1
|
Bello-López E, Escobedo-Muñoz AS, Guerrero G, Cruz-Córdova A, Garza-González E, Hernández-Castro R, Zarain PL, Morfín-Otero R, Volkow P, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Cevallos MA. Acinetobacter pittii: the emergence of a hospital-acquired pathogen analyzed from the genomic perspective. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412775. [PMID: 38989032 PMCID: PMC11233732 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter pittii has increasingly been associated with several types of hospital-acquired severe infections. Genes implicated in carbapenem resistance, tigecycline resistance, or genes encoding extended spectrum cephalosporinases, such as blaADC, are commonly found in isolates implicated in these infections. A. pittii strains that are pandrug resistant have occasionally been identified. Food for human consumption, animals and plants are environmental sources of this pathogen. An alarming situation is that A. pitti has been identified as responsible for outbreaks in different regions worldwide. In this study, 384 genomes of A. pittii were analyzed, comprising sequences from clinical and non-clinical origins from 32 countries. The objective was to investigate if clinical strains possess genetic traits facilitating hospital adaptation. Results indicate significant genomic variability in terms of size and gene content among A. pittii isolates. The core genome represents a small portion (25-36%) of each isolate's genome, while genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence predominantly belong to the accessory genome. Notably, antibiotic resistance genes are encoded by a diverse array of plasmids. As the core genome between environmental and hospital isolates is the same, we can assume that hospital isolates acquired ARGs due to a high selective pressure in these settings. The strain's phylogeographic distribution indicates that there is no geographical bias in the isolate distribution; isolates from different geographic regions are dispersed throughout a core genome phylogenetic tree. A single clade may include isolates from extremely distant geographical areas. Furthermore, strains isolated from the environment or animal, or plant sources frequently share the same clade as hospital isolates. Our analysis showed that the clinical isolates do not already possess specific genes, other than antibiotic-resistant genes, to thrive in the hospital setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bello-López
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ana Sofía Escobedo-Muñoz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Guerrero
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Unidad de Análisis Bioinformáticos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina/Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Lozano Zarain
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Laboratorio de Microbiología Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Patricia Volkow
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Cevallos
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Son SM, Ahn E, Ahn S, Cho S, Ryu S. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter spp. on soil and crops collected from agricultural fields in South Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1931-1937. [PMID: 38752113 PMCID: PMC11091005 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter spp. is a rising public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes and the virulence of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from soil and crops obtained from agricultural fields in South Korea. Eight Acinetobacter spp. isolates carried various antibiotic resistance genes, such as emrAB (100%), cat/craA (100%), and aadA gene (87.5%). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis revealed that strains harboring antibiotic resistance genes exhibited high resistance to the respective antibiotics, such as colistin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. Interestingly, most of these isolates had high capability of biofilm formation and swarming motility, along with faster growth rates. Taken together, our study demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter isolated from agricultural settings in South Korea not only frequently carries antibiotic resistance genes but also has virulence-related traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01496-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Son
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Ahn
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- eGnome Inc., Seoul, 05836 Republic of Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- eGnome Inc., Seoul, 05836 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Costa-Ribeiro A, Azinheiro S, Mota S, Prado M, Lamas A, Garrido-Maestu A. Assessment of the presence of Acinetobacter spp. resistant to β-lactams in commercial ready-to-eat salad samples. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104410. [PMID: 38049272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial infection causing agent. However, other Acinetobacter spp. have also been implicated in cases of human infection. Additionally, these bacteria are known for the development of antibiotic resistance thus making the treatment of the infections they cause, challenging. Due to their relevance in clinical setups less attention has been paid to their presence in foods, and its relation with infection/dissemination routes. In the current study commercial Ready-To-Eat (RTE) salads were analyzed seeking for antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter spp. A preliminary screening allowed us to recover Gram-negative bacteria resistant to β - lactams using cefotaxime, third generation cephalosporins, as the selective agent, and this was followed by identification with CHROMagar™ Acinetobacter and 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, the isolates identified as Acinetobacter spp. were reanalyzed by PCR to determine the presence of nine potential Extended Spectrum β Lactamases (ESBL). Two commercial RTE salad brands were included in the study (2 batches per brand and 8 samples of each batch making a total of 32 independent samples), and compared against an organic lettuce. High concentrations of β - lactam, resistant bacteria were found in all the samples tested (5 log CFU/g). Additionally, 209 isolates were phenotypically characterized on CHROMagar Acinetobacter. Finally, PCR analysis identified the presence of different ESBL genes, being positive for blaACC, blaSHV, blaDHA and blaVEB; out of these, blaACC was the most prevalent. None of the isolates screened were positive for more than one gene. To conclude, it is important to highlight the fact that pathogenic species within the genus Acinetobacter spp., other than A. baumannii, have been identified bearing resistance genes not typically associated to these microorganisms highlight the importance of continuous surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- Health and Environment Research Center, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 712, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra Mota
- Health and Environment Research Center, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 712, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu G, Li Y, Lin X, Yu Y. Effects and mechanisms of polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes from soil to lettuce. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169293. [PMID: 38104810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Effects of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil-plant systems are still unclear. To investigate the spread and mechanisms of ARGs from soil to lettuce, lettuce was exposed to soil spiked with two environmentally relevant concentrations of polystyrene MPs (100 μm) and NPs (100 nm). Results showed that microorganisms that carried ARGs in soil were increased after exposure to MPs/NPs, which led to an increase in ARGs in roots. NPs were absorbed by roots and can be transported to leaves. Analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics indicated that high concentration of NPs regulated the expression of related genes and proteins and improved the accumulation of flavonoids in the lettuce, therefore decreased the abundance of microorganisms that contained ARGs. Our work emphasizes the size and dose influences of MPs and NPs on the spread of ARGs from soil to plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kasperski T, Romaniszyn D, Jachowicz-Matczak E, Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Wójkowska-Mach J, Chmielarczyk A. Extensive Drug Resistance of Strong Biofilm-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Infections and Colonization Hospitalized Patients in Southern Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:975. [PMID: 37623935 PMCID: PMC10459043 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a bacterium that causes infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Treatment is challenging due to biofilm formation by AB strains, which hinders antibiotic effectiveness and promotes drug resistance. The aim of our study was to analyze the biofilm-producing capacity of AB isolates from various forms of infections in relation to biofilm-related genes and their drug resistance. We tested one hundred isolates for biofilm formation using the crystal violet microplate method. Drug resistance analyses were performed based on EUCAST and CLSI guidelines, and biofilm genes were detected using PCR. All tested strains were found to form biofilms, with 50% being ICU strains and 72% classified as strong biofilm producers. Among these, 87% were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and 2% were extra-extensively drug-resistant (E-XDR). The most common gene set was bap, bfmS, csuE, and ompA, found in 57% of all isolates. Our research shows that, regardless of the form of infection, biofilm-forming strains can be expected among AB isolates. The emergence of E-XDR and XDR strains among non-ICU infections highlights the necessity for the rational use of antibiotics to stop or limit the further acquisition of drug resistance by A. baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kasperski
