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Behram T, Pervez S, Nawaz MA, Ullah R, Khan AA, Ahmad B, Alanzai AM, Ahmad A, Jan AK, Rahman HU, Jamal M, Tour jan, Mohyuddin A, Khan NM, Ahmad S. Synthesis and analysis of silica nanocarriers for pectinase immobilization: Enhancing enzymatic stability for continuous industrial applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23549. [PMID: 38169865 PMCID: PMC10758773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectinolytic enzymes are among the important group of industrial enzymes that have wide applications in different food industries. In this study, pectinase-based silica nanocarriers were synthesized using co-precipitation and cross-linking techniques. The resulting silica nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive electron microscopy (EDEX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for determination of its morphology, elemental composition, and crystalline pattern. Under the optimal immobilization conditions like 1.5 % glutaraldehyde, 3000 IU/mg pectinase concentration, 90 min immobilization time and 40 °C immobilization temperature, pectinase showed maximum immobilization yield. The immobilization of pectinase onto the silica nanocarriers led to enhanced catalytic characteristics, displaying higher enzymatic activity across various temperature and pH levels compared to soluble pectinase. Moreover, the immobilization substantially improved the temperature stability of pectinase, exhibiting 100 % of its initial activity even after 120 h of pre-incubation at 50 °C. Additionally, the silica nanocarrier pectinase retained 100 % of its original activity even after being reused 10 times in a single batch of reactions. These findings indicate that the immobilization of silica nanocarriers effectively enhances pectinase's industrial capabilities, making it economically feasible for industrial use and an efficient system for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Behram
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Pervez
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Amer M. Alanzai
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asrar Ahmad
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University Washington DC, USA
| | - Abdul Khaliq Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benzir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Kech Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tour jan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, The Emerson University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mehmood Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
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2
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Jiang S, Gu Q, Yu X. Detection of insecticides by Tetronarce californica acetylcholinesterase via expression and in silico analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7657-7671. [PMID: 37831186 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is involved in termination of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses and plays a vital role in the insecticide detection and inhibitor screening. Here, we report the heterologous expression of an AChE from Tetronarce californica (TcA) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a soluble active protein. TcA was immobilized in calcium alginate beads; the morphology, biochemical properties, and insecticide detection performance of free and immobilized TcA were characterized. Moreover, we used sequence, structure-based approaches, and molecular docking to investigate structural and functional characterization of TcA. The results showed that TcA exhibited a specific activity of 102 U/mg, with optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. Immobilized TcA demonstrated superior thermal stability, pH stability, and storage stability compared to the free enzyme. The highest sensitivity of free TcA was observed with trichlorfon, whereas immobilized TcA showed reduced IC50 values towards tested insecticides by 3 to 180-fold. Molecular docking analysis revealed the interaction of trichlorfon, acephate, isoprocarb, λ-cyhalothrin, and fenpropathrin in the active site gorge of TcA, particularly mediated through the formation of hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking. Therefore, TcA expressed heterologously in E. coli is a promising candidate for applications in food safety and environmental analysis. KEY POINTS: • T. californica AChE was expressed solubly in prokaryotic system. • The biochemical properties of free/immobilized enzyme were characterized. • The sensitivity of enzyme to insecticides was evaluated in vitro and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuya Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Atsakou AE, Remonatto D, Júnior RHM, Paz-Cedeno FR, Masarin F, Andrade GSS, de Lucca Gattas EA, de Paula AV. Synthesis of dietary lipids from pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo. L) oil obtained by enzymatic extraction: a sustainable approach. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:358. [PMID: 37822549 PMCID: PMC10562325 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the nutritional properties of dietary lipids obtained through the modification of aqueous enzymatically extracted pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo. L) oil. The optimal growth conditions for producing pectinase using strain Aspergillus sp. 391 were determined, and partial characterization of pectinase and commercial cellulase was conducted. The enzymatic extraction was performed at pH 4.0, 50 °C, for 24 h, using a combination of pectinase and cellulase for optimum effectiveness. The crude oil obtained was analyzed for acid, peroxide, and fatty acid composition. The study found a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid (C18:2), and a 59% oil recovery rate. Subsequently, this oil was subjected to enzymatic acidolysis with capric acid in solvent-free media, catalyzed by lipase Lipozyme RM IM®, resulting in a product with a higher incorporation degree (48.39 ± 0.5 mol%), observed after 24 h at 60 °C using molar ratio oil:acid capric of 1:9 (run 4). The nutritional properties of this oil were improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abra Eli Atsakou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Daniela Remonatto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Rodney Helder Miotti Júnior
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Fernando Roberto Paz-Cedeno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Fernando Masarin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | | | | | - Ariela Veloso de Paula
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
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Zhao Y, Li X, Guo S, Xu J, Cui Y, Zheng M, Liu J. Thermodynamics and Physicochemical Properties of Immobilized Maleic Anhydride-Modified Xylanase and Its Application in the Extraction of Oligosaccharides from Wheat Bran. Foods 2023; 12:2424. [PMID: 37372634 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are the preferred enzymes for the extracting of oligosaccharides from wheat bran. However, free xylanases have poor stability and are difficult to reuse, which limit their industrial application. In the present study, we covalently immobilized free maleic anhydride-modified xylanase (FMA-XY) to improve its reusability and stability. The immobilized maleic anhydride-modified xylanase (IMA-XY) exhibited better stability compared with the free enzyme. After six repeated uses, 52.24% of the activity of the immobilized enzyme remained. The wheat bran oligosaccharides extracted using IMA-XY were mainly xylopentoses, xylohexoses, and xyloheptoses, which were the β-configurational units and α-configurational units of xylose. The oligosaccharides also exhibited good antioxidant properties. The results indicated that FMA-XY can easily be recycled and can remain stable after immobilization; therefore, it has good prospects for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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Bhati N, Shreya, Sharma AK. Strain improvement of Aspergillus uvarum CBS 121591 for improved production of cellulase and its immobilization on calcium alginate beads. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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6
