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Zhou J, Fu C, Shen M, Tao J, Liu H. Sulforaphane Promotes Proliferation of Porcine Granulosa Cells via the H3K27ac-Mediated GDF8-ALK5-ERK Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21635-21649. [PMID: 39294897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Follicle development, a crucial process in reproductive biology, hinges upon the dynamic proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs). Growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF8) is well-known as myostatin for inhibiting skeletal muscle growth, and it also exists in ovarian GCs and follicle fluid. However, the relationship between GCs proliferation and GDF8 remains elusive. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a potent bioactive compound, which in our study has been demonstrated to induce the expression of GDF8 in GCs. Meanwhile, we discover a novel role of SFN in promoting the proliferation of porcine GCs. Specifically, SFN enhances GCs proliferation by accelerating the progression of the cell cycle through the G1 phase to the S phase. By performing gene expression profiling, we showed that the promoting proliferative effects of SFN are highly correlated with the TGF-β signaling pathways and cell cycle. Among the ligand factors of TGF-β signaling, we identify GDF8 as a critical downstream effector of SFN, which acts through ALK5 to mediate SFN-induced proliferation and G1/S transition. In addition, we identify a noncanonical downstream pathway by which GDF8 induces the activation of MAPK/ERK to facilitate the cell cycle progression in GCs. Moreover, we reveal that the expression of GDF8 is regulated by SFN through epigenetic modifications of H3K27 acetylation. These findings not only provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of GCs proliferation but also establish a previously unrecognized role of GDF8 in follicle development, which have significant implications for developing strategies to improve female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingli Tao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Cascajosa-Lira A, Prieto AI, Pichardo S, Jos A, Cameán AM. Protective effects of sulforaphane against toxic substances and contaminants: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155731. [PMID: 38824824 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN) is a dietary isothiocyanate, derived from glucoraphanin, present in cruciferous vegetables belonging to the Brassica genus. It is a biologically active phytochemical that acts as a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inducer. Thus, it has been reported to have multiple protective functions including anticancer responses and protection against a toxic agent's action. PURPOSE The present work systematically reviewed and synthesised the protective properties of sulforaphane against a toxic agent. This review reveals the mechanism of the action of SFN in each organ or system. METHODS The PRISMA guideline was followed in this sequence: researched literature, organised retrieved documents, abstracted relevant information, assessed study quality and bias, synthesised data, and prepared a comprehensive report. Searches were conducted on Science Direct and PubMed using the keywords "Sulforaphane" AND ("protective effects" OR "protection against"). RESULTS Reports showed that liver and the nervous system are the target organs on which attention was focused, and this might be due to the key role of oxidative stress in liver and neurodegenerative diseases. However, protective activities have also been demonstrated in the lungs, heart, immune system, kidneys, and endocrine system. SFN exerts its protective effects by activating the Nrf2 pathway, which enhances antioxidant defenses and reduces oxidative stress. It also suppresses inflammation by decreasing interleukin production. Moreover, SFN inhibits apoptosis by preventing caspase 3 cleavage and increasing Bcl2 levels. Overall, SFN demonstrates multifaceted mechanisms to counteract the adverse effects of toxic agents. CONCLUSION SFN has potential clinical applications as a chemoprotective agent. Nevertheless, more studies are necessary to set the safe doses of SFN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cascajosa-Lira
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, España.
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, España.
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, España.
| | - Angeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, España.
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, España.
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Dietary Isothiocyanates: Novel Insights into the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031962. [PMID: 36768284 PMCID: PMC9916827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet plays an important role in health. A high intake of plant chemicals such as glucosinolates/isothiocyanates can promote optimal health and decrease the risk of cancer. Recent research has discovered more novel mechanisms of action for the effects of isothiocyanates including the modulation of tumor microenvironment, the inhibition of the self-renewal of stem cells, the rearrangement of multiple pathways of energy metabolism, the modulation of microbiota, and protection against Helicobacter pylori. However, the hormetic/biphasic effects of isothiocyanates may make the recommendations complicated. Isothiocyanates possess potent anti-cancer activities based on up-to-date evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. The nature of hormesis suggests that the benefits or risks of isothiocyanates largely depend on the dose and endpoint of interest. Isothiocyanates are a promising class of cancer-preventative phytochemicals, but researchers should be aware of the potential adverse (and hormetic) effects. In the authors' opinion, dietary isothiocyanates are better used as adjunctive treatments in combination with known anti-cancer drugs. The application of nano-formulations and the delivery of isothiocyanates are also discussed in this review.