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Estera Jachowicz-Matczak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory of Ruda Slaska, KORLAB NZOZ, 41-703 Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ekundayo TC, Adewoyin MA, Ijabadeniyi OA, Igbinosa EO, Okoh AI. Machine learning-guided determination of Acinetobacter density in waterbodies receiving municipal and hospital wastewater effluents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7749. [PMID: 37173379 PMCID: PMC10177717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A smart artificial intelligent system (SAIS) for Acinetobacter density (AD) enumeration in waterbodies represents an invaluable strategy for avoidance of repetitive, laborious, and time-consuming routines associated with its determination. This study aimed to predict AD in waterbodies using machine learning (ML). AD and physicochemical variables (PVs) data from three rivers monitored via standard protocols in a year-long study were fitted to 18 ML algorithms. The models' performance was assayed using regression metrics. The average pH, EC, TDS, salinity, temperature, TSS, TBS, DO, BOD, and AD was 7.76 ± 0.02, 218.66 ± 4.76 µS/cm, 110.53 ± 2.36 mg/L, 0.10 ± 0.00 PSU, 17.29 ± 0.21 °C, 80.17 ± 5.09 mg/L, 87.51 ± 5.41 NTU, 8.82 ± 0.04 mg/L, 4.00 ± 0.10 mg/L, and 3.19 ± 0.03 log CFU/100 mL respectively. While the contributions of PVs differed in values, AD predicted value by XGB [3.1792 (1.1040-4.5828)] and Cubist [3.1736 (1.1012-4.5300)] outshined other algorithms. Also, XGB (MSE = 0.0059, RMSE = 0.0770; R2 = 0.9912; MAD = 0.0440) and Cubist (MSE = 0.0117, RMSE = 0.1081, R2 = 0.9827; MAD = 0.0437) ranked first and second respectively, in predicting AD. Temperature was the most important feature in predicting AD and ranked first by 10/18 ML-algorithms accounting for 43.00-83.30% mean dropout RMSE loss after 1000 permutations. The two models' partial dependence and residual diagnostics sensitivity revealed their efficient AD prognosticating accuracies in waterbodies. In conclusion, a fully developed XGB/Cubist/XGB-Cubist ensemble/web SAIS app for AD monitoring in waterbodies could be deployed to shorten turnaround time in deciding microbiological quality of waterbodies for irrigation and other purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temitope C Ekundayo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Mary A Adewoyin
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural, Applied and Health Sciences, Anchor University, Ayobo Road, Ipaja, P. M. B. 001, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Ijabadeniyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Etinosa O Igbinosa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan X, Su J, Zhou S, An X, Li H. Plant cultivar determined bacterial community and potential risk of antibiotic resistance gene spread in the phyllosphere. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:508-518. [PMID: 36522081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global increased antibiotic resistance level in pathogenic microbes has posed a significant threat to human health. Fresh vegetables have been recognized to be an important vehicle of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from environments to human beings. Phyllosphere ARGs have been indicated to be changed with plant species, yet the influence of plant cultivar on the phyllospheric resistome is still unclear. Here, we detected the ARGs and bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of two cultivars of cilantros and their corresponding soils using high-throughput quantitative PCR technique and bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing, respectively. We further identified the potential bacterial pathogens and analyzed the effects of plant cultivar on ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), microbiome and potential bacterial pathogens. The results showed that the cultivars did not affect the ARG abundance and composition, but significantly shaped the abundance of MGEs and the composition structure of bacteria in the phyllosphere. The relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens was significantly higher in the phyllosphere than that in soils. Mantel test showed that the ARG patterns were significantly correlated to the patterns of potential bacterial pathogens. Our results suggested that the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in the phyllosphere might be different between the two cultivars of cilantro and highlighted the higher risk of phyllospheric microorganisms compared with those in soils. These findings extend our knowledge on the vegetable microbiomes, ARGs, and potential pathogens, suggesting more agricultural and hygiene protocols are needed to control the risk of foodborne ARGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyidan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinli An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prevalence and Characterization of Beta-Lactam and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Organic Fresh Produce Retailed in Eastern Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020387. [PMID: 36830297 PMCID: PMC9952115 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are potential reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance determinants, but few studies have focused specifically on organic vegetables. The present study aimed to determine the presence of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)- and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria on fresh organic vegetables produced in the city of Valencia (Spain). Main expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-encoding genes were also detected in the isolates. One hundred and fifteen samples were analyzed using selective media supplemented with cefotaxime and meropenem. Resistance assays for twelve relevant antibiotics in medical use were performed using a disc diffusion test. A total of 161 isolates were tested. Overall, 33.5% presented multidrug resistance and 16.8% were resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics tested. Imipenem resistance was observed in 18% of isolates, and low resistance levels were found to ceftazidime and meropenem. Opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter spp., Raoultella sp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were detected, all presenting high rates of resistance. PCR assays revealed blaVIM to be the most frequently isolated ESBL-encoding gene, followed by blaTEM and blaOXA-48. These results confirm the potential of fresh vegetables to act as reservoirs for 3GC- and carbapenem-producing ARB. Further studies must be carried out to determine the impact of raw organic food on the spread of AMRs into the community.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zou D, Chang J, Lu S, Xu J, Hu P, Zhang K, Sun X, Guo W, Li Y, Liu Z, Ren H. Analysis of virulence proteins in pathogenic Acinetobacter baumannii to provide early warning of zoonotic risk. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
10
|
Šilha D, Syrová P, Syrová L, Janečková J. Smoothie Drinks: Possible Source of Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Microorganisms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244039. [PMID: 36553778 PMCID: PMC9778333 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoothie drinks are currently very popular drinks sold especially in fast food establishments. However, smoothies are a significant source of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of smoothies purchased in Eastern Bohemia. A higher prevalence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (5.4-7.2 log CFU/mL), yeast (4.4-5.9 log CFU/mL) and coliform bacteria (3.1-6.0 log CFU/mL) was observed in vegetable smoothies, in which even the occurrence of enterococci (1.6-3.3 log CFU/mL) was observed. However, the occurrence of S. aureus, Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. was not observed in any samples. Nevertheless, antimicrobial resistance was observed in 71.8% of the isolated strains. The highest level of resistance was found in isolates from smoothie drinks with predominantly vegetable contents (green smoothie drinks). Considerable resistance was observed in Gram-negative rods, especially to amoxicillin (82.2%) and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (55.6%). Among enterococci, only one vancomycin-resistant strain was detected. The vast majority of isolated strains were able to form biofilms at a significant level, which increases the clinical importance of these microorganisms. The highest biofilm production was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kocuria kristinae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Overall, significant biofilm production was also noted among isolates of Candida spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Šilha
