef during storage. In conclusion, results from this study have shown that effects of Carum copticum essential oil on growth and virulence gene expression are not necessarily correlated and temperature, essential oil concentration, investigated gene type, and bacterial growth environment (in vivo or in vitro) are effective as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Dávila-Aviña J, Gil-Solís C, Merino-Mascorro J, García S, Heredia N. Phenolics with Bactericidal Activity Alter Motility and Biofilm Formation in Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:568-575. [PMID: 32043899 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most Escherichia coli strains are innocuous to human beings; however, some strains can cause diarrhea and are grouped into pathotypes. Since current trends promote the use of natural-origin compounds to control bacteria, in this study, the effects of the phenolic compounds (PCs) tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), methyl gallate (MG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EG) on the growth, swarming motility, biofilm formation, and expression of selected virulence genes of three E. coli pathotypes (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC], enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli [EHEC], and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli [ETEC]) were evaluated. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by using microtiter plates, and the effects of sublethal PC concentrations on swarming motility were evaluated on Luria-Bertani agar. Biofilm formation was assessed in microtiter plates via crystal violet staining, and the expression levels of genes involved in biofilm formation (flhC, fliA, fliC, and csgA) and swarming motility (csgD and cyaA) were evaluated via quantitative PCR. All PC were bactericidal with minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 2.1 mg/mL. At concentrations lower than the MBC, PCs decreased swarming motility (14.8-100%). GA reduced biofilm formation in all of the tested strains; however, TA, MG, and EG induced biofilm formation in some strains at specific concentrations. TA induced the overexpression of csgA, csgD, and cyaA, whereas the other PCs did not have any effects or reduced their expression levels. The PCs tested in this study showed potential to control E. coli strains belonging to the EHEC, ETEC, and EPEC pathotypes by affecting their growth, swarming motility, and virulence gene expression; however, proper concentrations must be used to avoid the induction of undesirable virulence factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Dávila-Aviña
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Carolina Gil-Solís
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jose Merino-Mascorro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Santos García
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Norma Heredia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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26
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Liu CC, Lin MH. Involvement of Heme in Colony Spreading of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32117177 PMCID: PMC7026375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus spreads rapidly on the surface of soft agar medium. The spreading depends on the synthesis of biosurfactants, i.e., phenol soluble modulins (PSMs), which facilitate colony spreading of S. aureus. Our earlier study demonstrated that water accumulates in a colony is important to modulate colony spreading of S. aureus. The current study screened a transposon-based mutant library of S. aureus HG001 and obtained four non-spreading mutants with mutations in hemY and ctaA, which are involved in heme synthesis. The spreading ability of these mutants was restored when the mutants are transformed with a plasmid encoding hemY or ctaA, respectively. HemY mutants, which do not synthesize heme B, were able to spread on agar medium supplemented with hemin, a heme B derivative. By contrast, hemin supplementation did not rescue the spreading of the ctaA mutant, which lacks heme B and heme A, indicating that heme A is also critical for colony spreading. Moreover, mutations in hemY and ctaA had little effect on PSMs production but affect ATP production and water accumulation in the colony. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the role of heme synthesis and energy production in the regulation of S. aureus colony spreading, which is important for understanding the movement mechanisms of bacteria lacking a motor apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Mei-Hui Lin,
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27
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Abstract
Bacteria can migrate in groups of flagella-driven cells over semisolid surfaces. This coordinated form of motility is called swarming behavior. Swarming is associated with enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance of various human pathogens and may be considered as favorable adaptation to the diverse challenges that microbes face in rapidly changing environments. Consequently, the differentiation of motile swarmer cells is tightly regulated and involves multi-layered signaling networks. Controlling swarming behavior is of major interest for the development of novel anti-infective strategies. In addition, compounds that block swarming represent important tools for more detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of the coordination of bacterial population behavior. Over the past decades, there has been major progress in the discovery of small-molecule modulators and mechanisms that allow selective inhibition of swarming behavior. Herein, an overview of the achievements in the field and future directions and challenges will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rütschlin
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research, School Chemical Biology, ZukunftskollegUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Thomas Böttcher
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research, School Chemical Biology, ZukunftskollegUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
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28