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Ke K, Li L, Lu C, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Mou Y, Wang H, Jin W. The crosstalk effect between ferrous and other ions metabolism in ferroptosis for therapy of cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916082. [PMID: 36033459 PMCID: PMC9413412 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death process characterized by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. The elucidation of ferroptosis pathways may lead to novel cancer therapies. Current evidence suggests that the mechanism of ferroptosis can be summarized as oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. During this process, ferrous ions play a crucial role in cellular oxidation, plasma membrane damage, reactive oxygen species removal imbalance and lipid peroxidation. Although, disregulation of intracellular cations (Fe2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, etc.) and anions (Cl-, etc.) have been widely reported to be involved in ferroptosis, their specific regulatory mechanisms have not been established. To further understand the crosstalk effect between ferrous and other ions in ferroptosis, we reviewed the ferroptosis process from the perspective of ions metabolism. In addition, the role of ferrous and other ions in tumor therapy is briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ke
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qicong Zhu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Jin, ; Huiju Wang,
| | - Weiwei Jin
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Jin, ; Huiju Wang,
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Repash EM, Pensabene KM, Palenchar PM, Eggler AL. Solving the Problem of Assessing Synergy and Antagonism for Non-Traditional Dosing Curve Compounds Using the DE/ZI Method: Application to Nrf2 Activators. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:686201. [PMID: 34163365 PMCID: PMC8215699 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.686201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug combination therapy carries significant promise for pharmacological intervention, primarily better efficacy with less toxicity and fewer side effects. However, the field lacks methodology to assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions for drugs with non-traditional dose response curves. Specifically, our goal was to assess small-molecule modulators of antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven gene expression, which is largely regulated by the Nrf2 transcription factor. Known as Nrf2 activators, this class of compounds upregulates a battery of cytoprotective genes and shows significant promise for prevention of numerous chronic diseases. For example, sulforaphane sourced from broccoli sprouts is the subject of over 70 clinical trials. Nrf2 activators generally have non-traditional dose response curves that are hormetic, or U-shaped. We introduce a method based on the principles of Loewe Additivity to assess synergism and antagonism for two compounds in combination. This method, termed Dose-Equivalence/Zero Interaction (DE/ZI), can be used with traditional Hill-slope response curves, and it also can assess interactions for compounds with non-traditional curves, using a nearest-neighbor approach. Using a Monte-Carlo method, DE/ZI generates a measure of synergy or antagonism for each dosing pair with an associated error and p-value, resulting in a 3D response surface. For the assessed Nrf2 activators, sulforaphane and di-tert-butylhydroquinone, this approach revealed synergistic interactions at higher dosing concentrations consistently across data sets and potential antagonistic interactions at lower concentrations. DE/ZI eliminates the need to determine the best fit equation for a given data set and values experimentally-derived results over formulated fits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Repash
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | | | - Peter M Palenchar
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Aimee L Eggler
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
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Al-Bakheit A, Abu-Qatouseh L. Sulforaphane from broccoli attenuates inflammatory hepcidin by reducing IL-6 secretion in human HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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7
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Calabrese EJ, Kozumbo WJ. The phytoprotective agent sulforaphane prevents inflammatory degenerative diseases and age-related pathologies via Nrf2-mediated hormesis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105283. [PMID: 33160067 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In numerous experimental models, sulforaphane (SFN) is shown herein to induce hormetic dose responses that are not only common but display endpoints of biomedical and clinical relevance. These hormetic responses are mediated via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid- derived 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response elements (AREs) and, as such, are characteristically biphasic, well integrated, concentration/dose dependent, and specific with regard to the targeted cell type and the temporal profile of response. In experimental disease models, the SFN-induced hormetic activation of Nrf2 was shown to effectively reduce the occurrence and severity of a wide range of human-related pathologies, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, age-related ocular damage, chemically induced brain damage, and renal nephropathy, amongst others, while also enhancing stem cell proliferation. Although SFN was broadly chemoprotective within an hormetic dose-response context, it also enhanced cell proliferation/cell viability at low concentrations in multiple tumor cell lines. Although the implications of the findings in tumor cells are largely uncertain at this time and warrant further consideration, the potential utility of SFN in cancer treatment has not been precluded. This assessment of SFN complements recent reports of similar hormesis-based chemoprotections by other widely used dietary supplements, such as curcumin, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, green tea, and resveratrol. Interestingly, the mechanistic profile of SFN is similar to that of numerous other hormetic agents, indicating that activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway is probably a central, integrative, and underlying mechanism of hormesis itself. The Nrf2/ARE pathway provides an explanation for how large numbers of agents that both display hormetic dose responses and activate Nrf2 can function to limit age-related damage, the progression of numerous disease processes, and chemical- and radiation- induced toxicities. These findings extend the generality of the hormetic dose response to include SFN and many other chemical activators of Nrf2 that are cited in the biomedical literature and therefore have potentially important public health and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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8
