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Guo Y, Wang M, Xing K, Pan M, Wang L. Covalent binding of ultrasound-treated japonica rice bran protein to catechin: Structural and functional properties of the complex. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 93:106292. [PMID: 36669429 PMCID: PMC9868872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the existence of many disulfide bonds in japonica rice bran protein (JRBP) molecules, their solubility is poor, which seriously affects other functional properties. To improve the functional characteristics of JRBP molecules, they were processed by ultrasound technology, and JRBP-catechin (CC) covalent complex was prepared. The structural and functional properties of indica and japonica rice bran proteins and their complexes were compared; furthermore, the changes in the structural and functional properties of JRBP-CC under different ultrasound conditions were investigated. The results showed that compared with indica rice bran protein (IRBP), the secondary structure of JRBP-CC was very different, the water holding capacity (WHC) was higher, and the emulsification performance was better. Different ultrasound conditions had different effects on the functional properties of JRBP-CC. When the ultrasound power was 200 W, the λmax redshift of the JRBP-CC complex was the most significant, the particle size was the smallest, the absolute value of the zeta potential was the largest, and the hydrophobicity and microstructure of the JRBP-CC complex were the best. Concurrently, the maximum WHC and oil holding capacity (OHC) of JRBP-CC under these conditions were 7.54 g/g and 6.87 g/g, respectively. Moreover, the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability index (ESI) were 210 m2/g and 47.8 min, respectively, and the scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS+ were 71.96 % and 80.07 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guo
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kaiwen Xing
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingzhe Pan
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Liqi Wang
- School of Food Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150000, China
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Ma Y, Xiang S, Jiang W, Kong L, Tan Z, Liang Z, Yuan Z, Yi J, Zhu L. Gamma-oryzanol protects human liver cell (L02) from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage through regulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14118. [PMID: 35218032 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-oryzanol (Orz), a mixture of the ferulic acid ester of triterpene alcohols and phytosterols, was found abundantly in rice bran and rice bran oil which could be available and served as an antioxidant. The present study was to explore the potential protective effects of Orz on oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in human hepatic cells (L02 cells) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Flow cytometry detection and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that Orz significantly restored cell cycle and ameliorated apoptosis in H2 O2 -challenged L02 cells. Orz pretreatment inhibited H2 O2 -induced cell apoptosis by increasing the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (OH·), and efficiently decreasing the production of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, a loss of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were enhanced in H2 O2 -mediated L02 cells pretreated with Orz. Furthermore, preincubation with Orz reduced H2 O2 -mediated the proapoptotic protein of Bak expression and the phosphorylation of ASK1, p38, JNK, and ERK, and increased the anti-apoptotic protein of Bcl-xl expression and anti-oxidative stress proteins of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. The findings suggested that Orz exerts the cytoprotective effects in H2 O2 -induced L02 cells apoptosis by ameliorating oxidative stress via inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gamma-oryzanol (Orz), a mixture of the ferulic acid ester of triterpene alcohols and phytosterols, was found abundantly in rice bran and rice bran oil which could be availably served as an antioxidant. In this study, it was found that Orz exerts the cytoprotective effects in H2 O2 -induced L02 cell apoptosis by ameliorating oxidative stress via the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway and the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for dietary adding natural products to prevent or treat oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Siting Xiang
- Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuliang Tan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Antioxidation, Anti-Inflammation, and Regulation of SRD5A Gene Expression of Oryza sativa cv. Bue Bang 3 CMU Husk and Bran Extracts as Androgenetic Alopecia Molecular Treatment Substances. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030330. [PMID: 35161311 PMCID: PMC8840328 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a hair loss disorder, is a genetic predisposition to sensitive androgens, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Unfortunately, current treatments with synthetic medicines contain a restricted mechanism along with side effects, whereas the bioactive constituents of plant extracts are multifunctional, with fewer side effects. The massive amounts of rice husk and bran are agricultural wastes that may cause pollution and environmental problems. Owing to these rationales, the local rice variety, Bue Bang 3 CMU (BB3CMU), which is grown in northern Thailand, was evaluated for the valuable utilization of rice by-products, husk (BB3CMU-H) and bran (BB3CMU-RB) extracts, for AGA treatment regarding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-androgenic activities, and the characterization of bioactive compounds. Our study verified that BB3CMU-H had the highest level of polyphenols, contributing to its greater antioxidant activity. Conversely, BB3CMU-RB was the predominant source of tocopherols, resulting in better anti-androgenic activities regarding the downregulation of steroid 5α-reductase genes (SRD5A). Notably, anti-inflammation via the attenuation of nitric oxide productions was observed in BB3CMU-H (0.06 ± 0.13 μM) and BB3CMU-RB (0.13 ± 0.01 μM), which were significantly comparable to diclofenac sodium salt (0.13 ± 0.19 μM). Therefore, the combination of BB3CMU-H and BB3CMU-RB could be utilized in cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications for AGA patients.
