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Yu X, Cao H, Liu X, Liu J, Lyu Y, Wang D, Wei M. Isolation and characterization of feruloylated oligosaccharides from Phyllostachys acuta and in vitro antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109193. [PMID: 38908218 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) generated by decomposing plant hemicellulose, offer a wide range of potential applications in both the food and biomedical areas. As a graminaceous plant, bamboo is rich in hemicellulose. However, the structural composition and activity studies of FOs from it were rarely reported. In this study, FOs from Phyllostachys acuta (pFOs) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis were isolated by AmberliteXAD-2 and C18 SPE columns. Then, pFOs were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS after labeled by 3-Amino-9-ethyl-carbazole (AEC), and the chemical antioxidant activity of pFOs and effects of pFOs on H2O2-induced oxidative damage were investigated. Finally, 14 of pFOs isomers were distinguished and identified, of which 10 did not contain hexoses and 4 did, and the three most abundant pFO structures were 12 (Iso 7, F1A1X2H2-AEC, 29.04 %), 11 (Iso 6, F1A1X1H2-AEC, 17.96 %), and 4 (Iso 3-1, F1A1X3-AEC, 15.57 %). The results of antioxidant studies showed that pFOs possessed certain reducing power, scavenging DPPH radicals, scavenging superoxide anion radicals, and scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Among them, the ability to clear DPPH radicals was particularly significant. pFOs significantly reduced the viability of RAW264.7 cells after H2O2 induction, whereas pFOs had a significant protective effect (p < 0.001). pFOs increased the viability of T-AOC and SOD enzymes in oxidatively damaged cells, as well as had a significant inhibition effect on ROS elevation (p < 0.001). This study lays the foundation for the structural analysis and antioxidant activity evaluation of bamboo-derived feruloyl oligosaccharides for their application in food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Hengyuan Cao
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Jinbin Liu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Yongmei Lyu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Dujun Wang
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Ming Wei
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China.
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Deng L, Wei SL, Wang L, Huang JQ. Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Prevented Influenza-Induced Lung Inflammation via the RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9782-9794. [PMID: 38597360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation contributes significantly to the mortality in acute respiratory infections. Our previous research has demonstrated that maize bran feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) possess notable anti-inflammatory properties linked to the NF-kB pathway regulation. In this study, we clarified that the oral administration of FOs moderately inhibited H1N1 virus infection and reduced lung inflammation in influenza-infected mice by decreasing a wide spectrum of cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-23) in the lungs. The mechanism involves FOs suppressing the transduction of the RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3 signaling pathway, subsequently lowering the expression of NF-κB. In silico analysis suggests that FOs have a greater binding affinity for the RIG-I/MAVS signaling complex. This indicates that FOs have potential as promising targets for immune modulation. Moreover, in MAVS knockout mice, we confirmed that the anti-inflammatory function of FOs against influenza depends on MAVS. Comprehensive analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolite profiling techniques showed that FOs have the potential to restore immunity by modulating the gut microbiota. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that FOs are effective anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in inhibiting lung inflammation caused by influenza. This suggests that FOs could serve as a potential nutritional strategy for preventing the H1N1 virus infection and associated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu-Lei Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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3
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Yin Z, Liu M, Wang B, Zhao D, Li H, Sun J. Extraction, Identification, and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Feruloylated Oligosaccharides from Baijiu Distillers' Grains. Foods 2024; 13:1283. [PMID: 38672955 PMCID: PMC11049520 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of phenoyl oligosaccharides in baijiu distillers' grains (BDGs) have not been identified and investigated yet. This study aimed to elucidate the major phenolic oligosaccharides present in BDGs, optimize their extraction process via a central composite design, and assess their anti-inflammatory properties utilizing the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammation model. The main results are as follows: feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) were identified as the main phenoyl oligosaccharides in BDGs with a structure of ferulic acid esterified on arabinooligosaccharide xylose. Then, the preparation process of FOs was optimized using the following conditions: pH 5, temperature 55 °C, time 12 h, xylanase addition amount 7 g/L, BDG concentration 120 g/L. Furthermore, the acquired FOs demonstrated notable scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals, with Trolox equivalent values of 366.8 ± 10.38 and 0.35 ± 0.01 mM Trolox/mg sample, respectively. However, their efficacy was comparatively lower than that of ferulic acid. Finally, the obtained FOs could effectively inhibit the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and promote the secretion of IL-10 in RAW264.7 cells. Based on the above results, FOs from BDGs were determined to have certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (M.L.); (B.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (M.L.); (B.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Bowen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (M.L.); (B.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Dongrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (M.L.); (B.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hehe Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (M.L.); (B.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (M.L.); (B.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.)
