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Yu YH, Liu F, Li LQ, Jin MY, Yu X, Liu X, Li Y, Li L, Yan JK. Recent advances in dietary polysaccharides from Allium species: Preparation, characterization, and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134130. [PMID: 39053822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Allium plants, including garlic, onions, shallots, and leeks, belong to the Alliaceae family and are utilized as vegetable, medicinal, and ornamental plants. These plants are consumed both raw and cooked and are noted in traditional medicine for their antibacterial, antitumor, and diuretic properties. Allium plants are a rich source of polyphenols, organosulfur compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to their health benefits. As consumer interest in the association between diet and health grows, there is an increasing market demand for foods that promote health, particularly those rich in dietary fiber or non-starch polysaccharides. Allium polysaccharides (APS) have molecular weights of 1 × 103-1 × 106 Da containing small amounts of pectin, glucofructan, or glycoproteins and large amounts of fructans. APS, despite its complex structure, is one of the principal active components of Allium plants but is often overlooked, which restricts its practical application. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the extraction and purification, structural and functional characteristics, bioactivities, structure-function relationships, and chemical modifications of APS, as well as the effects of APS processing and storage. Additionally, this paper outlines future research directions for APS, which will inform its development and application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Yu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Long-Qing Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiangying Yu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lin Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jing-Kun Yan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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2
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Sunanta P, Rose Sommano S, Luiten CA, Ghofrani M, Sims IM, Bell TJ, Carnachan SM, Hinkley SFR, Kontogiorgos V. Fractionation and characterisation of pectin-rich extracts from garlic biomass. Food Chem 2024; 436:137697. [PMID: 37832418 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from garlic waste leaf and skin biomass have been isolated using a sequential extraction protocol and characterised using constituent sugar composition and linkage analysis, spectroscopy, chromatography and dilute solution viscometry. The results revealed that the isolated polysaccharides were predominantly pectins. The predominant monosaccharide in all samples was galacturonic acid (>61 %), followed by galactose and rhamnose. The pectins extracted from skin biomass were mainly homogalacturonan (83-91 %), whereas those extracted from leaf biomass comprised both homogalacturonan (62-65 %) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (35-38 %). The degree of methyl esterification of uronic acids in all samples was 44-56 %. The peak molecular weight of the main polysaccharide population in each sample was ∼ 350 x103 g/mol, with leaf extracts and the skin acidic extract containing a second, lower molecular weight peak. Overall, waste garlic biomass is a potential resource for commercial pectin extraction for use in food or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyachat Sunanta
- Research unit for Innovation in responsible Food production for consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Cara A Luiten
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Mahdieh Ghofrani
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Tracey J Bell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Vassilis Kontogiorgos
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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3
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Cao W, Guan S, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Mst Nushrat Y, Liu Y, Tong Y, Yu S, Hua X. The digestive behavior of pectin in human gastrointestinal tract: a review on fermentation characteristics and degradation mechanism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37665605 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2253547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is widely spread in nature and it develops an extremely complex structure in terms of monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage types, and non-glycosidic substituents. As a non-digestible polysaccharide, pectin exhibits resistance to human digestive enzymes, however, it is easily utilized by gut microbiota in the large intestine. Currently, pectin has been exploited as a novel functional component with numerous physiological benefits, and it shows a promising prospect in promoting human health. In this review, we introduce the regulatory effects of pectin on intestinal inflammation and metabolic syndromes. Subsequently, the digestive behavior of pectin in the upper gastrointestinal tract is summarized, and then it will be focused on pectin's fermentation characteristics in the large intestine. The fermentation selectivity of pectin by gut bacteria and the effects of pectin structure on intestinal microecology were discussed to highlight the interaction between pectin and bacterial community. Meanwhile, we also offer information on how gut bacteria orchestrate enzymes to degrade pectin. All of these findings provide insights into pectin digestion and advance the application of pectin in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuyi Guan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuying Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Yaxian Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yanjun Tong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuhuai Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Wang J, Qiao L, Wang R, Zhang N, Liu Y, Chen H, Sun J, Wang S, Zhang Y. Effect of Frying Process on the Flavor Variations of Allium Plants. