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Assessment of Protein Nutritional Quality of Novel Hairless Canary Seed in Comparison to Wheat and Oat Using In Vitro Static Digestion Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061347. [PMID: 36986077 PMCID: PMC10056580 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hairless canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) is a novel true cereal that is now approved for human consumption in Canada and the United States. This true cereal grain has higher protein content (22%) than oat (13%) and wheat (16%) and represents a valuable source of plant proteins. Assessment of canary seed protein quality is therefore essential to evaluate its digestibility and ability to provide sufficient amounts of essential amino acids for human requirements. In this study, the protein nutritional quality of four hairless canary seed varieties (two brown and two yellow) were evaluated in comparison to oat and wheat. The assessment of anti-nutrients contents (phytate, trypsin inhibitor activity, and polyphenols) showed that brown canary seed varieties had the highest content in phytate and oat the highest in polyphenols. Trypsin inhibitor level was comparable among studied cereals, but slightly higher in the brown canary seed Calvi variety. In regard to protein quality, canary seed had a well-balanced amino acid profile and was particularly high in tryptophan, an essential amino acid normally lacking in cereals. The in vitro protein digestibility of canary seeds as determined by both the pH-drop and INFOGEST (international network of excellence on the fate of food in the gastrointestinal tract) protocols appears slightly lower than wheat and higher than oat. The yellow canary seed varieties showed better overall digestibility than the brown ones. For all studied cereal flours, the limiting amino acid was lysine. The calculated in vitro PDCAAS (protein digestibility corrected amino acid score) and DIAAS (digestible indispensable amino acid score) were higher for the yellow C05041 cultivar than the brown Bastia, similar to those of wheat, but lower than those of oat proteins. This study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of in vitro human digestion models for the assessment of protein quality for comparison purpose.
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Abdel-Aal ESM, Rabalski I. Changes in Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Properties during Baking of Bread and Muffin Made from Blends of Hairless Canary Seed, Wheat, and Corn. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061059. [PMID: 35739956 PMCID: PMC9220130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids are the major polyphenols in cereal grains and they undergo changes in their composition and structure during processing. This study investigated changes in phenolic acids and antioxidant properties during baking of bread and muffin made from hairless canary seed (HCS), Phalaris canariensis L., alone or in blends with corn and wheat. The changes were monitored after dry mixing, dough/batter formation, and oven baking. Phenolic acids were quantified in products using HPLC and antioxidant activity was based on DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays. Eight phenolic acids were primarily present in the bound fraction extracts, while only a few phenolic acids were detected in the free or unbound fraction extracts. Ferulic was the dominant phenolic acid in wheat, corn, and HCS followed by p-coumaric acid but the latter was extremely high in HCS compared to wheat and corn. After baking, bound phenolic acids decreased in breads and muffins, while the unbound phenolic acids increased. Dough preparation resulted in about 5–13% reductions in bound ferulic acid in addition to 2–9% after oven baking with a total reduction of about 10–20% subject to bread formulation. On the contrary unbound ferulic acid increased by 48–307% after dough preparation and 138–225% after oven baking with a total increase 273–495%. Similarly, muffin-making process resulted in 26–30% reductions in bound ferulic acid after batter preparation and 4–7% after oven baking with reductions of 34–37% in muffins, while the unbound ferulic acid increased by about 35–105% and 9–29%, respectively, with a total increase 47–116%. The baking process resulted in improved DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC antioxidant activities in breads and muffins despite the initial reductions after dough preparation. In general, baking process resulted in tangible increases in unbound phenolic acids which eventually could improve their bioavailability and bioactivity.
