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Polarized light microscopy guarantees the use of autochthonous wheat in the production of flour for the Protected Geographical Indication ‘Galician Bread’. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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2
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Sezer B, Unuvar A, Boyaci IH, Köksel H. Rapid discrimination of authenticity in wheat flour and pasta samples using LIBS. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Fighting food frauds exploiting chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies: Scenario comparison between solutions in scientific literature and real approaches in place in industrial facilities. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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A novel approach for rapid discrimination of common and durum wheat flours using spectroscopic analyses combined with chemometrics. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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A Method for the Rapid Measurement of Alkylresorcinols in Flour, Bread and Related Products Based on 1H qNMR. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081025. [PMID: 32751799 PMCID: PMC7466349 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of the current work were to investigate differences among flours from traditionally preserved Greek varieties of cereals, and especially those of wheat, and in parallel, to correlate those potential differences with the presence of bioactive natural ingredients. In this context, we developed a new, fast, and simple method for the measurement of total 5-alkylresorcinols in cereals and related foods by qNMR. Several types of flour (white or whole-grain) coming from wheat, i.e., Triticum dicoccum, T. monococcum, T. aestivum, T. durum and T. turgidum, corn, barley, rye and oat from a certified producer in Greece were used either as raw materials or for the production of bread, pasta and flakes. A small portion of the flour or the corresponding product was extracted with DMSO-d6. The liquid part was directly analyzed by NMR (400 MHz). The simplicity of the NMR spectrum of the total extract and the lack of overlapping peaks permitted the development of a high throughput quantitative method for the measurement of total bioactive alkylresorcinols in less than 15 min. Grains, whole grain flours and breads from old varieties of T. dicoccum and T.monococcum showed high contents of alkylresorcinols (455–1148 mg/Kg), while the same compounds were completely absent from white flour and the corresponding bread. The term high-phenolic flour is proposed to distinguish among flour types.
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6
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De Girolamo A, Arroyo MC, Cervellieri S, Cortese M, Pascale M, Logrieco AF, Lippolis V. Detection of durum wheat pasta adulteration with common wheat by infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics: A case study. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Non-Destructive Determination of Alkylresorcinol (ARs) Content on Wheat Seed Surfaces and Prediction of ARs Content in Whole-Grain Flour. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071329. [PMID: 30987319 PMCID: PMC6479818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are beneficial for human health and can be used as biomarkers for whole-grain cereal intake. In previous studies, ARs content in whole-grain flour was determined by milling the seeds into powder, thus destroying their structure. In this paper, we adopted a non-destructive extraction approach. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extraction methods were carried out to extract lipids from the seed surface and whole-grain flour of 36 wheat varieties in China, respectively. GC-MS analysis identified chemical compounds in which ARs were the major compounds for all the samples. The average total content of ARs (624.223 µg/g) in whole grains was much higher than that on seed surfaces (4.934 µg/g), with a positive correlation (r = 0.863, p < 0.001) between these two parameters. The results suggested that the total ARs content on the seed surface can be used to predict their content in whole-grain flour. Without affecting the seed germination rate and damaging seed structure, we demonstrate that a non-destructive extraction approach is an appropriate and useful method, facilitating the development of rapid screening methods suitable for use in wheat breeding.