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071371. [PMID: 37048190 PMCID: PMC10093356 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Allium plant is widely used in cuisines around the world for its characteristic flavor. The general profile of the plant changes a lot and presents quite different smells after the frying process. In this work, five Allium plants and their fried oils were compared to find out how the frying process impacts the general flavor profile. The results of sensory analysis indicated that the frying process could substantially increase the flavor acceptability of fresh Allium plants. Meanwhile, according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, fewer volatile compounds were detected in fresh Allium plants than in their fried oils. Furthermore, contents of nitrogen-containing compounds (ranging from 0.17 μg/g to 268.97 μg/g), aldehydes (ranging from 71.82 μg/g to 1164.84 μg/g), and lactones (ranging from 0 μg/g to 12.38 μg/g) increased significantly. In addition, more aroma-active substances were identified in the fried Allium oils revealed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis. Sulfur-containing compounds were the most abundant in fresh Allium plants, whereas nitrogen-containing compounds dominated in fried oils. The thermal degradation of sugars, amino acids and lipids as well as interactions between carbohydrates, proteins, and fats during the frying process were thought to be the main contributors to these variations. Therefore, this research provides a theoretical basis for the quality control of onion oil flavor and promotes the further development of the onion plant industry. Consequently, the research provided a theoretical basis for the quality control of Allium oils' flavor and promoted the further development of Allium plant industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruifang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
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5
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da Costa Borges MA, Sorigotti AR, Paschoalin RT, Júnior JAP, da Silva LHD, Dias DS, Ribeiro CA, de Araújo ES, Resende FA, da Silva Barud H. Self-Supported Biopolymeric Films Based on Onion Bulb ( Allium cepa L.): Gamma-Radiation Effects in Sterilizing Doses. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040914. [PMID: 36850198 PMCID: PMC9959648 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilization is a fundamental step to eliminate microorganisms prior to the application of products, especially in the food and medical industries. γ-irradiation is one of the most recommended and effective methods used for sterilization, but its effect on the properties and performance of bio-based polymers is negligible. This work is aimed at evaluating the influence of γ-radiation at doses of 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, and 40 kGy on the morphology, properties, and performance of bioplastic produced from onion bulb (Allium cepa L.), using two hydrothermal synthesis procedures. These procedures differ in whether the product is washed or not after bioplastic synthesis, and are referred to as the unwashed hydrothermally treated pulp (HTP) and washed hydrothermally treated pulp (W-HTP). The morphological analysis indicated that the film surfaces became progressively rougher and more irregular for doses above 25 kGy, which increases their hydrophobicity, especially for the W-HTP samples. In addition, the FTIR and XRD results indicated that irradiation changed the structural and chemical groups of the samples. There was an increase in the crystallinity index and a predominance of the interaction of radiation with the hydroxyl groups-more susceptible to the oxidative effect-besides the cleavage of chemical bonds depending on the γ-radiation dose. The presence of soluble carbohydrates influenced the mechanical behavior of the samples, in which HTP is more ductile than W-HTP, but γ-radiation did not cause a change in mechanical properties proportionally to the dose. For W-HTP, films there was no mutagenicity or cytotoxicity-even after γ-irradiation at higher doses. In conclusion, the properties of onion-based films varied significantly with the γ-radiation dose. The films were also affected differently by radiation, depending on their chemical composition and the change induced by washing, which influences their use in food packaging or biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio da Costa Borges
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rinaldi Sorigotti
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Takehara Paschoalin
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
| | - José Alberto Paris Júnior
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique Domingos da Silva
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
| | | | - Clóvis Augusto Ribeiro
- Chemistry Institute (IQ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Elmo Silvano de Araújo
- Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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6
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Bacalzo N, Couture G, Chen Y, Castillo JJ, Phillips KM, Fukagawa NK, Lebrilla CB. Quantitative Bottom-Up Glycomic Analysis of Polysaccharides in Food Matrices Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1008-1015. [PMID: 36542787 PMCID: PMC9850401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules in nature, and specifically, polysaccharides are present in almost all plants and fungi. Due to their compositional diversity, polysaccharide analysis remains challenging. Compared to other biomolecules, high-throughput analysis for carbohydrates has yet to be developed. To address this gap in analytical science, we have developed a multiplexed, high-throughput, and quantitative approach for polysaccharide analysis in foods. Specifically, polysaccharides were depolymerized using a nonenzymatic chemical digestion process followed by oligosaccharide fingerprinting using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). Both label-free relative quantitation and absolute quantitation were done based on the abundances of oligosaccharides produced. Method validation included evaluating recovery for a range of polysaccharide standards and a breakfast cereal standard reference material. Nine polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, β-glucan, mannan, galactan, arabinan, xylan, xyloglucan, chitin) were successfully quantitated with sufficient accuracy (5-25% bias) and high reproducibility (2-15% CV). Additionally, the method was used to identify and quantitate polysaccharides from a diverse sample set of food samples. Absolute concentrations of nine polysaccharides from apples and onions were obtained using an external calibration curve, where varietal differences were observed in some of the samples. The methodology developed in this study will provide complementary polysaccharide-level information to deepen our understanding of the interactions of dietary polysaccharides, gut microbial community, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita
P. Bacalzo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Garret Couture
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ye Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Juan J. Castillo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | | | - Naomi K. Fukagawa
- Beltsville
Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Teka N, Lazreg H, Horchani M, Rihouey C, Le Cerf D, Ben Jannet H, Majdoub H. Characterization, α-Amylase Inhibition and In Silico Docking Study of Polysaccharides Extracted from Rosy Garlic (Allium roseum) Bulbs. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Kumari N, Kumar M, Radha, Lorenzo JM, Sharma D, Puri S, Pundir A, Dhumal S, Bhuyan DJ, Jayanthy G, Selim S, Abdel-Wahab BA, Chandran D, Anitha T, Deshmukh VP, Pandiselvam R, Dey A, Senapathy M, Rajalingam S, Mohankumar P, Kennedy JF. Onion and garlic polysaccharides: A review on extraction, characterization, bioactivity, and modifications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1047-1061. [PMID: 35914557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allium cepa (onion) and Allium sativum (garlic) are important members of the Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae) family and are being used both as food and medicine for centuries in different parts of the world. Polysaccharides have been extracted from different parts of onion and garlic such as bulb, straw and cell wall. The current literature portrays several studies on the extraction of polysaccharides from onion and garlic, their modification and determination of their structural (molecular weight, monosaccharide unit and their arrangement, type and position of glycosidic bond or linkage, degree of polymerization, chain conformation) and functional properties (emulsifying property, moisture retention, hygroscopicity, thermal stability, foaming ability, fat-binding capacity). In this line, this review, summarizes the various extraction techniques used for polysaccharides from onion and garlic, involving methods like solvent extraction method. Furthermore, the antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of onion and garlic polysaccharides as reported in in vivo and in vitro studies is also critically assessed in this review. Different studies have proved onion and garlic polysaccharides as potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory agent. Studies have implemented to improve the functionality of onion and garlic polysaccharides through various modification approaches. Further studies are warranted for utilizing onion and garlic polysaccharides in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India.
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ashok Pundir
- School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - G Jayanthy
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, India
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 7111, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Anitha
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - Vishal P Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala 671124, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, SNNPR, Ethiopia
| | - Sureshkumar Rajalingam
- Department of Agronomy, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pran Mohankumar
- School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
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9
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Karboune S, Davis EJ, Fliss I, Spadoni Andreani E. In-vitro digestion and fermentation of cranberry extracts rich in cell wall oligo/polysaccharides. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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10
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Yan JK, Zhu J, Liu Y, Chen X, Wang W, Zhang H, Li L. Recent advances in research on Allium plants: functional ingredients, physiological activities, and applications in agricultural and food sciences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8107-8135. [PMID: 35343832 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (FVs) have long been a major source of nutrients and dietary phytochemicals with outstanding physiological properties that are essential for protecting humans from chronic diseases. Moreover, the growing demand of consumers for nutritious and healthy foods is greatly promoting the increased intake of FVs. Allium (Alliaceae) is a perennial bulb plant genus of the Liliaceae family. They are customarily utilized as vegetable, medicinal, and ornamental plants and have an important role in agriculture, aquaculture, and the pharmaceutical industry. Allium plants produce abundant secondary metabolites, such as organosulfur compounds, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Accordingly, Allium plants possess a variety of nutritional, biological, and health-promoting properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, immunoregulatory, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review aims to highlight the advances in the research on the bioactive components, physiological activities and clinical trials, toxicological assessment for safety, and applications of different Allium plants. It also aims to cover the direction of future research on the Allium genus. This review is expected to provide theoretical reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of Allium plants in the fields of functional foods, medicine, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
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11
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Van Audenhove J, Bernaerts T, Putri NI, Okello EO, Van Rooy L, Van Loey AM, Hendrickx ME. Microstructural and Texturizing Properties of Partially Pectin-Depleted Cell Wall Material: The Role of Botanical Origin and High-Pressure Homogenization. Foods 2021; 10:2644. [PMID: 34828925 PMCID: PMC8621128 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the texturizing properties of partially pectin-depleted cell wall material (CWM) of apple, carrot, onion and pumpkin, and the potential of functionalization by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) were addressed. This partially pectin-depleted CWM was obtained as the unextractable fraction after acid pectin extraction (AcUF) on the alcohol-insoluble residue. Chemical analysis was performed to gain insight into the polysaccharide composition of the AcUF. The microstructural and functional properties of the AcUF in suspension were studied before HPH and after HPH at 20 and 80 MPa. Before HPH, even after the pectin extraction, the particles showed a cell-like morphology and occurred separately in the apple, onion and pumpkin AcUF and in a clustered manner in the carrot AcUF. The extent of disruption by the HPH treatments at 20 and 80 MPa was dependent on the botanical origin. Only for the onion and pumpkin AcUF, the water binding capacity was increased by HPH. Before HPH, the texturizing potential of the AcUFs was greatly varying between the different matrices. Whereas HPH improved the texturizing potential of the pumpkin AcUF, no effect and even a decrease was observed for the onion AcUF and the apple and carrot AcUF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Van Audenhove
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, P.O. Box 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (N.I.P.); (E.O.O.); (L.V.R.); (A.M.V.L.); (M.E.H.)
