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Kitić N, Živković J, Šavikin K, Randjelović M, Jovanović M, Kitić D, Miladinović B, Milutinović M, Stojiljković N, Branković S. Spasmolytic Activity of Gentiana lutea L. Root Extracts on the Rat Ileum: Underlying Mechanisms of Action. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:453. [PMID: 38337986 PMCID: PMC10857127 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The roots of Gentiana lutea L. are utilized in the preparation of various beverages and herbal remedies, serving as a traditional remedy for gastrointestinal ailments. The spasmolytic activity that could substantiate the traditional use of G. lutea root had not been investigated. The main objective goal of the study was to determine the validity of its use as a traditional remedy. The extraction of G. lutea root was performed using a 50% hydroethanolic solvent with three different extraction techniques: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), heat-assisted extraction, and percolation. The spasmolytic activity was tested on isolated rat ileum. The mechanism of action was monitored using the models of spontaneous contractions and acetylcholine-, histamine-, CaCl2-, Bay K8644-, L-NAME-, ODQ-, apamin-, BaCl2-, charybdotoxin-, glibenclamide-, TRAM-34-, and quinine-modified contractions. UAE, having the best bioactivity, was further subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction fractionation. HPLC phytochemical analysis was performed for all tested extracts and fractions. Gentian root extracts were rich in secoiridoids, xanthones, and flavonoids. The UAE has shown better results on spontaneous contractions in comparison to its fractions, leading to the more detailed testing of its spasmolytic mechanism of activity. The extract's activity is primarily mediated through intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, voltage-sensitive K+ channels, and mechanisms that activate Ca2+ channels. Overall, the G. lutea root shows great potential in the treatment of spasmodic gastrointestinal ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Kitić
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre for Biomedicine, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (K.Š.)
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (K.Š.)
| | - Milica Randjelović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Miloš Jovanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Dušanka Kitić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Bojana Miladinović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Milica Milutinović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Nenad Stojiljković
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (N.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Suzana Branković
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Niš, Ave. Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (N.S.); (S.B.)
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Coelho C, Bord C, Fayolle K, Bibang C, Flahaut S. Development of a Novel Flavored Goat Cheese with Gentiana lutea Rhizomes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030468. [PMID: 36765997 PMCID: PMC9914017 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentiana lutea rhizomes, generally used as a bittering agent in food, were harvested from two geographical sites (Massif Central: MC and Jura: J) to evaluate their potential use in the flavoring step during goat cheesemaking. Gentian flavored goat cheeses (MCGC and JGC) were elaborated by a one-night immersion of unflavored goat cheeses (CGC) into gentian-infused whey. The impregnation of gentian in goat cheeses was evaluated by chemical and sensory analysis. The chemical composition of cheeses was analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS (Head-Space-Solid Phase MicroExtraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) for volatile compounds (alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, alkenes, alkanes, acids, terpenes) and UHPLC-DAD (Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector) for gentian bitter compounds (seco-iridoids). The sensory analysis consisted of a bitterness rating and a free description of cheeses by 17 trained panelists. Results of the study highlighted that unflavored goat cheeses presented higher unpleasant notes (goaty and lactic whey) and higher amounts of hexanoic acid and toluene compared to gentian flavored goat cheeses. The bitterness of gentian flavored goat cheeses was higher compared to unflavored cheeses and could be explained by loganic acid transfer from yellow gentian to flavored cheeses. Other free descriptors of gentian flavored goat cheeses revealed more complex notes (herbal, vegetal, floral, sweet, spicy and creamy) and higher relative amounts of volatile compounds such as 3-methyl butanoic acid, 2-methyl propanoic acid, 4-methyl decane, 2,3-butanediol, ethanol, diacetyl, methyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate, compared to unflavored cheeses. Phenylethyl acetate was the only volatile compound that enabled differentiation of gentian origin on gentian flavored goat cheeses. Gentian rhizomes could be considered a promising flavoring agent contributing to the olfactive and gustative complexity of flavored goat cheeses and the reduction of their goaty perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Coelho
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup Campus Agronomique de Lempdes, UMR F, Université Clermont Auvergne, 15000 Aurillac, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-73-98-13-41
| | - Cécile Bord
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup Campus Agronomique de Lempdes, UMR F, Université Clermont Auvergne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Karine Fayolle
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup Campus Agronomique de Lempdes, UMR F, Université Clermont Auvergne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Cindy Bibang
