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Guan ZJ, Zheng M, Tang ZX, Wei W, Stewart CN. Proteomic Analysis of Bt cry1Ac Transgenic Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2319. [PMID: 37375944 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important cash crop, but transgenic oilseed rape has not been grown on a commercial scale in China. It is necessary to analyze the characteristics of transgenic oilseed rape before commercial cultivation. In our study, differential expression of total protein from the leaves in two transgenic lines of oilseed rape expressing foreign Bt Cry1Ac insecticidal toxin and their non-transgenic parent plant was analyzed using a proteomic approach. Only shared changes in both of the two transgenic lines were calculated. Fourteen differential protein spots were analyzed and identified, namely, eleven upregulated expressed protein spots and three downregulated protein spots. These proteins are involved in photosynthesis, transporter function, metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell growth and differentiation. The changes of these protein spots in transgenic oilseed rape may be attributable to the insertion of the foreign transgenes. However, the transgenic manipulation might not necessarily cause significant change in proteomes of the oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Guan
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Climate Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Climate Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Hotel Management, Linyi Technician Institute, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Zhi-Xi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Climate Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Climate Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences and Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, 2505 EJ Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4561, USA
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Ren Z, Qin L, Chen L, Xu H, Liu H, Guo H, Li J, Yang C, Hu H, Wu R, Zhou Y, Xue K, Liu B, Wang X. Spatial Lipidomics of EPSPS and PAT Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Soybean Seeds Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37318082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant soybeans are among the most widely planted transgenic crops. The in situ evaluation of spatial lipidomics in transgenic and non-transgenic soybeans is important for directly assessing the unintended effects of exogenous gene introduction. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI)-based non-targeted analytical strategies were used for the first time for in situ detection and imaging of endogenous lipid distributions in transgenic (EPSPS and PAT genes) herbicide-resistant soybean (Glycine max Merrill) (S4003.14) and non-transgenic soybean (JACK) seeds. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in lipids between S4003.14 and JACK seeds. The variable importance of projection analysis further revealed that 18 identified lipids, including six phosphatidylcholines (PCs), four phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), five triacylglycerols (TAGs), and three cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerols (CDP-DAGs), had the strongest differential expression between S4003.14 and JACK seeds. Among those, the upregulated expressions of PC(P-36:1), PC(36:2), PC(P-36:0), PC(37:5), PE(40:2), TAG(52:1), TAG(55:5), and CDP-DAG(37:2) and the downregulated expressions of PC (36:1), TAG(43:0), and three PEs (i.e., PE(P-38:1), PE(P-38:0), and PE(P-40:3)) were successfully found in the S4003.14 seeds, compared to these lipids detected in the JACK seeds. Meanwhile, the lipids of PC (44:8), CDP-DAG(38:0), and CDP-DAG(42:0) were uniquely detected in the S4003.14 soybean seeds, and TAG(45:2) and TAG(57:10) were detected as the unique lipids in the JACK seeds. The heterogeneous distribution of these lipids in the soybean seeds was also clearly visualized using MALDI-MSI. MSI results showed that lipid expression was significantly up/downregulated in S4003.14 seeds, compared to that in JACK seeds. This study improves our understanding of the unintended effects of herbicide-resistant EPSPS and PAT gene transfers on spatial lipidomes in soybean seeds and enables the continued progression of MALDI-MSI as an emerging, reliable, and rapid molecular imaging tool for evaluating unintended effects in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Ren
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hualei Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
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Proteomic Advances in Cereal and Vegetable Crops. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164924. [PMID: 34443513 PMCID: PMC8401599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of vegetables in human nutrition, such as cereals, which in many cases represent the main source of daily energy for humans, added to the impact that the incessant increase in demographic pressure has on the demand for these plant foods, entails the search for new technologies that can alleviate this pressure on markets while reducing the carbon footprint of related activities. Plant proteomics arises as a response to these problems, and through research and the application of new technologies, it attempts to enhance areas of food science that are fundamental for the optimization of processes. This review aims to present the different approaches and tools of proteomics in the investigation of new methods for the development of vegetable crops. In the last two decades, different studies in the control of the quality of crops have reported very interesting results that can help us to verify parameters as important as food safety, the authenticity of the products, or the increase in the yield by early detection of diseases. A strategic plan that encourages the incorporation of these new methods into the industry will be essential to promote the use of proteomics and all the advantages it offers in the optimization of processes and the solution of problems.