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12
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Xu H, Wang Y, Ding S, Zhou H, Jiang L, Wang R. Effect of hydrothermal-calcium chloride treatment on pectin characteristics and related quality in green peppers during storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:3712-3724. [PMID: 34471295 PMCID: PMC8357889 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of hydrothermal (HT)-calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment on pectin characteristics and related quality in green peppers during storage were assessed. The results showed that the changes of physicochemical quality in all green peppers were similar during storage. Weight loss percentage increased, firmness, the content of free water and bound water decreased during storage. Water-soluble pectin (WSP) notably increased, but sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (SSP) and chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) decreased. Galacturonic acid (GalUA), rhamnose (Rha), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) were the crucial compositions in the backbone and branched chains of pectin in green peppers. Rha and Gal increased, but Ara decreased in pectin after storage. The changes in the ratio of Rha/GalUA, Ara/Gal, and (Gal + Ara)/Rha represented that the backbone and branched chains of pectin in green peppers depolymerized to some extent after storage. Comparing with other green peppers, HT-CaCl2 treated green peppers posed lower weight loss percentage and WSP content, higher firmness, the content of free water, bound water, SSP, and CSP during storage. Otherwise, most pectin compositions in HT-CaCl2 treated green peppers showed high molar ratio after storage. Hence, HT-CaCl2 treatment was an effective way to retain pectin characteristics and related quality of green peppers, and further inhibited the softening of green peppers during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yingrui Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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13
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Neckebroeck B, Verkempinck S, Bernaerts T, Verheyen D, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Investigating the role of the different molar mass fractions of a pectin rich extract from onion towards its emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing potential. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Rajendran NS, Harikumaran Thampi BS. Pectin—Extraction from underground stem of banana and its structural, rheological, and textural analyses and grading. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Rajendran
- Department of Life Sciences University of Calicut Calicut India
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Neckebroeck B, Verkempinck SHE, Van Audenhove J, Bernaerts T, de Wilde d'Estmael H, Hendrickx ME, Van Loey AM. Structural and emulsion stabilizing properties of pectin rich extracts obtained from different botanical sources. Food Res Int 2020; 141:110087. [PMID: 33641966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presented research studied the emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing capacity of pectin samples isolated from different plant origin: apple, carrot, onion and tomato. The acid extracted pectin samples showed distinct structural properties. Specifically, apple pectin showed a high degree of methylesterification (78.41 ± 0.83%), carrot pectin had the lowest concentration of other co-eluted cell wall polymers, onion pectin displayed a bimodal molar mass distribution suggesting two polymer fractions with different molar mass and tomato pectin was characterized by a high protein content (16.48 ± 0.05%). The evaluation of the emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing potential of the pectin samples included investigating their ability to lower the interfacial tension next to a storage stability study of pectin stabilized o/w emulsions. Creaming behavior as well as the evolution of the oil droplet size were thoroughly examined during storage using multiple analytical techniques. Overall, smaller oil droplet sizes were obtained at pH 2.5 compared to pH 6.0 indicating better emulsifying capacity at lower pH. The lowest emulsion stability was observed in emulsions formulated with tomato pectin in which weak flocculation and relatively fast creaming affected emulsion stability. Onion pectin clearly showed the most promising emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing potential. At both pH conditions, emulsions stabilized by the onion pectin sample displayed highly stable oil droplet sizes during the whole storage period. The presence of the two polymer fractions in this sample can play an important role in the observed stability. In future work, it could be evaluated if both fractions contribute to emulsion stability in a synergistic way. In conclusion, this work showed that pectin samples extracted from different plant origin display diverse structural properties resulting in varying emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing potential. Polymer molar mass potentially plays a major role in the structure-function relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Neckebroeck
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - S H E Verkempinck
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Van Audenhove
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Bernaerts