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Lv DM, Cao S, Yang G, Zhang Z, Yu Q. Fructus lycii oligosaccharide alleviates acute liver injury via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Immunol Res 2024; 72:271-283. [PMID: 38032450 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the immune-environment is essential for treating acute liver injury (ALI). However, the deficiency of an effective immune balancer restricted progress. Herein, we reported an oligosaccharide from Fructus lycii oligosaccharide (FLO). To investigate the effects of FLO, we adopted primary macrophages and LO2 for experiments in vitro. In vivo, we assessed the influence of FLO in ALI with histochemical staining and enzyme indicators detection. Following that, we clarified the underlying mechanisms using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that FLO (100 μg/mL) showed apparent inflammatory reversal effects by shifting the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2 without causing any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CCl4-induced mice were significantly improved by FLO intragastric administration. Meanwhile, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was confirmed for the up-regulation of IL-10 via M2 polarization of macrophages. Collectively, our findings highlight the beneficial effects of FLO on ALI therapy via M1 to M2 macrophage conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - De Ming Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Sucheng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Preciado S, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Rico D, Muntión S, García-Macías MC, Navarro-Bailón A, Martín-Diana AB, Sánchez-Guijo F. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with a Ferulic Acid-Rich Bioactive Component of Wheat Bran in a Murine Model of Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4582. [PMID: 37960235 PMCID: PMC10648738 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a common and severe complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Its prevention and treatment is a major challenge. Ferulic acid (FA) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that could be attractive in this setting. Our aim was to evaluate a bioactive ingredient derived from wheat bran (WB), selected for its high concentration of FA, in a murine model of GvHD. The ingredient was obtained via a bioprocess involving hydrolysis and spray-drying. GvHD was induced via HSCT between MHC-mismatched mouse strains. FA treatment was administered orally. Survival and disease scores (weight loss, hunching, activity, fur texture, and skin integrity, each scored between 0 and 2 depending on disease severity) were recorded daily, histological evaluation was performed at the end of the experiment, and serum inflammatory cytokines were analyzed on days 9 and 28. Treatment with FA did not protect GvHD mice from death, nor did it diminish GvHD scores. However, histological analysis showed that ulcers with large areas of inflammatory cells, vessels, and keratin were less common in skin samples from FA-treated mice. Areas of intense inflammatory response were also seen in fewer small intestine samples from treated mice. In addition, a slight decrease in INF-γ and TNF-α expression was observed in the serum of treated mice on day 28. The results showed some local effect of the ingredient intervention, but that the dose used may not be sufficient to control or reduce the inflammatory response at the systemic level in mice with GvHD. Higher dosages of FA may have an impact when evaluating the immunomodulatory capabilities of the hydrolyzed WB ingredient. Thus, further experiments and the use of technological strategies that enrich the ingredients in soluble ferulic acid to improve its efficacy in this setting are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preciado
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Rico
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Navarro-Bailón
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Martín-Diana
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.); (A.N.-B.); (F.S.-G.)
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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6
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Deng F, Hu X, Wang Y, Luo S, Liu C. Improving the Yield of Feruloyl Oligosaccharides from Rice Bran through Enzymatic Extrusion and Its Mechanism. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071369. [PMID: 37048191 PMCID: PMC10093099 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran, rich in feruloyl arabinoxylan, is a good source of feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs). To prepare FOs, bran was often hydrolyzed by amylase and protease to remove starch and protein and then hydrolyzed by xylanase, which was time-consuming and had a low yield. To solve the above problems, enzymatic extrusion was used to treat rice bran, and the effects of traditional hydrolysis, a combination of traditional extrusion and hydrolysis (extrusion-hydrolysis) and enzymatic extrusion on the yield of FOs were investigated and compared in this study. It was found that traditional extrusion and enzymatic extrusion significantly increased the yield of FOs. Particularly, the yield of FOs resulting from enzymatic extrusion was increased to 5.78%, while the yield from traditional hydrolysis was 4.23%. Microscopy analysis showed that extrusion damaged the cell wall of bran, which might increase the accessibility of xylanase to arabinoxylan and the yield of FOs. Spectroscopy analysis suggested that FOs obtained by different pretreatments had similar structures. It was obvious that enzymatic extrusion saved the time for removal of starch and protein and increased the yield of FOs. In addition, the highest yield of FOs was found at the moisture content of 30% and the screw speed of 50 rpm. This study provided an efficient method for the preparation of FOs that is suitable for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghong Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiuting Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yueru Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Tryptamine, a Microbial Metabolite in Fermented Rice Bran Suppressed Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in a Murine Macrophage Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911209. [PMID: 36232510 PMCID: PMC9570467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is thought to alter the composition and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in rice bran. However, how this process affects the anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran and the bioactive compounds that might participate in this function is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds in fermented rice bran that play a key role in its anti-inflammatory function. The fermented rice bran was fractionated using a succession of solvent and solid-phase extractions. The fermented rice bran fractions were then applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. The hot water fractions (FRBA), 50% ethanol fractions (FRBB), and n-hexane fractions (FRBC) were all shown to be able to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequent fractions from the hot water fraction (FRBF and FRBE) were also able to reduce the inflammatory response of these cells to LPS. Further investigation revealed that tryptamine, a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan, was abundantly present in these extracts. These results indicate that tryptamine may play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effects of fermented rice bran. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of FRBE and tryptamine may depend on the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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Bai R, Cui F, Li W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao Y, Wang N, Xu Q, Hu F, Zhang Y. Codonopsis pilosula oligosaccharides modulate the gut microbiota and change serum metabolomic profiles in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8143-8157. [PMID: 35816111 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01119k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide, linked to gut microbiota imbalance and chronic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate whether Codonopsis pilosula oligosaccharides (CPOs) can alleviate obesity and related metabolic complications in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a HFD for 16 weeks and treated daily with CPOs (500 mg kg-1). CPO supplementation decreased body weight and fat accumulation and improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. CPOs also reversed the effects of the HFD on inflammatory markers and improved macrophage infiltration. The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that CPOs could also regulate gut microbiota composition, significantly increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae spp., Alistipes and Clostridium and decreasing the abundance of the harmful bacteria Rikenella, Enterobacteriaceae spp., Collinsella and Megasphaera in HFD mice. Based on serum non-targeted metabolomics analysis, 20 key metabolites responding to CPO treatment were identified, and their biological functions were mainly related to tryptophan and bile acid metabolism. The results demonstrate that CPO supplementation can ameliorate HFD-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. It can be used as a novel gut microbiota modulator to prevent HFD-induced gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Bai
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fang Cui
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yingrui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qiaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, 252052, China.