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Behram T, Pervez S, Nawaz MA, Ahmad S, Jan AU, Rehman HU, Ahmad S, Khan NM, Khan FA. Development of Pectinase Based Nanocatalyst by Immobilization of Pectinase on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Glutaraldehyde as Crosslinking Agent. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010404. [PMID: 36615596 PMCID: PMC9823745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase its operational stability and ongoing reusability, B. subtilis pectinase was immobilized on iron oxide nanocarrier. Through co-precipitation, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive electron microscopy (EDEX) were used to analyze the nanoparticles. Pectinase was immobilized using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent on iron oxide nanocarrier. In comparison to free pectinase, immobilized pectinase demonstrated higher enzymatic activity at a variety of temperatures and pH levels. Immobilization also boosted pectinase's catalytic stability. After 120 h of pre-incubation at 50 °C, immobilized pectinase maintained more than 90% of its initial activity due to the iron oxide nanocarrier, which improved the thermal stability of pectinase at various temperatures. Following 15 repetitions of enzymatic reactions, immobilized pectinase still exhibited 90% of its initial activity. According to the results, pectinase's catalytic capabilities were enhanced by its immobilization on iron oxide nanocarrier, making it economically suitable for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Behram
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Pervez
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Kech, Turbat 92600, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nasir Mehmood Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
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Hackenhaar CR, Rosa CF, Flores EEE, Santagapita PR, Klein MP, Hertz PF. Development of a biocomposite based on alginate/gelatin crosslinked with genipin for β-galactosidase immobilization: Performance and characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Kamal S, Rehman S, Bibi I, Akhter N, Amir R, Alsanie WF, Iqbal HMN. Graphene oxide/chitosan composites as novel support to provide high yield and stable formulations of pectinase for industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:683-691. [PMID: 35987366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular pectinase from a mixed consortium of Bacillus sp. (BSP) was immobilized onto graphene oxide/chitosan composite (GO/CS) through covalent binding to enhance its recycling and operational stability features. Different parameters were optimized, including cross-linker concentration (%), time, pH, and GO/CS-pectinase ratios. GO/CS-pectinase was further characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The activity of GO/CS-pectinase was reached up to 804 μmolmin-1 with an immobilization efficiency of 80.64 ± 1.15 % under optimum conditions. GO/CS-pectinase exhibited a 3.0-folds higher half-life (t1/2) than free pectinase at 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. The Vmax and KM values of GO/CS-pectinase were found to be nearly equal to the free pectinase indicating that conformational flexibility was retained. Kd, t1/2, ∆G*, ∆H*, and ∆S* of both free pectinase and GO/CS-pectinase was 0.0339 & 0.0721 min-1, 9.62 and 40.44 min, 81.35, 90.72 kJmol-1, 47.098 & 63.635 kJmol-1, -102.86 & -81.340 Jmole-1 K-1. SEM morphological analysis further confirmed the successful binding of pectinase with GO/CS, which retained about 92 % of its original catalytic activity after ten consecutive reaction cycles. Finally, GO/CS-pectinase was employed for guava juice clarification which exhibited the turbidity reduction up to 81 % after 75 min of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rija Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Cheng X, Jiang J, Li C, Xue C, Kong B, Chang Y, Tang Q. The compound enzymatic hydrolysate of Neoporphyra haitanensis improved hyperglycemia and regulated the gut microbiome in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:6777-6791. [PMID: 35667104 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that the combination of protease and a novel β-porphyranase Por16A_Wf may contribute to the deep-processing of laver. The purpose of the present study is to assess the hypoglycemic effect of the compound enzymatic hydrolysate (CEH) of Neoporphyra haitanensis. Thus, biochemical indexes related to diet-induced hyperglycemia were mainly detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Then 16s rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the effects of CEH on the gut microbiome in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The results suggested that CEH reduced the blood glucose level and alleviated insulin resistance. Possibly because CEH repressed intestinal α-glucosidase activity, inhibiting key enzymes (G6Pase and PEPCK) related to hepatic gluconeogenesis, and increased the expression of the enzyme (GLUT4) involved in peripheral glucose uptake. As potential indicators of hyperglycemia, total bile acids in the feces were reversed to the control levels after CEH intervention. Particularly, CEH decreased the content of tauro-α-muricholic acid (TαMCA) and ω-muricholic acid (ωMCA). Furthermore, CEH promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Parabacteroides), which may play a role in glycemic control. CEH also regulated the KEGG pathways associated with glycometabolism, such as "fructose and mannose metabolism". In summary, CEH supplementation has favorable effects on improving glucose metabolism and regulating the gut microbiome in HFD-fed mice. CEH has potential to be applied in the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, 5th, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Jiali Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, 5th, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Chunjun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, 5th, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, 5th, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Biao Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, 5th, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, 5th, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, 5th, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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10
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Lassouane F, Aït-Amar H, Rodriguez-Couto S. High BPA removal by immobilized crude laccase in a batch fluidized bed bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Nascimento AGLC, Zuppa ÉS, Zonin M, de Sousa GFS, de Andrades D, Ayub MAZ, Maller A, da Conceição Silva JL, de Cássia Garcia Simão R, Kadowaki MK. Prebiotic effect of sorghum biomass xylooligosaccharides employing immobilized endoxylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus PC7S1T. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1167-1174. [PMID: 35482283 PMCID: PMC9433589 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified endoxylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus PC7S1T was immobilized in calcium alginate, resulting in a yield of 78.5% and a reusability for 11 cycles. The stability of the immobilized enzyme was given for a pH range of 4 to 9 for 96 h. Endoxylanase immobilized in calcium alginate at 65 °C exhibited thermal stability equal to the soluble enzyme for 5 h, and at high temperatures of 75 °C and 85 °C showed half-lives of 4 and 3 h, respectively. Both soluble endoxylanase and immobilized forms were able to hydrolyze hemicellulose, obtained from low-lignin sorghum biomass pretreated with 5% H2O2 and 2% NaOH, after 1 h of incubation at 65 °C, releasing a mixture of short-chain xylooligosaccharides (X2-X6). The highest amounts of XOS generated were those for X5 (24 to 40%), X4 (33 to 39%), and X3 (11 to 22%). These XOS acted as prebiotics, promoting the growth of the probiotic L. acidophilus, similar to glucose in the MRS broth. These results show the potential of low-lignin sorghum to generate XOS with prebiotic activity, suggesting the application of these compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Érica Sabrina Zuppa
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zonin
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Biotechnology Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, ZC 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, ZC 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Maller
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - José Luis da Conceição Silva
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Garcia Simão
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Marina Kimiko Kadowaki
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil.