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H de Wilde d'Estmael
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M E Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A M Van Loey
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Pectin–glycerol gel beads: Preparation, characterization and swelling behaviour. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 238:116166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Isolation, purification, structural characteristic and antioxidative property of polysaccharides from A. cepa L. var. agrogatum Don. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Wu D, Zheng J, Mao G, Hu W, Ye X, Linhardt RJ, Chen S. Rethinking the impact of RG-I mainly from fruits and vegetables on dietary health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2938-2960. [PMID: 31607142 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1672037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) pectin is composed of backbone of repeating disaccharide units →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and neutral sugar side-chains mainly consisting of arabinose and galactose having variable types of linkages. However, since traditional pectin extraction methods damages the RG-I structure, the characteristics and health effects of RG-I remains unclear. Recently, many studies have focused on RG-I, which is often more active than the homogalacturonan (HG) portion of pectic polysaccharides. In food products, RG-I is common to fruits and vegetables and possesses many health benefits. This timely and comprehensive review describes the many different facets of RG-I, including its dietary sources, history, metabolism and potential functionalities, all of which have been compiled to establish a platform for taking full advantage of the functional value of RG-I pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guizhu Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Corrêa-Ferreira ML, Viudes EB, de Magalhães PM, Paixão de Santana Filho A, Sassaki GL, Pacheco AC, de Oliveira Petkowicz CL. Changes in the composition and structure of cell wall polysaccharides from Artemisia annua in response to salt stress. Carbohydr Res 2019; 483:107753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Zhang N, Sun B, Mao X, Chen H, Zhang Y. Flavor formation in frying process of green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) deep-fried oil. Food Res Int 2019; 121:296-306. [PMID: 31108752 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fried allium oil has been widely used in traditional Chinese home cooking and recently has grown in popularity in the food manufacturing industry. Thus, physical and chemical changes during frying process were measured to investigate the flavor formation mechanism in green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) deep-fried oil. With the increase of the oil temperature, important variations took place when the temperature rose above 140 °C during the whole frying process. A detailed study of these changes was made from both macro and micro aspects. From a macro perspective, sensory attributes including burnt, fried, oily, cooked vegetable and salty were strengthened. Meanwhile, the reference points of the oil samples on the fingerprint chart were distinguishable from others by electronic nose. In addition, contents of furans and furanones, sulfur-containing compounds, aldehydes and alcohols increased sharply according to SAFE-GC-MS analysis from a microscopic point of view, and contents of unsaturated fatty acids dropped remarkably while the saturated ones increased. These changes were considered to be caused by interactions between carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the deep-fried system and thermo degradations of sugars, amino acids and fats. The results indicated that the stage, when frying at temperatures ranging from 140 °C to 165 °C, was the most significant period for the flavor formation of the deep-fried oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry,Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry,Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry,Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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21
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Gao Y, Peng B, Xu Y, Yang JN, Song LY, Bi SX, Chen Y, Zhu JH, Wen Y, Yu RM. Structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of a new polysaccharide from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6603-6612. [PMID: 35518453 PMCID: PMC9061120 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (CMSPA90-1) was purified from bergamot by DEAE sepharose fast flow and Sephadex G-75 columns, and was shown to have a molecular weight of 17.6 kDa. Its chemical structure was elucidated by acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis, along with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopies, the Congo red test, and circular dichroism. CMSPA90-1 consisted of a pyranoside and funanside with branches containing α- and β-configurations simultaneously. Arabinose and glucose might form an arabinoglucan backbone. The ultrastructure of CMSPA90-1 was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that CMSPA90-1 had good thermal stability. The results of DPPH˙ and ABTS+˙ radical scavenging assays indicated that CMSPA90-1 exhibited free-radical-scavenging properties. Otherwise, CMSPA90-1 could promote the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and the neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, which indicated that CMSPA90-1 could be researched and developed as one of the potential functional foods or natural medicines. A new homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (CMSPA90-1) was purified from bergamot by DEAE sepharose fast flow and Sephadex G-75 columns, and was shown to have a molecular weight of 17.6 kDa.![]()