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup Campus Agronomique de Lempdes, UMR F, Université Clermont Auvergne, 15000 Aurillac, France
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Gibitz-Eisath N, Seger C, Schwaiger S, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of the Major Bioactive Compounds in Gentianae Radix and its Beverages by UHPSFC-DAD. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7586-7593. [PMID: 35695390 PMCID: PMC9228070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPSFC-DAD) assay for simultaneous quantitation of secoiridoids, iridoids, xanthones, and xanthone glycosides in Gentiana lutea L. Separation was reached within 12 min on an Acquity UPC2 BEH 2-EP column using CO2 and methanol with 5.5% water as mobile phases. Method validation for nine selected marker compounds (gentisin, isogentisin, swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicroside, loganic acid, amarogentin, gentioside, and its isomer) confirmed the assay's sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The practical applicability was proven by the analysis of 13 root specimens and 10 commercial liquid preparations (seven liqueurs and three clear spirits). In all root batches, the secoiridoid gentiopicroside dominated (2.1-5.6%) clearly over all other metabolites. In the liqueurs, the metabolite content and distribution were extremely variable: while gentiopicroside was the main compound in four liqueurs, sweroside dominated in one preparation and loganic acid in two others. In contrast, measurable amounts of the metabolites were not detected in any of the examined clear spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gibitz-Eisath
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Labordiagnostic
St. Gallen West AG, 9015 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Seger
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Labordiagnostic
St. Gallen West AG, 9015 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Sturm
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Xia M, Guo Y, Li J, Ma H, Gao W, Wu X. Correlation analysis of physicochemical properties with anti-inflammatory activity of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees based on HPLC-DAD, colorimeter and multivariate statistics: A comprehensive quality evaluation strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114565. [PMID: 35033944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is an essential traditional herbal medicine with various bioactivities in Asian countries. The quality of herbal medicines directly affects its clinical efficacy, so a comprehensive strategy, including color assay, chemical profiles, quantitative analysis, and anti-inflammatory activity assay, is constructed to evaluate the quality of A. paniculata in this paper. Here, 16 batches of commercial A. paniculata were collected, and there were noticeable differences in appearance, chemical compounds, and bioactivity among batches. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the color and diterpenoid lactones could be used to classify A. paniculat. And then, correlation analysis found the batches with greener color have higher contents of diterpenoid lactones and more efficient anti-inflammatory activity. Based on the results above, the partial least squares (PLS) regression models were finally established to predict the contents of diterpenoid lactones using the color assay data. All diterpenoid lactones models showed good performance, especially neoandrographolide. Notably, PLS regression models were first used for the nondestructive quantitative analysis of A. paniculata. This comprehensive quality evaluation strategy can theoretically elucidate the relationship between good appearance, high contents of diterpenoid lactones, and superior bioactivity of A. paniculata, which is meaningful for its quality control and evaluation. It also laid a theoretical basis for appearance and bioactivity evaluations of high-quality traditional herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica/Yunnan Province Company Key Laboratory for TCM and Ethnic Drug of New Drug Creation, Kunming 650111, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Han Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6620913. [PMID: 34104310 PMCID: PMC8159652 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6620913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs), waste products of coffee beverage production, are rich in organic compounds such as phenols. Different studies have demonstrated phenol beneficial effects in counteracting neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases are associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which initiates the degeneration of neurons by overactivating microglia. Unfortunately, to date, there are no pharmacological therapies to treat these pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic content of 4 different SCG extracts and their ability to counteract oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Caffeine and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were the most abundant compounds in all extracts, followed by 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The four extracts demonstrated a different ability to counteract oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in vitro. In particular, the methanol extract was the most effective in protecting neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as thioredoxin reductase, heme oxygenase 1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase, and glutathione reductase. The water extract was the most effective in counteracting lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in microglial BV-2 cells by strongly reducing the expression of proinflammatory mediators through the modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. On these bases, SCG extracts could represent valuable nutraceutical sources for the treatment of neurodegeneration.