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Chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of bone disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:346-367. [PMID: 35718150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone is an alive and dynamic organ that is well-differentiated and originated from mesenchymal tissues. Bone undergoes continuous remodeling during the lifetime of an individual. Although knowledge regarding bones and their disorders has been constantly growing, much attention has been devoted to effective treatments that can be used, both from materials and medical performance points of view. Polymers derived from natural sources, for example polysaccharides, are generally biocompatible and are therefore considered excellent candidates for various biomedical applications. This review outlines the development of chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of bone disorders including bone fracture, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, arthritis rheumatoid, and osteosarcoma. Different examples of chitosan-based formulations in the form of gels, micro/nanoparticles, and films are discussed herein. The work also reviews recent patents and important developments related to the use of chitosan in the treatment of bone disorders. Although most of the cited research was accomplished before reaching the clinical application level, this manuscript summarizes the latest achievements within chitosan-based biomaterials used for the treatment of bone disorders and provides perspectives for future scientific activities.
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Peng L, Guo F, Pei M, Tsao R, Wang X, Jiang L, Sun Y, Xiong H. Anti-inflammatory effect of lentil hull (Lens culinaris) extract via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and effects of digestive products on intestinal barrier and inflammation in Caco-2 and Raw264.7 co-culture. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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11
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Younes A, Li M, Karboune S. Cocoa bean shells: a review into the chemical profile, the bioactivity and the biotransformation to enhance their potential applications in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9111-9135. [PMID: 35467453 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2065659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During processing, cocoa bean shells (CBS) are de-hulled from the bean and discarded as waste. Undermined by its chemical and bioactive composition, CBS is abundant in dietary fiber and phenolic compounds that may serve the valorization purpose of this by-product material into prebiotic and functional ingredients. In addition, the cell-wall components of CBS can be combined through enzymatic feruloylation to obtain feruloylated oligo- and polysaccharides (FOs), further enhancing the techno-functional properties. FOs have attracted scientific attention due to their prebiotic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions inherent to their structural features. This review covers the chemical and bioactive compositions of CBS as well as their modifications upon cocoa processing. Physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches to extract and bio-transform bioactive components from the cell wall matrix of CBS were also discussed. Although nonspecific to CBS, studies were compiled to investigate efforts done to extract and produce feruloylated oligo- and polysaccharides from the cell wall materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Younes
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mingqin Li
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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12
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Beaulieu JC, Moreau RA, Powell MJ, Obando-Ulloa JM. Lipid Profiles in Preliminary Germinated Brown Rice Beverages Compared to Non-Germinated Brown and White Rice Beverages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020220. [PMID: 35053952 PMCID: PMC8774854 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown rice is nutritionally superior to white rice, yet oil rancidity can be problematic during processing and storage regarding sensory attributes. Germinating brown rice is known to generally increase some health-promoting compounds. In response to increasing the consumption of plant-based beverages, we sprouted unstabilized brown rice, using green technologies and saccharification enzymes for value-added beverages. ‘Rondo’ paddy rice was dehulled, sorted and germinated, and beverages were produced and compared against non-germinated brown and white brewers rice beverages. The preliminary germinated brown rice beverage contained significantly higher concentrations of total lipids, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, free sterols, phytosterol esters and oryzanols than both non-germinated brown and white rice beverages. White rice beverages had significantly higher free fatty acids. Significant lipid losses occurred during sieving, yet novel germinated brown rice beverages contained appreciable levels of valuable health-beneficial lipids, which appeared to form natural emulsions. Further pilot plant investigations should be scaled-up for pasteurization and adjusted through emulsification to ameliorate sieving losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Beaulieu
- Food Processing & Sensory Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-286-4471
| | - Robert A. Moreau
- Sustainable Biofuels and CoProducts Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, 600 East Mermaid, Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA; (R.A.M.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Michael J. Powell
- Sustainable Biofuels and CoProducts Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, 600 East Mermaid, Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA; (R.A.M.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Javier M. Obando-Ulloa
- Doctorate Program in Natural Science for Development (DOCINADE) and Agronomy Engineering School, Costa Rica Institute of Technology (ITCR), San Carlos Technology Local Campus, P.O. Box 223-21001, Ciudad Quesada, San Carlos 30101, Alajuela, Costa Rica;
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Sapwarobol S, Saphyakhajorn W, Astina J. Biological Functions and Activities of Rice Bran as a Functional Ingredient: A Review. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211058559. [PMID: 34898989 PMCID: PMC8655829 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211058559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) is a nutrient-rich by-product of the rice milling process. It consists of pericarp, seed coat, nucellus, and aleurone layer. RB is a rich source of a protein, fat, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (mainly oryzanols and tocopherols), and is currently mostly used as animal feed. Various studies have revealed the beneficial health effects of RB, which result from its functional components including dietary fiber, rice bran protein, and gamma-oryzanol. The health effects of RB including antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, hypotensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, while its consumption also improves bowel function. These health benefits have drawn increasing attention to RB in food applications and as a nutraceutical product to mitigate metabolic risk factors in humans. This review therefore focuses on RB and its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimol Sapwarobol