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Saia S, Fragasso M, De Vita P, Beleggia R. Metabolomics Provides Valuable Insight for the Study of Durum Wheat: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3069-3085. [PMID: 30829031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is increasingly being applied in various fields offering a highly informative tool for high-throughput diagnostics. However, in plant sciences, metabolomics is underused, even though plant studies are relatively easy and cheap when compared to those on humans and animals. Despite their importance for human nutrition, cereals, and especially wheat, remain understudied from a metabolomics point of view. The metabolomics of durum wheat has been essentially neglected, although its genetic structure allows the inference of common mechanisms that can be extended to other wheat and cereal species. This review covers the present achievements in durum wheat metabolomics highlighting the connections with the metabolomics of other cereal species (especially bread wheat). We discuss the metabolomics data from various studies and their relationships to other "-omics" sciences, in terms of wheat genetics, abiotic and biotic stresses, beneficial microbes, and the characterization and use of durum wheat as feed, food, and food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Saia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 11 per Torino , Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli , Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Fragasso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Romina Beleggia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
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9
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Detection of quinoa flour adulteration by means of FT-MIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods. Food Chem 2019; 274:392-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Vermeulen P, Suman M, Fernández Pierna JA, Baeten V. Discrimination between durum and common wheat kernels using near infrared hyperspectral imaging. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Miano B, Righetti L, Piro R, Dall’Asta C, Folloni S, Galaverna G, Suman M. Direct analysis real-time–high-resolution mass spectrometry for Triticum species authentication. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2291-2297. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1520398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Miano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Piro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro, Italy
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12
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Kowalska A, Soon JM, Manning L. A study on adulteration in cereals and bakery products from Poland including a review of definitions. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Righetti L, Rubert J, Galaverna G, Hurkova K, Dall'Asta C, Hajslova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M. A novel approach based on untargeted lipidomics reveals differences in the lipid pattern among durum and common wheat. Food Chem 2018; 240:775-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Hong E, Lee SY, Jeong JY, Park JM, Kim BH, Kwon K, Chun HS. Modern analytical methods for the detection of food fraud and adulteration by food category. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3877-3896. [PMID: 28397254 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides current information on the analytical methods used to identify food adulteration in the six most adulterated food categories: animal origin and seafood, oils and fats, beverages, spices and sweet foods (e.g. honey), grain-based food, and others (organic food and dietary supplements). The analytical techniques (both conventional and emerging) used to identify adulteration in these six food categories involve sensory, physicochemical, DNA-based, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, and have been combined with chemometrics, making these techniques more convenient and effective for the analysis of a broad variety of food products. Despite recent advances, the need remains for suitably sensitive and widely applicable methodologies that encompass all the various aspects of food adulteration. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Hong
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoo Lee
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jeong
- Science and Technology Management Policy, University of Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- R&D Strategy, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Science and Technology Management Policy, University of Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- R&D Strategy, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Kwon
- New Hazardous Substances Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the rapid discrimination of kernels and flours of different wheat species. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Righetti L, Rubert J, Galaverna G, Folloni S, Ranieri R, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Hajslova J, Dall'Asta C. Characterization and Discrimination of Ancient Grains: A Metabolomics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081217. [PMID: 27472322 PMCID: PMC5000615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hulled, or ancient, wheats were the earliest domesticated wheats by mankind and the ancestors of current wheats. Their cultivation drastically decreased during the 1960s; however, the increasing demand for a healthy and equilibrated diet led to rediscovering these grains. Our aim was to use a non-targeted metabolomic approach to discriminate and characterize similarities and differences between ancient Triticum varieties. For this purpose, 77 hulled wheat samples from three different varieties were collected: Garfagnana T. turgidum var. dicoccum L. (emmer), ID331 T. monococcum L. (einkorn) and Rouquin T. spelta L. (spelt). The ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) metabolomics approach highlighted a pronounced sample clustering according to the wheat variety, with an excellent predictability (Q2), for all the models built. Fifteen metabolites were tentatively identified based on accurate masses, isotopic pattern, and product ion spectra. Among these, alkylresorcinols (ARs) were found to be significantly higher in spelt and emmer, showing different homologue composition. Furthermore, phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) levels were higher in einkorn variety. The results obtained in this study confirmed the importance of ARs as markers to distinguish between Triticum species and revealed their values as cultivar markers, being not affected by the environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Folloni
- Open Fields Srl, Strada Consortile 2, Collecchio, 43044 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ranieri
- Open Fields Srl, Strada Consortile 2, Collecchio, 43044 Parma, Italy.