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Qian W, Sun Z, Wang T, Yang M, Liu M, Zhang J, Li Y. Antimicrobial activity of eugenol against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and its effect on biofilms. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103924. [PMID: 31837416 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary study found that eugenol expressed an antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the mechanism of action of eugenol against K. pneumoniae still remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to gain further insight into the antibacterial effect of eugenol against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and possible mode of action. Here, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol against CRKP strains was determined using the agar dilution method. Moreover, variations in intracellular ATP concentration, intracellular pH (pHin), membrane potential and membrane integrity were measured to evaluate the effect of eugenol on cell membrane. Besides, changes in cell structure and biofilm formation of CRKP as well as biofilm-associated cell damage were determined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Finally, gene expression of biofilm-related biosynthesis was investigated. The results showed that MICs of eugenol against four tested CRKP were 0.2 mg/mL. Eugenol damaged the cell membrane of CRKP, as evidenced by decreased intracellular ATP concentration, reduced pHin and cell membrane hyperpolarization, coupled with enhanced membrane permeability. Furthermore, eugenol compromised cell structure and induced loss of intracellular components of CRKP. Additionally, eugenol inhibited biofilm formation and inactivated biofilm CRKP cells. Finally, eugenol presented strong inhibitory effects on biofilm formation and biofilm-associated gene expression, and inactivated CRKP cells growing in biofilms. These findings suggest that eugenol exhibits antimicrobial effect against CRKP strains and could be potentially used to control CRKP-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Zhaohuan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
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29
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Transcriptomics: A powerful tool to evaluate the behavior of foodborne pathogens in the food production chain. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Deng J, Jiang H, Zhuang L, Ye W, Ma J, Jiang J, Feng L. Diketopiperazines Synthesis Gene in Shewanella baltica and Roles of Diketopiperazines and Resveratrol in Quorum Sensing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12013-12025. [PMID: 31589428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis pathways of quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules and the mechanism of action of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) have gained considerable attention as research topics in the field of food preservation. Here, Shewanella baltica was detected as the specific spoilage organism in large yellow croaker during 4 °C storage, and it produced the QS signal molecules autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and diketopiperazines (DKPs). Then, a cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS) homologous gene, sb1370, was screened, and knockout and rescue results revealed that this gene was involved in DKP synthesis but not in AI-2 synthesis, and it also played an important role in QS. Furthermore, fish fillets and mutant strains were treated with resveratrol, and the results suggested that resveratrol was an ideal QSI for inhibition of DKPs production via the sb1370 gene and reduced QS in S. baltica, thus delaying the process of fish spoilage during chilling storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Jingmin Deng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Hanyun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Liumin Zhuang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Wei Ye
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Jingyang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Lifang Feng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
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31
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Qian W, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang T, Liu M, Yang M, Sun Z, Li X, Li Y. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of paeoniflorin against carbapenem‐resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:401-413. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Qian
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - J. Zhang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - W. Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - T. Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - M. Liu
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - M. Yang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - Z. Sun
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - X. Li
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - Y. Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ningbo P. R. China
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32
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Corzo-Ariyama HA, García-Heredia A, Heredia N, García S, León J, Jaykus L, Solís-Soto L. Phylogroups, pathotypes, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates in farms and packing facilities of tomato, jalapeño pepper and cantaloupe from Northern Mexico. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 290:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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ESβL E. coli isolated in pig's chain: Genetic analysis associated to the phenotype and biofilm synthesis evaluation. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 289:162-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Stratakos AC, Linton M, Ward P, Campbell M, Kelly C, Pinkerton L, Stef L, Pet I, Stef D, Iancu T, Theodoridou K, Gundogdu O, Corcionivoschi N. The Antimicrobial Effect of a Commercial Mixture of Natural Antimicrobials Against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 16:119-129. [PMID: 30277811 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are important reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 and are considered as the major source of most foodborne outbreaks (e.g., 2017 outbreak in Germany, 2014 and 2016 outbreaks in United States, all linked to beef products). A promising strategy to reduce E. coli O157 is using antimicrobials to reduce the pathogen levels and/or virulence within the animal gastrointestinal tract and thus foodborne disease. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of a commercial mixture of natural antimicrobials against E. coli O157. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the antimicrobial were quantitatively determined and found to be 0.5% and 0.75% (v/v) of the natural antimicrobial, respectively. Microbial growth kinetics was also used to determine the effect of the antimicrobial on the pathogen. The natural antimicrobial affected the cell membrane of E. coli O157, as demonstrated by the increase in relative electric conductivity and increase in protein and nucleic acid release. The antimicrobial was also able to significantly reduce the concentration on E. coli O157 in a model rumen system. Biofilm assays showed that subinhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobial significantly reduced the E. coli 0157 biofilm forming capacity without influencing pathogen growth. In addition, the natural antimicrobial was able to reduce motility and exopolysaccharide production. Subinhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobial had no effect on AI-2 production. These findings suggest that the natural antimicrobial exerts an antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157 in vitro and in a model rumen system and could be potentially used to control this pathogen in the animal gut. The results also indicate that subinhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobial effectively reduce biofilm formation, motility, and exopolysaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Ch Stratakos
