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Chelnokova IA, Nikitina IA, Starodubtseva MN. Mechanical properties of blood exosomes and lipoproteins after the rat whole blood irradiation with X-rays in vitro explored by atomic force microscopy. Micron 2024; 184:103662. [PMID: 38838454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Blood is a two-component system with two levels of hierarchy: the macrosystem of blood formed elements and the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles. Biological nanoparticles are the key participants in communication between the irradiated and non-irradiated cells and inducers of the non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation. The work aimed at studying by atomic force microscopy the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of exosomes and lipoproteins (LDL/VLDL) isolated from rat blood after its exposure to X-rays in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole blood of Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet was irradiated with X-rays (1 and 100 Gy) in vitro. The structural and mechanical properties (the elastic modulus and nonspecific adhesion force) of exosome and lipoprotein isolates from the blood by ultracentrifugation method were studied using Bruker Bioscope Resolve atomic force microscope in PF QNM mode, their electric properties (the zeta-potential) was measured by electrophoretic mobility. RESULTS Lipoproteins isolated from non-irradiated blood were softer (Me(LQ; UQ): 7.8(4.9;12.1) MPa) compared to blood nanoparticles of its exosome fraction (34.8(22.6;44.9) MPa) containing both exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles. X-ray blood irradiation with a dose of 1 Gy significantly weakened the elastic properties of lipoproteins. Exposure of the blood to 100 Gy X-rays made lipoproteins stiffer and their nonspecific adhesive properties stronger. The radiation effects on the mechanical parameters of exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles in exosome fractions differed. The significant radiation-induced change in electric properties of the studied nanoparticles was detected only for lipoproteins in the blood irradiated with 1 Gy X-rays. The low-dose radiation-induced changes in zeta-potential and increase in lipoprotein size with the appearance of a soft thick surface layer indicate the formation of the modified lipoproteins covered with a corona from macromolecules of irradiated blood. CONCLUSION Our data obtained using the nanomechanical mapping mode of AFM are the first evidence of the significant radiation-induced changes in the structural and mechanical properties of the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles after the X-ray irradiation of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Chelnokova
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus.
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2
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Smith JW, Carnevale LN, Das A, Chen Q. Electron videography of a lipid-protein tango. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0217. [PMID: 38630809 PMCID: PMC11023515 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biological phenomena, from enzymatic catalysis to synaptic transmission, originate in the structural transformations of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies in liquid water. However, directly imaging these nanoscopic dynamics without probes or labels has been a fundamental methodological challenge. Here, we developed an approach for "electron videography"-combining liquid phase electron microscopy with molecular modeling-with which we filmed the nanoscale structural fluctuations of individual, suspended, and unlabeled membrane protein nanodiscs in liquid. Systematic comparisons with biochemical data and simulation indicate the graphene encapsulation involved can afford sufficiently reduced effects of the illuminating electron beam for these observations to yield quantitative fingerprints of nanoscale lipid-protein interactions. Our results suggest that lipid-protein interactions delineate dynamically modified membrane domains across unexpectedly long ranges. Moreover, they contribute to the molecular mechanics of the nanodisc as a whole in a manner specific to the protein within. Overall, this work illustrates an experimental approach to film, quantify, and understand biomolecular dynamics at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauren N. Carnevale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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3
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Cisse A, Desfosses A, Stainer S, Kandiah E, Traore DAK, Bezault A, Schachner-Nedherer AL, Leitinger G, Hoerl G, Hinterdorfer P, Gutsche I, Prassl R, Peters J, Kornmueller K. Targeting structural flexibility in low density lipoprotein by integrating cryo-electron microscopy and high-speed atomic force microscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126345. [PMID: 37619685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. Responsible for cholesterol transport from the liver to the organs, LDL accumulation in the arteries is a primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. This work focuses on the fundamental question of the LDL molecular structure, as well as the topology and molecular motions of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100), which is addressed by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). Our results suggest a revised model of the LDL core organization with respect to the cholesterol ester (CE) arrangement. In addition, a high-density region close to the flattened poles could be identified, likely enriched in free cholesterol. The most remarkable new details are two protrusions on the LDL surface, attributed to the protein apo B-100. HS-AFM adds the dimension of time and reveals for the first time a highly dynamic direct description of LDL, where we could follow large domain fluctuations of the protrusions in real time. To tackle the inherent flexibility and heterogeneity of LDL, the cryo-EM maps are further assessed by 3D variability analysis. Our study gives a detailed explanation how to approach the intrinsic flexibility of a complex system comprising lipids and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cisse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble, France; Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - Ambroise Desfosses
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Stainer
- Department of Experimental Applied Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Daouda A K Traore
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Faculty of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Armel Bezault
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, UAR3033/US001, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM 2, Pessac, France; Structural Image Analysis Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Laurence Schachner-Nedherer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical Physics and Biophysics Division, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hoerl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Department of Experimental Applied Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Irina Gutsche
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical Physics and Biophysics Division, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Peters
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble, France; Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.