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532-10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Petra Syrová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532-10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Syrová
- Department of Infectious Diagnostics, Hospital of the Pardubice Region, Jana Evangelisty Purkyně 652, 570-14 Litomysl, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janečková
- Department of Infectious Diagnostics, Hospital of the Pardubice Region, Jana Evangelisty Purkyně 652, 570-14 Litomysl, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yadav M, Dhyani S, Joshi P, Awasthi S, Tanwar S, Gupta V, Rathore DK, Chaudhuri S. Formic acid, an organic acid food preservative, induces viable-but-non-culturable state, and triggers new Antimicrobial Resistance traits in Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966207. [PMID: 36504816 PMCID: PMC9730046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous human pathogens, especially Gram-negative bacteria, are able to enter the viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state when they are exposed to environmental stressors and pose the risk of being resuscitated and causing infection after the removal of the trigger. Widely used food preservatives like weak organic acids are potential VBNC inducers in food processing and packaging facilities but have only been reported for food-borne pathogens. In the present study, it is demonstrated for the first time that one such agent, formic acid (FA), can induce a VBNC state at food processing, storage, and distribution temperatures (4, 25, and 37°C) with a varied time of treatment (days 4-10) in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The use of hospital-associated pathogens is critical based on the earlier reports that demonstrated the presence of these bacteria in hospital kitchens and commonly consumed foods. VBNC induction was validated by multiple parameters, e.g., non-culturability, metabolic activity as energy production, respiratory markers, and membrane integrity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the removal of FA was able to resuscitate VBNC with an increased expression of multiple virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) genes in both pathogens. Since food additives/preservatives are significantly used in most food manufacturing facilities supplying to hospitals, contamination of these packaged foods with pathogenic bacteria and the consequence of exposure to food additives emerge as pertinent issues for infection control, and control of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susmita Chaudhuri
- Department of Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Riva V, Patania G, Riva F, Vergani L, Crotti E, Mapelli F. Acinetobacter baylyi Strain BD413 Can Acquire an Antibiotic Resistance Gene by Natural Transformation on Lettuce Phylloplane and Enter the Endosphere. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091231. [PMID: 36140010 PMCID: PMC9495178 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance spread must be considered in a holistic framework which comprises the agri-food ecosystems, where plants can be considered a bridge connecting water and soil habitats with the human microbiome. However, the study of horizontal gene transfer events within the plant microbiome is still overlooked. Here, the environmental strain Acinetobacter baylyi BD413 was used to study the acquisition of extracellular DNA (exDNA) carrying an antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) on lettuce phylloplane, performing experiments at conditions (i.e., plasmid quantities) mimicking those that can be found in a water reuse scenario. Moreover, we assessed how the presence of a surfactant, a co-formulant widely used in agriculture, affected exDNA entry in bacteria and plant tissues, besides the penetration and survival of bacteria into the leaf endosphere. Natural transformation frequency in planta was comparable to that occurring under optimal conditions (i.e., temperature, nutrient provision, and absence of microbial competitors), representing an entrance pathway of ARGs into an epiphytic bacterium able to penetrate the endosphere of a leafy vegetable. The presence of the surfactant determined a higher presence of culturable transformant cells in the leaf tissues but did not significantly increase exDNA entry in A. baylyi BD413 cells and lettuce leaves. More research on HGT (Horizontal Gene Transfer) mechanisms in planta should be performed to obtain experimental data on produce safety in terms of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ababneh Q, Abu Laila S, Jaradat Z. Prevalence, genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urban environments. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3617-3633. [PMID: 36002793 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial pathogen that has been isolated from different clinical sources. This pathogen also causes community-acquired infections, with mortality rates as high as 64%. The exact natural habitat of this bacterium is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of A. baumannii in diverse soil and high-touch surface samples collected from a university campus, malls, parks, hypermarkets and produce markets, roundabout playground slides, and bank ATMs. METHODS AND RESULTS All obtained isolates were characterized for their antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation capacities, and were typed by multi-locus sequence analysis. A total of 63 A. baumannii isolates were recovered, along with 46 A. pittii and 8 A. nosocomialis isolates. Sequence typing revealed that 25 A. baumannii isolates are novel strains. Toilets and sink washing basins were the most contaminated surfaces, accounting for almost 50% of the recovered isolates. A number of A. baumannii (n=10), A. pittii (n=19) and A. nosocomialis (n=5) isolates were recovered from handles of shopping carts and baskets. The majority of isolates were strong biofilm formers and 4 exhibited a multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to highlight community restrooms and shopping carts as potential reservoirs for pathogenic Acinetobacter species. Further studies are required to identify the reasons associated with the occurrence of A. baumannii inside restrooms. Proper disinfection of community environmental surfaces and spreading awareness about the importance of hand hygiene may prevent the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria within the community. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Serious gaps remain in our knowledge of how A. baumannii spreads to cause disease. This study will advance our understanding of how this pathogen spreads between healthcare and community environments. In addition, our findings will help healthcare decision makers implement better measures to control and limit further transmission of A. baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qutaiba Ababneh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sally Abu Laila
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ziad Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ababneh Q, Al-Rousan E, Jaradat Z. Fresh produce as a potential vehicle for transmission of Acinetobacter baumannii. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-022-00092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium that has gained a stronghold inside healthcare settings. Due to the ability of A. baumannii to acquire antibiotic resistance easily, its presence in food products could pose a major threat to the public health. The aim of this study therefore, was to investigate the prevalence of A. baumannii in fresh produce and study their genetic diversity. A total of 234 samples of vegetables and fruits were collected. A. baumannii isolates were identified using CHROMagar and two different PCR assays. Also, the isolates were tested for their ability to resist antibiotics and form biofilms. The genetic diversity of the isolates was determined using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Of the 234 samples collected, 10 (6.5%) and 7 (8.75%) A. baumannii isolates were recovered from vegetables and fruits, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 4 of these isolates were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). All isolates were able to form biofilms and MLST analysis revealed 6 novel strains. This study demonstrated that fresh produce constitutes a reservoir for A. baumannii, including strong biofilm formers and XDR strains. This represents a significant concern to public health because vegetables and fruits may serve as a vehicle for the spread of A. baumannii and antibiotic resistance into the community and healthcare settings.
