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Gisbert M, Franco D, Sineiro J, Moreira R. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweed Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:4937. [PMID: 37446599 PMCID: PMC10343254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits and high contents of bioactive compounds. This review focuses on the exploration of seaweed's health-promoting properties, with particular emphasis on phlorotannins, a class of bioactive compounds known for their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Various novel and ecofriendly extraction methods, including solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction are examined for their effectiveness in isolating phlorotannins. The chemical structure and isolation of phlorotannins are discussed, along with methods for their characterization, such as spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and chromatography. Special attention is given to the antioxidant activity of phlorotannins. The inhibitory capacities of polyphenols, specifically phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum against digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, are explored. The results suggest that polyphenols from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed hold significant potential as enzyme inhibitors, although the inhibitory activity may vary depending on the extraction conditions and the specific enzyme involved. In conclusion, seaweed exhibits great potential as a functional food ingredient for promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. Overall, this review aims to condense a comprehensive collection of high-yield, low-cost, and ecofriendly extraction methods for obtaining phlorotannins with remarkable antioxidant and antidiabetic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gisbert
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.); (D.F.); (J.S.)
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Stillorgan Rd, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Franco
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.); (D.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Jorge Sineiro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.); (D.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Ramón Moreira
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.); (D.F.); (J.S.)
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2
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Catarino MD, Silva-Reis R, Chouh A, Silva S, Braga SS, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Applications of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites of Sargassum spp. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:172. [PMID: 36976221 PMCID: PMC10052768 DOI: 10.3390/md21030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sargassum is one of the largest and most diverse genus of brown seaweeds, comprising of around 400 taxonomically accepted species. Many species of this genus have long been a part of human culture with applications as food, feed, and remedies in folk medicine. Apart from their high nutritional value, these seaweeds are also a well-known reservoir of natural antioxidant compounds of great interest, including polyphenols, carotenoids, meroterpenoids, phytosterols, and several others. Such compounds provide a valuable contribution to innovation that can translate, for instance, into the development of new ingredients for preventing product deterioration, particularly in food products, cosmetics or biostimulants to boost crops production and tolerance to abiotic stress. This manuscript revises the chemical composition of Sargassum seaweeds, highlighting their antioxidant secondary metabolites, their mechanism of action, and multiple applications in fields, including agriculture, food, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D. Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Silva-Reis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amina Chouh
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Application, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
- Biotechnology Research Center CRBT, Constantine 25016, Algeria
| | - Sónia Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana S. Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Perez-Vazquez A, Carpena M, Barciela P, Cassani L, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Pressurized Liquid Extraction for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Seaweeds for Food Industry Application: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030612. [PMID: 36978860 PMCID: PMC10045370 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underutilized food in the Western world, but they are widely consumed in Asia, with China being the world’s larger producer. Seaweeds have gained attention in the food industry in recent years because of their composition, which includes polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, dietary fiber, and various bioactive compounds such as vitamins, essential minerals, phenolic compounds, and pigments. Extraction techniques, ranging from more traditional techniques such as maceration to novel technologies, are required to obtain these components. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a green technique that uses high temperatures and pressure applied in conjunction with a solvent to extract components from a solid matrix. To improve the efficiency of this technique, different parameters such as the solvent, temperature, pressure, extraction time and number of cycles should be carefully optimized. It is important to note that PLE conditions allow for the extraction of target analytes in a short-time period while using less solvent and maintaining a high yield. Moreover, the combination of PLE with other techniques has been already applied to extract compounds from different matrices, including seaweeds. In this way, the combination of PLE-SFE-CO2 seems to be the best option considering both the higher yields obtained and the economic feasibility of a scaling-up approximation. In addition, the food industry is interested in incorporating the compounds extracted from edible seaweeds into food packaging (including edible coating, bioplastics and bio-nanocomposites incorporated into bioplastics), food products and animal feed to improve their nutritional profile and technological properties. This review attempts to compile and analyze the current data available regarding the application of PLE in seaweeds to determine the use of this extraction technique as a method to obtain active compounds of interest for food industry application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perez-Vazquez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Paula Barciela