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Perera SP, Konieczny D, Ding K, Hucl P, L'Hocine L, Nickerson MT. Techno‐functional and nutritional properties of full‐bran and low‐bran canaryseed flour, and the effect of solvent‐de‐oiling on the proteins of low‐bran flour and isolates. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneru P. Perera
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Keyleaf Life‐Sciences Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Dellaney Konieczny
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Pierre Hucl
- Crop Development Centre University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - Michael T. Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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Mir RA, Nazir M, Naik S, Mukhtar S, Ganai BA, Zargar SM. Utilizing the underutilized plant resources for development of life style foods: Putting nutrigenomics to use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:128-138. [PMID: 34998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient amount of minerals, vitamins, and proteins in human diet play indispensable role in maintaining the active metabolism for better human health. All the essential nutrients that are requisite for an individual's survival are acquired from plants as well as animals. Micronutrients and macronutrients directly influence the metabolic pathways and their deficiencies play a substantial role in development of manifold disorders. In addition to environmental factors, quality and quantity of foods are key factors in maintaining the human health. Transition from healthy to diseased state is concurrent with the pattern of gene expression that is largely influenced by nutrition and environment. A combined approach to study the influence of nutrition on expression of numerous genes can be well explored through nutrigenomic studies. Nutrigenomics includes studies wherein applied genomics is used to investigate nutritional science to understand the compartmentalization of genes that influence the cause of diet-related complications. This review describes the role of underutilized crops as frontline foods to circumvent the health complications through the nutrigenomic studies. Further dynamics of nutrigenomic tools to study the impact of nutrition on the changing pattern of genome stability and gene expression for developing precise safety measures against wide range of health ailments linked to metabolic networks. Additionally, this review provides detailed information on nutrigenomic studies undertaken to unravel the potential of underutilized crops to augment the human health and to carry the agronomic/genomic approaches to enhance nutritional profile of underutilized crops to overcome diet-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185131, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Samiullah Naik
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shazia Mukhtar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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Abdel-Aal ESM. Nutritional and functional attributes of hairless canary seed groats and components and their potential as functional ingredients. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mason E, L’Hocine L, Achouri A, Pitre M, Karboune S. Health Promoting Bioactive Properties of Novel Hairless Canary Seed Flour after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Foods 2020; 9:E932. [PMID: 32674503 PMCID: PMC7404810 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive properties and health-promoting effects of two novel yellow (C09052, C05041) and two brown (Calvi, Bastia) hairless canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) cultivars were investigated in comparison to two common cereal grains (wheat and oat). The cereal flours were digested using the standardized INFOGEST in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion model. The three-kilo dalton molecular weight cutoff (3 kDa MWCO) permeate of the generated digestates was assessed in vitro for their antioxidant, chelating, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities. The results showed no significant differences in studied bioactivities between yellow and brown canary seed cultivars, except for antioxidant activity by the DPPH and chelating Fe2+ assays, where brown cultivars had higher activities. Canary seeds had superior or equivalent antioxidant activity than those from oat and wheat. The anti-hypertensive activity (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition) in yellow canary seed cultivars was significantly higher than that of oat and wheat, particularly for C09052 and Calvi varieties. Peptides exhibiting the highest antihypertensive activity from the permeate of the C09052 canary seed variety were further fractionated and identified by mass spectrometry. Forty-six peptides were identified belonging to 18 proteins from the Pooideae subfamily. Fourteen of the parent proteins were homologous to barley proteins. Peptides were analyzed in silico to determine potential bioactivity based on their amino acid composition. All 46 peptides had potential anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic activities and 20 had potential antioxidant activity, thereby validating the in vitro assay data. Canary seed peptides also exhibited potential antiamnestic, antithrombotic, immunostimulating, opioid and neuro-activity, demonstrating important potential for health promoting effects, particularly against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mason
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (E.M.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21, 111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
| | - Lamia L’Hocine