| | - Karin Kornmueller
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France; Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical Physics and Biophysics Division, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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4
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Ridolfi A, Conti L, Brucale M, Frigerio R, Cardellini J, Musicò A, Romano M, Zendrini A, Polito L, Bergamaschi G, Gori A, Montis C, Panella S, Barile L, Berti D, Radeghieri A, Bergese P, Cretich M, Valle F. Particle profiling of EV-lipoprotein mixtures by AFM nanomechanical imaging. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12349. [PMID: 37855042 PMCID: PMC10585431 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely overlapping physicochemical properties of lipoproteins (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) represents one of the main obstacles for the isolation and characterization of these pervasive biogenic lipid nanoparticles. We herein present the application of an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based quantitative morphometry assay to the rapid nanomechanical screening of mixed LPs and EVs samples. The method can determine the diameter and the mechanical stiffness of hundreds of individual nanometric objects within few hours. The obtained diameters are in quantitative accord with those measured via cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM); the assignment of specific nanomechanical readout to each object enables the simultaneous discrimination of co-isolated EVs and LPs even if they have overlapping size distributions. EVs and all classes of LPs are shown to be characterised by specific combinations of diameter and stiffness, thus making it possible to estimate their relative abundance in EV/LP mixed samples in terms of stoichiometric ratio, surface area and volume. As a side finding, we show how the mechanical behaviour of specific LP classes is correlated to distinctive structural features revealed by cryo-EM. The described approach is label-free, single-step and relatively quick to perform. Importantly, it can be used to analyse samples which prove very challenging to assess with several established techniques due to ensemble-averaging, low sensibility to small particles, or both, thus providing a very useful tool for quickly assessing the purity of EV/LP isolates including plasma- and serum-derived preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
| | - Laura Conti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Jacopo Cardellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Angelo Musicò
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Miriam Romano
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Laura Polito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Costanza Montis
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Stefano Panella
- Istituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Istituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Debora Berti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di BresciaBresciaItaly
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Ricerca e l'innovazione BiomedicaPalermoItaly
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”MilanItaly
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFirenzeItaly
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5
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Takeda S, Hamamuki A, Ushirogata K, Takasuka TE. Binding properties of recombinant LDL receptor and LOX-1 receptor to LDL measured using bio-layer interferometry and atomic force microscopy. Biophys Chem 2023; 300:107069. [PMID: 37385179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) triggers a recognition by scavenger receptors such as lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and is related to inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Although LDLs that are recognized by LOX-1 can be risk-related LDLs, conventional LDL detection methods using commercially available recombinant receptors remain undeveloped. Using a bio-layer interferometry (BLI), we investigated the binding of recombinant LOX-1 (reLOX-1) and LDL receptors to the oxidized LDLs. The recombinant LDL receptor preferably bound minimally modified LDLs, while the reLOX-1 recognized extensively oxidized LDLs. An inversed response of the BLI was observed during the binding in the case of reLOX-1. AFM study showed that the extensively oxidized LDLs and aggregates of LDLs were observed on the surface, supporting the results. Altogether, a combined use of these recombinant receptors and the BLI method is useful in detecting high-risk LDLs such as oxidized LDLs and modified LDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-Jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan.
| | - Ao Hamamuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-Jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Kanako Ushirogata
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan
| | - Taichi E Takasuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan; Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan
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6
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Weber F, Axmann M, Horner A, Schwarzinger B, Weghuber J, Plochberger B. Lipoprotein Particles as Shuttles for Hydrophilic Cargo. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050471. [PMID: 37233532 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein particles (LPs) are excellent transporters and have been intensively studied in cardiovascular diseases, especially regarding parameters such as their class distribution and accumulation, site-specific delivery, cellular internalization, and escape from endo/lysosomal compartments. The aim of the present work is the hydrophilic cargo loading of LPs. As an exemplary proof-of-principle showcase, the glucose metabolism-regulating hormone, insulin, was successfully incorporated into high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The incorporation was studied and verified to be successful using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fluorescence Microscopy (FM). Single-molecule-sensitive FM together with confocal imaging visualized the membrane interaction of single, insulin-loaded HDL particles and the subsequent cellular translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weber
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Markus Axmann
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler Universität, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- FFoQSI-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- FFoQSI-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, 4600 Wels, Austria
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
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7