- The Medical Food Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weeraya Saphyakhajorn
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Junaida Astina
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Wang S, Zhang J, Fan S, Lin X. Current Advances in the Development of Decellularized Plant Extracellular Matrix. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:712262. [PMID: 34368105 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.712262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance exists between the supply of organs for transplantation and the number of patients in the donor transplant waiting lists. Current use of autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts for tissue replacement is limited by the low availability, poor biocompatibility, and high cost. Decellularized plant scaffolds with remarkable physical similarities to human organs have recently emerged and have been found to present favorable characteristics that make them suitable as an alternative biomaterial, such as a superficial surface area, excellent water transport and retention, pre-existing vascular networks, interconnected porosity, and a wide range of mechanical properties. In addition to their unique and superior biocompatibility, plant-derived scaffolds present the advantages of low production cost, no ethical or supply constraints, simple operation and suitability for large-scale production and research. However, there are still some problems and deficiencies in this field, such as immature decellularization standards and methods, insufficient research on the biocompatibility of plant extracellular matrix. At present, research on decellularized plant extracellular matrix is still in its infancy, and its applicability to tissue engineering needs to be further improved. In this review, the current research progress on decellularized plant scaffolds is reviewed, the problems to be solved and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Martín-Diana AB, Tomé-Sánchez I, García-Casas MJ, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frías J, Rico D. A Novel Strategy to Produce a Soluble and Bioactive Wheat Bran Ingredient Rich in Ferulic Acid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060969. [PMID: 34208721 PMCID: PMC8234745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) is a byproduct from the milling industry that contains bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. The aim of this work was on the one hand, increasing extractability of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds (specifically ferulic acid, FA), through enzymatic hydrolysis combined with hydrothermal treatment (HT) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). On the other hand, enhancing the stability of final ingredient applying spray-drying (SPD) and microencapsulation (MEC). The use of HT increased FA, total phenolics (TP), and antioxidant capacity (AC) in WB hydrolysates, regardless the HT duration. However, the HT tested (30 min, HT30) produced a loss in anti-inflammatory activity (AIA). The combination of HT (15 min, HT15) with HHP increased AIA of the WB. SPD enhanced the TP yield in WB with no significant effect of inlet temperature (up to 140 °C) on phenolic profile mainly composed of trans-FA and smaller amounts of cis-FA and apigenin diglucosides. SPD caused a temperature-dependent increase in AC (160 °C > 140 °C > 130 °C). SPD inlet temperatures affected total solids yield (from 22 to 36%), with the highest values at 140 °C. The use of HHP in combination with HT resulted in >2-fold increase in total solids yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Martín-Diana
- Agricultural Technological Institute of Castile and Leon (ITACyL), Government of Castile and Leon, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.J.G.-C.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983-41-0366
| | - Irene Tomé-Sánchez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.T.-S.); (C.M.-V.); (J.F.)
| | - María Jesús García-Casas
- Agricultural Technological Institute of Castile and Leon (ITACyL), Government of Castile and Leon, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.J.G.-C.); (D.R.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.T.-S.); (C.M.-V.); (J.F.)
| | - Juana Frías
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.T.-S.); (C.M.-V.); (J.F.)
| | - Daniel Rico
- Agricultural Technological Institute of Castile and Leon (ITACyL), Government of Castile and Leon, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.J.G.-C.); (D.R.)
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Free and Conjugated Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity in Quinoa Seeds and Their Relationship with Genotype and Environment. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061046. [PMID: 34064292 PMCID: PMC8224317 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nutraceutical interest in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds is associated with the presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols. In particular, polyphenols contribute to the health-promoting effects of this food crop, and their levels are influenced by environmental conditions. Production of quinoa is recently being explored in temperate climate areas, including Italy. The aim of this research was to assess the profile of bioactive compounds in seeds of two quinoa varieties, Regalona-Baer and Titicaca, grown in northern Italy, compared to that of seeds of those varieties grown in Chile and Denmark, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis of phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles, both in their free and soluble conjugated forms, showed that the main differences between Regalona grown in Chile and Italy were for the free vanillic acid and daidzein contents, while the two Titicaca samples mainly differed in quercetin derivative levels. The total phenolic index was comparable in Titicaca and Regalona, and only a slight decrease in this parameter was found in seeds of the two varieties grown in Italy. The in vitro antioxidant activity of seed extracts, evaluated by means of three different assays, indicated that it correlated with flavonol (quercetin derivative) levels. In conclusion, the results indicate that, although environmental conditions alter the polyphenolic profile and biological activities, it is possible to grow good-quality quinoa in northern Italy.