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Martillanes S, Ayuso-Yuste MC, Bernalte MJ, Gil MV, Delgado-Adámez J. Cellulase-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from rice bran (Oryza sativa L.): process optimization and characterization. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Comparison of lipid degradation in raw and infrared stabilized rice bran and rice bran oil: matrix effect. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wongwaiwech D, Weerawatanakorn M, Boonnoun P. Subcritical dimethyl ether extraction as a simple method to extract nutraceuticals from byproducts from rice bran oil manufacture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21007. [PMID: 33273543 PMCID: PMC7713051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The byproducts of rice bran oil processes are a good source of fat-soluble nutraceuticals, including γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanols. This study aimed to investigate the effects of green technology with low pressure as the subcritical fluid extraction with dimethyl ether (SUBFDME) on the amount of γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanol extracted from the byproducts and to increase the purity of policosanols. The SUBFDME extraction apparatus was operated under pressures below 1 MPa. Compared to the chemical extraction method, SUBFDME gave the highest content of γ-oryzanol at 924.51 mg/100 g from defatted rice bran, followed by 829.88 mg/100 g from the filter cake, while the highest phytosterol content was 367.54 mg/100 g. Transesterification gave the highest extraction yield of 43.71% with the highest policosanol content (30,787 mg/100 g), and the SUBFDME method increased the policosanol level from transesterified rice bran wax to 84,913.14 mg/100 g. The results indicate that the SUBFDME method is a promising tool to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol and a simple and effective technique to increase the purity of policosanol. The study presented a novel technique for the potential use of SUBSFDME as an alternative low-pressure and low-temperature technique to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol. The combination of transesterification and the SUBFDME technique is a potential simple two-step method to extract and purify policosanol, which is beneficial for the manufacture of dietary supplements, functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donporn Wongwaiwech
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Panatpong Boonnoun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Status of Bioactive Compounds from Bran of Pigmented Traditional Rice Varieties and Their Scope in Production of Medicinal Food with Nutraceutical Importance. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of pigmented rice as a staple food is rapidly increasing due to their healthy prospective and considered as functional food ingredients. Greater interest has been shown in many color rice varieties due to their multiple biological activities. The phenolic compounds have been found to consist of anthocyanidins, ferulic acid, diferulates, anthocyanins and polymeric proanthocyanidins. Anthocyanin is located in the bran layers of the rice kernel, while phenolic acids are mainly present in the bran layers of rice, existing as free, conjugated and bound forms. Keeping in view the several health benefits associated with the functional ingredients, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer effects, pigmented rice is considered as a functional food and food ingredient in many Asian countries. The application and incorporation of bran into food products for the preparation of functional foods is increasing. Within the scope of this review, we highlighted the significant bioactive compounds from pigmented rice varieties and their potentials for medicinal and nutraceutical ingredients. The information provided from this could be of high benefit to the functional food industry and further research advance medicinal products.
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Arun KB, Dhanya R, Chandran J, Abraham B, Satyan S, Nisha P. A comparative study to elucidate the biological activities of crude extracts from rice bran and wheat bran in cell line models. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:3221-3231. [PMID: 32728270 PMCID: PMC7374552 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the nutritional composition of bran from rice (RB) and wheat (WB) and compared the natural virtues of crude extracts based on phenolic composition, antidiabetic and anticancer activities. The profiling of phenolic-rich ethyl acetate extracts (RBE and WBE) confirms that RBE is rich in catechol (0.122 mg/g dw), p-coumaric acid (0.159 mg/g dw), kaempferol (0.374 mg/g dw) and apigenin (0.399 mg/g dw); and WBE is affluent with catechol (0.144 mg/g dw), ferulic acid (0.160 mg/g dw), caffeic acid (0.083 mg/g dw) and ellagic acid (0.074 mg/g dw). RBE exhibited better antioxidant activity, inhibited the activity of α-amylase (IC50-353.41 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50-314.22 µg/mL), hindered glycation process (IC50-451.11 µg/mL), and enhanced glucose uptake in L6 muscle cells (20.4%) indicating its potential in diabetic management. RBE was toxic to HT29 colon cancer cells and decreased cell membrane integrity. RBE and WBE arrested cell-cycle transition in HT29 cells from G0 to G1 and G2 to M phase respectively and induced apoptosis (27.15% and 5.9%, respectively for RBE and WBE) suggesting anticancer activities of the extract. The study indicates that bran from rice and wheat are a potential source of dietary fibre and phytochemicals with antidiabetic and anticancer properties for developing value-added products with nutraceutical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Arun
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O. Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
| | - R. Dhanya
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O. Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
| | - Janu Chandran
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O. Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
| | - Billu Abraham
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O. Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Sannya Satyan
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O. Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - P. Nisha
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O. Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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9