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Jodynis-Liebert J, Kujawska M. Biphasic Dose-Response Induced by Phytochemicals: Experimental Evidence. J Clin Med 2020; 9:718. [PMID: 32155852 PMCID: PMC7141213 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many phytochemicals demonstrate nonmonotonic dose/concentration-response termed biphasic dose-response and are considered to be hormetic compounds, i.e., they induce biologically opposite effects at different doses. In numerous articles the hormetic nature of phytochemicals is declared, however, no experimental evidence is provided. Our aim was to present the overview of the reports in which phytochemical-induced biphasic dose-response is experimentally proven. Hence, we included in the current review only articles in which the reversal of response between low and high doses/concentrations of phytochemicals for a single endpoint was documented. The majority of data on biphasic dose-response have been found for phytoestrogens; other reports described these types of effects for resveratrol, sulforaphane, and natural compounds from various chemical classes such as isoquinoline alkaloid berberine, polyacetylenes falcarinol and falcarindiol, prenylated pterocarpan glyceollin1, naphthoquinones plumbagin and naphazarin, and panaxatriol saponins. The prevailing part of the studies presented in the current review was performed on cell cultures. The most common endpoint tested was a proliferation of tumor and non-cancerous cells. Very few experiments demonstrating biphasic dose-response induced by phytochemicals were carried out on animal models. Data on the biphasic dose-response of various endpoints to phytochemicals may have a potential therapeutic or preventive implication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland;
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Zhang Y, Yu D, Zhang J, Bao J, Tang C, Zhang Z. The role of necroptosis and apoptosis through the oxidative stress pathway in the liver of selenium-deficient swine. Metallomics 2020; 12:607-616. [PMID: 32176230 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00295b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is regarded as a new paradigm of cell death that plays a key role in the liver damage observed with selenium (Se) deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Dahai Yu
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Jiuli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- P. R. China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- P. R. China
- Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering
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10
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Liu P, Wang W, Tang J, Bowater RP, Bao Y. Antioxidant effects of sulforaphane in human HepG2 cells and immortalised hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:129-136. [PMID: 30940595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) has shown anti-cancer effects in cellular and animal studies but its effectiveness has been limited in human studies. Here, the effects of SFN were measured in both human hepatocytes (HHL5) and hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Results showed that SFN inhibited cell viability and induced DNA strand breaks at high doses (≥20 μM). It also activated the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels at 24 h. Pre-treatment with a low dose SFN (≤5 μM) protected against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage. High doses of SFN were more toxic towards HHL5 compared to HepG2 cells; the difference is likely due to the disparity in the responses of Nrf2-driven enzymes and -GSH levels between the two cell lines. In addition, HepG2 cells hijacked the cytoprotective effect of SFN over a wider dose range (1.25-20 μM) compared to HHL5. Manipulation of levels of GSH and Nrf2 in HepG2 cells confirmed that both molecules mediate the protective effects of SFN against H2O2. The non-specific nature of SFN in the regulation of cell death and survival could present undesirable risks, i.e. be more toxic to normal cells, and cause chemo-resistance in tumor cells. These issues should be addressed in the context for cancer prevention and treatment before large scale clinical trials are undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Bowater
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
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Krug P, Mielczarek L, Wiktorska K, Kaczyńska K, Wojciechowski P, Andrzejewski K, Ofiara K, Szterk A, Mazur M. Sulforaphane-conjugated selenium nanoparticles: towards a synergistic anticancer effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:065101. [PMID: 30523968 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane-modified selenium nanoparticles can be prepared in a simple aqueous-phase redox reaction through reduction of selenite with ascorbic acid. The sulforaphane molecules present in the reaction mixture adsorb on the nanoparticle surface, forming an adlayer. The resulting conjugate was examined with several physicochemical techniques, including microscopy, spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. As shown in in vivo investigations on rats, the nanomaterial administered intraperitoneally is eliminated mainly in urine (and, to a lesser extent, in feces); however, it is also retained in the body. The modified nanoparticles mainly accumulate in the liver, but the basic parameters of blood and urine remain within normal limits. The sulforaphane-conjugated nanoparticles reveal considerable anticancer action, as demonstrated on several cancer cell cultures in vitro. This finding is due to the synergistic effect of elemental selenium and sulforaphane molecules assembled in one nanostructure (conjugate). On the other hand, the cytotoxic action on normal cells is relatively low. The high antitumor activity and selectivity of the conjugate with respect to diseased and healthy cells is extremely promising from the point of view of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Krug