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Structure characterization of the mannofucogalactan isolated from fruit bodies of Quinine conk Fomitopsis officinalis. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:161-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Han K, Jin C, Chen H, Wang P, Yu M, Ding K. Structural characterization and anti-A549 lung cancer cells bioactivity of a polysaccharide from Houttuynia cordata. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:288-296. [PMID: 30114425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble pectic polysaccharide HCA4S1 was isolated from Houttuynia cordata and purified by DEAE Cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 column. HCA4S1 with an average molecular weight of 21.7 kDa mainly consisted of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. By using partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and NMR spectra, the structure of this polysaccharide is found to have a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked α‑d‑GalA and 1,2,4-linked α‑l‑Rha. The latter was substituted at C-4 position by 1,4 linked, 1,6-linked β‑Galp, or Teminal linked β‑Gal. Bioactivity test showed that this polysaccharide might inhibit the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cell by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The expression of cleaved caspase 3 and cyclinB1 was observed to be upregulated after the treatment with this polysaccharide. Collectively, these results suggest that the pectin HCA4S1 from Houttuynia cordata is of potential value in the treatment of lung cancer, though the underlying mechanisms remain to be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ma YL, Zhu DY, Thakur K, Wang CH, Wang H, Ren YF, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from onion (Allium cepa L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Bahram-Parvar M, Lim LT. Fresh-Cut Onion: A Review on Processing, Health Benefits, and Shelf-Life. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:290-308. [PMID: 33350082 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ready-to-eat produce market has grown rapidly because of the health benefits and convenience associated with these products. Onion is widely used as an ingredient in an extensive range of recipes from breakfast to dinner and in nearly every ethnic cuisine. However, cutting/chopping of onion is a nuisance to many consumers due to the lachrymatory properties of the volatiles generated that bring tears to eyes and leave a distinct odor on hands. As a result, there is now an increasing demand for fresh-cut, value-added, and ready-to-eat onion in households, as well as large-scale uses in retail, food service, and various food industries, mainly due to the end-use convenience. Despite these benefits, fresh-cut onion products present considerable challenges due to tissue damage, resulting in chemical and physiological reactions that limit product shelf-life. Intensive discoloration, microbial growth, softening, and off-odor are the typical deteriorations that need to be controlled through the application of suitable preservation methods. This article reviews the literature related to the fresh-cut onion, focusing on its constituents, nutritional and health benefits, production methods, quality changes throughout storage, and technologies available to increase product shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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26
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Resendez A, Halim MA, Singh J, Webb DL, Singaram B. Boronic acid recognition of non-interacting carbohydrates for biomedical applications: increasing fluorescence signals of minimally interacting aldoses and sucralose. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9727-9733. [PMID: 29130464 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01893b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To address carbohydrates that are commonly used in biomedical applications with low binding affinities for boronic acid based detection systems, two chemical modification methods were utilized to increase sensitivity. Modified carbohydrates were analyzed using a two component fluorescent probe based on boronic acid-appended viologen-HPTS (4,4'-o-BBV). Carbohydrates normally giving poor signals (fucose, l-rhamnose, xylose) were subjected to sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction in ambient conditions for 1 h yielding the corresponding sugar alcohols from fucose, l-rhamnose and xylose in essentially quantitative yields. Compared to original aldoses, apparent binding affinities were increased 4-25-fold. The chlorinated sweetener and colon permeability marker sucralose (Splenda), otherwise undetectable by boronic acids, was dechlorinated to a detectable derivative by reactive oxygen and hydroxide intermediates by the Fenton reaction or by H2O2 and UV light. This method is specific to sucralose as other common sugars, such as sucrose, do not contain any carbon-chlorine bonds. Significant fluorescence response was obtained for chemically modified sucralose with the 4,4'-o-BBV-HPTS probe system. This proof of principle can be applied to biomedical applications, such as gut permeability, malabsorption, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Resendez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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27