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Deproteinization of Shrimp Shell Waste by Kurthia gibsonii Mb126 immobilized chitinase. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed at immobilization, characterization, and utilization of chitinase from Kurthia gibsonii Mb126. Immobilization of Kurthia gibsonii Mb126 chitinase on glutaraldehyde treated chitosan was carried out with immobilization yield of 106%. The optimal factors of the immobilization technique such as concentration of glutaraldehyde, chitinase concentration, and immobilization time were evaluated. After optimizing process parameters of immobilization (Glutaraldehyde concentration 4%, chitinase conc. 60mg, immobilization time 30min.), the specific activity of immobilized chitinase improved to 4.3-fold compared to the free form of chitinase. Temperature and pH optima of the immobilized chitinase and free enzyme were same i.e., 7.5 and 40°C respectively. The relative activity of immobilized chitinase remained 90% at 40°C, at 50°C, and at 60°C for 120 min. In the pH range from 5.5 to 8, the immobilized chitinase retained 100% activity. The results confirmed that the pH stability and thermal stability of chitinase increased by immobilizing chitinase on chitosan. The immobilized enzyme system maintained 90% of its efficiency even after 16 successive reaction cycles. The immobilized chitinase maintained 78% of its activity even after 20 months. Fermentation of prawn shell waste with immobilized chitinase indicated a high level of deproteinization. Deproteinization experiments were carried out with 5mL (0.4 mg/mL ) of immobilized and free chitinase on 300 mg/mL of prawn shell waste for 20 days without any additional supplements at 40°C and 6.5 pH. Protein content was reduced from 38.4 to 0.8% with immobilized chitinase. Results suggests the possibility of using immobilized enzymes to remove the prawn shell waste from the environment. To the best of our knowledge there was no such study about the deproteinization of prawn shell waste using immobilized chitinase till the date.
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Harnessing Mucor spp. for Xylanase Production: Statistical Optimization in Submerged Fermentation Using Agro-Industrial Wastes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3816010. [PMID: 35496057 PMCID: PMC9045992 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3816010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Xylan is the primary hemicellulosic polymer found in lignocellulosic agricultural wastes and can be degraded by xylanase. In the current research, Mucor circinelloides and M. hiemalis were tested for their ability to produce xylanase from tangerine peel by submerged fermentation. Experiments on five variables were designed with Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology. Analysis of variance was exercised, the xylanase output was demonstrated with a mathematical equation as a function of the five factors, and the quixotic states for xylanase biosynthesis was secured. In addition, xylanase was partially purified, characterized, and immobilized on calcium alginate beads. The optimum parameters for xylanase production by M. circinelloides and M. hiemalis were consisted of incubation temperature (30 and 20°C), pH value (9 and 7) incubation period (9 and 9 days), inoculum size (3 and 3 mL), and substrate concentration (3 and 3 g/100 mL), respectively. M. circinelloides and M. hiemalis demonstrated the highest xylanase activities after RSM optimization, with 42.23 and 35.88 U/mL, respectively. The influence of single, interchange, and quadratic factors on xylanase output was investigated using nonlinear regression equations with significant R2 and p values. The partial purification of M. circinelloides and M. hiemalis xylanase yielded 1.69- and 1.97-fold purification, and 30.74 and 31.34% recovery with 292.08 and 240.15 U/mg specific activity, respectively. Partially purified xylanase from M. circinelloides and M. hiemalis demonstrated the highest activity at neutral pH and 60 and 50°C, respectively. The immobilized M. circinelloides and M. hiemalis xylanase retained 84.02 and 79.43% activity, respectively. The production of xylanase from M. circinelloides and M. hiemalis utilizing RSM is deemed profitable for the decomposition of the agro-industrial wastes.
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Biochemical characterization and immobilization of a novel pectate lyase ErPL2 for efficient preparation of pectin oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:532-539. [PMID: 35151709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pectate lyase (ErPL2) from Echinicola rosea JL3085 showed maximal activity at 45 °C and pH 9.0 with 0.6 mM CaCl2. The Km and Vmax values of ErPL2 for polygalacturonic sodium were 2.098 mmol/L and 0.955 mmol/s, respectively. ErPL2 endolytically degraded pectic substances into oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP) 1-5. To improve the thermostability and pH operation range, recombinant ErPL2 was immobilized onto mesoporous titanium oxide particles (MTOPs). MTOPs have abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface, which is a non-toxicity and good biocompatibility carrier. The residual enzyme activity of immobilized ErPL2 at 40 °C increased remarkably from 11% to 91% compared with free enzyme. The operable pH range was extended from 8-9 to 9-11. Surprisingly, the catalytic efficiency of immobilized ErPL2 was about 19 times higher than free enzyme. To our knowledge this is the first attempt of pectate lyase immobilized on MTOPs and it provides a new option for improving the catalytic performance.