Collapse
|
15
|
Acacia Fiber Protects the Gut from Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Colonization Enabled by Antibiotics. mSphere 2022; 7:e0007122. [PMID: 35582906 PMCID: PMC9241499 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00071-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches to combating antibiotic resistance are needed given the ever-continuing rise of antibiotic resistance and the scarce discovery of new antibiotics. Little is known about the colonization dynamics and the role of intrinsic plant-food characteristics in this process. We sought to determine whether plant fiber could alter colonization dynamics by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut. We determined that ingestion of antibiotics in mice markedly enhanced gut colonization by a pathogenic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strain of human origin, E. coli JJ1886 (ST131-H30Rx). Furthermore, ingestion of soluble acacia fiber before and after antibiotic exposure significantly reduced pathogenic E. coli colonization. 16S rRNA analysis and ex vivo cocultures demonstrated that fiber protected the microbiome by serving as a prebiotic, which induced native gut E. coli to inhibit pathogenic E. coli via colicin M. Fiber may be a useful prebiotic with which to administer antibiotics to protect human and livestock gut microbiomes against colonization from antibiotic-resistant, pathogenic bacteria. IMPORTANCE A One Health-based strategy-the concept that human health and animal health are interconnected with the environment-is necessary to determine the drivers of antibiotic resistance from food to the clinic. Moreover, humans can ingest antibiotic-resistant bacteria on food and asymptomatically, or "silently," carry such bacteria in the gut long before they develop an opportunistic extraintestinal infection. Here, we determined that fiber-rich foods, in particular acacia fiber, may be a new, promising, and inexpensive prebiotic to administer with antibiotics to protect the mammalian (i.e., human and livestock) gut against such colonization by antibiotic-resistant, pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
|
16
|
Analysis of migration of pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria to soils and groundwater after fertilization with sewage sludge. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256936. [PMID: 34914715 PMCID: PMC8675741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper discusses the analysis of the effect of using sewage sludge for fertilization on the level of soil and groundwater contamination with drug-resistant bacteria. Other sanitary contaminants in these environments were also analysed. Composted sewage sludge was introduced into the sandy soil over a period of 6 months. The examinations were conducted under conditions of a lysimetric experiment with the possibility of collecting soil leachates (in natural conditions). The following doses of sewage sludge were used: 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/ha calculated per experimental object containing 10 kg of sandy soil. The research were carried out within the time frame of one year. Dactylis glomerata grass was grown on the fertilized soils. In soils and leachates from soils (which may have polluted groundwater) collected from fertilized experimental objects, the sanitary condition and quantity of drug-resistant bacteria (mainly from the families Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus) were analysed one year after fertilization. Their drug resistance to selected antibiotics was also analysed based on current recommendations. The study showed that fertilization with sewage sludge (even after stabilization and hygienization) results in contamination of soil and infiltrating waters with many species of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The lowest level of contamination of soil and water environment was found after the application of sewage sludge at a dose of 10 t/ha. The isolated drug-resistant strains of intestinal bacteria were less sensitive to older generations of antibiotics including cefazolin, ampicillin, and co-amoxiclav.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu H, Chen Z, Huang R, Cui Y, Li Q, Zhao Y, Wang X, Mao D, Luo Y, Ren H. Antibiotic Resistance Gene-Carrying Plasmid Spreads into the Plant Endophytic Bacteria using Soil Bacteria as Carriers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10462-10470. [PMID: 34114802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Applications of animal manure and treated wastewater could enrich antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the plant microbiome. However, the mechanistic studies of the transmission of ARB and ARGs from the environment to plant endophytic bacteria were few. Herein, a genetically engineered fluorescent Escherichia coli harboring a conjugative RP4 plasmid that carries three ARGs was used to trace its spread into Arabidopsis thaliana interior in a tetracycline-amended hydroponic system in the absence or presence of a simulated soil bacterial community. Confocal microscope observation demonstrated that E. coli was internalized into plant tissues and the carried RP4 plasmid was transferred into plant endophytic bacteria. More importantly, we observed that soil bacteria inhibited the internalization of E. coli but substantially promoted RP4 plasmid spread into the plant microbiome. The altered RP4-carrying bacterial community composition in the plant microbiome and the increased core-shared RP4-carrying bacteria number between plant interior and exterior in the presence of soil bacteria collectively confirmed that soil bacteria, especially Proteobacteria, might capture RP4 from E. coli and then translocate into plant microbiome, resulting in the increased RP4 plasmid spread in the plant endophytes. Overall, our findings provided important insights into the dissemination of ARB and ARGs from the environment to the plant microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruiyang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuxiao Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Municipal Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Andreadelli A, Petrakis S, Tsoureki A, Tsiolas G, Michailidou S, Baltzopoulou P, van Merkestein R, Hodgson P, Sceats M, Karagiannakis G, Makris AM. Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Microparticle Foliar Treatment on Tomato PR Gene Expression and Leaf Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061217. [PMID: 34199815 PMCID: PMC8228823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, metal oxides and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface-to-volume ratios were shown to possess antibacterial properties with applications in biomedicine and agriculture. To assess recent observations from field trials on tomatoes showing resistance to pathogen attacks, porous micron-scale particles composed of nano-grains of MgO were hydrated and sprayed on the leaves of healthy tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in a 20-day program. The results showed that the spray induced (a) a modest and selective stress gene response that was consistent with the absence of phytotoxicity and the production of salicylic acid as a signalling response to pathogens; (b) a shift of the phylloplane microbiota from near 100% dominance by Gram (−) bacteria, leaving extremophiles and cyanobacteria to cover the void; and (c) a response of the fungal leaf phylloplane that showed that the leaf epiphytome was unchanged but the fungal load was reduced by about 70%. The direct microbiome changes together with the low level priming of the plant’s immune system may explain the previously observed resistance to pathogen assaults in field tomato plants sprayed with the same hydrated porous micron-scale particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Andreadelli
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.); (A.T.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Spyros Petrakis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.); (A.T.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Antiopi Tsoureki
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.); (A.T.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - George Tsiolas
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.); (A.T.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sofia Michailidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.); (A.T.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Penelope Baltzopoulou
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.B.); (G.K.)
| | | | - Philip Hodgson
- Calix Limited, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia; (R.v.M.); (P.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Sceats
- Calix Limited, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia; (R.v.M.); (P.H.); (M.S.)
| | - George Karagiannakis
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.B.); (G.K.)
| | - Antonios M. Makris
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas (CERTH), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.); (A.T.); (G.T.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2311-257-541
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello H, Berendonk T, Cavaco LM, Gaze W, Schmitt H, Topp E, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, Peixe L. Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06651. [PMID: 34178158 PMCID: PMC8210462 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX -M, bla VIM, bla NDM, bla OXA -48-like, bla OXA -23, mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.