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Lin S, Agger JW, Wilkens C, Meyer AS. Feruloylated Arabinoxylan and Oligosaccharides: Chemistry, Nutritional Functions, and Options for Enzymatic Modification. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:331-354. [PMID: 33472016 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cereal brans and grain endosperm cell walls are key dietary sources of different types of arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan is the main group of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that are present in the cell walls of monocot grass crops and hence in cereal grains. The arabinoxylan polysaccharides consist of a backbone of β-(1→4)-linked xylopyranosyl residues, which carry arabinofuranosyl moieties, hence the term arabinoxylan. Moreover, the xylopyranosyl residues can be acetylated or substituted by 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid. The arabinofuranosyls may be esterified with a feruloyl group. Feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides exert beneficial bioactivities via prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and/or antioxidant effects. New knowledge on microbial enzymes that catalyze specific structural modifications of arabinoxylans can help us understand how these complex fibers are converted in the gut and provide a foundation for the production of feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from brans or other cereal grain processing sidestreams as functional food ingredients. There is a gap between the structural knowledge, bioactivity data, and enzymology insight. Our goal with this review is to present an overview of the structures and bioactivities of feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and review the enzyme reactions that catalyze specific changes in differentially substituted arabinoxylans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Lin
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Jane W Agger
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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Li J, Huang L, Yu LT, Tao G, Wang ZY, Hao WZ, Huang JQ. Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Alleviate Central Nervous Inflammation in Mice Following Spinal Cord Contusion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15490-15500. [PMID: 33170671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the empirical models of the chronic central inflammatory response, a spinal cord injury (SCI) deteriorates the neuronal survival and results in irreversible motor and sensory dysfunction below the injury area. Our previous studies have reported that maize bran feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) exert significant anti-inflammatory activities both in diabetes and colitis. However, no direct evidence of FOs alleviating central nervous inflammation was stated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of FOs on SCI and its potential mechanism. Our results indicated that 4 weeks of FO administration effectively mitigated the inflammatory response via decreasing the number of microglia (labelled with Iba1), result in the expression of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α downregulating, but the level of IL-10 and BDNF increases in the injured spinal cord. Moreover, FOs enhanced neuronal survival, ameliorated the scar cavities, and improved behaviors, including Basso mouse scale (BMS) scores and the gait of mice after SCI. Together, these results demonstrated that administration of FOs showed superior functional recovery effects in a SCI model. Also, FOs may modulate inflammatory activities by regulating the expression of proinflammatory factors, decreasing the production of inflammatory cells, and promoting functional recovery through the MAPK pathway following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ling-Tai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Gabriel Tao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston 77204, United States
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Hao
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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Srinivasan A, Aruldhas J, Perumal SS, Ekambaram SP. Phenolic acid bound arabinoxylans extracted from Little and Kodo millets modulate immune system mediators and pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13563. [PMID: 33190311 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulating effect of Phenolic acid bound arabinoxylans (PCA-AXs) extracted from Little (PCA-AX-L) and Kodo (PCA-AX-K) millet seeds in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. The PCA-AXs were extracted from millets and their chemical characterization were carried out by GC-MS, HPLC, and FT-IR. The immunomodulatory effect of PCA-AXs in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated by estimating ROS, NO, and cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and evaluation of molecular mechanism by q-PCR & western blotting techniques. The xylose: arabinose ratio of PCA-AX-L and PCA-AX-K were 1.48:1.0 and 2.26:1.0, respectively. The phenolic acids content was higher in PCA-AX-K than PCA-AX-L determined by HPLC. FT-IR analysis confirms the presence of α-glucosidic linkage with the degree of substitution of xylan backbone by arabinose residues. The evaluation of immunomodulating effect of PCA-AXs revealed that the PCA-AX-L-treated cells showed higher release of NO, ROS and cytokines than PCA-AX-K-treated cells. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 were upregulated by PCA-AX-L and downregulated by PCA-AX-K in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in western blotting, the ERK and NF-κB were found to be activated by PCA-AX-L and inhibited by PCA-AX-K. Our findings suggest that the high branched arabinoxylans of PCA-AX-L could modulate the immune response in RAW 264.7 cells through activation of ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways and acts as an immunostimulant. The higher phenolic content in PCA-AX-K could modulate the immune response by downregulation of ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways and thus, it could act as an immunomodulator. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Millets are the richest source of arabinoxylans in which they are known to be bound with phenolic acids (PCA-AX). Arabinoxylans derived from rice and wheat is known immunomodulators. This study was focused to evaluate the immunomodulatory property of PCA-AX derived from two different millets little and kodo. The study results clearly indicated the immune stimulatory action of PCA-AX-L and immunomodulatory action of PCA-AX-K. The explored mechanism indicated that the PCA-AXs modulate NF-κB & ERK pathways for their immunomodulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Jenifer Aruldhas
- Department of Bio-Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Senthamil Selvan Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Enzyme Selection and Hydrolysis under Optimal Conditions Improved Phenolic Acid Solubility, and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Wheat Bran. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100984. [PMID: 33066226 PMCID: PMC7602008 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of wheat bran (WB) into new high-value products is of great interest within the framework of sustainability and circular economy. In the present study, we utilized a multi-step approach to extract nutraceutical compounds (phenolic acids) from WB and improved its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through using sequential hydrothermal and enzymatic hydrolysis. Thirteen commercial glycosidases differing in their specific activity were screened and compared for hydrolytic efficiency to release monosaccharides, ferulic acid, and diferulic acid. Ultraflo XL was selected as the desired enzyme treatment on the basis of its higher WB solubilization, as well as its monosaccharide and phenolic acids yields. The relationships between better hydrolytic performance of Ultraflo XL and its particular activity profile were established. To determine the optimum conditions for Ultraflo XL treatment, we tested different factors (solvent pH, incubation temperature, and time) under 15 experiments. A multicomponent analysis (MCA), including central composite design, model fitness, regression coefficients, analysis of variance, 3D response curves, and desirability, was used for processing optimization. A beneficial effect of autoclave treatment on the release of phenolic compounds was also evidenced. The results of MCA showed involvement of linear, quadratic, and interactive effects of processing factors, although solvent pH was the main determinant factor, affecting enzymatic extraction of phenolics and bioactivity of hydrolysates. As compared to control WB, under optimized conditions (47 °C, pH = 4.4, and 20.8 h), WB hydrolysates showed 4.2, 1.5, 2, and 3 times higher content of ferulic acid (FA) and capacity to scavenge oxygen radicals, chelate transition metals, and inhibit monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion in macrophages, respectively. These approaches could be applied for the sustainable utilization of WB, harnessing its nutraceutical potential.