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Kamińska K, Godakumara K, Świderska B, Malinowska A, Midekessa G, Sofińska K, Barbasz J, Fazeli A, Grzesiak M. Characteristics of size-exclusion chromatography enriched porcine follicular fluid extracellular vesicles. Theriogenology 2023; 205:79-86. [PMID: 37094460 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles that are released by different cell types and play a crucial role in the intercellular communication. They carry various biomolecular compounds such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Given that EVs are a new element of the communication within the ovarian follicle, extensive research is needed to optimize method of their isolation. The aim of the study was to assess size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) as a tool for effective EVs isolation from porcine ovarian follicular fluid. The characterization of EVs was performed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, mass spectrometry and Western blot. We determined EVs concentration, size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, purity, and marker proteins. Our results show that SEC is an effective method for isolation of EVs from porcine follicular fluid. They displayed predominantly exosome properties with sufficient purity and possibility for further functional analyses, including proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kamińska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bianka Świderska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Getnet Midekessa
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kamila Sofińska
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Barbasz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411, Tartu, Estonia; Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK
| | - Malgorzata Grzesiak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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8
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Characterization of structures and molecular interactions of RNA and lipid carriers using atomic force microscopy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102855. [PMID: 36774766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and lipid are essential biomolecules in many biological processes, and hold a great prospect for biomedical applications, such as gene therapy, vaccines and therapeutic drug delivery. The characterization of morphology and intra-/inter-molecular interactions of RNA and lipid molecules is critical for understanding their functioning mechanisms. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a sophisticated technique for characterizing biomolecules featured by its piconewton force sensitivity, sub-nanometer spatial resolution, and flexible operation conditions in both air and liquid. The goal of this review is to highlight the representative and outstanding discoveries of the characterization of RNA and lipid molecules through morphology identification, physicochemical property determination and intermolecular force measurements by AFM. The first section introduces the AFM imaging of RNA molecules to obtain high-resolution morphologies and nanostructures in air and liquid, followed by the discussion of employing AFM force spectroscopy in understanding the nanomechanical properties and intra-/inter-molecular interactions of RNA molecules, including RNA-RNA and RNA-biomolecule interactions. The second section focuses on the studies of lipid and RNA encapsulated in lipid carrier (RNA-lipid) by AFM as well as the sample preparation and factors influencing the morphology and structure of lipid/RNA-lipid complexes. Particularly, the nanomechanical properties of lipid and RNA-lipid characterized by nanomechanical imaging and force measurements are discussed. The future perspectives and remaining challenges on the characterization of RNA and lipid offered by the versatile AFM techniques are also discussed. This review provides useful insights on the characterization of RNA and lipids nanostructures along with their molecular interactions, and also enlightens the application of AFM techniques in investigating a broad variety of biomolecules.
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9
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Piontek MC, Roos WH. Lipoprotein particles exhibit distinct mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e68. [PMID: 38938600 PMCID: PMC11080718 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Lipoproteins (LPs) are micelle-like structures with a similar size to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are therefore often co-isolated, as intensively discussed within the EV community. LPs from human blood plasma are of particular interest as they are responsible for the deposition of cholesterol ester and other fats in the artery, causing lesions, and eventually atherosclerosis. Plasma lipoproteins can be divided according to their size, density and composition into chylomicrons (CM), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of LPs. We show that the nanoindentation approach used for EV analysis can also be used to characterize LPs, revealing specific differences between some of the particles. Comparing LPs with each other, LDL exhibit a higher bending modulus as compared to CM and VLDL, which is likely related to differences in cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Furthermore, CM typically collapse on the surface after indentation and HDL exhibit a very low height after surface adhesion both being indications for the presence of LPs in an EV sample. Our analysis provides new systematic insights into the mechanical characteristics of LPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Piontek
- Moleculaire BiofysicaZernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Roos
- Moleculaire BiofysicaZernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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10
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Human Serum Amyloid a Impaired Structural Stability of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Exacerbated Glycation Susceptibility of ApoA-I and HDL. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134255. [PMID: 35807498 PMCID: PMC9268363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum amyloid A (SAA) is an exchangeable apolipoprotein (apo) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that influences HDL quality and functionality, particularly in the acute phase of inflammation. On the other hand, the structural and functional correlations of HDL containing SAA and apoA-I have not been reported. The current study was designed to compare the change in HDL quality with increasing SAA content in the lipid-free and lipid-bound states in reconstituted HDL (rHDL). The expressed recombinant human SAA1 (13 kDa) was purified to at least 98% and characterized in the lipid-free and lipid-bound states with apoA-I. The dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) binding ability of apoA-I was impaired severely by the addition of SAA, while SAA alone could not bind with DMPC. The recombinant human SAA1 was incorporated into the rHDL (molar ratio 95:5:1, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC): cholesterol: apoA-I) with various apoA-I:SAA molar ratios from 1:0 to 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2. With increasing SAA1 content, the rHDL particle size was reduced from 98 Å to 93 Å, and the α-helicity of apoA-I:SAA was decreased from 73% to 40% for (1:0) and (1:2), respectively. The wavelength maximum fluorescence (WMF) of tryptophan in rHDL was red-shifted from 339 nm to 345 nm for (1:0) and (1:2) of apoA-I:SAA, respectively, indicating that the addition of SAA to rHDL destabilized the secondary structure of apoA-I. Upon denaturation by urea treatment from 0 M to 8 M, SAA showed only a 3 nm red-shift in WMF, while apoA-I showed a 16 nm red-shift in WMF, indicating that SAA is resistant to denaturation and apoA-I had higher conformational flexibility than SAA. The glycation reaction of apoA-I in the presence of fructose was accelerated up to 1.8-fold by adding SAA in a dose-dependent manner than that of apoA-I alone. In conclusion, the incorporation of SAA in rHDL impaired the structural stability of apoA-I and exacerbated glycation of HDL and apoA-I.