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Bibi Z, Sattar H, Asif Nawaz M, Karim A, Pervez S, Ali Ul Qader S, Aman A. Polyacrylamide hydrogel carrier (matrix-type macrogel beads): Improvement in the catalytic behavior, stability, and reusability of industrially valuable xylanase from a thermophile Geobacillus stearothermophilus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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CARDOSO FDSN, CARVALHO LMJD, ORTIZ GMD, KOBLITZ MGB. [RETRACTED ARTICLE] Use of encapsulated commercial enzyme in the hydrolysis optimization of cagaita pulp (Eugenia dysenterica DC). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.44521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Varamini M, Zamani H, Hamedani H, Namdari S, Rastegari B. Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on lysine-functionalized gum Arabic-coated Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for cholesterol determination. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:737-747. [PMID: 34871533 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1992780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is ranked as one of the most important industrial enzymes that is extensively used in industry. Cholesterol is routinely detected indirectly by cholesterol oxidase in the presence of O2, liberating H2O2 as a by-product. The H2O2 content is determined through the HRP activity in the presence of a redox dye, producing a red colored quinoneimine which can be measured quantitatively. Herein, we have designed a magnetic nanoparticle for reusing and easily separating HRP as the most expensive compartment for the low-cost cholesterol assay. METHODS The gum Arabic coated magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with L-lysine linker for maintaining protein flexibility on nanoparticle. Enzyme-loaded nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, FTIR, DLS, VSM and XRD analysis. RESULTS The immobilization efficiency was ∼65% and the immobilized HRP retained 60% of its activity after 8 times reuse. The optimum pH and thermal stability shifted from 7.0 to 8.0 and 60 to 70 °C after immobilization, respectively. Storage stability of HRP was improved by 10%, at 4 °C for 60 days. Immobilized HRP showed more catalytic activity in presence of Fe2+, Ca2+ and Na+. The designed system has cholesterol detection linearity range from 0.2 to 5.0 mM and detection limit of 0.08 mM and acceptable correlation coefficient of 0.9973 and 0.9982 on sample serum using both chromogens. CONCLUSION The HRP-loaded magnetic nanoparticles are capable of being used as a cost-effective system for cholesterol determination in laboratory due to its reusability and stability benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Varamini
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Zamani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hale Hamedani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepide Namdari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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CARDOSO FDSN, CARVALHO LMJD, KOBLITZ MGB, ORTIZ GMD. Use of encapsulated commercial enzyme in the hydrolysis optimization of cagaita pulp (Eugenia dysenterica DC). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.11221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Carli S, Salgado JCS, Meleiro LP, Ward RJ. Covalent Immobilization of Chondrostereum purpureum Endopolygalacturonase on Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles: Catalytic Properties and Biotechnological Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:848-861. [PMID: 34553326 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pectinases are widely used in a variety of industrial processes. However, their application is limited by low catalytic processivity, reduced stability, high cost, and poor re-use compatibility. These drawbacks may be overcome by enzyme immobilization with ferromagnetic nanoparticles, which are easily recovered by a magnetic field. In this work, an endopolygalacturonase from Chondrostereum purpureum (EndoPGCp) expressed in Pichia pastoris was immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan ferromagnetic nanoparticles (EndoPGCp-MNP) and used to supplement a commercial enzyme cocktail. No significant differences in biochemical and kinetic properties were observed between EndoPGCp-MNP and EndoPGCp, although the EndoPGCp-MNP showed slightly increased thermostability. Cocktail supplementation with EndoPGCp-MNP increased reducing sugar release from orange wastes by 1.8-fold and showed a synergistic effect as compared to the free enzyme. Furthermore, EndoPGCp-MNP retained 65% of the initial activity after 7 cycles of re-use. These properties suggest that EndoPGCp-MNP may find applications in the processing of pectin-rich agroindustrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Santos Salgado
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.