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Wang Z, Li S, Ge S, Lin S. Review of Distribution, Extraction Methods, and Health Benefits of Bound Phenolics in Food Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3330-3343. [PMID: 32092268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are important functional bioactive substances distributed in various food plants. They have gained wide interest from researchers due to their multiple health benefits. There are two forms of phenolic compounds: free form and bound form. The latter is also called bound phenolics (BPs), which are found mainly in the cell wall and distributed in various tissues/organs of the plant body. They can either chemically bind to macromolecules and food matrixes or be physically entrapped in food matrixes and intact cells. Various isolation methods, including chemical, biological, and physical methods, have been employed to extract BPs from plants. BPs have been shown to have strong biological activities, including antioxidant, probiotic, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects as well as beneficial effects on central nervous system diseases. This review summarizes research findings on these topics to help in better understanding of BPs and provide comprehensive information on their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shenghan Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kalita P. Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112736. [PMID: 31718066 PMCID: PMC6893409 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two chronic diseases that have claimed more lives globally than any other disease. Dietary supplementation of functional foods containing bioactive compounds is recognised to result in improvements in free-radical-mediated oxidative stress. Emerging evidence indicates that bioactive compounds derived from rice bran (RB) have therapeutic potential against cellular oxidative stress. This review aims to describe the mechanistic pathways behind CVD and T2DM development and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols derived from RB against these chronic diseases.
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Gong L, Wang H, Wang T, Liu Y, Wang J, Sun B. Feruloylated oligosaccharides modulate the gut microbiota in vitro via the combined actions of oligosaccharides and ferulic acid. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Xia X, Zhu L, Lei Z, Song Y, Tang F, Yin Z, Wang J, Huang J. Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9522-9531. [PMID: 31379161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets substantially conduces to disturbed intestinal immune system and succeeding colonic tissue damage in inflammatory bowel diseases. It is considered that regulation of phytochemicals on cytokine production potentially provides a broad prospect for the exploitation of immunomodulatory agents. Here, we reported that oral administration of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) effectively alleviated mice colitis disease induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). FOs decreased the percentage of T helper (Th)17 cells and downregulated the production of Th17-specific cytokines. In contrast, FOs increased the percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells and elevated the production of Treg-specific cytokines in colons of DSS-challenged mice. These results indicated that FOs restored the immunologic equilibrium of Th17 and Treg subsets, hereby ameliorating the deterioration of colitis. Furthermore, FOs diminished the secretion of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-6 but enhanced the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo, which contributed to the restoration of Th17 and Treg cells immune balance. The mechanistic analysis showed that the regulation of FOs on IL-23 and IL-6 was associated with the nuclear factor-κ-gene binding signaling pathway and TGF-β1 with mitogen-activated protein kinase-activator protein 1 signaling pathway. Taken together, oral administration of FOs exerted potent immunomodulatory effects against mice colitis via restoring the immune balance of Th17 and Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Zhiwei Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
- Department of Basic Medical Research , The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qing Yuan People's Hospital , Qingyuan , Guangdong 511518 , China
| | - Yueqi Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Fen Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Formula-pattern Research Center, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Junqing Huang
- Formula-pattern Research Center, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
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Chen X, Li L, Chan Z, Zeng R, Lin M, Lin H. One-Step Process for Environment-Friendly Preparation of Agar Oligosaccharides From Gracilaria lemaneiformis by the Action of Flammeovirga sp. OC4. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:724. [PMID: 31057495 PMCID: PMC6478668 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides extracted from agar Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) have stronger physiological activities and a higher value than agar itself, but the pollution caused by the extraction process greatly restricts the sustainable use of agar. In this study, four bacterial strains with a high ability to degrade G. lemaneiformis were isolated from seawater by in situ enrichment in the deep sea. Among them, Flammeovirga sp. OC4, identified by morphological observation and its 16S rRNA sequencing (98.07% similarity to type strain JL-4 of Flammeovirga aprica), was selected. The optimum temperature and pH of crude enzyme produced by Flammeovirga sp. OC4 were 50°C and 8, respectively. More than 60% of the maximum enzyme activity remained after storage at pH 5.0-10.0 for 60 min. Both Mn2+ and Ba2+ could enhance the enzyme activity. A "one-step process" for preparation of oligosaccharides from G. lemaneiformis was established using Flammeovirga sp. OC4. After optimization of the Plackett-Burman (PB) design and response surface methodology (RSM), the yield of oligosaccharides was increased by 36.1% from 2.71 to 3.09 g L-1 in a 250-mL fermenter with optimized parameters: 30 g L-1 G. lemaneiformis powder, 4.84 g L-1 (NH4)2SO4, 44.8-mL working medium volume at 36.7°C, and a shaking speed of 200 × g for 42 h. The extracted oligosaccharides were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and ion chromatography, which consisted of neoagarobiose, agarotriose, neoagarotetraose, agaropentaose, and neoagarohexaose. These results provided an alternative approach for environment-friendly and sustainable utilization of algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuhua Chan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Runying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Food Science Program, Division of Food System and Bioengineering, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hetong Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Immobilized feruloyl esterase from Humicola insolens catalyzes the synthesis of feruloylated oligosaccharides. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tang J, Zhen H, Wang N, Yan Q, Jing H, Jiang Z. Curdlan oligosaccharides having higher immunostimulatory activity than curdlan in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:131-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Dai Z, Lyu W, Xiang X, Tang Y, Hu B, Ou S, Zeng X. Immunomodulatory Effects of Enzymatic-Synthesized α-Galactooligosaccharides and Evaluation of the Structure-Activity Relationship. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9070-9079. [PMID: 30086236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, α-galactooligosaccharides (α-GOSs) were synthesized using galactose as the substrate and α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger as the catalyst. In the reaction, synthesized products of U1, U2, U3, and U4 were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. By mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatization, U1 was the mixture of disaccharides of α-d-Gal p-(1→1)-α-d-Gal, α-d-Gal p-(1→2)-α-d-Gal, α-d-Gal p-(1→3)-α-d-Gal, α-d-Gal p-(1→4)-α-d-Gal, U2 was identified to be α-d-Gal p-(1→6)-α-d-Gal, U3 was the mixture of galactotrisaccharides linked by one α-(1→6)-glycosidic linkage and one other α-glycosidic linkage, and U4 was identified as α-d-Gal p-(1→6)-α-d-Gal p-(1→6)-α-d-Gal. Afterward, the synthesized α-GOSs (U1, U2, U3, U4, and their mixture) as well as α-GOSs (manninotriose, stachyose, ciceritol, and verbascose) obtained from natural materials were used as subjects to evaluate their immunomodulatory effects in vitro by culturing mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that α-GOS with a higher degree of polymerization had better immunomodulatory activity, while to a certain extent, α-GOS linked with α-(1→6)-galactosidic linkage showed a better immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Farm Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyong Lyu
- Nutrition and Food Branch of China Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discuss recent research on arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat byproducts and their immunomodulatory potentials. Also, a potential receptor for arabinoxylans is proposed in relation to arabinoxylans structure.