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11
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Nanomechanical characterization of exosomes and concomitant nanoparticles from blood plasma by PeakForce AFM in liquid. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Qin Y, Yang W, Chu H, Li Y, Cai S, Yu H, Liu L. Atomic Force Microscopy for Tumor Research at Cell and Molecule Levels. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-18. [PMID: 35257653 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumors have posed a serious threat to human life and health. Researchers can determine whether or not cells are cancerous, whether the cancer cells are invasive or metastatic, and what the effects of drugs are on cancer cells by the physical properties such as hardness, adhesion, and Young's modulus. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has emerged as a key important tool for biomechanics research on tumor cells due to its ability to image and collect force spectroscopy information of biological samples with nano-level spatial resolution and under near-physiological conditions. This article reviews the existing results of the study of cancer cells with AFM. The main foci are the operating principle of AFM and research advances in mechanical property measurement, ultra-microtopography, and molecular recognition of tumor cells, which allows us to outline what we do know it in a systematic way and to summarize and to discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Qin
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Honghui Chu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
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13
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Wang K, Gan C, Wang H, Ao M, Fan Y, Chen Y. AFM detects the effects of acidic condition on the size and biomechanical properties of native/oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112053. [PMID: 34438294 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solution acidification exists under some physiological conditions (e.g. lysosomes in cells) and diseases (e.g. atherosclerosis, tumors, etc.). It is poorly understood whether and how acidification influences the size and biomechanical (stiffness and stickiness) properties of native Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidized form (oxLDL) which plays a vital role in atherogenesis and tumorigenesis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) evaluated that gradient acidification from pH 7.4 to pH 4.4 caused an expanding-first-and-then-shrinking decrease in size and a dramatic decrease in stiffness (but no statistically significant changes in stickiness) of LDL/oxLDL particles by influencing secondary/tertiary structures and lipid release detected by infrared spectral analysis and cholesterol detection, respectively. The smaller and softer characteristics of LDL/oxLDL at acidic conditions versus at the neutral pH partially explains the atherogenic role of acidification. The data may provide important information for a better understanding of LDL/oxLDL and some diseases (e.g. atherosclerosis and tumors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chaoye Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China
| | - Meiying Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330025, PR China
| | - Youlong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330025, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China.
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Kanonidou C. Small dense low-density lipoprotein: Analytical review. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:172-178. [PMID: 34118239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been firmly substantiated. LDL consists of a heterogeneous group of particles with different physicochemical and metabolic properties. Among them, small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles are considered an emerging CVD risk factor and a promising CVD risk biomarker. This paper reviews published analytical and calculation-based methods for sdLDL determination in plasma, present their principles, strengths, and weaknesses, and examine the challenges arising from method comparison. METHODS A literature survey was conducted using the PubMed database. Subject headings and keywords facilitated the search strategy. Titles and abstracts were initially assessed, and the full-text article of the pre-selected ones was reviewed. RESULTS A range of methods is currently available for the analysis of LDL subfractions and the measurement of sdLDL particle size, number, and cholesterol concentration. Ultracentrifugation (UC), vertical auto profile, gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, ion mobility analysis, and a homogeneous assay are the most prevalent. To date, there is no "gold standard". UC and GGE are the most established techniques, albeit significantly sophisticated. NMR and the homogeneous assay are options with potential clinical use as they yield results rapidly and can be high-throughput. None of the proposed equations for the calculated sdLDL determination has been sufficiently validated to serve as a clinical tool. CONCLUSIONS Many analytical procedures have been developed for the study of sdLDL particles. Their use remains largely restricted to research laboratories since their analytical and clinical performance, along with the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of sdLDL determination have not been fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kanonidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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B Uribe K, Benito-Vicente A, Martin C, Blanco-Vaca F, Rotllan N. (r)HDL in theranostics: how do we apply HDL's biology for precision medicine in atherosclerosis management? Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3185-3208. [PMID: 33949389 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are key players in cholesterol metabolism homeostasis since they are responsible for transporting excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. Imbalance in this process, due to either excessive accumulation or impaired clearance, results in net cholesterol accumulation and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, significant effort has been focused on the development of therapeutic tools capable of either directly or indirectly enhancing HDL-guided reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). More recently, in light of the emergence of precision nanomedicine, there has been renewed research interest in attempting to take advantage of the development of advanced recombinant HDL (rHDL) for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. In this review, we provide an update on the different approaches that have been developed using rHDL, focusing on the rHDL production methodology and rHDL applications in theranostics. We also compile a series of examples highlighting potential future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepa B Uribe
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo.644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Cesar Martin