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Liu P, Wang W, Zhou Z, Smith AJO, Bowater RP, Wormstone IM, Chen Y, Bao Y. Chemopreventive Activities of Sulforaphane and Its Metabolites in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050585. [PMID: 29747418 PMCID: PMC5986465 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) exhibits chemopreventive effects through various mechanisms. However, few studies have focused on the bioactivities of its metabolites. Here, three metabolites derived from SFN were studied, known as sulforaphane glutathione, sulforaphane cysteine and sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine. Their effects on cell viability, DNA damage, tumorigenicity, cell migration and adhesion were measured in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and their anti-angiogenetic effects were determined in a 3D co-culture model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and pericytes. Results indicated that these metabolites at high doses decreased cancer cell viability, induced DNA damage and inhibited motility, and impaired endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Additionally, pre-treatment with low doses of SFN metabolites protected against H2O2 challenge. The activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and the induction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) played an important role in the cytoprotective effects of SFN metabolites. In conclusion, SFN metabolites exhibited similar cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects to SFN, which proves the necessity to study the mechanisms of action of not only SFN but also of its metabolites. Based on the different tissue distribution profiles of these metabolites, the most relevant chemical forms can be selected for targeted chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Wei Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Andrew J O Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Richard P Bowater
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Ian Michael Wormstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhou Z, Wang W, Liu M, Bao Y. Differential effects of sulforaphane in regulation of angiogenesis in a co-culture model of endothelial cells and pericytes. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2905-2912. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Xiang LR, Li W, Wang LL, Cao CY, Li N, Li XN, Jiang XQ, Li JL. The supranutritional selenium status alters blood glucose and pancreatic redox homeostasis via a modulated selenotranscriptome in chickens (Gallus gallus). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02278f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary Se status stabilizes pancreatic normal physiology functionviathe regulation of the selenoprotemic transcriptions. Supranutritional or excess Se status alters the pancreatic redox homeostasisviamodulated selenotranscriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Run Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Chang-Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education
| | - Xiu-Qing Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education
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15
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Denzer I, Münch G, Pischetsrieder M, Friedland K. S-allyl-l-cysteine and isoliquiritigenin improve mitochondrial function in cellular models of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Food Chem 2016; 194:843-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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De Spirt S, Eckers A, Wehrend C, Micoogullari M, Sies H, Stahl W, Steinbrenner H. Interplay between the chalcone cardamonin and selenium in the biosynthesis of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:164-71. [PMID: 26698667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenoenzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated phase II enzymes comprise key components of the cellular redox and antioxidant systems, which show multiple interrelations. Deficiency of the micronutrient selenium (Se) and impaired biosynthesis of selenoproteins have been reported to result in induction of Nrf2 target genes. Conversely, transcription of the selenoenzymes glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is up-regulated upon Nrf2 activation. Here, we have studied the interplay between Se and the secondary plant metabolite cardamonin, an Nrf2-activating chalcone, in the regulation of Nrf2-controlled antioxidant enzymes. Se-deficient and Se-repleted (sodium selenite-supplemented) human intestinal Caco-2 cells were exposed to cardamonin. Uptake of cardamonin by the Caco-2 cells was independent of their Se status. Cardamonin strongly induced gene expression of GPx2 and TrxR1. However, cardamonin treatment did not result in elevated GPx or TrxR activity and protein levels, possibly relating to a concomitant down-regulation of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) kinase (PSTK), an enzyme involved in translation of selenoprotein mRNAs. On the other hand, induction of the Nrf2-regulated enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by cardamonin was diminished in Se-replete compared to Se-deficient cells. Our findings suggest that cardamonin interferes with the biosynthesis of Nrf2-regulated selenoenzymes, in contrast to the Nrf2-activating isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane, which has been shown earlier to synergize with Se-mediated cytoprotection. Conversely, the cellular Se status apparently affects the cardamonin-mediated induction of non-selenoprotein antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke De Spirt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Eckers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Wehrend