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Ge L, Lai H, Huang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhu S, Shi Q, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhao N. Comparative evaluation of package types in alleviating textural softening and package-swelling of Paocai during storage: Insight into microbial invasion, cell wall pectinolysis and alteration in sugar and organic acid profiles. Food Chem 2021; 365:130489. [PMID: 34243120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of initial vacuum package (VP), air package (AP) and salt-solution package (NP) on texture softening and package-swelling of Paocai by comparing the changes in physicochemical properties, pectinolysis, microstructure, microbial profile, as well as sugar and organic acid profiles during storage. Results showed that, when compared with AP and NP, with suppressive microbial invasion and less total pectinase activity, VP could retain more soluble pectin and induce more compact microstructure of Paocai, leading to higher hardness of Paocai during storage. As for package-swelling, VP mitigated gas-production in package by changing the microbial composition and metabolic patterns of sugar and organic acid in Paocai, especially targeted regulating the abundance of genus Kazachstania. This study provided a perspective for appropriate packaging technology to control the pectinase activity as well as cell-invading and gas-producing microorganisms for manufacturing fermented vegetable with better texture and non-package-swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haimei Lai
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Shi
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Huajia Li
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqing Zhu
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Azimi SZ, Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F. Continuous clarification of grape juice using a packed bed bioreactor including pectinase enzyme immobilized on glass beads. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Carvalho PH, Kawaguti HY, de Souza WFC, Sato HH. Immobilization of Serratia plymuthica by ionic gelation and cross-linking with transglutaminase for the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1109-1118. [PMID: 33547961 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isomaltulose is an alternative sugar obtained from sucrose using some bacteria producing glycosyltransferase. This work aimed to optimize conditions for the immobilization of Serratia plymuthica through ionic gelation and cross-linking by transglutaminase using the sequential experimental strategy for the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose. The effect of five variables (concentrations of cell mass, alginate, gelatin, transglutaminase, and calcium chloride) was studied, as well as the interactions between them on the matrix composition for the S. plymuthica immobilization. Three experimental designs were used to optimize the concentrations of each variable to obtain higher concentration of isomaltulose. A high conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose (71.04%) was obtained by the cells immobilized in a matrix composed of alginate (1.7%), CaCl2 (0.25 mol/L), gelatin (0.5%), transglutaminase (3.5%) and cell mass (33.5%). As a result, the transglutaminase application as a cross-linking agent improved the immobilization of Serratia plymuthica cells and the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Hoffmann Carvalho
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 80 Monteiro Lobato St. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Yukio Kawaguti
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Hélia Harumi Sato
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 80 Monteiro Lobato St. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
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Electrostatic and Hydrogen Bond Immobilization of Trypsine onto pH-Sensitive N-Vinylpyrrolidone and 4-Vinylpyridine Radical co-Grafted Chitosan Based on Hydrogel. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Clarification of the pomegranate juice in a bioreactor packed by pectinase enzymes immobilized on the glass bead activated with polyaldehyde polysaccharides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Zhang S, Bilal M, Zdarta J, Cui J, Kumar A, Franco M, Ferreira LFR, Iqbal HMN. Biopolymers and nanostructured materials to develop pectinases-based immobilized nano-biocatalytic systems for biotechnological applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109979. [PMID: 33648214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectinases are the emerging enzymes of the biotechnology industry with a 25% share in the worldwide food and beverage enzyme market. These are green and eco-friendly tools of nature and hold a prominent place among the commercially produced enzymes. Pectinases exhibit applications in various industrial bioprocesses, such as clarification of fruit juices and wine, degumming, and retting of plant fibers, extraction of antioxidants and oil, fermentation of tea/coffee, wastewater remediation, modification of pectin-laden agro-industrial waste materials for high-value products biosynthesis, manufacture of cellulose fibres, scouring, bleaching, and size reduction of fabric, cellulosic biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production, etc. Nevertheless, like other enzymes, pectinases also face the challenges of low operational stability, recoverability, and recyclability. To address the above-mentioned problems, enzyme immobilization has become an eminently promising approach to improve their thermal stability and catalytic characteristics. Immobilization facilitates easy recovery and recycling of the biocatalysts multiple times, leading to enhanced performance and commercial feasibility.In this review, we illustrate recent developments on the immobilization of pectinolytic enzymes using polymers and nanostructured materials-based carrier supports to constitute novel biocatalytic systems for industrial exploitability. The first section reviewed the immobilization of pectinases on polymers-based supports (ca-alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, hybrid polymers) as a host matrix to construct robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems. The second half covers nanostructured supports (nano-silica, magnetic nanostructures, hybrid nanoflowers, dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, montmorillonite clay), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates for enzyme immobilization. The biotechnological applications of the resulted immobilized robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems are also meticulously vetted. Finally, the concluding remarks and future recommendations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Nouri M, Khodaiyan F. Magnetic Biocatalysts of Pectinase: Synthesis by Macromolecular Cross-Linker for Application in Apple Juice Clarification. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 58:391-401. [PMID: 33505202 PMCID: PMC7821784 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.04.20.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Pectinase enzyme has become a valuable compound in beverage industry. One of the most significant concepts to overcome the drawbacks of using industrial enzymes is their immobilization. In the present study, magnetic chitosan microparticles were utilized as a substrate for pectinase immobilization. New methods of enzyme immobilization involve the use of non-chemical cross-linkers between the enzyme and the substrate. The aim of this study is to immobilize the pectinase enzyme using polyaldehyde kefiran as a macromolecular cross-linker on magnetic particles. Experimental approach Pectinase was immobilized in four steps: relative oxidation of kefiran and its application as a cross-linker, production of magnetic iron(II) iron(III) oxide (Fe3O4) microparticles, coating of magnetic Fe3O4 microparticles with chitosan, and immobilization of the enzyme on the substrate, prepared by the use of oxidized kefiran cross-linker. Parameters such as cross-linking concentration, time and ratio of chitosan magnetic microparticles to enzyme were optimized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to identify the groups and investigate the structures. The biochemical properties (stability of enzyme activity at different pH, temperature and time), enzyme reusability, kinetic parameters (Km and νmax) and apple juice turbidity, using free and immobilized pectinase enzymes, were also measured. Results and conclusions Cross-linker concentration, cross-linking time and the ratio of magnetic Fe3O4 microparticles with chitosan to enzyme were important factors in activity recovery of pectinase. FTIR analysis correctly identified functional groups in the structures. The results showed that after enzyme stabilization, the particle size and molecular mass, respectively, increased and decreased the magnetic saturation strength. According to the thermal kinetic study, the activity of the immobilized pectinase was higher than of its free form. The findings of this study indicate excellent stability and durability of the immobilized pectinase. Finally, a magnetic pectinase micro-biocatalyst was used to clarify apple juice, which reduced turbidity during processing. Novelty and scientific contribution This study investigates the usage of kefiran oxidized as a new cross-linker for the immobilization of pectinase enzyme. Magnetic pectinase micro-biocatalyst has a good potential for industrial applications in the food industry, with high thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nouri
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Faramarz Khodaiyan
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Single step immobilization of CMCase within agarose gel matrix: Kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111583. [PMID: 33548892 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, CMCase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB2 was immobilized within the matrix of agarose gel through entrapment technique. Maximum immobilization yield (%) of the enzyme was obtained when 2.0 % agarose was used. The activation energy (Ea) of the enzyme increased from 16.38 to 44.08 kJ mol-1 after immobilization. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy of deactivation (ΔGd), enthalpy (ΔHd) and entropy (ΔSd) of deactivation, deactivation rate constant (Kd), half-life (t1/2), D-value and z-value were calculated for native/free and immobilized CMCase. The maximum reaction rate (Vmax) of the native enzyme was found to be 8319.47 U ml-1 min-1, which reduced to 7218.1 U ml-1 min-1after immobilization process. However, the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value of the enzyme increased from 1.236 to 2.769 mg ml-1 min-1 after immobilization. Immobilized enzyme within agarose gel matrix support can be reuse up to eight reaction cycles. Broad stability profile and improved catalytic properties of the immobilized CMCase indicated that this enzyme can be a plausible candidate to be used in various industrial processes.