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo.644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain. and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain and Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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Bairamukov V, Bukatin A, Landa S, Burdakov V, Shtam T, Chelnokova I, Fedorova N, Filatov M, Starodubtseva M. Biomechanical Properties of Blood Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:4. [PMID: 33374530 PMCID: PMC7822188 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
While extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extensively studied by various practical applications in biomedicine, there is still little information on their biomechanical properties due to their nanoscale size. We identified isolated blood plasma vesicles that carried on biomarkers associated with exosomes and exomeres and applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study them at single particle level in air and in liquid. Air measurements of exosomes revealed a mechanically indented internal cavity in which highly adhesive sites were located. In contrast, the highly adhesive sites of exomeres were located at the periphery and the observed diameter of the particles was ~35 nm. In liquid, the reversible deformation of the internal cavity of exosomes was observed and a slightly deformed lipid bi-layer was identified. In contrast, exomeres were not deformed and their observed diameter was ~16 nm. The difference in diameters might be associated with a higher sorption of water film in air. The parameters we revealed correlated with the well-known structure and function for exosomes and were observed for exomeres for the first time. Our data provide a new insight into the biomechanical properties of nanoparticles and positioned AFM as an exclusive source of in situ information about their biophysical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bairamukov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Orlova Roshcha, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (S.L.); (V.B.); (T.S.); (N.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Anton Bukatin
- Alferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8/3, Khlopina St., 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-33A, Ivana Chernych, 198095 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Landa
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Orlova Roshcha, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (S.L.); (V.B.); (T.S.); (N.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Vladimir Burdakov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Orlova Roshcha, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (S.L.); (V.B.); (T.S.); (N.F.); (M.F.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Orlova Roshcha, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (S.L.); (V.B.); (T.S.); (N.F.); (M.F.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Chelnokova
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, 4, Fedyuninskogo St., 246007 Gomel, Belarus; (I.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Natalia Fedorova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Orlova Roshcha, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (S.L.); (V.B.); (T.S.); (N.F.); (M.F.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Filatov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Orlova Roshcha, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (S.L.); (V.B.); (T.S.); (N.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Starodubtseva
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, 4, Fedyuninskogo St., 246007 Gomel, Belarus; (I.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Gomel State Medical University, 5, Lange St., 246000 Gomel, Belarus
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17
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Dynamic AFM detection of the oxidation-induced changes in size, stiffness, and stickiness of low-density lipoprotein. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:167. [PMID: 33183326 PMCID: PMC7664080 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is an important plasma lipoprotein transporting lipids to peripheral tissues/cells. The oxidation of LDL plays critical roles in atherogenesis and its oxidized form (oxLDL) is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis. The biomechanical properties of LDL/oxLDL are closely correlated with the disease. To date, however, the oxidation-induced changes in size and biomechanical properties (stiffness and stickiness) of LDL particles are less investigated. Methods In this study, copper-induced LDL oxidation was confirmed by detecting electrophoretic mobility, malondialdehyde production, and conjugated diene formation. Then, the topographical and biomechanical mappings of LDL particles before/after and during oxidation were performed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the size and biomechanical forces of particles were measured and quantitatively analyzed. Results Oxidation induced a significant decrease in size and stiffness (Young’s modulus) but a significant increase in stickiness (adhesion force) of LDL particles. The smaller, softer, and stickier characteristics of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) partially explains its pro-atherosclerotic role. Conclusions The data implies that LDL oxidation probably aggravates atherogenesis by changing the size and biomechanical properties of LDL particles. The data may provide important information for a better understanding of LDL/oxLDL and atherosclerosis.![]()
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Chunta S, Boonsriwong W, Wattanasin P, Naklua W, Lieberzeit PA. Direct assessment of very-low-density lipoprotein by mass sensitive sensor with molecularly imprinted polymers. Talanta 2020; 221:121549. [PMID: 33076107 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contributes to the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries and can lead to coronary heart disease. In clinical laboratory testing, the cholesterol content of VLDL (VLDL-C) cannot be assessed directly by the enzymatic colorimetric assay as it can for other lipoproteins, due to lack of a specific sample pretreatment technique. VLDL concentration relies on analyzing the endogenous triglycerides (TGs) bound in its particles and then converting to the VLDL-C estimate TGs/5. This estimation is valid for at least 12 h-fasted serum when exogenous TGs attached to chylomicrons (CMs) have been cleared from the circulation. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based sensor was generated using biomimetic sensing elements as a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to directly measure actual VLDL. A novel VLDL-MIP was synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) in the ratio 1:1 (v/v) as functional monomers in the presence of N, N'-(1,2-dihydroxyethylene) bis(acrylamide) (DHEBA) as a crosslinking agent. The VLDL-MIP sensor showed high sensitivity with a linear response from 2.5 mg dL-1 to 100 mg dL-1 of VLDL-C with a limit of detection at 1.5 mg dL-1. Recoveries of 96-103% were achieved when the VLDL-MIP sensor was used for VLDL assessment at 38-71 mg dL-1 concentrations. Repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor were very good with coefficients of variation at 1.63-4.74% and 4.25-9.04%, respectively. The sensor demonstrated low cross-reactivity with other lipoproteins; 6-7% of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) signals, 2-4% high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and 1% CMs compared to the signal of VLDL. Sensor results for 12 h-fasted serum and non-fasted serum correlated well with VLDL estimates TGs/5, with coefficients of determination (R2) at 0.9967 and 0.9932, respectively. This new sensor offers a new strategy for direct VLDL assessment from non-fasted serum without other sample pretreatment steps than dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suticha Chunta