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Zhang H, Kai G, Xia Y, Wang G, Ai L. Antioxidant and in vitro digestion property of black rice (Oryza sativa L.): a comparison study between whole grain and rice bran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2019-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA comparison study between whole grain and rice bran to evaluate the antioxidant activity and starch digestion property of black rice was conducted. Total phenolics content (TPC) and total anthocyanins content (TAC) analysis found that TPC and TAC contribution of rice bran to the whole grain were over 73 and 91%, respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside with minor peonidin-3-glucoside were identified in all whole grain and rice bran samples by HPLC-ESI-MS. The rice bran exhibited much stronger antioxidant activities than the whole grain, acting as the major antioxidant contributor to the black rice due to the high levels of TPC and TAC. In vitro digestion analysis found that rice bran could significantly decrease the digestibility and predicted glycemic index (pGI) of rice flour by lowering the rapid digestion starch and increasing the resistant starch (RS). This study revealed that rice bran could be a potential edible resource of phenolic-enriched antioxidant and glycemic regulator in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Mohammadi M, Sardarodiyan M, Salehi EA, Baghan EE. INVESTIGATING THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF IRANIAN CHILI PEPPER EXTRACT. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v14i1.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress oxidative factors are known to causes diseases resulting from metabolic disorders. Therefore, preventing, or at least decreasing the amount of these factors may have a positive impact on prevention or improvement of the metabolic problems. Recently, the herbal medicines are more considered due to more effectiveness. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been reduced recently due to their adverse effects on human health. The present research aims at evaluating the antioxidant power of chili pepper. Some solvents such as water, ethanol and water-ethanol solution, with or without ultrasound wave application, are used to provide the chili pepper extracts. The amount of tocopherol and phenol compounds in the extracts has been measured using stoichiometry method and the antioxidant power of the extracts was measured and analyzed by beta-carotene and DPPH tests. Finally, the extracts’ oxidative stability was determined. The data was statically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The P level of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that the amount of phenol compounds in terms of Gallic acid in different extracts are between 1066.3 and 1172.27 mg/kg, and the amount of tocopherol compounds in terms of alpha-tocopherol is between 693.52 and 867.65 mg/ml. the oxidative stability index in different extracts was between 5.55 and 7.23 hours. The inhibitory percentage of Linoleic acid oxidation in the extract varied between 57.2 and 83.6%, and the inhibitory percentage of DPPH radicals in different extracts varied between 71.33 and 91.87%. The maximum and minimum efficiency for phenol and tocopherol compound extraction were obtained using ethanol and water solvents, respectively. With a high antioxidant power, chili pepper can find a wide application in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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Bourebaba L, Gilbert-López B, Oukil N, Bedjou F. Phytochemical composition of Ecballium elaterium extracts with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities: Comparison among leaves, flowers and fruits extracts. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Martillanes S, Ramírez R, Amaro‐Blanco G, Ayuso‐Yuste MC, Gil MV, Delgado‐Adámez J. Effect of rice bran extract on the preservation of pork burger treated with high pressure processing. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martillanes
- Technological Agri‐Food Institute (INTAEX) Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX) Badajoz Spain
- Agricultural Engineering School University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain
| | - Rosario Ramírez
- Technological Agri‐Food Institute (INTAEX) Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX) Badajoz Spain
| | - Gonzalo Amaro‐Blanco
- Technological Agri‐Food Institute (INTAEX) Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX) Badajoz Spain
| | - María Concepción Ayuso‐Yuste
- Agricultural Engineering School University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain
- University Research Institute of Agricultural Resource Badajoz Spain
| | - María Victoria Gil
- IACYS‐Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain
| | - Jonathan Delgado‐Adámez
- Technological Agri‐Food Institute (INTAEX) Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX) Badajoz Spain
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Saha S, Walia S, Sharma K, Banerjee K. Suitability of stationary phase for LC analysis of biomolecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2856-2873. [PMID: 31621391 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1665494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as carotenoids/isoprenoids, vitamins, steroids, saponins, sugars, long chain fatty acids, and amino acids play a very important role in coordinating functions in living organisms. Determination of those substances is indispensable in advanced biological sciences. Engineered stationary phase in LC for the analysis of biomolecules has become easier with the development of chromatographic science. In general, C18 column is being used for routine analysis but specific columns are being used for specific molecule. Monolithic columns are found to have higher efficiency than normal column. Among recent introduction, triacontyl stationary phases, designed for the separation of carotenoid isomers, are widely used for the estimation of carotenoids. In comparison to conventional C18 phases, C30 phases exhibited superior shape selectivity for the separation of isomers of carotenoids. It is also found useful for better elution and analysis of tocopherols, vitamin K, sterols, and fatty acids. Vitamin K, E, and their isomers are also successfully resoluted and analyzed by using C30 column. Amino bonded phase column is specifically used for better elution of sugars, whereas phenyl columns are suitable for the separation and analysis of curcuminoids and taxol. Like triacontyl stationary phase, pentafluorophenyl columns are also used for the separation and analysis of carotenoids. Similarly, HILIC column are best suited for sugar analysis. All the stationary phases are made possible to resolute and analyze the target biomolecules better, which are the future of liquid chromatography. The present article focuses on the differential interaction between stationary phase and target biomolecules. The applicability of these stationary phases are reported