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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18
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Detection of adulterations with different grains in wheat products based on the hyperspectral image technique: The specific cases of flour and bread. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Ziegler JU, Steingass CB, Longin CFH, Würschum T, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Alkylresorcinol composition allows the differentiation of Triticum spp. having different degrees of ploidy. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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A method for the simultaneous extraction and quantitation of lipophilic antioxidants in Triticum sp. by HPLC-DAD/FLD-MSn. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Influence of cultivar, ripeness, blanching, drying, irradiation, and pectin recovery on alk(en)ylresorcinols in mango peels. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Russo R, Cusano E, Perissi A, Ferron F, Severino V, Parente A, Chambery A. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of durum wheat contamination or adulteration. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1239-1246. [PMID: 25476941 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (UPLC-ESI)-MS/MS methodology based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the selective and sensitive detection and quantification of durum wheat adulteration has been developed and fully validated. The targeted analysis was performed by monitoring specific transitions at m/z 543.7 > 657.4 and m/z 543.7 > 299.2 of a species-specific marker derived from a tryptic peptide of puroindoline a (Pin-a), a cysteine-rich protein selectively present only in common wheat. In addition, two transitions at m/z 500.4 > 725.4 and m/z 500.4 > 561.9 of a reference peptide belonging to purothionin A-1, present in both species, were also monitored. The calibration curves obtained on binary mixtures with known percentages of common/durum wheat flours showed linearity (coefficient of regression, r ≥ 0.99) over concentrations that ranged between 80 and 1%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Pin-a marker in wheat flours were 0.01 and 0.03%, respectively. The identified Pin-a marker was also found to be highly diagnostic for the quantification of common wheat in raw materials (kernels) and processed products (pasta), thus offering new opportunities to assess food authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italia
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23
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Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of alk(en)ylresorcinols using rapid ultrasound-assisted extraction of mango peels and rye grains. Food Chem 2014; 169:261-9. [PMID: 25236225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive extraction of alk(en)ylresorcinols (ARs) from biological matrices is a prerequisite for economic screening of extensive plant collections including their rapid quantitation. For this purpose, an ultrasound-assisted extraction protocol was developed to facilitate the liberation of ARs from mango peels (Mangifera indica L.) and rye grains (Secale cereale L.). While maintaining or even improving the extraction efficiency of the analytes, the duration of analytical extraction was shortened from more than 1h to only 45s as compared to previous methods. In addition, sample weight and solvent use were significantly reduced. Besides the validation of the extraction procedure, validation parameters for the HPLC-DAD-MS(n) based characterisation and quantitation method are provided. In particular, fully satisfactory recovery rates and quantitation limits were achieved, and coefficients of variation (CV) for repeatability and reproducibility were ⩽8 and <5%, respectively. Moreover, a high compound stability was shown for all ARs during storage in methanolic solution at room temperature for 48h and at -80°C for up to 13months. The developed method was exemplified using two mango and three rye cultivars, and the results were compared to previously published data.