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | | | - Panwadee Wattanasin
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Naklua
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Ao M, Wang K, Zhou X, Chen G, Zhou Y, Wei B, Shao W, Huang J, Liao H, Wang Z, Sun Y, Zeng S, Chen Y. Exogenous GM3 ganglioside inhibits atherosclerosis via multiple steps: A potential atheroprotective drug. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104445. [PMID: 31526872 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A significant increase in ganglioside GM3 content generally happens in atherosclerotic plaques causing a GM3-enriched microenvironment. It remains unclear whether the GM3-enriched microenvironment influences atherogenesis. This study sought to answer the question by investigating exogenous GM3 effects on multiple steps involved in atherogenesis. First, the physicochemical properties of native low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL enriched with exogenous GM3 (GM3-LDL) were characterized by dynamic laser scattering, atomic force microscopy, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Then, electrophoretic mobility, conjugated diene and malondialdehyde production, and amino group blockage of GM3-LDL/LDL were measured to determine LDL oxidation degrees and cellular recognition/internalization of GM3-LDL/GM3-oxLDL were detected via confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Subsequently, influences of exogenous GM3 addition on the monocyte-adhering ability of endothelial cells and on lipid deposition in macrophages were investigated. Finally, exogenous GM3 effect on atherogenesis was evaluated using apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. We found that exogenous GM3 addition increased the size, charge, and stability of LDL particles, reduced LDL susceptibility to oxidation and its cellular recognition/internalization, impaired the monocyte-adhering ability of endothelial cells and lipid deposition in macrophages. Moreover, exogenous GM3 treatment also significantly decreased blood lipid levels and atherosclerotic lesion areas in atherosclerotic mice. The data imply that exogenous GM3 had an inhibitory effect on atherogenesis, suggesting a protective role of a GM3-enriched microenvironment in atherosclerotic plaques and implying a possibility of exogenous GM3 as an anti-atherosclerotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Ao
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Xing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Jiujiang Third People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Zhexuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Sufen Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
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Sun A, Lai Z, Zhao M, Mu L, Hu X. Native nanodiscs from blood inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. Biomaterials 2019; 192:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Sakai-Kato K, Nanjo K, Takechi-Haraya Y, Goda Y, Okuda H, Izutsu KI. Detailed Morphological Characterization of Nanocrystalline Active Ingredients in Solid Oral Dosage Forms Using Atomic Force Microscopy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:70. [PMID: 30631974 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of nanocrystalline active ingredients in multicomponent formulations for the design and manufacture of products with increased bioavailability is often challenging. The purpose of this study is to develop an atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging method for the detailed morphological characterization of nanocrystalline active ingredients in multicomponent oral formulations. The AFM images of aprepitant and sirolimus nanoparticles in aqueous suspension show that their sizes are comparable with those measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The method also provides information on a wide-sized range of particles, including small particles that can often only be detected by DLS when larger particles are removed by additional filtration steps. An expected advantage of the AFM method is the ability to obtain a detailed information on particle morphology and stiffness, which allows the active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipient (titanium dioxide) particles to be distinguished. Selective imaging of particles can also be achieved by varying the surface properties of the AFM solid substrate, which allows to control the interactions between the substrate and the active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipient particles. AFM analysis in combination with other methods (e.g., DLS), should facilitate the rational development of formulations based on nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Kunie Nanjo
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Okuda
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Izutsu
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Effects of enzymes on elastic modulus of low-density lipoproteins were investigated using atomic force microscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:607-611. [PMID: 29709480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) induces development of cardiovascular disease. Recently, reports of studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM) have described that the elastic modulus of metal-induced oxidized LDLs is lower than the modulus before oxidation. However, the mechanisms of change of the elastic modulus have not been well investigated. We postulated that disorder of the LDL structure might decrease the elastic modulus. This study measured the elastic modulus of LDLs before and after enzyme treatment with V8 protease, α-chymotrypsin, and phospholipase A2. After LDLs were obtained from serum by ultracentrifugation, LDLs or enzyme-treated LDLs were physically absorbed. They were crowded on a mica surface. Although V8 protease and α-chymotrypsin did not induce the elastic modulus change, treatment with PLA2 decreased the elastic modulus. The LDL particle size did not change during the enzyme treatment. Results suggest that disordering of the lipid structure of the LDL might contribute to the elastic modulus change. Results show that AFM might be a useful tool to evaluate disorders of complex nanoscale particle structures from lipids and proteins such as lipoproteins.
