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Simon A, Barradas NP, Jeynes C, Romolo FS. Addressing forensic science challenges with nuclear analytical techniques - A review. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 358:111767. [PMID: 37385904 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We review the application of Nuclear Analytical Techniques (NATs) to forensic problems for the first time. NATs include neutron activation analysis (NAA), carried out in nuclear reactors for elemental analysis; accelerator-based techniques, mainly Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for elemental and molecular analysis; and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) for dating of traces of forensic interest by "radiocarbon dating" and other related methods. Applications include analysis of drugs of abuse, food fraud, counterfeit medicine, gunshot residue, glass fragments, forgery of art objects and documents, and human material. In some applications only the NATs are able to provide relevant information for forensic purposes. This review not only includes a wide collection of forensic applications, but also illustrates the wide availability worldwide of NATs, opening up opportunities for an increased use of NATs in routine forensic casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Simon
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - C Jeynes
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, Guildford, England, UK
| | - F S Romolo
- Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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Changes in Volatile Compounds during Grape Brandy Production from ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Syrah’ Grape Varieties. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape-based brandies are one of the most popular alcoholic beverages in the world. The most popular one, Cognac, comes from the Charentes region of Southwest France, and it is mostly produced from the grape variety ‘Ugni Blanc’. However, wines destined for the elaboration of wine spirits also come from different white grape varieties; ‘Colombard’, ‘Folle Blanche’, ‘Montils’, and ‘Semillon’. In this study, the possibility of using the red grape varieties ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Syrah’ was investigated with an emphasis on the change of volatile compounds during the production process. During production, some specific volatile compounds such as 2-hexenal, 3-octanone, isopropyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, phenethyl acetate, 1-hexanol, and β-damascenone could be attributed to the primary aroma generated from the grape varieties. During the vinification and fermentation process, the development of ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, 3-methylbutanol, acetic acid, and octanoic acid occurred. Finally, 3-methylbutanol and predominant esters, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, and ethyl laurate, were generated during the distillation and maturation process. The composition and concentration of determined predominant esters in produced brandies suggest that both brandies have volatile profiles comparable to some of the world’s most popular brandies.
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The Potentialities of Accelerator-Based Techniques as an analytical Tool for Forensics: the case of Coffee. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 335:111281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Debastiani R, Iochims dos Santos CE, Ferraz Dias J. Elemental characterization of sparkling wine and cork stoppers. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:670-678. [PMID: 34632409 PMCID: PMC8488460 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The variations of the elemental concentrations in sparkling white wine and respective cork stoppers throughout 18 months of storage time were determined with the PIXE (Particle-Induced X-ray Emission) technique. Three portions of the cork stoppers were analyzed: the top part (external layer), the inner part (bulk layer) and the bottom layer (which was in contact with the sparkling wine). Elements such as Na, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Rb were determined for both cork stoppers and sparkling wine samples. Similar concentrations of Si, P, S, Cl and Ca were found in the external and bottom layers of the corks. Distinct behaviors of the changes in the elemental concentrations as a function of the time were observed for cork stoppers and sparkling wines. The concentrations of Mg, S, K, Ca, Cu, Sr and Ba increased in the bottom layer of the cork as a function of storage time. On the other hand, concentrations of Al, Si, Cl, Ti, Zn and Br proved to be invariant, while the concentrations of P and Fe showed a slight decrease. Concerning the sparkling wine, an increasing trend of elemental concentrations was observed for most elements throughout the storage time. A diffusion mechanism of elements in the cork and the role of the secondary fermentation in the bottle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Debastiani
- Corresponding author. Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | | | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Taiwo AM, Aigbodion CO, Ojekunle OZ, Akinhanmi TF. Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Selected Drinks from Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:694-707. [PMID: 31953599 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the human health risk of metals in selected drinks from Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria. Fifteen different brands of drinks (alcoholic, non-alcoholic, herbal and non-herbal) were purchased from notable markets in Abeokuta between June and August, 2018. A total of sixty drink samples were analysed for metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Human health risks were assessed for cancer risk (CR) and non-carcinogenic indices of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). Results showed acidic medium for most of the samples ranging from 3.12 ± 0.29 to 6.14 ± 0.17. The highest concentrations of Fe (5.53 ± 2.81 mg/L) and Mn (6.63 ± 8.33 mg/L) were found in Kunnu and Zobo, respectively. The HQ and HI values of Cu in bottled water indicated non-carcinogenic adverse effects, while the CR of Co in bottled water and bitters demonstrated carcinogenic effects. Regular monitoring of metals in drinks from the study area is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Matthew Taiwo
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria.