in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Butardo VM, Sreenivasulu N, Juliano BO. Improving Rice Grain Quality: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1892:19-55. [PMID: 30397798 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8914-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice grain quality encompasses complex interrelated traits that cover biochemical composition, cooking, eating, nutritional, and sensory properties. Because rice endosperm is composed mainly of starch, rice grain quality is traditionally defined by characterizing starch structure and composition, which is then subsequently correlated with functional properties of the grain. The current proxy tests routinely used to describe rice grain quality preferences are rather limited to the estimation of apparent amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and gel consistency. Additional tests that characterize starch property, viscoelasticity, grain texture, and aroma are also employed in more advanced laboratories. However, these tests are not routinely applied in breeding programs to distinguish cooking quality classes to reflect evolving consumer preference and market demand. As consumer preferences in Asia and all over the world are diverse due to varied demographics and culture, defining uniform attributes to capture regional grain quality preferences becomes more challenging. Hence, novel and innovative proxy tests are needed to characterize rice grain quality to meet the demand for consumer preferences of commercially-released cultivars. In this chapter, the current methods employed in rice grain quality monitoring are succinctly reviewed. Future prospects for improvement are identified, introducing cutting edge technologies that can facilitate high-throughput screening of rice diversity panels and breeding lines. Aside from addressing the requirements for quality improvement in the traditional inbred rice breeding programs, we also tackled the need to enhance grain quality in the hybrid rice sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito M Butardo
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
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Rajendran V, Sivakumar HP, Marichamy I, Sundararajan S, Ramalingam S. Phytonutrients analysis in ten popular traditional Indian rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Bioavailability, composition and functional characterization of extracts from Oryza sativa L. bran. Food Res Int 2018; 111:299-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Pornputtapitak W, Pantakitcharoenkul J, Panpakdee R, Teeranachaideekul V, Sinchaipanid N. Development of γ-Oryzanol Rich Extract from Leum Pua Glutinous Rice Bran Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Delivery. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:125-133. [PMID: 29367479 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leum Pua is native Thai glutinous rice that contains antioxidants higher than white rice and other colored rice. One of the major antioxidants in rice brans is γ-oryzanol (GO). In this study, Leum Pua glutinous rice bran was extracted by different solvents. Oleic acid (~40 g/100 g extract), linoleic acid (~30 g/100 g extract), and palmitic acid (~20 g/100 g extract) were found to be major lipid components in the extracts. Methanol extract showed less variety of lipid components compared to the others. However, hexane extract showed the highest percent of γ-oryzanol compared to other solvents. Therefore, the hexane extract was selected to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). The prepared NLC had small particles in the size range of 142.9 ± 0.4 nm for extract-loaded NLC and 137.1 ± 0.5 nm for GO-loaded NLC with narrow size distribution (PI < 0.1) in both formulations. The release profile of extract-loaded NLC formulation was slightly higher than GO-loaded NLC formulation. However, they did not follow the Higuchi model because of small amounts of γ-oryzanol loaded in NLC particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ratchada Panpakdee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University
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Comparative Analysis of γ-Oryzanol, β-Glucan, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Fermented Rice Bran of Different Varieties. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060571. [PMID: 28587204 PMCID: PMC5490550 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran, a by-product derived from processing rice, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Recent studies have suggested that the fermentation can improve their biological activities. This study aimed to determined the level of γ-oryzanol, β-glucan and total phenol contents of fermented rice bran from 21 Korean varieties, as well as to evaluate their antioxidant activities. We also assessed the validation of the analytical method for determining γ-oryzanol content in fermented rice brans. Among the fermented rice brans, the Haedam rice bran contained the highest level of total phenol content (156.08 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (71.30%) and ORAC (Oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value (1101.31 μM trolox equivalents/g). Furthermore, the fermented Migwang rice bran showed the highest level of γ-oryzanol content (294.77 ± 6.74 mg/100 g).
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Antioxidative effect of Assam Tea (Camellia sinesis Var. Assamica) extract on rice bran oil and its application in breakfast cereal. Food Chem 2017; 221:1733-1740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Scientific Evidence of Rice By-Products for Cancer Prevention: Chemopreventive Properties of Waste Products from Rice Milling on Carcinogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9017902. [PMID: 28210630 PMCID: PMC5292171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern affecting men and women worldwide. Although current chemopreventive drugs could inhibit the growth of cancer cells, they exert many adverse side effects. Dietary factor plays a crucial role in the management of cancers and has drawn the attention of researchers to be used as an option to combat this disease. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that rice and its by-products display encouraging results in the prevention of this disease. The mechanism of anticancer effect is suggested partly through potentiation of bioactive compounds like vitamin E, phytic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, and phenolics. Nevertheless, the bioactivity of rice and its by-products is still incompletely understood. In this review, we present the findings from a preclinical study both in in vitro and in animal experiments on the promising role of rice by-products with focus on cancer prevention.