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23
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Gan C, Wang K, Tang Q, Chen Y. Comparative investigation on the sizes and scavenger receptor binding of human native and modified lipoprotein particles with atomic force microscopy. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:25. [PMID: 29592798 PMCID: PMC5872389 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The size and receptor-binding abilities of plasma lipoproteins are closely related with their structure/functions. Presently, the sizes of native lipoproteins have been measured by various methods including atomic force microscopy (AFM) whereas the sizes of modified lipoproteins are poorly determined and the receptor-binding ability of lipoproteins is less detected and compared at the nanoscale. METHODS Here, AFM was utilized to detect/compare the size and scavenger receptor-binding properties of three native human lipoproteins including high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein, and two modified human lipoproteins including oxidized and acetylated LDL, as well as bovine serum albumin and their antibodies as negative and positive controls, respectively. RESULTS AFM detected that the sizes of these lipoproteins are close to the commonly known values and the previously-reported AFM-detected sizes and that native and modified LDL have different height/size. AFM also revealed that the CD36-binding abilities of the five lipoproteins are different from one another and from their SR-B1-binding abilities and that the anti-CD36/SR-B1 antibodies as positive controls have strong CD36/SR-B1-binding abilities. CONCLUSIONS The data provide important information on lipoproteins for better understanding their structures/functions. Moreover, the data certify that besides size measurement AFM also can visualize receptor-lipoprotein binding at the nanoscale, as well as antigen-antibody (scavenger receptors and their antibodies) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoye Gan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
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24
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Chunta S, Suedee R, Lieberzeit PA. High-density lipoprotein sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:875-883. [PMID: 28664338 PMCID: PMC5775361 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Decreased blood level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the essential criteria in diagnosing metabolic syndrome associated with the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Herein, we report the synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that selectively binds HDL, namely, HDL-MIP, and thus serves as an artificial, biomimetic sensor layer. The optimized polymer contains methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone in the ratio of 2:3, cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. On 10 MHz dual electrode quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), such HDL-MIP revealed dynamic detection range toward HDL standards in the clinically relevant ranges of 2–250 mg/dL HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) without significant interference: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) yields 5% of the HDL signal, and both very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and human serum albumin (HSA) yield 0%. The sensor reveals recovery rates between 94 and 104% at 95% confidence interval with precision of 2.3–7.7% and shows appreciable correlation (R2 = 0.97) with enzymatic colorimetric assay, the standard in clinical tests. In contrast to the latter, it achieves rapid results (10 min) during one-step analysis without the need for sample preparation. ᅟ ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Suticha Chunta
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roongnapa Suedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Gan C, Wang Z, Chen Y. In situ AFM imaging of apolipoprotein A-I directly derived from plasma HDL. Atherosclerosis 2017; 259:5-11. [PMID: 28279834 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The major apolipoproteins of plasma lipoproteins play vital roles in the structural integrity and physiological functions of lipoproteins. More than ten structural models of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), have been developed successively. In these models, apoA-I was supposed to organize in a ring-shaped form. To date, however, there is no direct evidence under physiological condition. METHODS Here, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to in situ visualize the organization of apoA-I, which was exposed via depletion of the lipid component of plasma HDL pre-immobilized on functionalized mica sheets. RESULTS For the first time, the ring-shaped coarse structure and three detailed structures (crescent-shaped, gapped "O"-shaped, and parentheses-shaped structures, respectively) of apoA-I in plasma HDL, which have the ability of binding scavenger receptors, were directly observed and quantitatively measured by AFM. The three detailed structures probably represent the different extents to which the lipid component of HDL was depleted. Data on lipid depletion of HDL may provide clues to understand lipid insertion of HDL. CONCLUSIONS These data provide important information for the understanding of the structure/maturation of plasma HDL. Moreover, they suggest a powerful method for directly visualizing the major apolipoproteins of plasma lipoproteins or the protein component of lipoprotein-like lipid-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoye Gan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Zhexuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
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26
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Takechi-Haraya Y, Sakai-Kato K, Abe Y, Kawanishi T, Okuda H, Goda Y. Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of the Effect of Lipid Composition on Liposome Membrane Rigidity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6074-6082. [PMID: 27232007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical rigidity of the liposome membrane is often defined by the membrane bending modulus and is one of the determinants of liposome stability, but the quantitative experimental data are still limited to a few kinds of liposomes. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to investigate the membrane bending moduli of liposomes by immobilizing them on bovine serum albumin-coated glass in aqueous medium. The following lipids were used for liposome preparation: egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane, cholesterol, and N-(carbonylmethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) 2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. By using liposomes of various compositions, we showed that the thermodynamic phase state of the membrane rather than the electric potential or liposome surface modification with poly(ethylene glycol) is the predominant determinant of the bending modulus, which decreased in the following order: solid ordered > liquid ordered > liquid disordered. By using the generalized polarization value of the Laurdan fluorescent probe, we investigated membrane rigidity in terms of membrane fluidity. Atomic force microscopic analysis was superior to the Laurdan method, especially in evaluating the membrane rigidity of liposomes containing hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Positively charged liposomes with a large bending modulus were taken up by cells more efficiently than those with a small bending modulus. These findings offer a quantitative method of analyzing the membrane rigidity of nanosized liposomes with different lipid compositions and will contribute to the control of liposome stability and cellular uptake efficiency of liposomal formulations