Collapse
|
20
|
Skandalis N, Maeusli M, Papafotis D, Miller S, Lee B, Theologidis I, Luna B. Environmental Spread of Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:640. [PMID: 34071771 PMCID: PMC8226744 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a global health concern. Soil, water, livestock and plant foods are directly or indirectly exposed to antibiotics due to their agricultural use or contamination. This selective pressure has acted synergistically to bacterial competition in nature to breed antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria. Research over the past few decades has focused on the emergence of AR pathogens in food products that can cause disease outbreaks and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but One Health approaches have lately expanded the focus to include commensal bacteria as ARG donors. Despite the attempts of national and international authorities of developed and developing countries to reduce the over-prescription of antibiotics to humans and the use of antibiotics as livestock growth promoters, the selective flow of antibiotic resistance transmission from the environment to the clinic (and vice-versa) is increasing. This review focuses on the mechanisms of ARG transmission and the hotspots of antibiotic contamination resulting in the subsequent emergence of ARGs. It follows the transmission of ARGs from farm to plant and animal food products and provides examples of the impact of ARG flow to clinical settings. Understudied and emerging antibiotic resistance selection determinants, such as heavy metal and biocide contamination, are also discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Skandalis
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (N.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marlène Maeusli
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (N.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT 6419, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (S.M.); (B.L.)
| | - Dimitris Papafotis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Sarah Miller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT 6419, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (S.M.); (B.L.)
| | - Bosul Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT 6419, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (S.M.); (B.L.)
| | - Ioannis Theologidis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Brian Luna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT 6419, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (S.M.); (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Draft Genome Sequence of Environmental Isolate Acinetobacter nosocomialis U20-HoPe-S34-3 from Germany. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0028621. [PMID: 34042479 PMCID: PMC8201640 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00286-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter nosocomialis U20-HoPe-S34-3, isolated from soil sampled from the banks of the river Holtemme in Germany, is provided. The strain has an average nucleotide identity of 98.3% to the type strain of the species.
Collapse
|
22
|
Eshetea BB, Addy N, Ewing L, Beaubrun JJG, Eribo B. Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics and Prevalence in Kitfo, an Ethiopian Beef Tartar. J Food Prot 2021; 84:152-159. [PMID: 33411928 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kitfo is a version of beef tartar widely consumed in the Ethiopian community. It is made from raw minced beef and a blend of powdered spice and butter. Although previous studies have shown that kitfo contains several bacteria that are of public health concern, the status of their antibiotic resistance is not known. In this study, the antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from 26 retail kitfo samples obtained from the Washington metropolitan area was analyzed. Characterization and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates were determined by the Vitek 2 system and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to delineate the intraspecies variations. Of the isolates, 59% were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas luteola were multidrug resistant to the classes of β-lactam, cephalosporins, and nitrofurantoin. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates was cefazolin (59%), cefoxitin (50%), ampicillin (32%), and nitrofuran (18%). Most isolates (75%) were Enterobacteriaceae, whereas only 3.8 and 2.6% were Pseudomonadaceae and Moraxellaceae, respectively. Of the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. were the most predominant. All isolates except Klebsiella spp. showed high genetic variation (>65%). This study implicates for the first time kitfo as a potential reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Addy
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
| | - Laura Ewing
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
| | - Junia Jean-Gilles Beaubrun
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
| | - Broderick Eribo
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1897-8050 [B.E.])
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen C, Cui CY, Yu JJ, He Q, Wu XT, He YZ, Cui ZH, Li C, Jia QL, Shen XG, Sun RY, Wang XR, Wang MG, Tang T, Zhang Y, Liao XP, Kreiswirth BN, Zhou SD, Huang B, Du H, Sun J, Chen L, Liu YH. Genetic diversity and characteristics of high-level tigecycline resistance Tet(X) in Acinetobacter species. Genome Med 2020; 12:111. [PMID: 33287863 PMCID: PMC7722449 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent emergence and dissemination of high-level mobile tigecycline resistance Tet(X) challenge the clinical effectiveness of tigecycline, one of the last-resort therapeutic options for complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Although tet(X) has been found in various bacterial species, less is known about phylogeographic distribution and phenotypic variance of different genetic variants. METHODS Herein, we conducted a multiregional whole-genome sequencing study of tet(X)-positive Acinetobacter isolates from human, animal, and their surrounding environmental sources in China. The molecular and enzymatic features of tet(X) variants were characterized by clonal expression, microbial degradation, reverse transcription, and gene transfer experiments, while the tet(X) genetic diversity and molecular evolution were explored by comparative genomic and Bayesian evolutionary analyses. RESULTS We identified 193 tet(X)-positive isolates from 3846 samples, with the prevalence ranging from 2.3 to 25.3% in nine provinces in China. The tet(X) was broadly distributed in 12 Acinetobacter species, including six novel species firstly described here. Besides tet(X3) (n = 188) and tet(X4) (n = 5), two tet(X5) variants, tet(X5.2) (n = 36) and tet(X5.3) (n = 4), were also found together with tet(X3) or tet(X4) but without additive effects on tetracyclines. These tet(X)-positive Acinetobacter spp. isolates exhibited 100% resistance rates to tigecycline and tetracycline, as well as high minimum inhibitory concentrations to eravacycline (2-8 μg/mL) and omadacycline (8-16 μg/mL). Genetic analysis revealed that different tet(X) variants shared an analogous ISCR2-mediated transposon structure. The molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that Tet(X) variants likely shared the same common ancestor with the chromosomal monooxygenases that are found in environmental Flavobacteriaceae bacteria, but sequence divergence suggested separation ~ 9900 years ago (7887 BC), presumably associated with the mobilization of tet(X)-like genes through horizontal transfer. CONCLUSIONS Four tet(X) variants were identified in this study, and they were widely distributed in multiple Acinetobacter spp. strains from various ecological niches across China. Our research also highlighted the crucial role of ISCR2 in mobilizing tet(X)-like genes between different Acinetobacter species and explored the evolutionary history of Tet(X)-like monooxygenases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical impact of these mobile tigecycline resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yue Cui
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Yu
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, WENS Foodstuff Group Co Ltd, Xinxing, China
| | - Qian He
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhang He
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hua Cui
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cang Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Jia
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan-Yang Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ge Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Shi-Dan Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA.