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Qian WW, Yang SQ, Hu SM, Wang XL, Zhu Y, Zhou T. Enzymatic degradation, antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities of polysaccharides from brown algae Sargassum fusiforme. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Makkliang F, Juengsanguanpornsuk W, Phaisan S, Sakdamas A, Putalun W, Sakamoto S, Yusakul G. Transformation of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica phytoestrogens using immobilized and free β-glucosidase, a technique for enhancing estrogenic activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32067-32076. [PMID: 35495490 PMCID: PMC9042063 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (PM) has a significant beneficial effect on postmenopausal symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency. However, the estrogenic activity and intestinal absorption of isoflavonoid glycosides derived from PM, such as daidzin and genistin, are significantly lower than those of their aglycones. To enhance the estrogenic activity of the PM extract, we developed β-glucosidase and its immobilized form to increase the PM aglycone content (daidzein and genistein). The enzyme immobilization was done by alginate beads, and the resulting β-glucosidase alginate beads have a diameter of about 0.20 cm. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize certain parameters, such as the pH, temperature, and ethanol concentration. The optimal conditions of β-glucosidase for daidzein and genistein production were pH of 4.8–4.9, a temperature in the range 46.3–49.1 °C, and ethanol concentration of 10.0–11.0%. The ANOVA results indicated that the design experiment involving free and immobilized β-glucosidase was the best fit by quadratic models, which had adjusted R2 values between 0.8625 and 0.9318. Immobilized β-glucosidase can be reused up to nine times and maintained efficacy of greater than 90%. Treatment of the PM extract with β-glucosidase increased the estrogenic activity of the PM extract by 8.71- to 23.2-fold compared to that of the untreated extract. Thus, β-glucosidase has a high potential for enhancing the estrogenic activity of PM constituents, and it can be applied on an industrial scale to increase the utility of these natural products. Transformation of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica phytoestrogens by β-glucosidase increases estrogenic activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonthip Makkliang
- School of Languages and General Education, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Suppalak Phaisan
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Attapon Sakdamas
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Purification and identification of novel alkaline pectinase PNs31 from Bacillus subtilis CBS31 and its immobilization for bioindustrial applications. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Nouri M, khodaiyan F. Green synthesis of chitosan magnetic nanoparticles and their application with poly-aldehyde kefiran cross-linker to immobilize pectinase enzyme. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Immobilization of Purified Pectin Lyase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus onto Magnetic Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles and Its Usability in Food Industry. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4791408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An important component of the pectinase enzyme complex is pectin lyase (polymethylgalacturonate lyase; EC 4.2.2.10). In this study, extracellular pectin lyase enzyme was produced from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus bacteria. Pectin lyase was then purified using three-phase precipitation (TPP) technique with 25.5% yield. The pectin lyase was immobilized covalently via the L-glutaraldehyde spacer to the carboxymethyl cellulose. The immobilized pectin lyase was magnetized using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Purified pectin lyase was connected to magnetized support material after 90 min at the rate of 80%. The most appropriate immobilization conditions were determined as pH 8 and 30°C. By characterizing the free and immobilized enzyme, KM, Vmax, and optimum pH and optimum temperature values were determined. It was optimum pH 8 and temperature 50°C for both free and immobilized pectin lyase. The structural characterization of the immobilized pectin lyase modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was carried out by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD chromatographic analyses. At the end of the study, free and immobilized enzymes were used for purification of some fruit juices and results were compared.