- 1 Veterinary Sciences Division, Bacteriology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland .,2 Auranta, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park , Belfield, Ireland
| | - Mark Linton
- 1 Veterinary Sciences Division, Bacteriology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Patrick Ward
- 2 Auranta, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park , Belfield, Ireland
| | - Mairead Campbell
- 3 Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Carmel Kelly
- 1 Veterinary Sciences Division, Bacteriology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Laurette Pinkerton
- 1 Veterinary Sciences Division, Bacteriology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Lavinia Stef
- 4 Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- 4 Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ducu Stef
- 4 Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Iancu
- 4 Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Katerina Theodoridou
- 3 Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- 5 Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- 1 Veterinary Sciences Division, Bacteriology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute , Belfast, Northern Ireland .,4 Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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35
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Torres AG, Amaral MM, Bentancor L, Galli L, Goldstein J, Krüger A, Rojas-Lopez M. Recent Advances in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Research in Latin America. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6040100. [PMID: 30274180 PMCID: PMC6313304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli are known to be a common cause of diarrheal disease and a frequently occurring bacterial infection in children and adults in Latin America. Despite the effort to combat diarrheal infections, the south of the American continent remains a hot spot for infections and sequelae associated with the acquisition of one category of pathogenic E. coli, the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). This review will focus on an overview of the prevalence of different STEC serotypes in human, animals and food products, focusing on recent reports from Latin America outlining the recent research progress achieved in this region to combat disease and endemicity in affected countries and to improve understanding on emerging serotypes and their virulence factors. Furthermore, this review will highlight the progress done in vaccine development and treatment and will also discuss the effort of the Latin American investigators to respond to the thread of STEC infections by establishing a multidisciplinary network of experts that are addressing STEC-associated animal, human and environmental health issues, while trying to reduce human disease. Regardless of the significant scientific contributions to understand and combat STEC infections worldwide, many significant challenges still exist and this review has focus in the Latin American efforts as an example of what can be accomplished when multiple groups have a common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Maria M Amaral
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Leticia Bentancor
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic and Applied Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires 1876, Argentina.
| | - Lucia Galli
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Ing. Fernando N. Dulout (UNLP-CONICET, La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Goldstein
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Houssay, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Krüger
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil 7000, Argentina.
| | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Preliminary study on the effect of brazilin on biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2108-2118. [PMID: 30186447 PMCID: PMC6122259 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms significantly enhance antibiotic resistance by inhibiting penetration of antibiotics and are shielded from the immune system via the formation of an extracellular polymeric matrix. Innovative and novel approaches are required for the inhibition of biofilm formation and treatment of biofilm-associated infectious diseases. In the current study, a biofilm model of Staphylococcus aureus was established in vitro to explore inhibitory effects of brazilin (BN) on biofilm formation and to evaluate damaging effects of BN in the presence and absence of vancomycin (VCM) on the biofilm. Antibiofilm-infection mechanisms of BN were observed. In these experiments, the clinical strain of S. aureus C-4-4 was isolated for biofilm formation. Crystal violet staining and fluorescence microscopy revealed that BN inhibited biofilm formation in vitro and the best effect was observed with two times the minimum inhibitory concentration of BN following 48 h incubation. Additionally, the results demonstrated that BN in combination with VCM enhanced the damage to biofilms, whereas VCM alone did not. The results of the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that BN downregulated gene expression of intercellular adhesion (ica)A and upregulated icaR and the quorum-sensing (QS) system regulator accessory gene regulator A. In summary, BN inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation and destroyed biofilms, while simultaneously increasing permeability to VCM. BN was able to reduce production of the extracellular polymeric matrix and inhibited the QS system. These results support the use of BN as a novel drug and treatment strategy for S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.