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Makinde OM, Adetunji MC, Ezeokoli OT, Odumosu BT, Ngoma L, Mwanza M, Ezekiel CN. Bacterial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in ready-to-eat foods vended in Ogun state, Nigeria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:187-195. [PMID: 33030749 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods by pathogenic bacteria may predispose consumers to foodborne diseases. This study investigated the presence of bacterial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in three locally processed RTE foods (eko, fufu and zobo) vended in urban markets in Ogun state, Nigeria. Bacteria isolated from a total of 120 RTE food samples were identified by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny while susceptibility patterns to eight classes of antibiotics were determined by the disc diffusion method. Species belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were recovered from all RTE food types investigated, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus were recovered from eko and fufu samples, while those of Shigella were recovered from eko samples. Enterobacter hormaechei was the most prevalent species in all three RTE food types. Precisely 99% of 149 isolates were multidrug-resistant, suggesting a high risk for RTE food handlers and consumers. Co-resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin was the most frequently observed resistance phenotype. Results demonstrate that improved hygiene practices by food processors and vendors are urgently required during RTE processing and retail. Also, adequate food safety guidelines, regulation and enforcement by relevant government agencies are needed to improve the safety of RTE foods and ensure the protection of consumer health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Makinde
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M C Adetunji
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, Trinity University, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O T Ezeokoli
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - B T Odumosu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - L Ngoma
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - M Mwanza
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - C N Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Carvalheira A, Silva J, Teixeira P. Acinetobacter spp. in food and drinking water - A review. Food Microbiol 2020; 95:103675. [PMID: 33397609 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as a pathogen of major public health concern due to their increased resistance to antibiotics and their association with a wide range of nosocomial infections, community-acquired infections and war and natural disaster-related infections. It is recognized as a ubiquitous organism however, information about the prevalence of different pathogenic species of this genus in food sources and drinking water is scarce. Since the implementation of molecular techniques, the role of foods as a source of several species, including the Acinetobacter baumannii group, has been elucidated. Multidrug resistance was also detected among Acinetobacter spp. isolated from food products. This highlights the importance of foods as potential sources of dissemination of Acinetobacter spp. between the community and clinical environments and reinforces the need for further investigations on the potential health risks of Acinetobacter spp. as foodborne pathogens. The aim of this review was to summarize the published data on the occurrence of Acinetobacter spp. in different food sources and drinking water. This information should be taken into consideration by those responsible for infection control in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carvalheira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Farouk F, El Shimy R, Abdel-Motaleb A, Essam S, Azzazy HM. Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii in fresh produce using modified magnetic nanoparticles and PCR. Anal Biochem 2020; 609:113890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
27
|
Li Y, Cao W, Liang S, Yamasaki S, Chen X, Shi L, Ye L. Metagenomic characterization of bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes in representative ready-to-eat food in southern China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15175. [PMID: 33093543 PMCID: PMC7581714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods have been considered to be reservoirs of antibiotic resistance bacteria, which constitute direct threat to human health, but the potential microbiological risks of RTE foods remain largely unexplored. In this study, the metagenomic approach was employed to characterize the comprehensive profiles of bacterial community and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) in 18 RTE food samples (8 RTE meat, 7 RTE vegetables and 3 RTE fruit) in southern China. In total, the most abundant phyla in RTE foods were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. 204 ARG subtypes belonging to 18 ARG types were detected with an abundance range between 2.81 × 10−5 and 7.7 × 10−1 copy of ARG per copy of 16S rRNA gene. Multidrug-resistant genes were the most predominant ARG type in the RTE foods. Chloramphenicol, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, multidrug resistance, aminoglycoside, bacitracin, tetracycline and β-lactam resistance genes were dominant, which were also associated with antibiotics used extensively in human medicine or veterinary medicine/promoters. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that the join effect of bacterial community and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) played an important role in the resistome alteration. This study further deepens the comprehensive understanding of antibiotic resistome and the correlations among the antibiotic resistome, microbiota, and MGEs in the RTE foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiMing Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - WeiWei Cao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - ShuLi Liang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 140-0002, Japan
| | - Xun Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
György É, Laslo É, Kuzman IH, Dezső András C. The effect of essential oils and their combinations on bacteria from the surface of fresh vegetables. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5601-5611. [PMID: 33133562 PMCID: PMC7590337 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of different selected essential oils (thyme, lemongrass, juniper, oregano, sage, fennel, rosemary, mint, rosehips, dill) on some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria isolated from the surface of various fresh vegetables. At the same time, in the case of some volatile oil combinations we followed the phenomena of synergism and antagonism. The identification of the isolated bacterial strains was made using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The most resistant isolates appeared to be Curtobacterium herbarum, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Enterobacter ludwigii, while Pseudomonas hibiscicola was the most sensitive. Of the chosen plant essential oils, the most pronounced antimicrobial effect was detected in the case of oregano. The essential oils of thyme and mint also showed elevated antimicrobial activity. A synergistic effect was observed in case of five combinations of essential oil. Based on the results, we find that some individual essential oils and mixture compositions (due to synergic effect) could be good candidates for the preservation of fresh vegetables. These preliminary findings suggest that essential oils from locally grown spices could contribute to decreasing the health risk and also to the suppression of emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva György
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| | - Éva Laslo
- Department of BioengineeringFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| | - Ildikó Hajnalka Kuzman
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| | - Csaba Dezső András
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Malta RCR, Ramos GLDPA, Nascimento JDS. From food to hospital: we need to talk about Acinetobacter spp. Germs 2020; 10:210-217. [PMID: 33134199 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some species of the genus Acinetobacter are admittedly important hospital pathogens. Additionally, various animal and plant foods have been linked to the presence of Acinetobacter, including resistant strains. However, due to isolation difficulties and the lack of official standard methods, there is a dearth of work and epidemiological data on foodborne diseases caused by this microorganism. Considering that Acinetobacter spp. may represent a serious public health problem, especially because of their resistance to carbapenems and colistin, and because of the fact that these pathogens may transfer resistance genes to other bacteria, studies are needed to evaluate the pathogenicity of both food and clinical isolates and to search for them using control strategies, such as the adoption of more efficient disinfection measures and use of antimicrobial substances (AMS). In contrast, AMS production by strains of the genus Acinetobacter has already been described, and its potential for application against other Gram-negative food or clinical pathogens, reveals a new field to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio Caldeira Rodrigues Malta