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Zengin G, Sinan KI, Ak G, Angeloni S, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Kaplan A, Çakılcıoğlu U, Akan H, Jugreet S, Mahomoodally MF. Preliminary investigation on chemical composition and bioactivity of differently obtained extracts from Symphytum aintabicum Hub.- Mor. &Wickens. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jiang M, Cui BW, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Genus Gentiana: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113391. [PMID: 32931880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the largest genus of Gentianaceae family, the Gentiana genus harbors over 400 species, widely distributed in the alpine areas of temperate regions worldwide. Plants from Gentiana genus are traditionally used to treat a wide variety of diseases including easing pain dispelling rheumatism, and treating liver jaundice, chronic pharyngitis and arthritis in China since ancient times. In this review, a systematic and constructive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, toxicology and pharmacological activities of the researched species of genus Gentiana is provided. MATERIALS AND METHODS The used information in this review is based on various databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, Wanfang Data, Web of Science) through a search using the keyword "Gentiana" in the period of 1981-2019. Besides, other ethnopharmacological information was acquired from Chinese herbal classic books and Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. RESULTS The plants from Gentiana genus have a long tradition of various medicinal uses in Europe and Asia. Phytochemical studies showed that the main bioactive components isolated from this genus includes iridoids xanthones and flavonoids. These compounds and extracts isolated from this genus show a wide range of protective activities including hepatic protection, gastrointestinal protection, cardiovascular protection, immunomodulation, joint protection, pulmonary protection, bone protection and reproductive protection. Molecular mechanism studies also indicated several potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of certain diseases by plants from this genus. Besides, natural products from this plant show no significant animal toxicity, cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. CONCLUSION This review summarized the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and molecular mechanism of genus Gentiana, providing references and research tendency for plant-based drug development and further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ben-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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Osteoprotective Effects of Loganic Acid on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells and Osteoporosis-Induced Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010233. [PMID: 33379387 PMCID: PMC7795511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease caused by an imbalance of processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts in postmenopausal women. The roots of Gentiana lutea L. (GL) are reported to have beneficial effects on various human diseases related to liver functions and gastrointestinal motility, as well as on arthritis. Here, we fractionated and isolated bioactive constituent(s) responsible for anti-osteoporotic effects of GL root extract. A single phytochemical compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate osteoprotective agent. Its anti-osteoporotic effects were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with loganic acid significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing mRNA expression levels of bone metabolic markers such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7. However, loganic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation of primary-cultured monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow. For in vivo experiments, the effect of loganic acid on ovariectomized (OVX) mice was examined for 12 weeks. Loganic acid prevented OVX-induced bone mineral density loss and improved bone structural properties in osteoporotic model mice. These results suggest that loganic acid may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Liu H, Zhao H, Huang R, Ali AS, Wang X, Meng S, Chen G. A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2-phenylethyl β-d-glucopyranoside, 2-methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC-QTOF-MS exploring and HPLC-DAD quantification. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5046. [PMID: 33283319 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (RGM) is a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the Gentiana genus and including four species of herbs. Owing to the lack of characteristic constituents, it is difficult to discriminate RGMs of different origins or even differentiate between herbs in the same genus. The current research aimed to explore the characteristic aromatic compounds, verify their significance in distinguishing different origins of RGM herbs and provide a simple and effective quality evaluation method. A selective extraction method was developed for noniridoid compounds and the extract was then subjected to UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis to obtain the RGM-MS ion pair database for noniridoid components. An HPLC-DAD quantitative analysis method was further developed based on characteristic aromatic compounds (2-phenylethyl β-d-glucopyranoside, 2-methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine) after the ion screening in the MS database. By means of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis analysis, the significant relationship between aromatic compounds contents and different species of RGM was revealed. As a result, the significance of 2-phenylethyl β-d-glucopyranoside, 2-methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine in distinguishing four species of RGM herbs was verified and a sensitive and reproducible HPLC-DAD method was established using these markers, which can be used for the classification and quantitative analysis of RGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Amur Safdar Ali
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shian Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Cai C. Environmental impact on the variability in quality of Gentiana rigescens, a medicinal plant in southwest China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Montero L, Schmitz OJ, Meckelmann SW. Chemical characterization of eight herbal liqueurs by means of liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461560. [PMID: 32992146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herbal liqueurs are a large group of diverse alcoholic beverages with an ancient tradition produced by maceration of various herbs and spices and are commonly drunken before or after a meal to aid in the digestion because of their potential functional properties. In the presented work, eight different commercial herbal liqueurs were investigated with regard to their composition of phenolic compounds by liquid chromatography ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IM-QTOF-MS). This multidimensional analytical platform uses all-ion fragmentation for a deep coverage of the foodome. After an extensive data clean-up, 3225 features were found. 213 features were manually annotated due to the absence of databases and software tools able to consider the drift time or Collison Cross Section (CCS) together with high resolution MS/MS spectra for identification. The identified compounds reflected the large variance between the investigated samples and a wealth of potential bioactive compounds that these liqueurs harbor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Montero
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45141, Germany; Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45141, Germany; Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45141, Germany; Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45141, Germany.