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mustafa Micoogullari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
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17
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Wang W, He Y, Yu G, Li B, Sexton DW, Wileman T, Roberts AA, Hamilton CJ, Liu R, Chao Y, Shan Y, Bao Y. Sulforaphane Protects the Liver against CdSe Quantum Dot-Induced Cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138771. [PMID: 26402917 PMCID: PMC4581733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential cytotoxicity of cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) presents a barrier to their use in biomedical imaging or as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a chemoprotective compound derived from cruciferous vegetables which can up-regulate antioxidant enzymes and induce apoptosis and autophagy. This study reports the effects of SFN on CdSe QD-induced cytotoxicity in immortalised human hepatocytes and in the livers of mice. CdSe QDs induced dose-dependent cell death in hepatocytes with an IC50 = 20.4 μM. Pre-treatment with SFN (5 μM) increased cell viability in response to CdSe QDs (20 μM) from 49.5 to 89.3%. SFN induced a pro-oxidant effect characterized by depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione during short term exposure (3–6 h), followed by up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels at 24 h. SFN also caused Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus, up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and autophagy. siRNA knockdown of Nrf2 suggests that the Nrf2 pathway plays a role in the protection against CdSe QD-induced cell death. Wortmannin inhibition of SFN-induced autophagy significantly suppressed the protective effect of SFN on CdSe QD-induced cell death. Moreover, the role of autophagy in SFN protection against CdSe QD-induced cell death was confirmed using mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking ATG5. CdSe QDs caused significant liver damage in mice, and this was decreased by SFN treatment. In conclusion, SFN attenuated the cytotoxicity of CdSe QDs in both human hepatocytes and in the mouse liver, and this protection was associated with the induction of Nrf2 pathway and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yu
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Baolong Li
- Center of Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Darren W Sexton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra A Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Hamilton
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Ruoxi Liu
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Yimin Chao
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Yujuan Shan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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18
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Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in protection against oxidative damage in colonic CCD841 cells. Nutr Res 2015; 35:610-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Bachiega P, Salgado JM, de Carvalho JE, Ruiz ALTG, Schwarz K, Tezotto T, Morzelle MC. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in different maturation stages of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica) biofortified with selenium. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26213037 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three different broccoli maturity stages subjected to biofortification with selenium were evaluated for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Antioxidant trials have shown that the maturation stages biofortified with selenium had significantly higher amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, especially seedlings. Although non-polar extracts of all samples show antiproliferative activity, the extract of broccoli seedlings biofortified with selenium stood out, presenting cytocidal activity for a glioma line (U251, GI50 28.5 mg L(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bachiega
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, CP 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia T G Ruiz
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, CP 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Kélin Schwarz
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA)/Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário, 303, 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tezotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Laboratório Multiusuário em Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maressa Caldeira Morzelle
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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20
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Bao Y, Wang W, Zhou Z, Sun C. Benefits and risks of the hormetic effects of dietary isothiocyanates on cancer prevention. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114764. [PMID: 25532034 PMCID: PMC4273949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The isothiocyanate (ITC) sulforaphane (SFN) was shown at low levels (1–5 µM) to promote cell proliferation to 120–143% of the controls in a number of human cell lines, whilst at high levels (10–40 µM) it inhibited such cell proliferation. Similar dose responses were observed for cell migration, i.e. SFN at 2.5 µM increased cell migration in bladder cancer T24 cells to 128% whilst high levels inhibited cell migration. This hormetic action was also found in an angiogenesis assay where SFN at 2.5 µM promoted endothelial tube formation (118% of the control), whereas at 10–20 µM it caused significant inhibition. The precise mechanism by which SFN influences promotion of cell growth and migration is not known, but probably involves activation of autophagy since an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, abolished the effect of SFN on cell migration. Moreover, low doses of SFN offered a protective effect against free-radical mediated cell death, an effect that was enhanced by co-treatment with selenium. These results suggest that SFN may either prevent or promote tumour cell growth depending on the dose and the nature of the target cells. In normal cells, the promotion of cell growth may be of benefit, but in transformed or cancer cells it may be an undesirable risk factor. In summary, ITCs have a biphasic effect on cell growth and migration. The benefits and risks of ITCs are not only determined by the doses, but are affected by interactions with Se and the measured endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Sun