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
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4
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Castillo A, Celeiro M, Lores M, Grgić K, Banožić M, Jerković I, Jokić S. Bioprospecting of Targeted Phenolic Compounds of Dictyota dichotoma, Gongolaria barbata, Ericaria amentacea, Sargassum hornschuchii and Ellisolandia elongata from the Adriatic Sea Extracted by Two Green Methods. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:97. [PMID: 36827138 PMCID: PMC9962685 DOI: 10.3390/md21020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of bioactive compounds in four brown and one red algae from the Adriatic Sea (Dictyota dichotoma, Gongolaria barbata, Ericaria amentacea, Sargassum hornschuchii and Ellisolandia elongata) is explored. The efficiency of two different extraction methods viz. ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) to obtain the extracts rich in phenolic compounds was compared. The effect of the extraction solvent to modulate the phenolic profile was assessed. In general, the mixture ethanol/water in an isovolumetric proportion showed the best results. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA), as well as the individual polyphenolic profile, were evaluated for five target algae. TPC values ranged between 0.2 mg GAE/g (for E. elongata) and 38 mg GAE/g (for S. hornschuchii). Regarding the quantification of individual polyphenols by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, the presence of a high number of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (mainly of 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids) in all species was noted. In G. barbata their concentrations reached up to 500 mg/kg. IC50 values (ABTS assay) ranged between 44 mg/L (for S. hornschuchii) and 11,040 mg/L (for E. elongata). This work contributes to the in-depth characterization of these little-explored algae, showing their potential as a natural source of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Castillo
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- LIDSA, Departmesnt of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Celeiro
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- LIDSA, Departmesnt of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Lores
- LIDSA, Departmesnt of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kristina Grgić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Banožić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Stela Jokić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Zheng H, Zhao Y, Guo L. A Bioactive Substance Derived from Brown Seaweeds: Phlorotannins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:742. [PMID: 36547889 PMCID: PMC9785976 DOI: 10.3390/md20120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a type of natural active substance extracted from brown algae, which belong to a type of important plant polyphenol. Phloroglucinol is the basic unit in its structure. Phlorotannins have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, whitening, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, etc. Phlorotannins are mainly used in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics. This paper reviews the research progress of extraction, separation technology and biological activity of phlorotannins, which will help the scientific community investigate the greater biological significance of phlorotannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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6
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Marine algae colorants: Antioxidant, anti-diabetic properties and applications in food industry. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Methodological Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Valuable Bioactive Compounds from the Acidophilic Microalga Coccomyxa onubensis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071248. [PMID: 35883739 PMCID: PMC9312109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae grow in diverse environments and possess a great biotechnological potential as they contain useful bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds can be obtained by selective and energy-efficient extraction methods. Various industries are using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method to extract these valuable bioactive compounds. Hence, for the first time, we evaluated the effects of SFE on the recovery of bioactive and antioxidant compounds using Coccomyxa onubensis, a eukaryotic acidophilic microalga of potential relevance which can be used in the field of nutraceutical and functional foods. It was isolated from the Tinto River (Pyritic Belt, Huelva, Spain), a mining region in Spain. Variables such as extraction yield, lutein purity (LP) and recovery (LR), total phenols, and antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity method) were studied using a Box–Behnken design based on a response surface methodology along with the overall extraction curve fitted to a spline linear model. The effects of temperature (30, 50, and 70 °C), pressure (25, 40, and 55 MPa), and the percentage of co-solvent (0, 25%, and 50% v/v ethanol) on SFE were analyzed, resulting in the co-solvent and temperature as the most significant factors followed by the pressure. Under 70 °C, 40 MPa, and 50% v/v ethanol, C. onubensis reached a maximum of 66.98% of LR. The extracts were richest in total phenols and showed the maximum antioxidant activity (36.08 mg GAEs/g extracts and 2.237 mmol TE/g extracts, respectively) under similar pressure and co-solvent percentage values and different temperatures (30 and 70 °C, respectively). The extracts obtained in this study may have potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. SFE is a highly efficient method to valorize microorganisms living in extreme environments, which are so far unexplored using green extraction methods.