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Angeloni S, Nzekoue FK, Navarini L, Sagratini G, Torregiani E, Vittori S, Caprioli G. An analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 30 bioactive compounds in spent coffee ground by HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4519. [PMID: 32368836 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee ground (SCG) is the remaining residue produced after extraction of coffee, and it is considered a source of unextracted bioactive compounds. For this, in the latest years, the attention has been focused to innovative reuses that can exploit the potentiality of SCG. Unfortunately, the content of bioactive compounds has not been thoroughly studied yet, and the major of publication has investigated the caffeine and chlorogenic acids levels, total polyphenol contents, and total flavonoid content. Hence, these approaches have determined only an estimation of flavonoids and polyphenols content and lack on single polyphenols investigation. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to provide a deep characterization of bioactive compounds in SCG. For this purpose, a new analytical method for the quantification of 30 molecules, including caffeine, chlorogenic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and secoiridoids, has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, several extraction procedures, that is, liquid-solid extraction assisted and not by ultrasounds, testing diverse solvents, were evaluated. Liquid-solid extraction assisted by sonication, with water/ethanol (30/70, v/v), resulted the best in terms of total bioactive compounds, and, once validated, the new analytical method was applied to five different espresso SCG samples. Data showed that caffeine (means: 1193.886 ± 57.307 mg kg-1 ) and chlorogenic acids (means of total CQAs: 1705.656 ± 88.694 mg kg-1 ) were the most abundant compounds in all SCG samples followed by phenolic acids such as caffeic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, syringic, trans-cinnamic, and vanillic acid. Moreover, some flavonoids, that is, rutin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and quercetin, occurred in almost all samples. This work provided a deepened characterization of bioactive compounds in SCG and can contribute to develop new strategies of reuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- International Hub for Coffee Research and Innovation, Belforte del Chienti (MC), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Wu L, Wu W, Cai Y, Li C, Wang L. HPLC fingerprinting-based multivariate analysis of phenolic compounds in mango leaves varieties: Correlation to their antioxidant activity and in silico α-glucoidase inhibitory ability. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113616. [PMID: 32942107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mango leaves (MLs) have many important medical values owing to its high contents of phytochemical compounds. Among them, phenolic compounds existing in MLs showed multiple pharmacological activities. However, there is a little information about the quality evaluation and discrimination of different varieties of MLs. In the present study, the chemical compositions of MLs were identified by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS). Then, the quality of ten MLs varieties collected from a same plantation was assessed according to integrated HPLC fingerprinting coupled with multivariate analysis. The results revealed that Cui Yu (S5) showed the highest TPC/TFC and the strongest bio-activity, followed by Tai Long (S7) and Hong Bao Shi (S3). Among different HPLC fingerprinting, twenty compounds were selected as common characteristic peaks, and the similarity was within the range of 0.792-0.995. Meanwhile, these varieties were divided into three groups: G1 (S3, S5, S7, and S10), G2 (S1 and S4) and G3 (S2, S6, S8, and S9). Two discriminant functions with the discriminant rate near 100 % were constructed. Additionally, neomangiferin, mangiferin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin and quercetin were found to be the key compounds in quality evaluation of MLs varieties. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis results confirmed that these key compounds directly contributed to the antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory ability of MLs. Importantly, the possible inhibitory mechanisms of these key compounds against α-glucosidase were preliminary clarified by in silico analysis, and the analysis results provide a theoretical basis for future development and utilization of mango leaves byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yanzi Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Hainan Huachuang Areca Research Institute, Haikou, 570125, PR China.
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Cafaro T, Carnicelli V, Caprioli G, Maggi F, Celenza G, Perilli M, Bozzi A, Amicosante G, Brisdelli F. Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity of Gentiana lutea root extract. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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How Chemical and Sensorial Markers Reflect Gentian Geographic Origin in Chardonnay Wine Macerated with Gentiana lutea Roots? Foods 2020; 9:foods9081061. [PMID: 32764291 PMCID: PMC7466338 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A Burgundian Chardonnay wine was enriched with Gentiana lutea root powders originating from two French mountain sites (Massif Central and Jura) in order to prepare semi-dry gentian aromatized Chardonnay wine-based drinks. These novel alcoholic beverages were chemically and sensorially characterized for evaluating if the gentian geographic origin influenced bitter and elemental and volatile composition and sensory profiles in the final products. For that, the chemical fingerprint of gentian powders and wines were carried by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC), liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (LC-DAD) and inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mineral and volatile analysis show that the geographic distinction is more obvious in gentian powders compared to gentian macerated wines. Interestingly the maceration process in Chardonnay wine involves extraction processes revealing statistical distinctions in other chemical markers of gentian origin, like for amarogentin and loganic acid or some mineral elements such as barium and aluminum that affect undoubtedly bitterness perception and sensory properties in macerated wines compared to unmacerated wine. Additionally, the gentian volatile 2-methoxy-3-sec-butylpyrazine and the Chardonnay wine volatile ethyl-9-decenoate differentiated, respectively by extraction and powder adsorption mechanisms could be responsible of more subtle sensory differentiations between macerated wines from two distinct gentian origins.