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A Health-Friendly Strategy for Covalent-Bonded Immobilization of Pectinase on the Functionalized Glass Beads. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Ur Rehman H, Nawaz MA, Pervez S, Jamal M, Attaullah M, Aman A, Ul Qader SA. Encapsulation of pectinase within polyacrylamide gel: characterization of its catalytic properties for continuous industrial uses. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04578. [PMID: 32885065 PMCID: PMC7453123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectinase as a biocatalyst play a significant role in food and textile industries. In this study, the pectinase was immobilized by encapsulation within polyacrylamide gel to enhance its catalytic properties and ensure the reusability for continuous industrial processes. 9.5% acrylamide and 0.5% N, N′- methylenebisacrylamide concentration gave high percentage of pectinase immobilization yield within gel. The catalytic properties of immobilized pectinase was determined with comparison of soluble pectinase. The immobilization of pectinase within polyacrylamide gel didn't effect catalytic properties of pectinase and both the free and immobilized pectinase showed maximum pectinolytic activity at 45 °C and pH 10. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic behavior of pectinase was slightly changed after immobilization and immobilized pectinase showed somewhat higher Km and lower Vmax value as compared to soluble pectinase. Polyacrylamide gel encapsulation enhanced the thermal stability of pectinase and encapsulated pectinase showed higher thermal stability against various temperature ranging from ranging from 30 °C to 50 °C as compared free pectinase. Furthermore, the surface topography of polyacrylamide gel was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and it was observed that the surface topography of polyacrylamide gel was changed after encapsulation. The encapsulation of pectinase within polyacrylamide gel enhanced the possibility of reutilization of pectinase in various industries and pectinase retained more than 50% of its initial activity even after seven batch of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Natural and Basic Science, University of Turbat, Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Kyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Pervez
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Attaullah
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE) University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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35
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Immobilization and stabilization of pectinase on an activated montmorillonite support and its application in pineapple juice clarification. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Sahin S, Ozmen I. Immobilization of pectinase on Zr‐treated pumice for fruit juice industry. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selmihan Sahin
- Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Chemistry Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
| | - Ismail Ozmen
- Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Chemistry Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
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Oliveira RLD, Silva MFD, Silva SPD, Cavalcanti JVFL, Converti A, Porto TS. Immobilization of a commercial Aspergillus aculeatus enzyme preparation with fructosyltransferase activity in chitosan beads: A kinetic/thermodynamic study and fructo-oligosaccharides continuous production in enzymatic reactor. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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38
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Oktay B, Demir S, Kayaman-Apohan N. Immobilization of pectinase on polyethyleneimine based support via spontaneous amino-yne click reaction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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39
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Immobilization of Purified Pectin Lyase from Pseudomonas putida onto Magnetic Lily Flowers ( Lilium candidum L.) Nanoparticles and Applicability in Industrial Processes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112671. [PMID: 32526868 PMCID: PMC7321098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectinases are an important class of enzymes distributed in many higher plants and microorganisms. One of these enzymes is pectin lyase which has an important role in industrial applications such as clarification of fruit juices. Pectin lyase was purified with 73% yield from Pseudomonas putida bacteria and was 220.7-fold using three phase precipitation technique. Molecular weight of purified pectin lyase was determined as 32.88 kDa with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pectin lyase was immobilized covalently via the L-glutaraldehyde spacer to the cellulosic structures of lily flowers (Lilium candidum L.). The immobilized enzyme was then magnetized by modifying with γ-Fe3O4 nanoparticles and determined the most appropriate immobilization conditions as pH 6 and 30 °C. Purified pectin lyase was connected to magnetized support material after 60 min at the rate of 86.4%. The optimum pH and temperatures for the free and immobilized pectin lyase was found to be 6.0 and 40 °C. pH and thermal stabilities of the free and immobilized pectin lyase enzyme have been preserved at high-low temperatures and pH. The structural characterization of the immobilized pectin lyase was performed by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD chromatographic analyses and it was observed that the support materials structure was appropriated to immobilization with pectin lyase and to modify with Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
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40
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Nawawi NN, Hashim Z, Rahman RA, Murad AMA, Bakar FDA, Illias RM. Entrapment of porous cross-linked enzyme aggregates of maltogenic amylase from Bacillus lehensis G1 into calcium alginate for maltooligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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Li YT, Huo YF, Wang F, Wang C, Zhu Q, Wang YB, Fu LL, Zhou T. Improved antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of enzymatically degraded Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13189. [PMID: 32163602 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide (CPH) was degraded by pectinase to improve its biological activities. Box-Behnken response surface design was used to optimize the hydrolysis conditions. The molecular weight of CPH and the degraded P. haitanensis polysaccharide (DCPH) were measured to be 524 and 217 kDa, respectively. GC-MS spectrometry results showed that CPH and DCPH were mainly composed of galactose. In vitro antioxidant assays indicated that DCPH possessed improved radical scavenging activity and ferric iron reducing power when compared to those of CPH. In H2 O2 -treated RAW264.7 cells, DCPH was also found to be more effective in reducing the generation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species than CPH. The immunomodulatory assays demonstrated that DCPH possessed superior activities in enhancing the proliferation, phagocytosis, and NO secretion in a RAW264.7 macrophage cell model to those of CPH. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polysaccharide is the most abundant bioactive component of an edible red algae Porphyra haitanensis. However, the use of CPH is limited due to its relatively low biological activities. Thus, in order to fully utilize P. haitanensis, it is necessary to enhance the biological activities of CPH for its practical use. An efficient and practical method to enhance the bioactivities of P. haitanensis polysaccharide has been developed in the present work. The DCPH prepared in this work could have potential applications in food and medicinal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ting Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Huo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Lin Fu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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42