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Corrêa-Ferreira ML, Ferreira DM, Dallazen JL, Silva AMS, Werner MFDP, Petkowicz CLDO. Gastroprotective effects and structural characterization of a pectic fraction isolated from Artemisia campestris subsp maritima. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:2395-2403. [PMID: 29056466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical structure and biological activity of a pectic fraction isolated from the aerial parts of A. campestris L. subsp. maritima Arcangeli. The chemical and spectroscopic analyses of the pectic fraction (ACP-E10) demonstrated that ACP-E10 was composed of homogalacturonan (HG) (60%) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) (29%) regions. Side chains of the RG-I included mainly branched arabinans and type II arabinogalactans (AG-II). The molar mass of ACP-E10 determined by HPSEC-MALLS was 16,600g/mol. ACP-E10 was evaluated for its gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Oral pretreatment of animals with ACP-E10 (0.3, 3 and 30mg/kg) significantly reduced gastric lesions by 77±7.9%, 55±11.1% and 65±11.8%. ACP-E10 also maintained mucus and glutathione (GSH) contents in the gastric mucosa. In addition, ACP-E10 demonstrated antioxidant activity in vitro by the DPPH assay. These results demonstrated that the pectin from A. campestris had significant gastroprotective effects in vivo, which were likely attributable to their capacity to increase the protective defenses of gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Kim HM, Song Y, Wi SG, Bae HJ. Production of D -tagatose and bioethanol from onion waste by an intergrating bioprocess. J Biotechnol 2017; 260:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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do Nascimento GE, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LMC. New findings on green sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) pectins: Rhamnogalacturonan and type I and II arabinogalactans. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:292-299. [PMID: 28578966 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides were extracted from sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) with hot water and named ANW (9% yield). Starch was precipitated by freeze-thaw treatment, while pectic polysaccharides (8% yield) remained soluble and consisted of GalA (67.0%), Rha (1.6%), Ara (6.4%), Xyl (0.3%), Gal (6.7%) and Glc (4.4%). A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan (HG, degree of methylesterification of 85% and degree of acetylation of 5%), and type I and type II arabinogalactans (AG-I and AG-II) were observed in NMR analyses. These were fractionated with Fehling's solution to give HG (5.5% yield) and AG fractions (0.6% yield). AG-I and AG-II were further separated by ultrafiltration. AG-II (0.2% yield) consisted of Ara (17.1%), Gal (36.0%), Rha (5.6%) and GalA (12.0%), had a molecular weight of 5.3×104g/mol and methylation and 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses showed that it was anchored in type I rhamnogalacturonan. This is the first study that reports the presence of AG-I and AG-II in sweet pepper fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Erdmann do Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucimara M C Cordeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Chen Y, Li XH, Zhou LY, Li W, Liu L, Wang DD, Zhang WN, Hussain S, Tian XH, Lu YM. Structural elucidation of three antioxidative polysaccharides from Tricholoma lobayense. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:484-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ponomareva SA, Golovchenko VV, Patova OA, Vanchikova EV, Ovodov YS. [Comparative Analysis of Spectrophotometric Methods of the Protein Measurement in the Pectic Polysaccharide Samples]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:154-61. [PMID: 26165122 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For the assay to reliability of determination of the protein content in the pectic polysaccharide samples by absorbance in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum a comparison of the eleven techniques called Flores, Lovry, Bradford, Sedmak, Rueman (ninhydrin reaction) methods, the method of ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the method Benedict's reagent, the method Nessler's reagent, the method with amide black, the bicinchoninic reagent and the biuret method was carried out. The data obtained show that insufficient sensitivity of the seven methods from the listed techniques doesn't allow their usage for determination of protein content in pectic polysaccharide samples. But the Lowry, Bradford, Sedmak methods, and the method Nessler's reagent may be used for determination of protein content in pectic polysaccharide samples, and the Bradford method is advisable for protein contaminants content determination in pectic polysaccharide samples in case protein content is less than 15%, and the Lowry method--for samples is more than 15%.