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Tyl CE, Bunzel M. Activity-Guided Fractionation to Identify Blue Wheat (UC66049Triticum aestivumL.) Constituents Capable of Inhibiting In Vitro Starch Digestion. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-07-13-0138-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin E. Tyl
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Corresponding author. Phone: +49-721-608-42936. E-mail:
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25
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Rebolleda S, Beltrán S, Sanz MT, González-SanJosé ML. Supercritical fluid extraction of wheat bran oil: Study of extraction yield and oil quality. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebolleda
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - Sagrario Beltrán
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - María Teresa Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
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Adamski NM, Bush MS, Simmonds J, Turner AS, Mugford SG, Jones A, Findlay K, Pedentchouk N, von Wettstein-Knowles P, Uauy C. The inhibitor of wax 1 locus (Iw1) prevents formation of β- and OH-β-diketones in wheat cuticular waxes and maps to a sub-cM interval on chromosome arm 2BS. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:989-1002. [PMID: 23551421 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glaucousness is described as the scattering effect of visible light from wax deposited on the cuticle of plant aerial organs. In wheat, two dominant genes lead to non-glaucous phenotypes: Inhibitor of wax 1 (Iw1) and Iw2. The molecular mechanisms and the exact extent (beyond visual assessment) by which these genes affect the composition and quantity of cuticular wax is unclear. To describe the Iw1 locus we used a genetic approach with detailed biochemical characterization of wax compounds. Using synteny and a large number of F2 gametes, Iw1 was fine-mapped to a sub-cM genetic interval on wheat chromosome arm 2BS, which includes a single collinear gene from the corresponding Brachypodium and rice physical maps. The major components of flag leaf and peduncle cuticular waxes included primary alcohols, β-diketones and n-alkanes. Small amounts of C19-C27 alkyl and methylalkylresorcinols that have not previously been described in wheat waxes were identified. Using six pairs of BC2 F3 near-isogenic lines, we show that Iw1 inhibits the formation of β- and hydroxy-β-diketones in the peduncle and flag leaf blade cuticles. This inhibitory effect is independent of genetic background or tissue, and is accompanied by minor but consistent increases in n-alkanes and C24 primary alcohols. No differences were found in cuticle thickness and carbon isotope discrimination in near-isogenic lines differing at Iw1.
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27
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Content and relative composition of some phytochemicals in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Triticum species with potential nutraceutical properties. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Casazza AP, Morcia C, Ponzoni E, Gavazzi F, Benedettelli S, Breviario D. A reliable assay for the detection of soft wheat adulteration in Italian pasta is based on the use of new DNA molecular markers capable of discriminating between Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Common wheat determination in durum wheat samples through LC/MS analysis of gluten peptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2909-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Tyl CE, Bunzel M. Antioxidant activity-guided fractionation of blue wheat (UC66049 Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:731-739. [PMID: 22225003 DOI: 10.1021/jf203648x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity-guided fractionation based on three in vitro antioxidant assays (Folin-Ciocalteu, TEAC, and leucomethylene blue assays) was used to identify major antioxidants in blue wheat (UC66049 Triticum aestivum L.). After consecutive extractions with solvents of various polarities and multiple chromatographic fractionations, several potent antioxidants were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-rutinoside), tryptophan, and a novel phenolic trisaccharide (β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside) were the most active water-extractable constituents. However, anthocyanins were found to be major contributors to the overall blue wheat antioxidant activity only when the extraction steps were performed under acidic conditions. Alkylresorcinols were among the most active antioxidants extractable with 80% ethanol in the TEAC assay. However, this may be due to a color change instead of a bleaching of the ABTS radical. Ferulic acid was found to be the major antioxidant in alkaline cell-wall hydrolysates. The contents of the most active antioxidants were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin E Tyl
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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Andersson AAM, Kamal-Eldin A, Aman P. Effects of environment and variety on alkylresorcinols in wheat in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9299-305. [PMID: 20380379 DOI: 10.1021/jf904526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (AR), phenolic lipids found in high amounts in whole grain wheat and rye, can be used as biomarkers for these cereals. The content (on a dry matter basis) and homologue composition of AR were determined in 26 wheat varieties grown in Hungary in 2005-2007, as well as in the United Kingdom, France, and Poland in 2007. There was a significant effect of year, location, and variety on both total AR and individual AR homologue content (p<0.001). A warm and dry climate generally resulted in higher AR contents, whereas high precipitation especially during plant development and grain-filling resulted in lower contents. There was a significant negative correlation between AR content and thousand-kernel weight (p<0.001), which may be explained by the warm and dry climate giving smaller kernels with higher AR content. The difference between varieties was generally consistent, with highest and lowest AR contents for the same varieties during different years and at different locations (p<0.001). Total AR content was correlated with the relative proportions of the different homologues, with a relatively lower concentration of homologues C17:0 and C19:0 and a lower C17:0/C12:0 ratio at higher overall contents. The results show that AR content is a highly heritable phytochemical component but that it is also affected by the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica A M Andersson
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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