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Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F, E. Mousavi SM, Azimi SZ, Gharaghani M. Immobilization of pectinase on the glass bead using polyaldehyde kefiran as a new safe cross-linker and its effect on the activity and kinetic parameters. Food Chem 2020; 309:125777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Ottone C, Romero O, Aburto C, Illanes A, Wilson L. Biocatalysis in the winemaking industry: Challenges and opportunities for immobilized enzymes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:595-621. [PMID: 33325181 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are powerful catalysts already being used in a large number of industrial processes. Impressive advantages in enzyme catalysts improvement have occurred in recent years aiming to improve their performance under harsh operation conditions far away from those of their cellular habitat. Production levels of the winemaking industry have experienced a remarkable increase, and technological innovations have been introduced for increasing the efficiency at different process steps or for improving wine quality, which is a key issue in this industry. Enzymes, such as pectinases and proteases, have been traditionally used, and others, such as glycosidases, have been more recently introduced in the modern wine industry, and many dedicated studies refer to the improvement of enzyme performance under winemaking conditions. Within this framework, a thorough review on the role of enzymes in winemaking is presented, with special emphasis on the use of immobilized enzymes as a significant strategy for catalyst improvement within an industry in which enzymes play important roles that are to be reinforced paralleling innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carminna Ottone
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oscar Romero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carla Aburto
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Wilson
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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44
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dos Santos JP, Dittgen CL, El Halal SLM, Vanier NL. Catalytic Efficiency, Structure, and Recycling Behavior of Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol-Xylanase Fibers Cross-Linked by Glutaraldehyde. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Immobilization of xylanase on modified grafted alginate polyethyleneimine bead based on impact of sodium cation effect. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1284-1295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Xu MQ, Li FL, Yu WQ, Li RF, Zhang YW. Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of glycerol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase for high efficiency in situ NAD + regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:1013-1021. [PMID: 31669469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor regeneration is an important method to avoid the consumption of large quantities of oxidized cofactor NAD+ in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Herein, glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) and NADH oxidase preparations by aggregating enzymes with ammonium sulphate followed by cross-linking formed aggregates for effective regeneration of NAD+. After optimization, the activity of combi-CLEAs and separate CLEAs mixtures were 950 and 580 U/g, respectively. And the catalytic stability of combi-CLEAs against pH and temperature was superior to the free enzyme mixture. After ten cycles of reuse, the catalytic efficiency could still retain 63.3% of its initial activity, indicating that the constructed combi-CLEAs system had excellent reusability. Also, the conversion of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was improved by the constructed NAD+ regeneration system, resulting in 4.6%, which was 2.5 times of the free enzyme system. Thus, wide applications of this co-immobilization method in the production of various chiral chemicals could be expected in the industry for its high efficiency at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qiu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Immobilization of Trypsin from Porcine Pancreas onto Chitosan Nonwoven by Covalent Bonding. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091462. [PMID: 31500182 PMCID: PMC6780051 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the potential application of chitosan nonwoven for biomedical textiles based on enzyme immobilization. For this, chitosan nonwoven was first cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to introduce aldehyde groups at optimal conditions. To immobilize the enzyme trypsin onto glutaraldehyde-pre-activated chitosan nonwoven, several parameters such as pH, enzyme concentration, and reaction times were investigated. In addition, the pH, thermal stability, storage stability, and reusability of immobilized trypsin were examined. We found that the optimal immobilization conditions for trypsin were pH 8.5, enzyme concentration of 8% (owf), and treatment time of 30 min. Trypsin was immobilized at 25 °C efficiently. The immobilized trypsin showed lower pH stability and better thermal stability than free trypsin. The immobilized trypsin showed 50% of its initial activity after being used 15 times and 80% of that after 20 days of storage at 4 °C. SEM analysis also confirmed that trypsin was immobilized on chitosan nonwoven.
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Mohammadi M, Khakbaz Heshmati M, Sarabandi K, Fathi M, Lim LT, Hamishehkar H. Activated alginate-montmorillonite beads as an efficient carrier for pectinase immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:253-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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49
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Bayraktar H, Önal S. Cross-linked α-galactosidase aggregates: optimization, characterization and application in the hydrolysis of raffinose-type oligosaccharides in soymilk. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4748-4760. [PMID: 30932192 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of α-galactosidase, partially purified from maize (Zea mays) flour, were prepared. The impact of various parameters on enzyme activity was examined to optimize the immobilization procedure. Biochemical characterization of the free and immobilized enzyme was carried out. Stability (thermal, pH, storage and operational stability) and reusability tests were performed. The potential use of the free enzyme and the CLEAs in hydrolysis processes of raffinose-type oligosaccharides present in soymilk was investigated. RESULTS α-galactosidase CLEAs were prepared with 47% activity recovery under optimum conditions [1:5 (v/v) enzyme solution:saturated ammonium sulfate solution ratio; 7.5 mg protein and 0.1% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, 6 h, 4 °C, 150 rpm]. α-galactosidase CLEAs exhibited increased stability in comparison to the free enzyme. The CLEAs and the free enzyme showed a maximum activity at 40°C and their optimal pH values were5.5 and 6.0, respectively. Kinetic constants (KM , Vmax and kcat ) were calculated for the free enzyme and the CLEAs in the presence of p-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside, stachyose, melibiose and raffinose. The effect of various chemicals and sugars on enzyme activity showed that both enzyme forms were significantly inhibited by HgCl2 and galactose. The CLEAs hydrolyzed 85% of raffinose and 96% of stachyose. CONCLUSION The α-galactosidase CLEAs, with their satisfactory enzymatic characteristics, have much potential for use in the food and feed industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bayraktar
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
| | - Seçil Önal
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
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50
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Sher H, Ali H, Rashid MH, Iftikhar F, Saif-Ur-Rehman, Nawaz MS, Khan WS. Enzyme Immobilization on Metal-Organic Framework (MOF): Effects on Thermostability and Function. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:636-647. [PMID: 31208305 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190430120046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MOFs are porous materials with adjustable porosity ensuing a tenable surface area and stability. MOFs consist of metal containing joint where organic ligands are linked with coordination bonding rendering a unique architecture favouring the diverse applications in attachment of enzymes, Chemical catalysis, Gases storage and separation, biomedicals. In the past few years immobilization of soluble enzymes on/in MOF has been the topic of interest for scientists working in diverse field. The activity of enzyme, reusability, storage, chemical and thermal stability, affinity with substrate can be greatly improved by immobilizing of enzyme on MOFs. Along with improvement in enzymes properties, the high loading of enzyme is also observed while using MOFs as immobilization support. In this review a detail study of immobilization on/in Metalorganic Frameworks (MOFs) have been described. Furthermore, strategies for the enzyme immobilization on MOFs and resulting in improved catalytic performance of immobilized enzymes have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sher
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad H Rashid
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Iftikhar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waheed S Khan
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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