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (E.M.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (E.M.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Mélanie Pitre
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (E.M.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21, 111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
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Bekkering CS, Tian L. Thinking Outside of the Cereal Box: Breeding Underutilized (Pseudo)Cereals for Improved Human Nutrition. Front Genet 2019; 10:1289. [PMID: 31921317 PMCID: PMC6933008 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains have historically played a critical role in sustaining the caloric needs of the human population. The major cereal crops, wheat, rice, and maize, are widely cultivated and have been subjected to biofortification to enhance the vitamin and mineral nutrient content of grains. In contrast, grains of several other cereals as well as non-grass pseudocereals are naturally rich in micronutrients, but have yet to be explored for broad-scale cultivation and consumption. This mini review focuses on the micronutrient and phytochemical profiles of a few emerging (pseudo)cereals and examines the current constraints of their integration into the global food system. Prospects of leveraging whole genome sequence information and modern breeding technologies to promote the breeding and accessibility of these crops are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Mason E, L'Hocine L, Achouri A, Karboune S. Hairless Canaryseed: A Novel Cereal with Health Promoting Potential. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1327. [PMID: 30235793 PMCID: PMC6164689 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glabrous canaryseeds were recently approved for human consumption as a novel cereal grain in Canada and the United States. Previously, canaryseeds were exclusively used as birdseed due to the presence of carcinogenic silica fibers; therefore the nutritional value of the seeds has been seriously overlooked. Two cultivars of glabrous canaryseeds (yellow and brown) were created from the hairy varieties. They are high in protein compared to other cereal grains, and contain high amounts of tryptophan, an amino acid normally lacking in cereals, and are gluten-free. Bioactive peptides of canaryseeds produced by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activity. The seeds contain other constituents with health promoting effects, including unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and phytochemicals. Anti-nutritional components in the seeds are comparable to other cereal grains. Because of their beneficial health effects, canaryseeds should be regarded as a healthy food and have immense potential as a functional food and ingredient. Further research is required to determine additional bioactive peptide activity and capacity, as well as differences between the yellow and brown cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mason
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21, 111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21, 111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Sirisena S, Zabaras D, Ng K, Ajlouni S. Characterization of Date (Deglet Nour) Seed Free and Bound Polyphenols by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Food Sci 2017; 82:333-340. [PMID: 28098940 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Date (Pheonix dactylifera L.) seeds are a valuable and abundant by-product with various potential food applications. Free polyphenols (FPPs) and bound polyphenols (BPPs) of date seeds from Deglet Nour variety grown in Australia were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The FPP fraction contained the following main phenolic compounds per gram of date seed powder; procyanidin B1 (499.8 ± 7.8 μg), procyanidin B2 (288.6 ± 6.1 μg), catechin (167.6 ± 2.1 μg), epicatechin (39.44 ± 0.39 μg), and protocatechuic acid (1.77 ± 0.22 μg). Additionally, one of the 2 A-type dimers was confirmed as procyanidin A2 (24.05 ± 0.12 μg/g). A-type dimers have not been reported before in date seeds. The BPP fraction contained epicatechin (52.59 ± 0.76 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (294.2 ± 3.7 μg/g), while several peaks exhibiting ESI- m/z of 153 indicated dihydroxybenzoic acid isomers including protocatechuic acid (2.138 ± 0.025 μg/g). These findings contributed to our knowledge of date seed phytochemicals and understanding of their contribution to the reported bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Sirisena
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Ken Ng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Said Ajlouni
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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10
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Changes of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) during germination. Food Chem 2016; 194:608-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Duan L, Guo L, Dou LL, Yu KY, Liu EH, Li P. Comparison of chemical profiling and antioxidant activities of fruits, leaves, branches, and flowers of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa'. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11122-11129. [PMID: 25335649 DOI: 10.1021/jf5036355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' (CGT) is particularly cultivated in China and widely used in health foods. In this study, the chemical profiles of different parts of CGT were comprehensively compared by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. A total of 22 compounds were identified and two C-glucosyl flavones were found for the first time in CGT. Four main constituents (rhiofolin, naringin, meranzin hydrate, and isoimperatorin) in different parts of CGT were simultaneously determined. Overall, the contents of the four main compounds decreased with the ripening process. In parallel, the antioxidant activities of their extracts were also evaluated by three assays (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power), and the results indicated a similar tendency: small fruit > flower ∼ medium fruit > large fruit > leaf ∼ branch. The results obtained in the present work may provide useful information for future utilization of CGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210038, People's Republic of China