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rua Senador Furtado, 121 - Laboratório 412 - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-021, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luis de Paiva Anciens Ramos
- MD, Departamento de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rua Doutor Mário Viana, 523 - Santa Rosa - Niterói, CEP 24241-002, Brazil
| | - Janaína Dos Santos Nascimento
- PhD, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rua Senador Furtado, 121 - Laboratório 412 - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-021, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maeusli M, Lee B, Miller S, Reyna Z, Lu P, Yan J, Ulhaq A, Skandalis N, Spellberg B, Luna B. Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance from Acinetobacter baylyi to Escherichia coli on Lettuce and Subsequent Antibiotic Resistance Transmission to the Gut Microbiome. mSphere 2020; 5:e00329-20. [PMID: 32461272 PMCID: PMC7253597 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00329-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural use of antibiotics is recognized by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a major contributor to antibiotic-resistant infections. While most One Health attention has been on the potential for antibiotic resistance transmission from livestock and contaminated meat products to people, plant foods are fundamental to the food chain for meat eaters and vegetarians alike. We hypothesized that environmental bacteria that colonize plant foods may serve as platforms for the persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and for horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes. Donor Acinetobacter baylyi and recipient Escherichia coli were cocultured in vitro, in planta on lettuce, and in vivo in BALB/c mice. We showed that nonpathogenic, environmental A. baylyi is capable of transferring plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance to E. coli clinical isolates on lettuce leaf discs. Furthermore, transformant E. coli from the in planta assay could then colonize the mouse gut microbiome. The target antibiotic resistance plasmid was identified in mouse feces up to 5 days postinfection. We specifically identified in vivo transfer of the plasmid to resident Klebsiella pneumoniae in the mouse gut. Our findings highlight the potential for environmental bacteria exposed to antibiotics to transmit resistance genes to mammalian pathogens during ingestion of leafy greens.IMPORTANCE Previous efforts have correlated antibiotic-fed livestock and meat products with respective antibiotic resistance genes, but virtually no research has been conducted on the transmission of antibiotic resistance from plant foods to the mammalian gut (C. S. Hölzel, J. L. Tetens, and K. Schwaiger, Pathog Dis 15:671-688, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2501; C. M. Liu et al., mBio 9:e00470-19, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00470-18; B. Spellberg et al., NAM Perspectives, 2016, https://doi.org/10.31478/201606d; J. O'Neill, Antimicrobials in agriculture and the environment, 2015; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019). Here, we sought to determine if horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance genes can occur between lettuce and the mammalian gut microbiome, using a mouse model. Furthermore, we have created a new model to study horizontal gene transfer on lettuce leaves using an antibiotic-resistant transformant of A. baylyi (AbzeoR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Maeusli
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bosul Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Miller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zeferino Reyna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peggy Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amber Ulhaq
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Skandalis
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brad Spellberg
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Luna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Alternative Methods to Control Them: An Overview. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:890-908. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
32
|
Marí-Almirall M, Cosgaya C, Pons MJ, Nemec A, Ochoa TJ, Ruiz J, Roca I, Vila J. Pathogenic Acinetobacter species including the novel Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae recovered from market meat in Peru. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 305:108248. [PMID: 31226568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Species of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex are important human pathogens which can be recovered from animals and food, potential sources for their dissemination. The aim of the present study was to characterise the Acinetobacter isolates recovered from market meat samples in Peru. From July through August 2012, 138 meat samples from six traditional markets in Lima were cultured in Lysogeny and Selenite broths followed by screening of Gram-negative bacteria in selective media. Bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and DNA-based methods and assessed for their clonal relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility. Twelve Acinetobacter isolates were recovered from calf samples. All but one strain were identified as members of the clinically-relevant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex: 9 strains as Acinetobacter pittii, 1 strain as A. baumannii, and 1 strain as the recently described novel species A. dijkshoorniae. The remaining strain could not be identified at the species level unambiguously but all studies suggested close relatedness to A. bereziniae. All isolates were well susceptible to antibiotics. Based on macrorestriction analysis, six isolates were further selected and some of them were associated with novel MLST profiles. The presence of pathogenic Acinetobacter species in human consumption meat might pose a risk to public health as potential reservoirs for their further spread into the human population. Nevertheless, the Acinetobacter isolates from meat found in this study were not multidrug resistant and their prevalence was low. To our knowledge, this is also the first time that the A. dijkshoorniae species is reported in Peru.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marí-Almirall
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Cosgaya
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Pons
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexandr Nemec
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Theresa J Ochoa
- Tropical Medicine Institute "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Hereida, Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Roca
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Campos A, Lopes MS, Carvalheira A, Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Survival of clinical and food Acinetobacter spp. isolates exposed to different stress conditions. Food Microbiol 2019; 77:202-207. [PMID: 30297051 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumanni is recognized as one of the most important agents of nosocomial infections. Other species such as Acinetobacter lwoffii have also been associated with such infections. These species can be found in food products, such as vegetables, fruits and meats which can be a source of transmission of these organisms to community and hospital settings. Evidence that hospitals' kitchens are a route of entry of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria was recently demonstrated. This study aimed to determine whether different Acinetobacter spp. isolated from human and food samples (lettuce, turkey meat, apple and pear) were resistant to stress conditions often applied in food processes, such as exposure to 60 °C, AMUKINA® and vinegar. Also the influence of food matrices on the behavior of isolates to these stress conditions was evaluated. Treatment with AMUKINA® and vinegar were effective against all clinical and food isolates. Exposure to 60 °C resulted in the reduction of the majority of isolates to values below the detection limit of the enumeration technique, however, it is important to note that most of the reductions only occurred after 30 min of exposure. One food isolate identified as A. baumanni was resistant to this thermal treatment and one clinical isolate only decreased 4 log cycles after 1 h. In general, food isolates were demonstrated to be more resistant than clinical isolates and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between A. baumanni and A. lwoffii species. With the exception of one food isolate that was more resistant to thermal stress in the presence of turkey meat, the food matrices investigated did not confer protection to the applied stresses. Due to the limited knowledge on this topic, we believe that this study is an important contribution to understanding the behavior of Acinetobacter spp. when exposed to treatments commonly applied to foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Sequeira Lopes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Carvalheira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cernava T, Erlacher A, Soh J, Sensen CW, Grube M, Berg G. Enterobacteriaceae dominate the core microbiome