| | - Cynthia Odion Aigbodion
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Zacchaeus Ojekunle
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria
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Dos Santos CE, Debastiani R, Souza VS, Peretti DE, Jobim PF, Yoneama ML, Amaral L, Dias JF. The influence of the winemaking process on the elemental composition of the Marselan red wine. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4642-4650. [PMID: 30895630 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elemental profile of the Marselan wine cycle was studied with a single ion-beam technique, namely particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Samples were collected from all of the major stages involved in the wine cycle, including soil, vine plant, grape, and different stages of wine processing. RESULTS The results show the influence of field practices on the elemental composition of leaves, branches, grapes, and soil. Mechanisms of element precipitation and elimination from the wine were identified through the changes in the elemental concentrations measured during the post-harvesting processes. The concentrations of some elements, such as Al, Si, K, and Ni, did not vary for grapes collected at different maturation stages. On the other hand, changes in the concentrations of Si, Cl, Ca, Cu, and K were observed right after the maceration and pressing processes in young wine. Finally, the reduction in the Cu concentration during the last stages of the wine cycle is related to its precipitation in the storage tanks. CONCLUSIONS It was found that field practices and winemaking processes played distinct roles in the elemental composition of grapes and wine from different preparation stages. Moreover, PIXE proved to be a suitable analytical tool for the analysis of the whole wine cycle because it handles solid and liquid samples in a clean and straightforward manner. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ei Dos Santos
- Physics, Statistics and Mathematics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande, Santo Antonio da Patrulha, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Debastiani
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Souza
- Physics, Statistics and Mathematics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande, Santo Antonio da Patrulha, Brazil
| | - Débora E Peretti
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fc Jobim
- Department of Basic Sciences, Laboratory of Morphology and Physiology, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria L Yoneama
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Livio Amaral
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Debastiani R, Iochims Dos Santos CE, Maciel Ramos M, Sobrosa Souza V, Amaral L, Yoneama ML, Ferraz Dias J. Elemental analysis of Brazilian coffee with ion beam techniques: From ground coffee to the final beverage. Food Res Int 2019; 119:297-304. [PMID: 30884660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian coffee is well known worldwide due to its quality and richness in taste. The aim of the present study is to provide the elemental characterization of Brazilian coffee along different stages of the drip brewing process. To that end, samples from roasted ground coffee, spent coffee, paper filters and the final beverage were analyzed with one single ion beam technique, namely particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). In total, over 140 samples from 8 different Brazilian brands of ground coffee were analyzed. Large differences in some elemental concentrations were observed among different brands and among different batches of a single brand, which leads to high variances in the data. Concerning the beverage preparation, the analysis of the spent coffee shows that the transfer ratio from the ground coffee to the beverage differs for each element. Our results indicate that potassium and chlorine have the highest transfer ratio. Moreover, the concentration of rubidium is relatively high in drinking coffee. Finally, there is no influence of the elemental composition of paper filter in the preparation of drinking coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Debastiani
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla Eliete Iochims Dos Santos
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Campus Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Rua Barão do Caí 2274, CEP 95500-000 Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus Maciel Ramos
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sobrosa Souza
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Livio Amaral
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lucia Yoneama
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Benedetti D, Lopes Alderete B, de Souza CT, Ferraz Dias J, Niekraszewicz L, Cappetta M, Martínez-López W, Da Silva J. DNA damage and epigenetic alteration in soybean farmers exposed to complex mixture of pesticides. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:87-95. [PMID: 29244183 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides can trigger genotoxic and mutagenic processes through different pathways. However, epidemiological studies are scarce, and further work is needed to find biomarkers sensitive to the health of exposed populations. Considering that there are few evaluations of soybean farmers, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of human exposure to complex mixtures of pesticides. The alkaline comet assay modified with restriction enzyme (hOGG1: human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase) was used to detect oxidised guanine, and compared with the buccal micronucleus cytome assay, global methylation, haematological parameters, biochemical analyses (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase and butyrylcholinesterase), and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for the analysis of inorganic elements. Farm workers (n = 137) exposed to different types of pesticides were compared with a non-exposed reference group (control; n = 83). Results of the enzyme-modified comet assay suggest oxidation of guanine in DNA generated by pesticides exposure. It was observed that DNA damage (comet assay and micronucleus test) was significantly increased in exposed individuals compared to the unexposed group. The micronucleus test demonstrated elimination of nuclear material by budding, defective cytokinesis and dead cells. Occupationally exposed individuals also showed genomic hypermethylation of DNA, which correlated with micronucleus frequency. No differences were detected regarding the haematological and biochemical parameters. Finally, significantly higher concentrations of Al and P were observed in the urine of the soybean farmers. DNA damage could be a consequence of the ability of the complex mixture, including Al and P, to cause oxidative damage. These data indicate that persistent genetic instability associated with hypermethylation of DNA in soybean workers after long-term exposure to a low-level to pesticides mixtures may be critical for the development of adverse health effects such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Benedetti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, Prédio, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Lopes Alderete