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12
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Arceusz A, Wesolowski M, Konieczynski P. Methods for Extraction and Determination of Phenolic Acids in Medicinal Plants: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids constitute a group of potentially immunostimulating compounds. They occur in all medicinal plants and are widely used in phytotherapy and foods of plant origin. In recent years, phenolic acids have attracted much interest owing to their biological functions. This paper reviews the extraction and determination methods of phenolic acids in medicinal plants over the last 10 years. Although Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) are commonly used for the extraction of phenolic acids from plant materials, alternative techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) can also be used. After extraction, phenolic acids are determined usually by liquid chromatography (LC) owing to the recent developments in this technique, especially when it is coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Also detection systems are discussed, including UV-Vis, diode array, electrochemical and fluorimetric. Other popular techniques for the analysis of this group of secondary metabolites are gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arceusz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pawel Konieczynski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
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Magnuson BA, Patterson CA, Hucl P, Newkirk RW, Ram JI, Classen HL. Safety assessment of consumption of glabrous canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:91-103. [PMID: 24200856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Canary seed is a nutrient-rich cereal grain; however, it has not been used in human food in part due to concerns regarding safety of consumption. Glabrous or hairless canary seed has potential human food use as trichomes are absent. The objective of the oral feeding studies reported here was to assess the safety of yellow and brown glabrous canary seed cultivars as human cereal foods. The first study was a 90-day rat oral toxicity study, which compared the effects of diets containing 50% of either brown dehulled glabrous, brown hulled glabrous, or brown hulled pubescent (hairy) hulled canary seed to a diet containing 50% wheat. No significant adverse effects were observed. In a 28-day and a 90-day study rats were fed yellow or brown glabrous canary seed groats in the AIN-76 diet at concentrations levels of 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The NOAELs in 90-day study were 5.15 g/kg/d and 5.23 g/kg/d for yellow and brown canary seed groats. Consumption of canary seed was associated with reduced incidence and severity of liver lipidosis as compared to controls. The combined results of these studies clearly demonstrate the safety of consumption of glabrous canary seed, and support its use as a human cereal grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Magnuson
- BMagnuson Consulting, Oakville, ON L6J2C8, Canada.
| | - C A Patterson
- The Pathfinders Research & Management Ltd, Saskatoon, SK S7N0S5, Canada
| | - P Hucl
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada
| | - R W Newkirk
- Canadian International Grains Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3C3G7, Canada
| | - J I Ram
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7NA8, Canada
| | - H L Classen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7NA8, Canada
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Boye JI, Achouri A, Raymond N, Cleroux C, Weber D, Koerner TB, Hucl P, Patterson CA. Analysis of glabrous canary seeds by ELISA, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting for the absence of cross-reactivity with major plant food allergens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6102-6112. [PMID: 23706175 DOI: 10.1021/jf305500t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glabrous (hairless) canary seed belongs to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family and could serve as an alternative source of gluten-free cereal grain. In this study, allergenic cross-reactivities between hairless, dehulled canary seeds (Phalaris canariensis) and major allergenic proteins from gluten, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, and mustard were studied using commercial enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits specific for these target allergens. Mass spectrometry (MS) and immunoblotting were further used to assess for the presence of gluten-specific protein fragments. MS results revealed the likely presence of proteins homologous with rice, oat, corn, carrot, tomato, radish, beet, and chickpea. However, no presence of celiac-related gluten fragments from wheat, rye, barley, or their derivatives was found. Immunoblotting studies yielded negative results, further confirming the absence of gluten in the canary seed samples tested. No cross-reactivities were detected between canary seeds and almond, hazelnut, mustard, peanut, sesame, soy, walnut, and gluten using ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Irene Boye
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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