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Srikaeo K, Poungsampao P, Phuong NT. Utilization of the Fine Particles Obtained from Cold Pressed Vegetable Oils: A Case Study in Organic Rice Bran, Sunflower and Sesame Oils. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:21-29. [PMID: 27928142 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particles obtained from the physical refining of organic cold pressed vegetable oils which are normally discarded as a process waste can be utilized as cosmetic and food ingredients. This paper demonstrated the use of the fine particles from rice bran (Thai Jasmine and Riceberry varieties), sunflower and sesame oils as the ingredient in body mask and as dietary fiber. It was found that the fine particles from rice brans exhibited better antioxidant properties than those of sunflower and sesame. The mixed fine particles were added to body mask formula. The addition of the fine particles affected the physical properties and stability of the body mask especially viscosity and pH. Total dietary fiber recovered from the fine particles ranged from 17.91-23.83 g/100g dry sample. Dietary fiber from Riceberry exhibited the best antioxidant properties as evidenced by DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khongsak Srikaeo
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University
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Pal P, Singh N, Kaur P, Kaur A, Virdi AS, Parmar N. Comparison of Composition, Protein, Pasting, and Phenolic Compounds of Brown Rice and Germinated Brown Rice from Different Cultivars. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-03-16-0066-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
| | - Parmeet Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
| | - Amardeep Singh Virdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
| | - Naincy Parmar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
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Lin L, Huang L, Fan D, Hu B, Gao Y, Lian H, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Effects of the components in rice flour on thermal radical generation under microwave irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1226-1230. [PMID: 27664929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between radical generation under microwave irradiation and the components of various types of rice flour were investigated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the radicals found in rice flour samples. The EPR spectra revealed that several types of radical (carbon-centered, tyrosyl and semiquinone) were localized in the starch and protein fractions of the rice flour. The signal intensity of the free radicals was observed to increase exponentially with increasing microwave power and residence time. The rice bran samples exhibited the greatest free radical signal intensity, followed by the brown rice samples and the white rice samples. This finding was consistent for both the native and the microwaved samples. The ratio of rice starch to rice protein also played an important role in the generation of radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Luelue Huang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Daming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yishu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huizhang Lian
- Wuxi Huashun Minsheng Food Co. Ltd., Wuxi 214218, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Tiwari GJ, Liu Q, Shreshtha P, Li Z, Rahman S. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of the expression of OsFAD2-1: effect on lipid accumulation and expression of lipid biosynthetic genes in the rice grain. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:189. [PMID: 27581494 PMCID: PMC5007732 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bran from polished rice grains can be used to produce rice bran oil (RBO). High oleic (HO) RBO has been generated previously through RNAi down-regulation of OsFAD2-1. HO-RBO has higher oxidative stability and could be directly used in the food industry without hydrogenation, and is hence free of trans fatty acids. However, relative to a classic oilseed, lipid metabolism in the rice grain is poorly studied and the genetic alteration in the novel HO genotype remains unexplored. RESULTS Here, we have undertaken further analysis of role of OsFAD2-1 in the developing rice grain. The use of Illumina-based NGS transcriptomics analysis of developing rice grain reveals that knockdown of Os-FAD2-1 gene expression was accompanied by the down regulation of the expression of a number of key genes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway in the HO rice line. A slightly higher level of oil accumulation was also observed in the HO-RBO. CONCLUSION Prominent among the down regulated genes were those that coded for FatA, LACS, SAD2, SAD5, caleosin and steroleosin. It may be possible to further increase the oleic acid content in rice oil by altering the expression of the lipid biosynthetic genes that are affected in the HO line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Ji Tiwari
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shreshtha
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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25
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Ham H, Lee YY, Park JY, Lee C, Kwak J, Kim IH, Lee J. Protective Mechanisms of Unsaponifiable Matter from Rice Bran Against Tert
-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonmi Ham
- Department of Central Area; National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration; Suwon Gyeonggi 16613 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Young Lee
- Department of Central Area; National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration; Suwon Gyeonggi 16613 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Central Area; National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration; Suwon Gyeonggi 16613 Republic of Korea
| | - Choonwoo Lee
- Department of Central Area; National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration; Suwon Gyeonggi 16613 Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kwak
- Department of Central Area; National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration; Suwon Gyeonggi 16613 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Korea University; 02841 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
