1
|
Mohammed CM, Al-Habib OAM. Nitric oxide-cyclic GMP role in Ang II induced hyperpolarization in bovine aortic endothelium cell line (BAE-1). Cytotechnology 2024; 76:113-121. [PMID: 38304622 PMCID: PMC10828259 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), a mitogen-activated peptide, exerts numerous effects on the cardiovascular system including the regulation of blood pressure. The current study focused on the potential mechanisms that seem to be involved in Ang II vasodilation using bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAE-1) cell lines. Expression of the Ang II receptor (AT2) in BAE-1 was checked by western blots in the presence of valsartan (AT1 inhibitor). To check if Ang II's vasodilator impact was mediated by the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, the Griess reagent was used. Furthermore, cell-attached patch-clamp and fire-polished borosilicate electrodes with a resistance of 3-5 MΩ in the working solutions was used to record membrane currents from treated BAE-1. BEA-1 revealed 50 kDa immunoreactive bands that matched AT2. The concentration of AT2 was elevated in valsartan-treated cells in comparison to control cells. The biochemical experimental data indicated that the NO level increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, Ang II at a concentration of 1 µM, the level of NO increased more than at 100 µM. In patch-clamp experiments, K current and chord conductance were enhanced after incubation of Ang II with valsartan. When 100 µM Ang II was added, the current peaked rapidly and after 15 min of incubation, the maximum value was obtained, as opposed to 10 min and control (110.9 ± 13.3 pA control, 141.4 ± 30.4 pA after 10 min and 174.4 ± 49.3 pA after 15 min). Ang II type two receptor inhibitor (PD1231777) reduced the current and conductance induced by Ang II. The presented data revealed that Ang II released NO via the activation of AT2. K currents were stimulated by Ang II and evoked mainly a current consistent with the activation of K channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinar M. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamaura K, Nelson AL, Nishimura H, Rutledge JC, Ravuri SK, Bahney C, Philippon MJ, Huard J. The effects of losartan or angiotensin II receptor antagonists on cartilage: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:435-446. [PMID: 36586717 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the latest evidence on the effects of losartan or Ang II receptor antagonists on cartilage repair, with a focus on their clinical relevance. DESIGN The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to November 12th 2021 to evaluate the effects of losartan or Ang II receptor antagonists on cartilage repair in in vitro studies and in vivo animal studies. Study design, sample characteristics, treatment type, duration, and outcomes were analyzed. The risk of bias and the quality of the eligible studies were assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias assessment tool and Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES). RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in this systematic review. Of the 12 eligible studies, two studies were in vitro human studies, three studies were in vitro animal studies, one study was an in vitro human and animal study, and six studies were in vivo animal studies. The risk bias and quality assessments were predominantly classified as moderate. Since meta-analysis was difficult due to differences in treatment type, dosage, route of administration, and method of outcome assessment among the eligible studies, qualitative evaluation was conducted for each study. CONCLUSIONS Both in vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence to demonstrate beneficial effects of Ang II receptor antagonists on osteoarthritis and cartilage defect models across animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Yamaura
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - A L Nelson
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.
| | - H Nishimura
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - J C Rutledge
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.
| | - S K Ravuri
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.
| | - C Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA; The Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - M J Philippon
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, CO, USA.
| | - J Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vieira TN, Saraiva ALL, Guimarães RM, Luiz JPM, Pinto LG, de Melo Rodrigues Ávila V, Goulart LR, Cunha-Junior JP, McNaughton PA, Cunha TM, Ferreira J, Silva CR. Angiotensin type 2 receptor antagonism as a new target to manage gout. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2399-2410. [PMID: 36173505 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing search for therapeutic targets in the treatment of gout. The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonism in an acute gout attack mouse model. METHODS Male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice either with the AT2R antagonist, PD123319 (10 pmol/joint), or with vehicle injections, or AT2R KO mice, received intra-articular (IA) injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals (100 µg/joint), that induce the acute gout attack, and were tested for mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, spontaneous nociception and ankle edema development at several times after the injections. To test an involvement of AT2R in joint pain, mice received an IA administration of angiotensin II (0.05-5 nmol/joint) with or without PD123319, and were also evaluated for pain and edema development. Ankle joint tissue samples from mice undergoing the above treatments were assessed for myeloperoxidase activity, IL-1β release, mRNA expression analyses and nitrite/nitrate levels, 4 h after injections. RESULTS AT2R antagonism has robust antinociceptive effects on mechanical allodynia (44% reduction) and spontaneous nociception (56%), as well as anti-inflammatory effects preventing edema formation (45%), reducing myeloperoxidase activity (54%) and IL-1β levels (32%). Additionally, Agtr2tm1a mutant mice have largely reduced painful signs of gout. Angiotensin II administration causes pain and inflammation, which was prevented by AT2R antagonism, as observed in mechanical allodynia 4 h (100%), spontaneous nociception (46%), cold nociceptive response (54%), edema formation (83%), myeloperoxidase activity (48%), and IL-1β levels (89%). PD123319 treatment also reduces NO concentrations (74%) and AT2R mRNA levels in comparison with MSU untreated mice. CONCLUSION Our findings show that AT2R activation contributes to acute pain in experimental mouse models of gout. Therefore, the antagonism of AT2R may be a potential therapeutic option to manage gout arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Neves Vieira
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - André L Lopes Saraiva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Mano Guimarães
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Mesquita Luiz
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Garcia Pinto
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Jair Pereira Cunha-Junior
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Sciences Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-318, Brazil
| | - Peter Anthony McNaughton
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Cassia Regina Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil.