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16
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Zengin G, Sinan KI, Mahomoodally MF, Angeloni S, Mustafa AM, Vittori S, Maggi F, Caprioli G. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Different Extracts Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground and Coffee Silverskin. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060713. [PMID: 32498234 PMCID: PMC7353581 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In a world where an eco-friendlier approach is becoming more and more necessary, it is essential to reduce waste production and to reuse residues of the company’s supply chain. Coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee ground (SCG), two by-products of coffee production, are important sources of bioactive compounds and, for this, some authors have proposed their reuse in the nutraceutical, food, and cosmetic sector. However, their potential enzyme inhibitory properties have been poorly investigated. Hence, the objective of the current work was to study the enzymatic inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase of different extracts of CS and SCG. Before these in vitro bioassays, the phytochemical composition of each extract was investigated via colorimetric assays and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. In addition, the antioxidant activities were evaluated by different chemical approaches. SCG extracts contained a higher content of bioactive compounds, notably the SCG EtOH:H2O extract was the richest in caffeine and possessed the highest antioxidant activities. The hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts were shown to be the most active against all tested enzymes, while the water extracts displayed lower activity. Our results showed a weak correlation between bioactive compounds and enzyme inhibitory effects, proving inhibitory activities likely due to non-phenolic molecules such as alkaloids and terpenoids. Obtained findings could be a starting point to develop novel nutraceuticals from CS and SCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (K.I.S.)
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (K.I.S.)
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; or
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
- International Hub for Coffee Research and Innovation, Via E. Betti 1, 62020 Belforte del Chienti, Italy
| | - Ahmed M. Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-3740-4506
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.); (G.C.)
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17
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Mastellone V, Musco N, Vassalotti G, Piantedosi D, Vastolo A, Cutrignelli MI, Britti D, Cortese L, Lombardi P. A Nutritional Supplement (DìLsh TM) Improves the Inflammatory Cytokines Response, Oxidative Stress Markers and Clinical Signs in Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E938. [PMID: 32485886 PMCID: PMC7341525 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to associate nutraceuticals, as immune-modulating tools, to the treatment of visceral leishmaniosis is a matter of great interest. In this study, we investigated whether the administration of a nutritional supplement (DìLshTM, Dynamopet SRL, Verona, Italy) was able to exert beneficial effects on the inflammatory state and oxidative stress of the dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. To this purpose, specific parameters, namely Tumor Necrosis Factor -alpha (TNF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Inteleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, derivates of Reactive Oxigen Metabolites (d-Roms) and Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP), as well as the haematological and biochemical profiles of the infected dogs, were investigated upon the treatment with the nutritional supplement and compared with the conventional pharmacological anti-Leishmania therapy. The animals underwent complete clinical examination and blood sample collection before (T0) and 3 months after (T90) the onset of the two treatments. The two treatments showed similar results: significant clinical improvement, ELISA positivity and IgG decrease, an increase in IL-10, and a decrease in IL-6 were observed in animals treated with the nutritional supplement. A decrease in d-Roms and an increase in BAP were also detected in both groups. On the whole, the nutritional supplement possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting that it may support animals' health and be useful to extend the time a drug therapy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Vassalotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
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18
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Tian Y, Zhu P, Chen Y, Chen W, Du L, Wu C, Wang P. A sperm-cell-based biosensor using a fluorescence probe for responsive signal readout toward bitter flavor detection. Talanta 2020; 211:120731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Shen T, Yu H, Wang YZ. Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061442. [PMID: 32210010 PMCID: PMC7144467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentiana, which is one of the largest genera of Gentianoideae, most of which had potential pharmaceutical value, and applied to local traditional medical treatment. Because of the phytochemical diversity and difference of bioactive compounds among species, which makes it crucial to accurately identify authentic Gentiana species. In this paper, the feasibility of using the infrared spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics analysis to identify Gentiana and its related species was studied. A total of 180 batches of raw spectral fingerprints were obtained from 18 species of Gentiana and Tripterospermum by near-infrared (NIR: 10,000-4000 cm-1) and Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR: 4000-600 cm-1) spectrum. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to explore the natural grouping of the 180 samples. Secondly, random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) models were built while using full spectra (including 1487 NIR variables and 1214 FT-MIR variables, respectively). The MIR-SVM model had a higher classification accuracy rate than the other models that were based on the results of the calibration sets and prediction sets. The five feature selection strategies, VIP (variable importance in the projection), Boruta, GARF (genetic algorithm combined with random forest), GASVM (genetic algorithm combined with support vector machine), and Venn diagram calculation, were used to reduce the dimensions of the data variable in order to further reduce numbers of variables for modeling. Finally, 101 NIR and 73 FT-MIR bands were selected as the feature variables, respectively. Thirdly, stacking models were built based on the optimal spectral dataset. Most of the stacking models performed better than the full spectra-based models. RF and SVM (as base learners), combined with the SVM meta-classifier, was the optimal stacked generalization strategy. For the SG-Ven-MIR-SVM model, the accuracy (ACC) of the calibration set and validation set were both 100%. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), efficiency (EFF), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and Cohen's kappa coefficient (K) were all 1, which showed that the model had the optimal authenticity identification performance. Those parameters indicated that stacked generalization combined with feature selection is probably an important technique for improving the classification model predictive accuracy and avoid overfitting. The study result can provide a valuable reference for the safety and effectiveness of the clinical application of medicinal Gentiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, School of Life and Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China (Yunnan) and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- College of Chemistry, Biological and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yu’xi 653100, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, School of Life and Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China (Yunnan) and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1370-067-6633
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China;
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Potunuru UR, Priya KV, Varsha MS, Mehta N, Chandel S, Manoj N, Raman T, Ramar M, Gromiha MM, Dixit M. Amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside, activates AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) to exert beneficial vasculo-metabolic effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1270-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Lombardi P, Palatucci AT, Giovazzino A, Mastellone V, Ruggiero G, Rubino V, Musco N, Crupi R, Cutrignelli MI, Britti D, Vassalotti G, Terrazzano G, Cortese L. Clinical and Immunological Response in Dogs Naturally Infected by L. infantum Treated with a Nutritional Supplement. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080501. [PMID: 31366122 PMCID: PMC6721201 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We evaluated the effects of a commercial nutraceutical supplementation in dogs naturally affected by Leishmania infantum. This nutraceutical supplement is proposed to be added to dog diet to foster physiological immune-response during chronic leishmaniasis. Parasite clearance is infrequently obtained by immune response in both the human and canine leishmaniasis. Pharmacological therapies frequently fail in the elimination of L. infantum that could have settled in deep organs, escaping immune responses and therapy. The conventional drug therapy improves clinical signs, reduces parasitemia as well as relapse of infection. This nutraceutical supplementation can improve the impaired immune response of the infected dogs to fight the disease. Abstract The use of nutraceuticals as immunomodulators in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis has generated interest in the current approaches to treat the disease. In this clinical and immunological study, we investigated whether the administration of a nutritional supplement mediates the immune-modulatory response in canine leishmaniosis (CL) and improves the clinical outcome of the disease. With this purpose, we analysed T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood (PB) of 12 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum, following treatment with a nutritional supplement. The regulatory T (Treg) cells and the T helper (Th) 1 population were specifically evaluated. The animals underwent complete clinical examination and blood sample collection for haematological, biochemical, serological and immunological analysis before treatment (T0), one month (T30) and 3 months (T90) after the onset of the nutraceutical supplementation. We observed that nutraceutical supplementation was associated with immunomodulation of Th1 response and significant clinical improvement of the animals. No side effects were observed. Therefore, a potential supportive role for the nutraceutical supplement during canine leishmaniasis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza PZ, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina ME, Italy
| | - Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro CZ, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza PZ, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy.
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy.