and contribute to the resistome of arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.). MICROBIOME 2019; 7:13. [PMID: 30696492 PMCID: PMC6352427 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arugula is a traditional medicinal plant and popular leafy green today. It is mainly consumed raw in the Western cuisine and known to contain various bioactive secondary metabolites. However, arugula has been also associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe food-borne human diseases. A multiphasic approach integrating data from metagenomics, amplicon sequencing, and arugula-derived bacterial cultures was employed to understand the specificity of the indigenous microbiome and resistome of the edible plant parts. RESULTS Our results indicate that arugula is colonized by a diverse, plant habitat-specific microbiota. The indigenous phyllosphere bacterial community was shown to be dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, which are well-equipped with various antibiotic resistances. Unexpectedly, the prevalence of specific resistance mechanisms targeting therapeutic antibiotics (fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, phenicol, macrolide, aminocoumarin) was only surpassed by efflux pump assignments. CONCLUSIONS Enterobacteria, being core microbiome members of arugula, have a substantial implication in the overall resistome. Detailed insights into the natural occurrence of antibiotic resistances in arugula-associated microorganisms showed that the plant is a hotspot for distinctive defense mechanisms. The specific functioning of microorganisms in this unusual ecosystem provides a unique model to study antibiotic resistances in an ecological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Erlacher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jung Soh
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph W. Sensen
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jarvis KG, Daquigan N, White JR, Morin PM, Howard LM, Manetas JE, Ottesen A, Ramachandran P, Grim CJ. Microbiomes Associated With Foods From Plant and Animal Sources. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2540. [PMID: 30405589 PMCID: PMC6206262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Food microbiome composition impacts food safety and quality. The resident microbiota of many food products is influenced throughout the farm to fork continuum by farming practices, environmental factors, and food manufacturing and processing procedures. Currently, most food microbiology studies rely on culture-dependent methods to identify bacteria. However, advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have enabled the use of targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing to profile complex microbial communities including non-culturable members. In this study we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the microbiome profiles of plant and animal derived foods collected at two points in the manufacturing process; post-harvest/pre-retail (cilantro) and retail (cilantro, masala spice mixes, cucumbers, mung bean sprouts, and smoked salmon). Our findings revealed microbiome profiles, unique to each food, that were influenced by the moisture content (dry spices, fresh produce), packaging methods, such as modified atmospheric packaging (mung bean sprouts and smoked salmon), and manufacturing stage (cilantro prior to retail and at retail). The masala spice mixes and cucumbers were comprised mainly of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Cilantro microbiome profiles consisted mainly of Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes, and low levels of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The two brands of mung bean sprouts and the three smoked salmon samples differed from one another in their microbiome composition, each predominated by either by Firmicutes or Proteobacteria. These data demonstrate diverse and highly variable resident microbial communities across food products, which is informative in the context of food safety, and spoilage where indigenous bacteria could hamper pathogen detection, and limit shelf life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Jarvis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Ninalynn Daquigan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | | | - Paul M. Morin
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, United States
| | - Laura M. Howard
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, United States
| | - Julia E. Manetas
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Ottesen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Padmini Ramachandran
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim HJ, Oh T, Baek SY. Multidrug Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence of Escherichia coli Isolates from Commercial Meat and Vegetable Products. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:782-789. [PMID: 30183351 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important food safety and public health concern because of its pathogenicity and potential for antimicrobial resistance. E. coli isolates as food contaminants and their antimicrobial resistance, biofilm-forming ability, and virulence genes were analyzed to identify the potential of E. coli in food as a major transmission route for antimicrobial resistance and infectious agents. Among the 709 samples of minced meat and fresh vegetable products tested, 18.6% were positive for E. coli. One hundred nine (29.2%) out of 383 E. coli isolates were resistant to 1 or more of the 25 tested antimicrobials. Among the isolates from minced pork, the highest rate of resistance was observed for tetracycline (52.8%), followed by ampicillin (41.6%). The highest resistance rates against tetracycline were coincident with the high amount of tetracycline sold for veterinary use. Because penicillin is the most frequently used antimicrobial in humans, with 4.52 defined daily doses per 1000 people per day, the high rate of resistance to ampicillin (41.6%) supported the potential risk of E. coli food contaminants. However, only 1.3% of the isolates possessed the virulence genes commonly involved in foodborne outbreaks of E. coli. Sixty-seven isolates (17.5%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and the highest MDR was observed against 14 antimicrobials. Most of the MDR E. coli isolates showed biofilm-forming ability. Therefore, these isolates will have additional protection from environmental stresses, including antimicrobials. Given the importance of E. coli to food safety and public health, our results on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors provide useful information for risk management options to protect public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- 1 Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Korea
- 2 Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon Korea
| | - Taeyoung Oh
- 1 Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Korea
| | - Seung-Youb Baek
- 1 Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Silva L, Mourão J, Grosso F, Peixe L. Uncommon carbapenemase-encoding plasmids in the clinically emergent Acinetobacter pittii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73:52-56. [PMID: 29069366 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Two carbapenemase-carrying plasmids, pLS488 (blaOXA-23) and pLS535 (blaOXA-58) from Acinetobacter pittii clinical isolates, were characterized in this study, including their ability to be transferred to Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods The clinical isolates were obtained from drainage fluid of a patient with biliary tract cancer and from an exudate of a patient with a hip infection (Portuguese University Hospital, 2012). Isolate characterization included antimicrobial susceptibility tests, carbapenemase production by Blue-Carba, carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamase (CHDL) gene search by PCR sequencing, ApaI-PFGE, CHDL genetic location and plasmid size by hybridization and WGS. Plasmid transfer was performed by conjugation or electroporation. Results pLS488 constitutes the first conjugative plasmid reported to carry a carbapenem resistance gene in A. pittii and is part of a potential new incompatibility group that might also account for the dissemination of OXA-23 in A. baumannii. pLS535 belongs to the Acinetobacter GR7 incompatibility group and presents a new scaffold for OXA-58. This plasmid lacked the machinery for conjugation, but was transferable by electroporation to A. baumannii. Both isolates, which displayed the same PFGE pattern, represent the first report of CHDL-carrying A. pittii in Portuguese hospitals. Conclusions Altogether, these results emphasize the importance of A. pittii, or particular A. pittii clones, as a source of resistance genes, facilitating their dissemination among different bacterial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Microbiologia Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ESALD, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal.,FEUP Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Mourão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Microbiologia Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Grosso
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Microbiologia Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Microbiologia Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|