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Liu Q, Yang X, Tzin V, Peng Y, Romeis J, Li Y. Plant breeding involving genetic engineering does not result in unacceptable unintended effects in rice relative to conventional cross-breeding. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2236-2249. [PMID: 32593184 PMCID: PMC7540705 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in -omics techniques provide powerful tools to assess the potential effects in composition of a plant at the RNA, protein and metabolite levels. These technologies can thus be deployed to assess whether genetic engineering (GE) causes changes in plants that go beyond the changes introduced by conventional plant breeding. Here, we compare the extent of transcriptome and metabolome modification occurring in leaves of four GE rice lines expressing Bacillus thuringiensis genes developed by GE and seven rice lines developed by conventional cross-breeding. The results showed that both types of crop breeding methods can bring changes at transcriptomic and metabolic levels, but the differences were comparable between the two methods, and were less than those between conventional non-GE lines were. Metabolome profiling analysis found several new metabolites in GE rice lines when compared with the closest non-GE parental lines, but these compounds were also found in several of the conventionally bred rice lines. Functional analyses suggest that the differentially expressed genes and metabolites caused by both GE and conventional cross-breeding do not involve detrimental metabolic pathways. The study successfully employed RNA-sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology to assess the unintended changes in new rice varieties, and the results suggest that GE does not cause unintended effects that go beyond conventional cross-breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
- College of Life SciencesXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang464000People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of DrylandsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen‐Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreseht Ben Gurion8499000Israel
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
| | - Jörg Romeis
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and EnvironmentZurich8046Switzerland
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
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Safaei P, Aghaee EM, Khaniki GJ, Afshari SAK, Rezaie S. A simple and accurate PCR method for detection of genetically modified rice. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:847-851. [PMID: 32030158 PMCID: PMC6985394 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legislation regulating for labeling and use of genetically modified (GM) crops are increased considerably worldwide in order to health and safety assurance of consumers. For this purpose, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been developed for detection of GM rice in people's food diet. METHODS In this study, eighty-one non-labeled rice samples were collected randomly from different market sites of Tehran, Iran. In order to analysis, rice genomic DNA was extracted using MBST DNA extraction kit and subsequently, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene was used to confirm the quality of extracted DNA. Then, cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and Agrobacterium nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator were selected as screening targets for detection of GM rice sequences by PCR. RESULTS According to our results, 2 out of 81 (2.4%) samples tested were positive for CaMV 35S promoter while no positive result was detected for NOS terminator. CONCLUSION The obtained data indicated that this method is capable to identify the GM rice varieties. Furthermore, it can demonstrate the possibility of the presence of GM rice in Tehran's market, thus putting emphasis on the requirement for developing a precise approach to evaluate this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Safaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee Aghaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Agha Kuchak Afshari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mishra P, Singh S, Rathinam M, Nandiganti M, Ram Kumar N, Thangaraj A, Thimmegowda V, Krishnan V, Mishra V, Jain N, Rai V, Pattanayak D, Sreevathsa R. Comparative Proteomic and Nutritional Composition Analysis of Independent Transgenic Pigeon Pea Seeds Harboring cry1AcF and cry2Aa Genes and Their Nontransgenic Counterparts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1395-1400. [PMID: 28114755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessment of genetically modified plants is an important aspect prior to deregulation. Demonstration of substantial equivalence of the transgenics compared to their nontransgenic counterparts can be performed using different techniques at various molecular levels. The present study is a first-ever comprehensive evaluation of pigeon pea transgenics harboring two independent cry genes, cry2Aa and cry1AcF. The absence of unintended effects in the transgenic seed components was demonstrated by proteome and nutritional composition profiling. Analysis revealed that no significant differences were found in the various nutritional compositional analyses performed. Additionally, 2-DGE-based proteome analysis of the transgenic and nontransgenic seed protein revealed that there were no major changes in the protein profile, although a minor fold change in the expression of a few proteins was observed. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated that neither the integration of T-DNA nor the expression of the cry genes resulted in the production of unintended effects in the form of new toxins or allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Mishra
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Nikhil Ram Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Vinutha Thimmegowda
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vagish Mishra
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Neha Jain
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Debasis Pattanayak
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
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Gayen D, Paul S, Sarkar SN, Datta SK, Datta K. Comparative nutritional compositions and proteomics analysis of transgenic Xa21 rice seeds compared to conventional rice. Food Chem 2016; 203:301-307. [PMID: 26948618 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rice expressing the Xa21 gene have enhanced resistant to most devastating bacterial blight diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). However, identification of unintended modifications, owing to the genetic modification, is an important aspect of transgenic crop safety assessment. In this study, the nutritional compositions of seeds from transgenic rice plants expressing the Xa21 gene were compared against non-transgenic rice seeds. In addition, to detect any changes in protein translation levels as a result of Xa21 gene expression, rice seed proteome analyses were also performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. No significant differences were found in the nutritional compositions (proximate components, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and anti-nutrients) of the transgenic and non-transgenic rice seeds. Although gel electrophoresis identified 11 proteins that were differentially expressed between the transgenic and non-transgenic seed, only one of these (with a 20-fold up-regulation in the transgenic seed) shows nutrient reservoir activity. No new toxins or allergens were detected in the transgenic seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Gayen
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Soumitra Paul
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Sailendra Nath Sarkar
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Swapan K Datta
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Karabi Datta
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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Frei M. Breeding of ozone resistant rice: relevance, approaches and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:144-155. [PMID: 25528448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone concentrations have been rising across Asia, and will continue to rise during the 21st century. Ozone affects rice yields through reductions in spikelet number, spikelet fertility, and grain size. Moreover, ozone leads to changes in rice grain and straw quality. Therefore the breeding of ozone tolerant rice varieties is warranted. The mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) using bi-parental populations identified several tolerance QTL mitigating symptom formation, grain yield losses, or the degradation of straw quality. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) demonstrated substantial natural genotypic variation in ozone tolerance in rice, and revealed that the genetic architecture of ozone tolerance in rice is dominated by multiple medium and small effect loci. Transgenic approaches targeting tolerance mechanisms such as antioxidant capacity are also discussed. It is concluded that the breeding of ozone tolerant rice can contribute substantially to the global food security, and is feasible using different breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frei
- INRES Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Valdés A, Simó C, Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V. Foodomics strategies for the analysis of transgenic foods. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen H, Lin Y. Promise and issues of genetically modified crops. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:255-260. [PMID: 23571013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing area of genetically modified (GM) crops has substantially expanded since they were first commercialized in 1996. Correspondingly, the adoption of GM crops has brought huge economic and environmental benefits. All these achievements have been primarily supported by two simple traits of herbicide tolerance and insect resistance in the past 17 years. However, this situation will change soon. Recently, the advance of new products, technologies and safety assessment approaches has provided new opportunities for development of GM crops. In this review, we focus on the developmental trend in various aspects of GM crops including new products, technical innovation and risk assessment approaches, as well as potential challenges that GM crops are currently encountering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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