Design/methodology/approach
This review summarises recent publications on arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat, classification of arabinoxylans, a brief background on their method of extraction and their immunomodulatory potentials as they induce pro-inflammatory response in vitro, in vivo and in humans. The mechanism of action in which arabinoxylans modulate the immune activity is yet to be discovered, However, the authors have proposed a potential receptor for arabinoxylans in relation to arabinoxylans structure and molecular weight.
Findings
The effects of arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat on the immune response was found to cause a pro-inflammatory response in vitro, in vivo and in humans. Also, the immune response depends on arabinoxylans structure, the degree of branching and origin.
Originality/value
This review paper focuses on the effects of arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat on immunomodulatory potentials in vitro, in vivo and in humans. A new mechanism of action has been proposed based on the literature and via linking between arabinoxylans and lipopolysaccharide structure, molecular weight and suggested proposed receptor, which might be activated via both of them.
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Fadel A, Mahmoud AM, Ashworth JJ, Li W, Ng YL, Plunkett A. Health-related effects and improving extractability of cereal arabinoxylans. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:819-831. [PMID: 29133103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are major dietary fibers. They are composed of backbone chains of β-(1-4)-linked xylose residues to which α-l-arabinose are linked in the second and/or third carbon positions. Recently, AXs have attracted a great deal of attention because of their biological activities such as their immunomodulatory potential. Extraction of AXs has some difficulties; therefore, various methods have been used to increase the extractability of AXs with varying degrees of success, such as alkaline, enzymatic, mechanical extraction. However, some of these treatments have been reported to be either expensive, such as enzymatic treatments, or produce hazardous wastes and are non-environmentally friendly, such as alkaline treatments. On the other hand, mechanical assisted extraction, especially extrusion cooking, is an innovative pre-treatment that has been used to increase the solubility of AXs. The aim of the current review article is to point out the health-related effects and to discuss the current research on the extraction methods of AXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmannan Fadel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition at the Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jason J Ashworth
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- Institute of Food Science & Innovation, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Lam Ng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Plunkett
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Protective effects of rice bran fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Misaki-1 and Lactobacillus plantarum Sanriki-SU8 in dextran sodium sulphate-induced inflammatory bowel disease model mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Current Hypothesis for the Relationship between Dietary Rice Bran Intake, the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090569. [PMID: 27649240 PMCID: PMC5037554 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer. The development of effective chemopreventive strategies to reduce CRC incidence is therefore of paramount importance. Over the past decade, research has indicated the potential of rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, in CRC chemoprevention. This was recently suggested to be partly attributable to modification in the composition of intestinal microbiota when rice bran was ingested. Indeed, previous studies have reported changes in the population size of certain bacterial species, or microbial dysbiosis, in the intestines of CRC patients and animal models. Rice bran intake was shown to reverse such changes through the manipulation of the population of health-promoting bacteria in the intestine. The present review first provides an overview of evidence on the link between microbial dysbiosis and CRC carcinogenesis and describes the molecular events associated with that link. Thereafter, there is a summary of current data on the effect of rice bran intake on the composition of intestinal microbiota in human and animal models. The article also highlights the need for further studies on the inter-relationship between rice bran intake, the composition of intestinal microbiota and CRC prevention.
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Vashistha B, Sharma A, Jain V. Ameliorative potential of ferulic acid in vincristine-induced painful neuropathy in rats: An evidence of behavioral and biochemical examination. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:60-70. [PMID: 25494651 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ferulic acid (FA) in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Vincristine (50 µg/kg, i.p. for 10 consecutive days) was administered to induce painful neuropathy in rats. Various pain sensitive tests, viz., pinprick, hot plate, paint-brush, and acetone test were performed on different days (1, 6, 14, and 21) to assess the degree of mechanical hyperalgesia, heat hyperalgesia, mechanical dynamic allodynia, and cold allodynia, respectively. The electrophysiological and histopathological evaluations were also investigated. The tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and total calcium were measured as the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. FA (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and gabapentin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered for 11 days. Administration of FA attenuated the vincristine-induced behavioral alteration along with electrophysiological and histopathological changes significantly (P < 0.05). FA also attenuated the vincristine-induced oxidative stress (TBARS, GSH, and total calcium levels) and inflammation (MPO, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10). It may be concluded that FA has ameliorative potential in mitigation of the painful states associated with vincristine-induced painful neuropathy that may further be attributed to anti-inflammatory actions with subsequent reduction in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Vashistha
- a Department of Pharmacology , Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University , Jaipur , Rajasthan , India
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- b Department of Dravyaguna Vigyan , National Institute of Ayurveda , Jaipur , Rajasthan , India
| | - Vivek Jain
- c Department of Pharmacy , Banasthali University , Banasthali , Rajasthan , India
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Bush JR, Liang H, Dickinson M, Botchwey EA. Xylan hemicellulose improves chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016; 27:1050-1055. [PMID: 27587941 DOI: 10.1002/pat.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hemicellulose xylan, which has immunomodulatory effects, has been combined with chitosan to form a composite hydrogel to improve the healing of bone fractures. This thermally responsive and injectable hydrogel, which is liquid at room temperature and gels at physiological temperature, improves the response of animal host tissue compared with similar pure chitosan hydrogels in tissue engineering models. The composite hydrogel was placed in a subcutaneous model where the composite hydrogel is replaced by host tissue within 1 week, much earlier than chitosan hydrogels. A tibia fracture model in mice showed that the composite encourages major remodeling of the fracture callus in less than 4 weeks. A non-union fracture model in rat femurs was used to demonstrate that the composite hydrogel allows bone regeneration and healing of defects that with no treatment are unhealed after 6 weeks. These results suggest that the xylan/chitosan composite hydrogel is a suitable bone graft substitute able to aid in the repair of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Bush