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Shen T, Yu H, Wang YZ. Assessing Geographical Origin of Gentiana Rigescens Using Untargeted Chromatographic Fingerprint, Data Fusion and Chemometrics. Molecules 2019; 24:E2562. [PMID: 31337159 PMCID: PMC6680800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiana rigescens Franchet, which is famous for its bitter properties, is a traditional drug of chronic hepatitis and important raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry in China. In the study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with diode array detector (DAD) and chemometrics, were used to investigate the chemical geographical variation of G. rigescens and to classify medicinal materials, according to their grown latitudes. The chromatographic fingerprints of 280 individuals and 840 samples from rhizomes, stems, and leaves of four different latitude areas were recorded and analyzed for tracing the geographical origin of medicinal materials. At first, HPLC fingerprints of underground and aerial parts were generated while using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. After the preliminary data exploration, two supervised pattern recognition techniques, random forest (RF) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were applied to the three HPLC fingerprint data sets of rhizomes, stems, and leaves, respectively. Furthermore, fingerprint data sets of aerial and underground parts were separately processed and joined while using two data fusion strategies ("low-level" and "mid-level"). The results showed that classification models that are based OPLS-DA were more efficient than RF models. The classification models using low-level data fusion method built showed considerably good recognition and prediction abilities (the accuracy is higher than 99% and sensibility, specificity, Matthews correlation coefficient, and efficiency range from 0.95 to 1.00). Low-level data fusion strategy combined with OPLS-DA could provide the best discrimination result. In summary, this study explored the latitude variation of phytochemical of G. rigescens and developed a reliable and accurate identification method for G. rigescens that were grown at different latitudes based on untargeted HPLC fingerprint, data fusion, and chemometrics. The study results are meaningful for authentication and the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, School of Life and Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresouces in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- College of Chemistry, Biological and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yu'xi 653100, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, School of Life and Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresouces in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Yang J, Zhu D, Wen L, Xiang X, Hu J. Gentianella turkestanerum Showed Protective Effects on Hepatic Injury by Modulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:452-460. [PMID: 30987565 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190415124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of Gentianella turkestanerum extraction by butanol (designated as GBA) on hepatic cell line L02 injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). METHODS L02 cells were incubated with 5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, 60 µg/mL, 80 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL GBA for 24 hours, and then MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxicity for GBA. Cells were divided into blank control group, CCl4/H2O2 model group, treated by CCl4 (20 mmol/L) or H2O2 (100 µmol/L); silymarin+CCl4/H2O2 group, treated by CCl4 (20 mmol/L) or H2O2 (100 µmol/L) and 5 µg/mL silymarin; GBA+CCl4/H2O2 group, treated by CCl4 (20 mmol/L) or H2O2 (100 µmol/L) and GBA (5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL). MTT assay was performed to determine the cellular activity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined using a commercial kit. The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) in the supernatant was determined. PE-Annexin V/7-ADD method was utilized to determine the apoptosis of cells. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stressrelated genes (CHOP, PERK, IRE1 and ATF6) mRNA. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of CHOP, Caspase 12 and NF-κB protein. RESULTS Cellular survival after GBA (5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL) incubation was ≥ 75%. After GBA incubation, levels of ALT and AST showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05), while that of the MDA showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The apoptosis in the CCl4 or H2O2 group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, GBA-preincubation could attenuate the cellular apoptosis compared to the CCl4 or H2O2 group, which displayed a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The expression of CHOP, PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the presence of CCl4 or H2O2 (P < 0.05). Whereas, GBA induced a significant decrease in these mRNA thereafter (P < 0.05), together with a decrease in CHOP and Caspase 12 proteins (P < 0.05). Besides, it could attenuate the expression of NF-κB p65 in nuclear protein. CONCLUSION G. turkestanerum could inhibit the lipid peroxidation and increase the antioxidant activity. Also, it could inhibit the cellular apoptosis through down-regulating the transcriptional level of ERS related genes and proteins. This process was associated with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Limei Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xueying Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Junping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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Ding W, Wang H, Zhou Q, Wu J, Cheng X, Wang C. Establishment and application of a new HPLC qualitative and quantitative assay for Gentiana Macrophyllae Radix based on characteristic constituents of anofinic acid and its derivatives. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4341. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai China
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Antiadipogenic Effects of Loganic Acid in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Ovariectomized Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071663. [PMID: 29987205 PMCID: PMC6100558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is caused by an excess storage of body fat, resulting from a chronic imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Gentiana lutea L. (GL) root has been reported to reduce lipid accumulation in the aortic wall of diabetic rats. Here, we performed fractionation and isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) that may be responsible for the antiadipogenic effects of the GL root extract. A single compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate component in the 30% ethanol extract of GL. Loganic acid treatment significantly decreased the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of key adipogenesis-related genes such as adiponectin (Adipoq), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), perilipin1 (Plin1), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), glucose transporter type 4 (Slc2a4), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf) were significantly reduced following treatment with loganic acid. In vivo experiments in an ovariectomy-induced obesity mouse model showed that loganic acid (oral administration with 10 and 50 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited body weight gain, total fat increase, fatty hepatocyte deposition in the liver, and adipocyte enlargement in the abdominal visceral fat tissues. These results suggest that loganic acid in the GL root extract has antiadipogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. Loganic acid may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of obesity, particularly in menopausal obese women.