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Marchese A, Arciola CR, Coppo E, Barbieri R, Barreca D, Chebaibi S, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Daglia M. The natural plant compound carvacrol as an antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent: mechanisms, synergies and bio-inspired anti-infective materials. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:630-656. [PMID: 30067078 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1480756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol) is a natural compound that occurs in the leaves of a number of plants and herbs including wild bergamot, thyme and pepperwort, but which is most abundant in oregano. The aim of this review is to analyse the scientific data from the last five years (2012-2017) on the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of carvacrol, targeting different bacteria and fungi responsible for human infectious diseases. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm mechanisms of carvacrol and its synergies with antibiotics are illustrated. The potential of carvacrol-loaded anti-infective nanomaterials is underlined. Carvacrol shows excellent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities, and is a very interesting bioactive compound against fungi and a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and being active against both planktonic and sessile human pathogens. Moreover, carvacrol lends itself to being combined with nanomaterials, thus providing an opportunity for preventing biofilm-associated infections by new bio-inspired, anti-infective materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchese
- a Microbiology Section DISC-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- b Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
- c Research Unit on Implant Infections , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Erika Coppo
- d Microbiology Section DISC , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Ramona Barbieri
- d Microbiology Section DISC , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- e Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Salima Chebaibi
- f Department of Health and Environment, Science Faculty , University Moulay Ismail , Meknes , Morocco
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- g Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain
- h Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Central de Chile , Chile
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- i Applied Biotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- i Applied Biotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- j Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Rossi C, Chaves‐López C, Serio A, Anniballi F, Valbonetti L, Paparella A. Effect of
Origanum vulgare
essential oil on biofilm formation and motility capacity of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
strains isolated from discoloured Mozzarella cheese. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1220-1231. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - C. Chaves‐López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - A. Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - F. Anniballi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety National Reference Centre for Botulism Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome RM Italy
| | - L. Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - A. Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
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Fan W, Huang Z, Fan B. Effects of prolonged exposure to moderate static magnetic field and its synergistic effects with alkaline pH on Enterococcus faecalis. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:117-122. [PMID: 29241767 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Static magnetic field (SMF) has been shown to biologically affect various microorganisms, but its effects on Enterococcus faecalis, which is associated with multiple dental infections, have not been reported yet. Besides, Enterococcus faecalis was found to be resistant to the alkaline environment provided by a major dental antimicrobial, calcium hydroxide. Therefore, the antibacterial activity of prolonged exposure to moderate SMF (170 mT) and its possible synergistic activity with alkaline pH (pH = 9) were evaluated in the study. The ability to form a biofilm under these conditions was examined by crystal violet assay. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the relative expression of stress (dnaK and groEL) and virulence (efaA, ace, gelE and fsrC) related genes. As the results indicated, cell proliferation was inhibited after 120 h of SMF exposure. What's more, the combined treatment of SMF and alkaline pH showed significantly improved antimicrobial action when compared to single SMF and alkaline pH treatment for more than 24 h and 72 h respectively. However, the ability to form a biofilm was also enhanced under SMF and alkaline pH treatments. SMF can induce stress response by up-regulating the expression of dnaK and elevate virulence gene expression (efaA and ace). These responses were more significant and more genes were up-regulated including groEL, gelE and fsrC when exposed to SMF and alkaline pH simultaneously. Hence, combination of SMF and alkaline pH could be a promising disinfection strategy in dental area and other areas associated with Enterococcus faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Dixit S, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK, Seth PK, Bajpai VK. Roles of quorum sensing molecules from Rhizobium etli RT1 in bacterial motility and biofilm formation. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:815-821. [PMID: 28735852 PMCID: PMC5628318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain RT1 was isolated from root nodules of Lens culinaris (a lentil) and characterized as Rhizobium etli (a Gram-negative soil-borne bacterium) by 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The signaling molecules produced by R. etli (RT1) were detected and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The most abundant and biologically active N-acyl homoserine lactone molecules (3-oxo-C8-HSL and 3-OH-C14-HSL) were detected in the ethyl acetate extract of RT1. The biological role of 3-oxo-C8-HSL was evaluated in RT1. Bacterial motility and biofilm formation were affected or modified on increasing concentrations of 3-oxo-C8-HSL. Results confirmed the existence of cell communication in RT1 mediated by 3-oxo-C8-HSL, and positive correlations were found among quorum sensing, motility and biofilm formation in RT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnita Dixit
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Dubey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
| | | | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Xu Y, Shi C, Wu Q, Zheng Z, Liu P, Li G, Peng X, Xia X. Antimicrobial Activity of Punicalagin Against Staphylococcus aureus and Its Effect on Biofilm Formation. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:282-287. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Food and Bioengineering College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Sino-US Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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