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8
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Purification and Identification of an ACE-Inhibitory Peptide from Gracilaria tenuistipitata Protein Hydrolysates. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible marine species are valuable sources of bioactive peptides. This study investigated the ACE-inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates from the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata. Fifteen groups of protein hydrolysates were prepared by a two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of G. tenuistipitata: initial hydrolysis with several glycolytic enzymes, followed by three separate proteolytic reactions (Alcalase, Neutrase and Flavourzyme) for 2–10 h. Results showed that the hydrolysate GTN4H had the highest ACE-inhibitory activity in vitro. Furthermore, oral administration of GTN4H significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Fraction A derived from GTN4H displayed the highest ACE-inhibitory activity among fractions. Further purification of fraction A by RP-HPLC obtained a purified peptide (MW: 1776 Da) with 17 amino acids and 95.4% ACE-inhibitory activity.
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9
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Putra VG, Mutiarahma S, Chaniago W, Rahmadi P, Kurnianto D, Hidayat C, Carrera C, Palma M, Setyaningsih W. An ultrasound-based technique for the analytical extraction of phenolic compounds in red algae. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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10
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Fernando IPS, Lee W, Ahn G. Marine algal flavonoids and phlorotannins; an intriguing frontier of biofunctional secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 42:23-45. [PMID: 34016003 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1922351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Algae are the oldest representatives of the plant world with reserves exceeding hundreds of millions of tons in the world's oceans. Currently, a growing interest is placed toward the use of algae as feedstocks for obtaining numerous natural products. Algae are a rich source of polyphenols that possess intriguing structural diversity. Among the algal polyphenols, phlorotannins, which are unique to brown seaweeds, and have immense value as potent modulators of biochemical processes linked to chronic diseases. In algae, flavonoids remain under-explored compared to other categories of polyphenols. Both phlorotannins and flavonoids are inclusive of compounds indicating a wide structural diversity. The present paper reviews the literature on the ecological significance, biosynthesis, structural diversity, and bioactivity of seaweed phlorotannins and flavonoids. The potential implementation of these chemical entities in functional foods, cosmeceuticals, medicaments, and as templates in drug design are described in detail, and perspectives are provided to tackle what are perceived to be the most momentous challenges related to the utilization of phlorotannins and flavonoids. Moving beyond: industrial biotechnology applications, metabolic engineering, total synthesis, biomimetic synthesis, and chemical derivatization of phlorotannins and flavonoids could broaden the research perspectives contributing to the health and economic up-gradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - WonWoo Lee
- Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, 99, Gohadoan-gil, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
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Okeke ES, Nweze EJ, Chibuogwu CC, Anaduaka EG, Chukwudozie KI, Ezeorba TPC. Aquatic Phlorotannins and Human Health: Bioavailability, Toxicity, and Future Prospects. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211056144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal chemists and pharmacognosists have relied on terrestrial sources for bioactive phytochemicals to manage and treat disease conditions. However, minimal interest is given to sea life, especially macroalgae and their inherent phytochemical reserves. Phlorotannins are a special class of phytochemicals mainly predominant in brown algae of marine and estuarine habitats. Phlorotannins are formed through the polymerization of phloroglucinol residues and derivatives via the polyketide (acetate–malonate) pathway. Studies over the past decades have implicated phlorotannins with several bioactivities, including anti-herbivory, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, radio-protective, adipogenic, anti-allergic, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) properties. All these activities are reflected in their applications as nutraceuticals and cosmeceutical agents. This article reviews the chemical composition of phlorotannins, their biological roles, and their applications. Moreover, very few studies on phlorotannin bioavailability, safety, and toxicity have been thoroughly reviewed. The paper concludes by suggesting exciting research questions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, P.R. China
- Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ekene John Nweze
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Meng W, Mu T, Sun H, Garcia-Vaquero M. Phlorotannins: A review of extraction methods, structural characteristics, bioactivities, bioavailability, and future trends. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Domínguez-Rodríguez G, García MC, Marina ML, Plaza M. Pressurized Liquid Extraction Combined with Enzymatic-Assisted Extraction to Obtain Bioactive Non-Extractable Polyphenols from Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L.) Pomace. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093242. [PMID: 34579121 PMCID: PMC8465171 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry generates large amounts of by-products within which pomace can be a source of bioactive phenolic compounds. Commonly, phenolic compounds have been obtained by conventional extraction methodologies. However, a significant fraction, called non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs), stays held in the conventional extraction residues. Therefore, in the present work, the release of NEPs from cherry pomace using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) using PromodTM enzyme is investigated for the first time. In order to study the influence of temperature, time, and pH on the NEPs extraction, a response surface methodology was carried out. PLE-EAE extracts displayed higher TPC (75 ± 8 mg GAE/100 g sample) as well as, PA content, and antioxidant capacity than the extracts obtained by PLE (with a TPC value of 14 ± 1 mg GAE/100 g sample) under the same extraction conditions, and those obtained by conventional methods (TPC of 8.30 ± 0.05 mg GAE/100 g sample). Thus, PLE-EAE treatment was more selective and sustainable to release NEPs from sweet cherry pomace compared with PLE without EAE treatment. Besides, size-exclusion chromatography profiles showed that PLE-EAE allowed obtaining NEPs with higher molecular weight (>8000 Da) than PLE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (G.D.-R.); (M.C.G.); (M.L.M.)