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Jing Y, Zhu J, Liu T, Bi S, Hu X, Chen Z, Song L, Lv W, Yu R. Structural characterization and biological activities of a novel polysaccharide from cultured Cordyceps militaris and its sulfated derivative. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3464-3471. [PMID: 25785351 DOI: 10.1021/jf505915t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide (CMPA90-1; compound 1) was isolated from the cultured fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. The chemical structure of compound 1 was elucidated by acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and methylation analysis, along with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and one-dimensional [(1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] and two-dimensional NMR (heteronuclear single-quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation). Sulfation of compound 1 by the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine (CSA-Pyr) method led to synthesis of its sulfated analogue (CMPA90-M1; compound 2). The ultrastructures of both compounds 1 and 2 were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results of antioxidant assays showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited free-radical-scavenging effects, ferrous-ion-chelating ability, and reducing power. Also, in the cytotoxicity assay, compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory activity against A549 cells, with IC50 values of 39.08 and 17.33 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- ‡College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Wen XY, Kan J, Jin CH. Structural characterization of two water-soluble polysaccharides from black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:225-34. [PMID: 25494923 DOI: 10.1021/jf505172m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Black soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) have been widely used as a health food and medicinal herb in oriental medicine. In the present study, the chemical structures of two water-soluble polysaccharides (black soybean polysaccharide 1 (BSPS-1) and black soybean polysaccharide 3 (BSPS-3)) isolated from black soybeans were characterized by high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), methylation analysis, and 1D (1H, 13C) and 2D (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, NOESY, and HMBC) NMR spectra. The molecular weights of BSPS-1 and BSPS-3 were 1.95 × 105 and 1.88 × 105 Da, respectively. Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicate that BSPS-1 is composed of 1,6-α-d-glucopyranosyl residues. By contrast, BSPS-3 is mainly composed of a 1,3-β-d-galactopyranosyl residue backbone with side chains substituted at the O-6 position consisting of large content of T-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues, and small contents of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, and 4-O-Me-β-d-GlcAp-(1→ residues. Our results suggest that BSPS-1 is a linear (1→6)-α-d-glucan, whereas BSPS-3 is a type II arabinogalactan. The unique structures of BSPS-1 and BSPS-3 indicate that they might have wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Wang L, Hu X, Bi S, Tu W, Jing Y, Song L, Lv W, Yu R. A novel polysaccharide isolated from Litchi chinensis by using a simulated gastric medium and its immunomodulatory activity. Drug Discov Ther 2015; 9:107-15. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Wang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University
| | - Xianjing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University
| | - Sixue Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University
| | - Wensong Tu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University
| | - Yongshuai Jing
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University
| | - Wenjie Lv
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University
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Structural characterization and gastroprotective property of a novel glucofructan from Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum. Carbohydr Res 2014; 402:44-9. [PMID: 25498008 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide with an estimated weight-average molar mass of 2.6×10(3) was isolated from Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum by hot water extraction, and purified by Sephacryl S-300 HR high-resolution chromatography. It was composed of D-fructose and D-glucose in 10:6 molar ratio, respectively. The structure of the glucofructan was investigated by chemical and spectroscopic methods, including methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS). The results permitted the structure of the glucofructan to be written as α-D-Glcp-(1→1)-β-D-Fruf-(2→1)-{[α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Fruf-(2→6)]-β-D-Fruf-(2→1)}4-β-D-Fruf-(2↔1)-α-D-Glcp. Results of the present study indicated that this new glucofructan exhibited significant gastroprotective property, using in vivo experimental models.
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A new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Popov SV, Ovodova RG, Golovchenko VV, Khramova DS, Markov PA, Smirnov VV, Shashkov AS, Ovodov YS. Pectic polysaccharides of the fresh plum Prunus domestica L. isolated with a simulated gastric fluid and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2013; 143:106-13. [PMID: 24054219 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pectic polysaccharide, designated as PD, was extracted from fresh plums (Prunus domestica L.) with a simulated gastric fluid. Galacturonan, which was partially substituted with methyl and O-acetyl ester groups, and rhamnogalacturonan were the main constituents of the linear regions of the sugar chains of PD. The ramified region contained mainly 1,4-linked β-d-galactopyranose residues and, to a lesser extent, 1,5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose residues. The separation of PD, by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, yielded two pectic fractions: PD-1 and PD-2, eluted with 0.1 and 0.2 M NaCl, respectively. Enzymatic digestion of PD with 1,4-α-d-polygalacturonase yielded the fraction PD-E. The parent pectin PD and the PD-1 fraction were found to diminish the adhesion of peritoneal leukocytes at the concentrations of 0.05-1.0mg/ml. However, the PD-E fraction failed to have an effect on cell adhesion at the concentrations of 0.05-0.1mg/ml. PD, PD-1 and PD-E were found to inhibit the production of superoxide anion radicals by reducing xanthine oxidase activity by 38%, 97% and 47%, respectively. Therefore, the PD-1 fraction appeared to be an active fragment of pectic macromolecule isolated from fresh plum with a simulated gastric fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Popov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
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Patra P, Sen IK, Bhanja SK, Nandi AK, Samanta S, Das D, Devi KSP, Maiti TK, Islam SS. Pectic polysaccharide from immature onion stick (Allium cepa): Structural and immunological investigation. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:345-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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