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800374, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Haixiang Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800374, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Molly Dickinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
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Ilyas U, Katare DP, Aeri V, Naseef PP. A Review on Hepatoprotective and Immunomodulatory Herbal Plants. Pharmacogn Rev 2016; 10:66-70. [PMID: 27041876 PMCID: PMC4791991 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.176544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most important organ that plays an important role in maintaining various physiological processes in the body. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. There are five main viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D, and E. These five types are of the greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death. Liver injury or liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the drug regulatory agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. Herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of liver disease for a long time. The immune system is the part of body that diagnoses the pathogen by using a specific receptor to reveal immediate response by the activation of immune components cells, chemokines, and cytokines, and also the release of the inflammatory mediator. They potentiate and modulate the immune system. The plant-derived phytoconstituents (polysaccharides, proteins and flavanoids, lignans, rotenoids, etc.) stimulate the immune system and maintained hepatic diseases. There are a number of hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory herbs that have been reported. The present review is aimed at compiling data on promising phytochemicals from hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uorakkottil Ilyas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepshikha P. Katare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Burlando B, Cornara L. Therapeutic properties of rice constituents and derivatives (Oryza sativa L.): A review update. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kothari D, Patel S, Goyal A. Therapeutic Spectrum of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides: Overview of Current State and Prospect. J Food Sci 2014; 79:R1491-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damini Kothari
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Indian Inst. of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center; San Diego State Univ; San Diego 92182 CA U.S.A
| | - Arun Goyal
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Indian Inst. of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
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Manini F, Brasca M, Plumed-Ferrer C, Morandi S, Erba D, Casiraghi MC. Study of the Chemical Changes and Evolution of Microbiota During Sourdoughlike Fermentation of Wheat Bran. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-09-13-0190-cesi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Manini
- DeFENS – Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Carme Plumed-Ferrer
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Erba
- DeFENS – Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Casiraghi
- DeFENS – Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author. Phone: +39 0250316647. Fax: +39 0250316631. E-mail:
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Lin CC, Chen HH, Chen YK, Chang HC, Lin PY, Pan IH, Chen DY, Chen CM, Lin SY. Rice bran feruloylated oligosaccharides activate dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling. Molecules 2014; 19:5325-47. [PMID: 24762969 PMCID: PMC6271473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the effects of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) of rice bran on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the potential pathway through which the effects are mediated. We found that FOs induced phenotypic maturation of DCs, as shown by the increased expression of CD40, CD80/CD86 and MHC-I/II molecules. FOs efficiently induced maturation of DCs generated from C3H/HeN or C57BL/6 mice with normal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) or TLR-2 but not DCs from mice with mutated TLR4 or TLR2. The mechanism of action of FOs may be mediated by increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and increased NF-κB activity, which are important signaling molecules downstream of TLR-4 and TLR-2. These data suggest that FOs induce DCs maturation through TLR-4 and/or TLR-2 and that FOs might have potential efficacy against tumor or virus infection or represent a candidate-adjuvant approach for application in immunotherapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.C.L.); (H.H.C.); Fax: +886-4-2359-2705 (C.C.L.); +886-6-926-0259 (H.H.C.)
| | - Hua Han Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makung City, Penghu Hsien 880, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.C.L.); (H.H.C.); Fax: +886-4-2359-2705 (C.C.L.); +886-6-926-0259 (H.H.C.)
| | - Yu Kuo Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Hung Chia Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makung City, Penghu Hsien 880, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ping Yi Lin
- Transplant Medicine & Surgery Research Centre, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chuan Mu Chen
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Su Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Science of Living, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan; E-Mail:
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Friedman M. Rice brans, rice bran oils, and rice hulls: composition, food and industrial uses, and bioactivities in humans, animals, and cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10626-10641. [PMID: 24175575 DOI: 10.1021/jf403635v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice plants produce bioactive rice brans and hulls that have been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects in cells, animals, and humans. The main objective of this review is to consolidate and integrate the widely scattered information on the composition and the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects of rice brans from different rice cultivars, rice bran oils derived from rice brans, rice hulls, liquid rice hull smoke derived from rice hulls, and some of their bioactive compounds. As part of this effort, this paper also presents brief summaries on the preparation of health-promoting foods including bread, corn flakes, frankfurters, ice cream, noodles, pasta, tortillas, and zero-trans-fat shortening as well as industrial products such bioethanol and biodiesel fuels. Also covered are antibiotic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, allelochemical, and other beneficial effects and the mechanisms of the bioactivities. The results show that food-compatible and safe formulations with desirable nutritional and biological properties can be used to develop new multifunctional foods as well as bioethanol and biodiesel fuel. The overlapping aspects are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of the described health-promoting potential of the rice-derived brans, oils, and hulls in food and medicine. Such an understanding will enhance nutrition and health and benefit the agricultural and industrial economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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