- LABITOX, Post-Graduated Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720-Campus Umuarama, Jardim Umuarama-Bloco 2E-Officeroom 224, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ching K, Houard X, Berenbaum F, Wen C. Hypertension meets osteoarthritis - revisiting the vascular aetiology hypothesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:533-549. [PMID: 34316066 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease characterized by subchondral bone perfusion abnormalities and neovascular invasion into the synovium and articular cartilage. In addition to local vascular disturbance, mounting evidence suggests a pivotal role for systemic vascular pathology in the aetiology of OA. This Review outlines the current understanding of the close relationship between high blood pressure (hypertension) and OA at the crossroads of epidemiology and molecular biology. As one of the most common comorbidities in patients with OA, hypertension can disrupt joint homeostasis both biophysically and biochemically. High blood pressure can increase intraosseous pressure and cause hypoxia, which in turn triggers subchondral bone and osteochondral junction remodelling. Furthermore, systemic activation of the renin-angiotensin and endothelin systems can affect the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway locally to govern joint disease. The intimate relationship between hypertension and OA indicates that endothelium-targeted strategies, including re-purposed FDA-approved antihypertensive drugs, could be useful in the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ching
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xavier Houard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne Université, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of Angiotensin II on Chondrocyte Degeneration and Protection via Differential Usage of Angiotensin II Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179204. [PMID: 34502113 PMCID: PMC8430521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) controls not only systemic functions, such as blood pressure, but also local tissue-specific events. Previous studies have shown that angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R), two RAS components, are expressed in chondrocytes. However, the angiotensin II (ANG II) effects exerted through these receptors on chondrocyte metabolism are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of ANG II and AT1R blockade on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Firstly, we observed that ANG II significantly suppressed cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan content in rat chondrocytic RCS cells. Additionally, ANG II decreased CCN2, which is an anabolic factor for chondrocytes, via increased MMP9. In Agtr1a-deficient RCS cells generated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system, Ccn2 and Aggrecan (Acan) expression increased. Losartan, an AT1R antagonist, blocked the ANG II-induced decrease in CCN2 production and Acan expression in RCS cells. These findings suggest that AT1R blockade reduces ANG II-induced chondrocyte degeneration. Interestingly, AT1R-positive cells, which were localized on the surface of the articular cartilage of 7-month-old mice expanded throughout the articular cartilage with aging. These findings suggest that ANG II regulates age-related cartilage degeneration through the ANG II–AT1R axis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of Statins on Renin-Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8070080. [PMID: 34357323 PMCID: PMC8305238 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, a class of drugs for lowering serum LDL-cholesterol, have attracted attention because of their wide range of pleiotropic effects. An important but often neglected effect of statins is their role in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) pathway. This pathway plays an integral role in the progression of several diseases including hypertension, heart failure, and renal disease. In this paper, the role of statins in the blockade of different components of this pathway and the underlying mechanisms are reviewed and new therapeutic possibilities of statins are suggested.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hashimoto K, Akagi M. The role of oxidation of low-density lipids in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: A narrative review. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520931609. [PMID: 32552129 PMCID: PMC7303502 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520931609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder that causes degeneration of
cartilage, synovial inflammation, and formation of osteophytes. Aging, obesity,
and sex are considered the main risk factors of OA. Recent studies have
suggested that metabolic syndrome (MetS) disorders, such as hypertension,
hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, may be involved in the
pathogenesis and progression of OA. MetS disorders are common diseases that also
result in atherosclerosis. Researchers believe that OA and atherosclerosis have
underlying similar molecular mechanisms because the prevalence of both diseases
increases with age. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is believed to
play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent reports have shown
that ox-LDL and low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) are involved in the
pathogenesis of OA. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the
current understanding of the role of the LOX-1/ox-LDL system in the pathogenesis
of OA and to reveal common underlying molecular pathways that are shared by MetS