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Dai K, Yi XJ, Huang XJ, Muhammad A, Li M, Li J, Yang GZ, Gao Y. Hepatoprotective activity of iridoids, seco-iridoids and analog glycosides from Gentianaceae on HepG2 cells via CYP3A4 induction and mitochondrial pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:2673-2683. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gentianaceae herb extracts have been widely used as food additives, teas or medicinal remedies for various diseases and disorders of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Dai
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jia Yi
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education
| | - Azhar Muhammad
- Comsats Institute of Information and Technology
- Sahiwal
- Pakistan
| | - Mei Li
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Beijing
- P.R. China
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Xu Y, Li Y, Maffucci KG, Huang L, Zeng R. Analytical Methods of Phytochemicals from the Genus Gentiana. Molecules 2017; 22:E2080. [PMID: 29182593 PMCID: PMC6149888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Gentiana comprises approximately 400 species. Many species have a wide range of pharmacological activities and have been used therapeutically for thousands of years. To provide comprehensive guidance, utilization and quality control of Gentiana species, this review presents updated information concerning the recent application and progress of chemical analysis including phytochemical analysis, sample preparation and chemometrics. Detailed and comprehensive data including number of analytes, extraction/separation methods, analytical techniques and chemometrics are shown as corresponding tables. These data illustrate that the development of newly discovered compounds and therapeutic uses, understanding of the structure-activity relationship and establishment of harmonious and effective medicinal herb standards are the direction of advancement in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Rho T, Jung M, Lee MW, Chin YW, Yoon KD. Efficient methods for isolating five phytochemicals fromGentiana macrophyllausing high-performance countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4723-4731. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taewoong Rho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Mila Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
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Wu J, Zhao Z, Wu L, Wang Z. Authentication ofGentiana stramineaMaxim. and its substitutes based on chemical profiling of iridoids using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:2061-2066. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Zhao YL, Wang YZ, Jin H. Chemotaxonomic Studies of Nine Gentianaceae Species from Western China Based on Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:158-167. [PMID: 26919544 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gentianaceae species which widely occur all over the world are used as folk medicine and raw food material with bitter properties. Although comparative analysis on metabolites in several Gentianaceae species has been reported, metabolic similarities used for chemotaxonomic studies are not yet clear. OBJECTIVE To systematically characterise the variations of holistic metabolome and characteristic metabolites (iridoid glycosides and phenols) in nine Gentianaceae species from western China. METHODOLOGY Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was applied to determine the variations of holistic metabolome. A targeted metabolic profiling using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established for determination of seven characteristic metabolites and identification of their derivatives. Both FT-IR and LC-MS/MS data were subjected to chemometrics analysis for exploring variations in iridoid glycosides and phenols within these species. RESULTS Holistic metabolome in genera Gentiana and Swertia was largely different. Diversity of the biosynthetic pathway of iridoid glycosides was also observed in these species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation according to infrageneric classifications of genus Gentiana. Some secondary metabolites, such as mangiferin, rhodenthoside A-C, isoorientin, isovitexin, amarogentin, and swertianolin would serve as potential chemotaxonomic markers to differentiate Gentianaceae species. Furthermore, the accumulation of the six major metabolites seems to depend on geographical regions in Sect. Monopodiae and Sect. Cruciata. CONCLUSIONS The combination of LC-MS/MS and FT-IR would provide some potential evidence on chemotaxonomic studies of Gentianaceae. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Centre for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Centre for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Centre for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Centre for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Centre for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
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Nastasijev B, Milosevic M, Janjic G, Stanic V, Vasic V. Gentiana lutea Extracts and their Constituents as Inhibitors of Synaptosomal Ecto-NTPDase. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.272.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Mustafa AM, Caprioli G, Dikmen M, Kaya E, Maggi F, Sagratini G, Vittori S, Öztürk Y. Evaluation of neuritogenic activity of cultivated, wild and commercial roots of Gentiana lutea L. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mustafa AM, Caprioli G, Maggi F, Vittori S, Sagratini G. Comparative Analysis of the Volatile Profiles from Wild, Cultivated, and Commercial Roots of Gentiana lutea L. by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS–SPME) Coupled to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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