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26
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Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Nachaisin M, Jamradloedluk J, Niamnuy C. Application of Combined Far-Infrared Radiation and Air Convection for Drying of Instant Germinated Brown Rice. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mali Nachaisin
- Faculty of Engineering; Mahasarakham University; Kantarawichai Maha Sarakham 44150 Thailand
| | | | - Chalida Niamnuy
- Center of Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
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28
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Formation, antioxidant property and oxidative stability of cold pressed rice bran oil emulsion. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:6520-8. [PMID: 26396397 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cold pressed rice bran oil (CPRBO) is used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its desirable health and functional attributes. The purpose of this work was to study the formation, antioxidant property and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsion of CPRBO. The influence of oil (10-40 % CPRBO) and surfactant (1-5 % glyceryl monostearate (GMS)) concentration on the properties of emulsions were studied. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of CPRBO emulsions decreased as GMS concentration increased, which was attributed to a decrease in droplet size after homogenization. The CPRBO emulsion was stable during storage at room temperature for 30 days. Increasing the oil concentration in the CPRBO emulsions increased their antioxidant activity, which can be attributed to the corresponding increase in phytochemical content. However, GMS concentration had little impact on the antioxidant activity of CPRBO emulsions. The storage of CPRBO emulsion at room temperature showed that lipid oxidation markers gradually increased after 30 days of storage, which was correlated to a decrease in gamma oryzanol content and antioxidant activity. These results have important implications for the utilization of rice bran oil (RBO) as a function ingredient in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
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Anggraini T, . N, Limber U, Amelia R. Antioxidant Activities of Some Red, Black and White Rice Cultivar from West Sumatra, Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.112.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Park KM, Kim YN, Choi SJ, Park JH, Chang PS. Chemoselective Oxidation of C6 Primary Hydroxyl Groups of Polysaccharides in Rice Bran for the Application as a Novel Water-Soluble Dietary Fiber. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.926370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Lin TC, Huang SH, Ng LT. Effects of cooking conditions on the concentrations of extractable tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol in brown rice: Longer cooking time increases the levels of extractable bioactive components. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Chi Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hua Huang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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32
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Yılmaz N, Tuncel NB, Kocabıyık H. Infrared stabilization of rice bran and its effects on γ-oryzanol content, tocopherols and fatty acid composition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1568-1576. [PMID: 24166149 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice bran is a nutritionally valuable by-product of paddy milling. In this study an experimental infrared (IR) stabilization system was developed to prevent rice bran rancidity. The free fatty acid content of raw and IR-stabilized rice bran samples was monitored every 15 days during 6 months of storage. In addition, energy consumption was determined. RESULTS The free fatty acid content of rice bran stabilized at 600 W IR power for 5 min remained below 5% for 165 days. No significant change in γ-oryzanol content or fatty acid composition but a significant decrease in tocopherol content was observed in stabilized rice bran compared with raw bran. IR stabilization was found to be comparable to extrusion with regard to energy consumption. CONCLUSION IR stabilization was effective in preventing hydrolytic rancidity of rice bran. By optimizing the operational parameters of IR stabilization, this by-product has the potential for use in the food industry in various ways as a value-added commodity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Yılmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
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33
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Study of chemical composition and volatile compounds along with in-vitro assay of antioxidant activity of two medicinal rice varieties: Karungkuravai and Mappilai samba. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:2572-84. [PMID: 25892756 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the chemical composition and volatiles present in two medicinal rice varieties of "karungkuravai" and "mappilai samba" and to investigate their total phenolic content and bio activity. Chemical composition of the rice varieties was analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), the volatile compounds are identified using static head space analysis (SHS) followed by GC-MS. Total phenolic content (TPC) is estimated using Folin Ciocalteu colorimetric method, antioxidant assay is done using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. GC-MS and SHS analysis identified pharmaceutically important phytochemicals present in the rice variety. The compounds like "curlone" and "7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)- 2H-1-4-benzodiazapene-2-one" are identified for the first time in any rice variety. Phenols are found to be present in both rice varieties. Both rice varieties also showed antioxidant activity in both DPPH and FRAP assays and the IC50 values were 91.08 μg/ml and 359.93 μg/ml for "karungkuravai" and "mappilai samba", respectively. . The correlation coefficient and regression analysis of total phenolic content with DPPH assay and FRAP assay show significant positive correlation coefficient values and coefficient of regression values.