in OA and the LOX-1/ox-LDL system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Renin-angiotensin system in osteoarthritis: A new potential therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105796. [PMID: 31408841 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic joint diseases. However, the mechanism remains unclear. The traditional renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important system for regulating homeostasis and controlling balance. In recent years, RAS-related components have played an important role in the occurrence of OA. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research results of RAS-related components that are associated with OA. This study systematically searched e-medical databases such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. The search targets included English publications describing the effects of RAS-related components in OA, including the role of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II (Ang II), and angiotensin receptor (ATR). Additionally, this study summarizes the potential pathways for RAS-related components to intervene in OA. This study found that RAS-related components including renin, ACE, Ang II, AT1R and AT2R are involved in inflammation and chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA. RAS is involved in signaling pathways including the NF-κB, JNK, VEGFR/Tie-2, and the Axna2/Axna2R axis ones, which may be potential targets for the treatment of OA. Although there are few studies on RAS in the field of OA, the pathogenic effect of RAS-related components is still an important topic in OA treatment, and great progress may be made in this aspect in future studies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamagishi K, Tsukamoto I, Nakamura F, Hashimoto K, Ohtani K, Akagi M. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in mice aggravates mechanical loading-induced knee osteoarthritis. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62. [PMID: 30043596 PMCID: PMC6060485 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between hypertension and knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) can aggravate mechanical loading-induced knee OA in mice. Eight-week-old male Tsukuba hypertensive mice (THM) and C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: i) running THM group, ii) running C57BL/6 mice group, iii) non-running THM group, and iv) non-running C57BL/6 mice group. Mice in the running group were forced to run (25 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) on a treadmill. All mice in the four groups (n=10 in each group) were euthanized after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks of running or natural breeding. Cartilage degeneration in the left knees was histologically evaluated using the modified Mankin score. Expression of Col X, MMP-13, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and AT2R was examined immunohistochemically. To study the effects of stimulation of the AT1R in chondrocytes by mechanical loading and/or Angiotensin II (AngII) on transduction of intracellular signals, phosphorylation levels of JNK and Src were measured in bovine articular chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional agarose scaffolds. After 4 weeks, the mean Mankin score for the lateral femoral condylar cartilage was significantly higher in the THM running group than in the C57BL/6 running group and non-running groups. AT1R and AT2R expression was not detected at 0 weeks in any group but was noted after 4 weeks in the THM running group. AT1R expression was also noted at 8 weeks in the C57BL/6 running group. The expression levels of AT1R, COL X, and MMP-13 in chondrocytes were significantly higher in the THM running group than in the control groups. Positive significant correlations were noted between the Mankin score and the rate of AT1R-immunopositive cells, between the rates of AT1R- and Col X-positive cells, and between the rates of AT1Rand AT2R-positive cells. The phosphorylation level of JNK was increased by cyclic compression loading or addition of AngII to the cultured chondrocytes and was reversed by pretreatment with an AT1R blocker. A synergistic effect on JNK phosphorylation was observed between compression loading and AngII addition. Transgene activation of renin and angiotensinogen aggravated mechanical load-induced knee OA in mice. These findings suggest that AT1R expression in chondrocytes is associated with early knee OA and plays a role in the progression of cartilage degeneration. The RAS may be a common molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and knee OA.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakamura F, Tsukamoto I, Inoue S, Hashimoto K, Akagi M. Cyclic compressive loading activates angiotensin II type 1 receptor in articular chondrocytes and stimulates hypertrophic differentiation through a G-protein-dependent pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:962-973. [PMID: 29928576 PMCID: PMC5986009 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) appears to have a mechanosensing function in a number of cell types. The purpose of this study was to examine whether AT1R expressed in articular chondrocytes is involved in osteoarthritis (OA) progression in vivo and whether cyclic compressive loading activates the AT1R and stimulates hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes in vitro. The relationships between the modified Mankin score for cartilage degeneration and the expression of AT1R and type X collagen (Col X) were studied in mouse knees with OA induced using the destabilization-of-medial-meniscus model. Cyclic compressive loads were applied to cultured bovine articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional agarose scaffolds. Expression of Col X and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was analyzed using RT-PCR and western blotting. We dissected the downstream pathway for intracellular signal transductions of AT1R including G-protein-dependent and G-protein-independent pathways. Positive significant correlations between the Mankin score