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, Prédio, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Oleochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana Niekraszewicz
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mónica Cappetta
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Genetics Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Chromosome Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Jobim PFC, Dos Santos CEI, Jeromel L, Pellicon P, Amaral L, Dias JF. Changes in the element concentration of the dorsal hippocampus CA1 region during memory consolidation and reconsolidation. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 90:49-56. [PMID: 29248756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The concentration and distribution of Mg, P, Cl, K, Cu and Zn in the dorsal hippocampus CA1 region of rat brains were studied during memory consolidation and reconsolidation processes stimulated with inhibitory avoidance (IA) tests. Experimental rats were divided into four groups: i) group not submitted to inhibitory avoidance task (IA-N); ii) group submitted to inhibitory avoidance training session (IA-Y); iii) group submitted to inhibitory avoidance reactivation session but did not step down from the platform (IAR-N); and iv) group submitted to avoidance reactivation session and stepped down from the platform (IAR-Y). Elemental concentration and distribution in the CA1 hippocampus region were obtained through the Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The results indicate that the concentration of Mg, P, Cl, K and Cu increased during memory consolidation. During the memory reconsolidation process, the concentrations of Mg, P, Cl and K increased, while Cu and Zn had no significant changes with respect to their basal condition. These results show that the major part of these elements may be engaged in memory consolidation could be also participating in memory reconsolidation. For all elements, the general trend related to their concentration did not change during reconsolidation regardless the presence of a novelty event, i.e. stepping down from the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Fernandes Costa Jobim
- Physiology Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla Eliete Iochims Dos Santos
- Institute of Physics, Statistics and Mathematics, Federal University of Rio Grande, CEP 95500-000, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luka Jeromel
- Department for Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Primoz Pellicon
- Department for Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Livio Amaral
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Płotka-Wasylka J, Rutkowska M, Cieślik B, Tyburcy A, Namieśnik J. Determination of Selected Metals in Fruit Wines by Spectroscopic Techniques. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:5283917. [PMID: 29225993 PMCID: PMC5684612 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5283917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of metals in different types of food and beverages samples has drawn significant attention due to several reasons with the most important one being the nutritional and toxic effects of these elements or their compounds. The knowledge of certain elements content in wines/fruit wines is of special interest due to their toxicity in case of excessive intake and also the effect they seem to have on the organoleptic properties of wine. RESULTS The study was focused on measuring the concentration levels of trace metals in fruit wines. Analysis of K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cd, Mg, Pb, Sn, and Hg in so-called homemade fruit wine was carried out by AES, AAS, CV-AAS, and GF-AAS techniques. The calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range for all tested analytes (with coefficient of determination in the range from 0.989 to 0.999). The low values of the limit of detection (from 0.0031 μg/L to 0.47 mg/L) and the limit of quantification (from 0.009 μg/L to 1.41 mg/L) were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The allowed levels of metal in fruit wines are prescribed by the International Office for Grapes and Wines (OIV). The data obtained from the study area for all metals did not exceed the international limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Cieślik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alan Tyburcy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hilario Garcia AL, Matzenbacher CA, Santos MS, Prado L, Picada JN, Premoli SM, Corrêa DS, Niekraszewicz L, Dias JF, Grivicich I, da Silva J. Genotoxicity induced by water and sediment samples from a river under the influence of brewery effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:239-248. [PMID: 27880922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Brewery effluents contain complex mixtures that are discharged into rivers. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the genotoxic potential of these effluents. The study evaluated the genotoxicity of surface water and sediment samples from the Jacuí River in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which received effluents discharged from a brewery. The Salmonella/microsome test, Comet Assay and Micronucleus test on V79 cells, as well as the element profile (PIXE) and PAHs levels were used for this purpose. The surface water and sediment samples were collected in summer at three sites: 1 km upstream from the brewery discharge site (Site A); in front of the effluent discharge site, after chemical and biological treatment (Site B); about 1 km downstream from the discharge site (Site C). Only a sediment sample from Site A induced a mutagenic effect using the Salmonella/microsoma test (TA97a). All three sites presented genotoxicity (A, B and C), both for water and sediments using comet assay, and mutagenicity in the samples from Site B (surface water) and Site A and Site C (sediments) using the micronuclei tests. The results of PIXE and PAHs showed higher levels of elements for samples obtained from sites upstream and downstream from the effluent discharge. Environmental samples consist of complex mixtures of chemicals, and it is difficult to associate DNA damage with a specific element. This study showed that brewery effluent contains metals and PAHs that can induce in vitro genotoxicity under the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Araujo Matzenbacher
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcela Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lismare Prado