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34
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Immunostimulatory effects and characterization of a glycoprotein fraction from rice bran. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Spiazzi CC, Manfredini V, Barcellos da Silva FE, Flores EMM, Izaguirry AP, Vargas LM, Soares MB, Santos FW. γ-Oryzanol protects against acute cadmium-induced oxidative damage in mice testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:526-32. [PMID: 23395783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal that is present at low levels mainly in food and water and also in cigar smoke. The present study evaluated the testicular damage caused by acute cadmium exposure and verified the protective role of γ-oryzanol (ORY). Mice were administrated with a single dose of 2.5mg/kg of CdCl2, and then treated with ORY (50mM in canola oil, 5mL/kg). Testes were removed after 24h and tested for lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonylation, DNA breakage, ascorbic acid, cadmium and non-proteic thiols contents, and for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and δ-aminolevulic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D). Cadmium presented a significant alteration in all parameters, except GPx and CAT activities. Therapy reduced in a slight degree cadmium concentration in testes (around 23%). ORY restored SOD and GST activities as well as TBARS production to the control levels. Furthermore, ORY partially recovered δ-ALA-D activity inhibited by cadmium. This study provides the first evidence on the therapeutic properties of ORY in protecting against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano C Spiazzi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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Jun HJ, Lee JH, Cho BR, Seo WD, Kang HW, Kim DW, Cho KJ, Lee SJ. Dual inhibition of γ-oryzanol on cellular melanogenesis: inhibition of tyrosinase activity and reduction of melanogenic gene expression by a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1706-1711. [PMID: 23031087 DOI: 10.1021/np300250m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro effects on melanogenesis of γ-oryzanol (1), a rice bran-derived phytosterol, were investigated. The melanin content in B16F1 cells was significantly and dose-dependently reduced (-13% and -28% at 3 and 30 μM, respectively). Tyrosinase enzyme activity was inhibited by 1 both in a cell-free assay and when analyzed based on the measurement of cellular tyrosinase activity. Transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the biological pathways altered by 1, and it was found that gene expression involving protein kinase A (PKA) signaling was markedly altered. Subsequent analyses revealed that 1 stimulation in B16 cells reduced cytosolic cAMP concentrations, PKA activity (-13% for cAMP levels and -40% for PKA activity), and phosphorylation of the cAMP-response element binding protein (-57%), which, in turn, downregulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF; -59% for mRNA and -64% for protein), a key melanogenic gene transcription factor. Accordingly, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1; -69% for mRNA and -82% for protein) and dopachrome tautomerase (-51% for mRNA and -92% for protein) in 1-stimulated B16F1 cells were also downregulated. These results suggest that 1 has dual inhibitory activities for cellular melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme activity and reducing MITF and target genes in the PKA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-jin Jun
- Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Thanonkaew A, Wongyai S, McClements DJ, Decker EA. Effect of stabilization of rice bran by domestic heating on mechanical extraction yield, quality, and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed rice bran oil (Oryza saltiva L.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Jun HJ, Lee JH, Cho BR, Seo WD, Kim DW, Cho KJ, Lee SJ. p-Coumaric acid inhibition of CREB phosphorylation reduces cellular melanogenesis. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Sani IM, Iqbal S, Chan KW, Ismail M. Effect of acid and base catalyzed hydrolysis on the yield of phenolics and antioxidant activity of extracts from germinated brown rice (GBR). Molecules 2012; 17:7584-94. [PMID: 22713349 PMCID: PMC6268343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of both acidic and basic hydrolysis on the yield, total phenolic content and antioxidative capacity of methanolic extract of germinated brown rice (GBR) was studied. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests were used for the measurement of antioxidant ability. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the TPC and DPPH radical scavenging assay results when comparing neutral with acidic and basic catalysed hydrolysis. The yield of the crude extract was slightly higher in acidic hydrolysis than in basic hydrolysis (p > 0.05). The TPC and TFC were highest in acidic hydrolysis. A significant correlation was observed between ABTS radical cation scavenging and FRAP. The antioxidant activity measured using DPPH radical scavenging assay showed high activity in acidic hydrolysis, while the ABTS radical cationscavenging activity and FRAP showed the highest values in basic hydrolysis. The samples were further evaluated using HPLC to determine the individual phenolic concentrations in different hydrolytic media contributing to the antioxidant effects. This study revealed that acidic and basic hydrolysis can improve the yield, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of germinated brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Muhammad Sani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: or ; Tel.: +603-8947-2115; Fax: +603-8947-2116
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Jun HI, Song GS, Yang EI, Youn Y, Kim YS. Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Compounds of Pigmented Rice Bran Extracts. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C759-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Zubair M, Anwar F, Ashraf M, Uddin MK. Characterization of high-value bioactives in some selected varieties of Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4608-4622. [PMID: 22605998 PMCID: PMC3344234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the composition and variation of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and γ-oryzanol among selected varieties namely Basmati Super, Basmati 515, Basmati 198, Basmati 385, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370, Basmati Pak, KSK-139, KS-282 and Irri-6 of Pakistani rice (Oryza sativa L). Oil content extracted with n-hexane from different varieties of brown rice seed (unpolished rice) ranged from 1.92% to 2.72%. Total fatty acid contents among rice varieties tested varied between 18240 and 25840 mg/kg brown rice seed. The rice tested mainly contained oleic (6841-10952 mg/kg) linoleic (5453-7874 mg/kg) and palmitic acid (3613-5489 mg/kg). The amounts of total phytosterols (GC and GC-MS analysis), with main contribution from β-sitosterol (445-656 mg/kg), campesterol (116-242 mg/kg), Δ(5)-avenasterol (89-178 mg/kg) and stigmasterol (75-180 mg/kg) were established to be 739.4 to 1330.4 mg/kg rice seed. The content of α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols as analyzed by HPLC varied from 39.0-76.1, 21.6-28.1 and 6.5-16.5 mg/kg rice seed, respectively. The amounts of different γ-oryzanol components (HPLC data), identified as cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylene cycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and β-sitosteryl ferulate, were in the range of 65.5-103.6, 140.2-183.1, 29.8-45.5 and 8.6-10.4 mg/kg rice seed, respectively. Overall, the concentration of these bioactives was higher in the Basmati rice cultivars showing their functional food superiority. In conclusion, the tested varieties of Pakistani rice, especially the Basmati cultivars, can provide best ingredients for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan; E-Mail:
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan; E-Mail:
| | - Md. Kamal Uddin
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia-43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cereal bran: the next super food with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-012-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tabaraki R, Nateghi A. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from rice bran using response surface methodology. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:1279-1286. [PMID: 21612968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic technology was applied for extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants from the rice bran using ethanol as a food grade solvent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize experimental conditions for extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants. Three independent variables such as solvent percentage (%), temperature (°C) and time (min) were studied. Effect of ethanol concentration was found to be significant on all responses. Total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 2.37 to 6.35mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry sample. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. FRAP and DPPH values varied from 31.74 to 57.23μmol Fe(2+)/g of dry sample and 16.88% to 55.61% inhibition, respectively. Extraction yields ranged from 11 to 20.2%. Optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions were identified as 65-67% ethanol, 51-54°C, 40-45min. The experimental values agreed with those predicted by SRM models, thus indicating suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
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Huang SH, Ng LT. Quantification of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol contents and their distribution in some commercial rice varieties in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11150-11159. [PMID: 21942383 DOI: 10.1021/jf202884p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The eight vitamin E isomers [α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (T) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (T3)] and γ-oryzanol are known to possess diverse biological activities. This study examined the contents of these compounds and their distribution in 16 commercial rice varieties in Taiwan. Results showed that the order of vitamin E, total T, total T3, and γ-oryzanol contents was rice bran > brown rice > rice husk > polished rice. γ-T3 was the highest vitamin E isomer present in all rice samples, while β-T, β-T3, δ-T, and δ-T3 were present in trace amounts. The Japonica varieties contained a higher total T, total T3, and γ-oryzanol than the Indica varieties. They also have a higher level of α-T and α-T3 but a lower level of γ-T and γ-T3 than the Indica varieties. However, no obvious difference in total T, total T3, and γ-oryzanol content was noted between black- and red-colored rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Huang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu TJ, Chen HN, Wang HJ. Chemical Constituents, Dietary Fiber, andγ-Oryzanol in Six Commercial Varieties of Brown Rice from Taiwan. Cereal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-09-10-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jang Lu
- Associate Professor, Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University
| | - Hsiao-Ni Chen
- Graduate student and assistant professor, respectively, Department of Applied Science of Living, Chinese Culture University
| | - Huei-Ju Wang
- Graduate student and assistant professor, respectively, Department of Applied Science of Living, Chinese Culture University
- Corresponding author. 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei, Taiwan 11114, Republic of China. Phone: 886-2-28610511, ext. 31533. Fax: 886-2-28764721. E-mail:
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46
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Huang SH, Ng LT. An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol in rice. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4709-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Chen HH, Chiu TH. Phytochemicals Characterization of Solvent Extracts from Taro-Scented Japonica Rice Bran. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C656-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Sompong R, Siebenhandl-Ehn S, Linsberger-Martin G, Berghofer E. Physicochemical and antioxidative properties of red and black rice varieties from Thailand, China and Sri Lanka. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Oh SK, Kim DJ, Chun AR, Yoon MR, Kim KJ, Lee JS, Hong HC, Kim YK. Antioxidant Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanol Extracts from Milling By-products of Rice Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.4.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Kim SM, Rico CW, Lee SC, Kang MY. Modulatory Effect of Rice Bran and Phytic Acid on Glucose Metabolism in High Fat-Fed C57BL/6N Mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 47:12-7. [PMID: 20664725 PMCID: PMC2901758 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.09-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary feeding of rice bran and phytic acid on the glucose metabolism in high fat-fed C57BL/6N mice fed was investigated. The mice were given with either a high fat diet only (HF group) or a high fat diet supplemented with rice bran (HF-RB group) or phytic acid (HF-PA group) for 7 weeks. The control mice (NC group) received a normal diet. At the end of the experimental period, the HF group exhibited substantially higher blood glucose level than the NC group. However, the HF-RB and HF-PA groups showed a marked decrease in the blood glucose level relative to HF mice. Furthermore, significantly higher glucokinase (GK) activity and lower phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity were observed in HF-RB and HF-PA mice compared with that of the NC and HF ones. It was also found that the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) activity and hepatic glycogen concentration were considerably higher in HF-RB and HF-PA groups, respectively, than that of the HF mice. These findings demonstrate that both rice bran and phytic acid could reduce the risk of high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia via regulation of hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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