and the rate of AT1R-immunopositive cells and between the rates of AT1R and Col X expression were noted. The expression of Col X and Runx2 was increased by compressive loading but suppressed by addition of olmesartan, an Ang II receptor blocker, to the agarose scaffolds. Compressive loading upregulated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Src, and STAT1, but olmesartan significantly suppressed only JNK phosphorylation. We conclude that AT1R expressed by articular chondrocytes may be involved in OA progression in vivo. Mechanical stress can activate AT1R and stimulate hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes through the G-protein-dependent pathway. AT1R has a mechanosensing function in chondrocytes and may be a new therapeutic target in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihisa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kindai University Hospital Osaka-Sayama Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kindai University Hospital Osaka-Sayama Japan
| | - Shinji Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kindai University Hospital Osaka-Sayama Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kindai University Hospital Osaka-Sayama Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kindai University Hospital Osaka-Sayama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duan L, Liang Y, Ma B, Zhu W, Wang D. Epigenetic regulation in chondrocyte phenotype maintenance for cell-based cartilage repair. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2127-2140. [PMID: 26807163 PMCID: PMC4697695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Loss of hyaline chondrocyte phenotype during the monolayer culture in vitro is a major obstacle for cell-based articular cartilage repair. Increasing evidence implicates an important role of the epigenetic regulation in maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype. DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs have all been shown to contribute to chondrocyte dedifferentiation and hypertrophy. Moreover, the interplay among epigenetic regulators forms a complicated epigenetic network in regulating chondrocyte dedifferentiation. This review provides a detailed overview of the epigenetic regulation in maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype for chondrocyte-based cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital ZurichZurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang Y, Hu X, Lu X. Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, possesses chondroprotective efficacy in a rat model of osteoarthritis through suppression local renin-angiotensin system. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12584-12592. [PMID: 26550169 PMCID: PMC4612854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A local tissue-specific renin-angiotensin system (local RAS) has emerged as a regulator of cartilage development and homeostasis. However, no report has described the chondroprotective efficacy of RAS inhibitor. Therefore, we studied the pharmacological function of captopril on hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes, cartilaginous degeneration and RAS components expression in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS OA was surgically induced in the right knee of male rats. Animal groups included age matched sham control (sham group), OA placebo (OA group), and OA treated with captopril (CAP group). Eight weeks after the induction of OA, the tibias were isolated and the sagittal sections were stained with Safranin O and Masson-Trichrome. The mRNA and protein expression of RAS components were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. RESULTS The thickness of articular cartilage was reduced in the proximal tibia of the OA group, and decreased thickness of articular cartilage of the OA mice was effectively reversed by captopril treatment. Histological analyses revealed remarkable chondrocytes abnormality in OA rats, which were characterized by a marked expansion of hypertrophic zone and inhibition of proliferative zone of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal growth plate of tibia. However, captopril-treated could reverse chondrocytes abnormality in OA rats. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of RAS components, renin, ACE, Ang II AT1R were upregulated in the proximal tibia of OA rats, however, the AT2R expression was suppressed. Intriguingly, captopril-treated could inhibit the activation of RAS in OA rats. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that captopril could attenuate OA-induced osteoarticular injury, at least partially, through suppression local RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongwei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen S, Grover M, Sibai T, Black J, Rianon N, Rajagopal A, Munivez E, Bertin T, Dawson B, Chen Y, Jiang MM, Lee B, Yang T, Bae Y. Losartan increases bone mass and accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 115:53-60. [PMID: 25779879 PMCID: PMC4426054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are a group of anti-hypertensive drugs that are widely used to treat pediatric hypertension. Recent application of ARBs to treat diseases such as Marfan syndrome or Alport syndrome has shown positive outcomes in animal and human studies, suggesting a broader therapeutic potential for this class of drugs. Multiple studies have reported a benefit of ARBs on adult bone homeostasis; however, its effect on the growing skeleton in children is unknown. We investigated the effect of Losartan, an ARB, in regulating bone mass and cartilage during development in mice. Wild type mice were treated with Losartan from birth until 6 weeks of age, after which bones were collected for microCT and histomorphometric analyses. Losartan increased trabecular bone volume vs. tissue volume (a 98% increase) and cortical thickness (a 9% increase) in 6-weeks old wild type mice. The bone changes were attributed to decreased osteoclastogenesis as demonstrated by reduced osteoclast number per bone surface in vivo and suppressed osteoclast differentiation in vitro. At the molecular level, Angiotensin II-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in RAW cells was attenuated by Losartan. Similarly, RANKL-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was suppressed by Losartan, suggesting a convergence of RANKL and angiotensin signaling at the level of ERK1/2 regulation. To assess the effect of Losartan on cartilage development, we examined the cartilage phenotype of wild type mice treated with Losartan in utero from conception to 1 day of age. Growth plates of these mice showed an elongated hypertrophic chondrocyte zone and increased Col10a1 expression level, with minimal changes in chondrocyte proliferation. Altogether, inhibition of the angiotensin pathway by Losartan increases bone mass and accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy in growth plate during skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health
| | - Monica Grover
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tarek Sibai
- Boston University School of Medicine Orthopedic Surgery, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Black
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nahid Rianon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abbhirami Rajagopal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terry Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Biology, Center for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Continuous infusion of angiotensin II modulates hypertrophic differentiation and apoptosis of chondrocytes in cartilage formation in a fracture model mouse. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:382-93. [PMID: 25693858 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are reported to be expressed in cultured chondrocytes and cartilage, little is known about the precise function of Angiotensin II (Ang II) in chondrocytes. In this study, we employed a rib fracture model mouse to investigate the effect of Ang II on chondrocytes. Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was expressed in chondrocytes in the growth plate of mouse tibia. Continuous infusion of Ang II to rib-fractured mice resulted in a significant increase in the volume of cartilage, suggesting Ang II-induced hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. It was also confirmed by a significant increase in the mRNA expression of Sox9 and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which are genes related to chondrocyte differentiation, and type X collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and Indian hedgehog (Ihh), which are hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific molecular markers. Chondrocyte hypertrophy with upregulation of these genes was attenuated by administration of olmesartan, an AT1R blocker, but not by hydralazine. Moreover, Ang II infusion significantly suppressed apoptosis of chondrocytes, accompanied by significant induction of mRNA expression of bcl-2 and bcl-xL. Olmesartan, but not hydralazine, significantly attenuated the reduction of apoptotic cells and the increase in anti-apoptotic genes induced by Ang II infusion. Overall, the present study demonstrated that Ang II promoted hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes and reduced apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes independently of high blood pressure. The present data indicate the role of Ang II in cartilage, and might provide a new concept for treatment of cartilage diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsukamoto I, Akagi M, Inoue S, Yamagishi K, Mori S, Asada S. Expressions of local renin-angiotensin system components in chondrocytes. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2387. [PMID: 24998927 PMCID: PMC4083327 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013, we reported that local reninangiotensin system (local RAS) components express during the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes and can modulate it, using ATDC5 cell line that involves differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to calcified hypertrophic chondrocytes. However, the expressions of local RAS components in normal chondrocytes have not been revealed yet. The purpose of this study is to examine the expression of the local RAS components in chondrocytes in vivo and the conditions allowing the expression. We stained five major regions of 8-week-old C57BL/6 adult mice in which chondrocytes exist, including epiphyseal plates and hyaline cartilages, with antibodies to local RAS components. We also examined the expression of local RAS components in the cultured bovine’s articular cartilage chondrocytes using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. In result, hypertrophic chondrocytes of epiphyseal plates included in the tibia and the lamina terminals expressed local RAS components. However, hyaline chondrocytes, including the knee articular cartilages, the parenchyma of nasal septums and of the tracheal walls, did not express local RAS components. Cultured bovine’s articular cartilage chondrocytes also did not express local RAS components. However, inducing hypertrophy by administering interleukin-1β or tumor necrosis factor-α, the cultured articular chondrocytes also expressed angiotensin II type 1 receptor and angiotensin II type 2 receptor. In conclusion, local RAS components express particularly in chondrocytes which occur hypertrophy and do not in hyaline chondrocytes. The results are in accord with our previous in vitro study. We think this novel knowledge is important to investigate cartilage hypertrophy and diseases induced by hypertrophic changes like osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|