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Suziane M Premoli
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) - Chemistry Course, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dione S Corrêa
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) - Chemistry Course, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana Niekraszewicz
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Soares Neto JL, de Carli RF, Kotzal QSG, Latroni FB, Lehmann M, Dias JF, de Souza CT, Niekraszewicz LAB, da Silva FR, da Silva J, Dihl RR. Surface Water Impacted by Rural Activities Induces Genetic Toxicity Related to Recombinagenic Events in Vivo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E827. [PMID: 27537904 PMCID: PMC4997513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This investigation assessed the interaction of surface water samples with DNA to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize their mutagenic and/or recombinagenic activity. Samples were obtained at three different sites along the Tocantins River (Tocantins State, Brazil). The area has withstood the impact mainly of rural activities, which release different chemical compounds in the environment. The Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) was performed in standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses. SMART is useful for the detection of mutational and recombinational events induced by genotoxins of direct and indirect action. Results demonstrated that samples collected in both seasons were able to induce increments on the mutant spot frequencies in the larvae of the HB cross. Genotoxicity was related to a massive recombinagenic activity. The positive responses ascribed to only the HB cross means that it is linked to pro-genotoxins requiring metabolic activation. The SMART wing test in Drosophila melanogaster was shown to be highly sensitive to detect genotoxic agents present in the aquatic environment impacted by agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lopes Soares Neto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Raíne Fogliati de Carli
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Queila Susana Gambim Kotzal
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Francine Bolico Latroni
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
- UniLaSalle, Canoas 92010-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil.
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Effect of dehydration process on mineral content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Boufleur LA, dos Santos CEI, Debastiani R, Yoneama ML, Amaral L, Dias JF. Elemental characterization of Brazilian canned tuna fish using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Benedetti D, Nunes E, Sarmento M, Porto C, Dos Santos CEI, Dias JF, da Silva J. Genetic damage in soybean workers exposed to pesticides: evaluation with the comet and buccal micronucleus cytome assays. Mutat Res 2013; 752:28-33. [PMID: 23347873 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean cultivation is widespread in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil), especially in the city of Espumoso. Soybean workers in this region are increasingly exposed to a wide combination of chemical agents present in formulations of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. In the present study, the comet assay in peripheral leukocytes and the buccal micronucleus (MN) cytome assay (BMCyt) in exfoliated buccal cells were used to assess the effects of exposures to pesticides in soybean farm workers from Espumoso. A total of 127 individuals, 81 exposed and 46 non-exposed controls, were evaluated. Comet assay and BMCyt (micronuclei and nuclear buds) data revealed DNA damage in soybean workers. Cell death was also observed (condensed chromatin, karyorhectic, and karyolitic cells). Inhibition of non-specific choline esterase (BchE) was not observed in the workers. The trace element contents of buccal samples were analyzed by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Higher concentrations of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, and Cl were observed in cells from workers. No associations with use of personal protective equipment, gender, or mode of application of pesticides were observed. Our findings indicate the advisability of monitoring genetic toxicity in soybean farm workers exposed to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Benedetti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaude), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas-RS, Brazil
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Rohr P, da Silva J, da Silva FR, Sarmento M, Porto C, Debastiani R, Dos Santos CEI, Dias JF, Kvitko K. Evaluation of genetic damage in open-cast coal mine workers using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:65-71. [PMID: 23055270 DOI: 10.1002/em.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coal is the largest fossil fuel source used for the generation of energy. However, coal extraction and its use constitute important pollution factors; thus, risk characterization and estimation are extremely important for the safety of coal workers and the environment. Candiota is located to the southeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and has the largest coal reserves in Brazil, and the largest thermal power complex in the state. In the open-cast mines, the coal miners are constantly exposed to coal dust. The human buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has been used widely to investigate biomarkers for DNA damage, cell death, and basal cell frequency in buccal cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether prolonged exposure to coal dust could lead to an increase in genomic instability, cell death, and frequency of basal cells using the BMCyt assay. In the analysis of epithelial cells, the exposed group (n = 41) presented with a significantly higher frequency of basal cells, micronuclei in basal and differentiated cells, and binucleated cells compared to the non-exposed group (n = 29). The exposed group showed a significantly lower frequency of condensed chromatin cells than the non-exposed group. However, we found no correlation between DNA damage and metal concentration in the blood of mine workers. DNA damage observed in the mine workers may be a consequence of oxidative damage resulting from exposure to coal residue mixtures. In addition, our findings confirm that the BMCyt assay can be used to identify occupational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rohr
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Drivelos SA, Georgiou CA. Multi-element and multi-isotope-ratio analysis to determine the geographical origin of foods in the European Union. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
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