intended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Kawanishi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Okuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Ao M, Gan C, Shao W, Zhou X, Chen Y. Effects of cyclodextrins on the structure of LDL and its susceptibility to copper-induced oxidation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:183-9. [PMID: 27140842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have long been widely used as drug/food carriers and were recently developed as drugs for the treatment of diseases (e.g. Niemann-Pick C1 and cancers). It is unknown whether cyclodextrins may influence the structure of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), its susceptibility to oxidation, and atherogenesis. In this study, four widely used cyclodextrins including α-CD, γ-CD, and two derivatives of β-CD (HPβCD and MβCD) were recruited. Interestingly, agarose gel electrophoresis (staining lipid and protein components of LDL with Sudan Black B and Coomassie brilliant blue, respectively but simultaneously) shows that cyclodextrins at relatively high concentrations caused disappearance of the LDL band and/or appearance of an additional protein-free lipid band, implying that cyclodextrins at relatively high concentrations can induce significant electrophoresis-detectable lipid depletion of LDL. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) detected that MβCD (as a representative of cyclodextrins) induced size decrease of LDL particles in a dose-dependent manner, further confirming the lipid depletion effects of cyclodextrins. Moreover, the data from agarose gel electrophoresis, conjugated diene formation, MDA production, and amino group blockage of copper-oxidized LDL show that cyclodextrins can impair LDL susceptibility to oxidation. It implies that cyclodextrins probably help to inhibit atherogenesis by lowering LDL oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Ao
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Chaoye Gan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
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28
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Gogonea V. Structural Insights into High Density Lipoprotein: Old Models and New Facts. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:318. [PMID: 26793109 PMCID: PMC4709926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological link between circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and cardiovascular disease is well-documented, albeit its intricacies are not well-understood. An improved appreciation of HDL function and overall role in vascular health and disease requires at its foundation a better understanding of the lipoprotein's molecular structure, its formation, and its process of maturation through interactions with various plasma enzymes and cell receptors that intervene along the pathway of reverse cholesterol transport. This review focuses on summarizing recent developments in the field of lipid free apoA-I and HDL structure, with emphasis on new insights revealed by newly published nascent and spherical HDL models constructed by combining low resolution structures obtained from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and geometrical constraints derived from hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), crosslinking mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer, and electron spin resonance. Recently published low resolution structures of nascent and spherical HDL obtained from SANS with contrast variation and isotopic labeling of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) will be critically reviewed and discussed in terms of how they accommodate existing biophysical structural data from alternative approaches. The new low resolution structures revealed and also provided some answers to long standing questions concerning lipid organization and particle maturation of lipoproteins. The review will discuss the merits of newly proposed SANS based all atom models for nascent and spherical HDL, and compare them with accepted models. Finally, naturally occurring and bioengineered mutations in apoA-I, and their impact on HDL phenotype, are reviewed and discuss together with new therapeutics employed for restoring HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State UniversityCleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA
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29
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Li M, Gan C, Shao W, Yu C, Wang X, Chen Y. Effects of membrane lipid composition and antibacterial drugs on the rigidity of Escherichia coli: Different contributions of various bacterial substructures. SCANNING 2016; 38:70-79. [PMID: 26153236 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rigidity/stiffness is an important biomechanical property of bacteria and potentially correlated with many bacterial activities. While the rigidity or fluidity of the bacterial membrane has been extensively studied, the contributions of different bacterial substructures to the bacterial rigidity are less investigated. Here, we utilized four Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains with different membrane lipid compositions and three antibacterial drugs (EDTA, lysozyme, and streptomycin) to specifically alter bacterial substructures. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we found that the average height and Young's modulus of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-deficient E. coli strains were larger than those of PE(+) strains and that EDTA, EDTA plus lysozyme instead of lysozyme alone, and streptomycin all caused significant decreases in height and Young's modulus of the four E. coli strains. Our data imply that membrane lipid composition, the integrated outer membrane, the cell wall, and the cytoplasmic content are all responsible for bacterial rigidity but to different extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoye Gan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuchang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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30
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Chunta S, Suedee R, Lieberzeit PA. Low-Density Lipoprotein Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. Anal Chem 2015; 88:1419-25. [PMID: 26643785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) strongly correlates with incidence of coronary heart disease. We synthesized novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) as biomimetic specific receptors to establish rapid analysis of LDL levels. For that purpose the ratios of monomers acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP), respectively, were screened on 10 MHz dual-electrode quartz crystal microbalances (QCM). Mixing MAA and VP in the ratio 3:2 (m/m) revealed linear sensor characteristic to LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from 4 to 400 mg/dL or 0.10-10.34 mmol/L in 100 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without significant interference: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) yields 4-6% of the LDL signal, very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) yields 1-3%, and human serum albumin (HSA) yields 0-2%. The LDL-MIP sensor reveals analytical accuracy of 95-96% at the 95% confidence interval with precision at 6-15%, respectively. Human serum diluted 1:2 with PBS buffer was analyzed by LDL-MIP sensors to demonstrate applicability to real-life samples. The sensor responses are excellently correlated to the results of the standard technique, namely, a homogeneous enzymatic assay (R(2) = 0.97). This demonstrates that the system can be successfully applied to human serum samples for determining LDL concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suticha Chunta
- University of Vienna , Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna , Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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