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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21
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Stefanson AL, Bakovic M. Dietary regulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway: focus on plant-derived compounds and trace minerals. Nutrients 2014; 6:3777-801. [PMID: 25244368 PMCID: PMC4179188 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that chronic inflammation underpins the development of many chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress is inherently a biochemical dysregulation of the redox status of the intracellular environment, which under homeostatic conditions is a reducing environment, whereas inflammation is the biological response to oxidative stress in that the cell initiates the production of proteins, enzymes, and other compounds to restore homeostasis. At the center of the day-to-day biological response to oxidative stress is the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, which regulates the transcription of many antioxidant genes that preserve cellular homeostasis and detoxification genes that process and eliminate carcinogens and toxins before they can cause damage. The Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway plays a major role in health resilience and can be made more robust and responsive by certain dietary factors. Transient activation of Nrf2 by dietary electrophilic phytochemicals can upregulate antioxidant and chemopreventive enzymes in the absence of actual oxidative stress inducers. Priming the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway by upregulating these enzymes prior to oxidative stress or xenobiotic encounter increases cellular fitness to respond more robustly to oxidative assaults without activating more intense inflammatory NFκB-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Stefanson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
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22
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Xu JX, Cao CY, Sun YC, Wang LL, Li N, Xu SW, Li JL. Effects on liver hydrogen peroxide metabolism induced by dietary selenium deficiency or excess in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:174-82. [PMID: 24819086 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To determine the relationship between dietary selenium (Se) deficiency or excess and liver hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism in chickens, 1-day-old chickens received insufficient Se (0.028 mg Se per kg of diet) or excess Se (3.0 or 5.0 mg Se per kg of diet) in their diets for 8 weeks. Body and liver weight changes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, H2O2 content, and activities and mRNA levels of enzymes associated with H2O2 metabolism (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-3) were determined in the liver. This study showed that Se deficiency or excess Se intake elicited relative severe changes. Se deficiency decreased growth, while Se excess promoted growth in chickens. Both diets vastly altered the liver function, but no obvious histopathological changes were observed in the liver. Se deficiency significantly lowered SOD and CAT activities, and the H2O2 content in the liver and serum increased. Se excess (3.0 mg/kg) decreased SOD and CAT activities with changes in their mRNA levels, and the H2O2 content increased. The larger Se excess (5.0 mg/kg) showed more serious effects but was not fatal. These results indicated that the H2O2 metabolism played a destructive role in the changes in bird liver function induced by Se deficiency or excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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23
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Barrera LN, Cassidy A, Wang W, Wei T, Belshaw NJ, Johnson IT, Brigelius-Flohé R, Bao Y. TrxR1 and GPx2 are potently induced by isothiocyanates and selenium, and mutually cooperate to protect Caco-2 cells against free radical-mediated cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1914-24. [PMID: 22820176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is significant interest in the field of diet-gene interactions and the mechanisms by which food compounds regulate gene expression to modify cancer susceptibility. From a nutrition perspective, two key components potentially exert cancer chemopreventive effects: isothiocyanates (ITCs), present in cruciferous vegetables, and selenium (Se) which, as selenocysteine, is an integral part of selenoproteins. However, the role of these compounds in the expression of key selenoenzymes once the cancer process has been initiated still needs elucidation. Therefore, this investigation examined the effect of two forms of selenium, selenium-methylselenocysteine and sodium selenite, both individually and in combination with two ITCs, sulforaphane or iberin, on the expression of the two selenoenzymes, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) and gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase (GPx2), which are targets of ITCs, in Caco-2 cells. Co-treatment with both ITCs and Se induced expression of TrxR1 and GPx2 more than either compound alone. Moreover, pre-treatment of cells with ITC+Se enhanced cytoprotection against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death through a ROS-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, a single and double knockdown of TrxR1 and/or GPx2 suggested that both selenoproteins were responsible for protecting against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. Together, these data shed new light on the mechanism of interactions between ITC and Se in which translational expression of the enhanced transcripts by the former is dependent on an adequate Se supply, resulting in a cooperative antioxidant protective effect against cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Barrera
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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