| | - María Concepción García
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (G.D.-R.); (M.C.G.); (M.L.M.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (G.D.-R.); (M.C.G.); (M.L.M.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (G.D.-R.); (M.C.G.); (M.L.M.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-885-6392
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14
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An Overview on Effects of Processing on the Nutritional Content and Bioactive Compounds in Seaweeds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092168. [PMID: 34574278 PMCID: PMC8471530 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the different processing technologies and the extraction techniques on the bioactive compounds and nutritional value of seaweeds is reviewed in this study. This work presents and discusses the main seaweeds treatments such as drying, heating, and culinary treatments, and how they affect their nutritional value, the bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity. Some examples of traditional and green extraction technologies for extracting seaweeds bioactive components are also presented. The last trends and research on the development of seaweed-based food products is also covered in this review. The use of environmentally friendly extraction procedures, as well as the development of new healthy seaweed-based foods, is expected to grow in the near future.
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Screening of Bioactive Properties in Brown Algae from the Northwest Iberian Peninsula. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081915. [PMID: 34441692 PMCID: PMC8394977 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae are an underexploited source of natural bioactive compounds in Western countries, so an increasing interest in the valorization of these marine organisms has emerged in recent years. In this work, the effect of extracting solvent on the extraction yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of nine brown macroalgae species (Ascophyllum nodosum, Himanthalia elongata, Undaria pinnatifida, Pelvetia canaliculata, Saccharina latissima, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Laminaria ochroleuca, Sargassum muticum, and Fucus spiralis) was assessed. Total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant properties of extracts by different assays: radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were performed. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was studied against six different foodborne microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest extraction yield was achieved in ethanolic extracts. However, the highest TPC and FRAP values were obtained on the ethyl acetate extracts, especially from A. nodosum. Concerning algal species, the highest TPC and FRAP values were found in A. nodosum, while the highest DPPH-RSA values were achieved in the hexane extracts of B. bifurcata. The antimicrobial activity of algal extracts varied according to the solvent and alga selected, suggesting the species- and solvent-dependent behavior of this property, with B. bifurcata extracts showing the highest results for a wide range of bacteria. Our results provide insight on the characterization of widespread brown algae in the coasts of the North-Western region of the Iberian Peninsula, reflecting multiple health-enhancing properties which may lead to their exploitation in food, pharmacological, and cosmetic industries.
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Effect of drying methods on biorefinery process to obtain capsanthin and phenolic compounds from Capsicum annuum L. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Silva M, Seijas P, Otero P. Exploitation of Marine Molecules to Manage Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070373. [PMID: 34203244 PMCID: PMC8307759 DOI: 10.3390/md19070373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are sociosanitary challenges of today, as a result of increased average life expectancy, with Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most prevalent. This pathology is characterized by brain impairment linked to a neurodegenerative process culminating in cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. Though the etiology of this pathology is still unknown, it is usually associated with the appearance of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The most used prophylaxis relies on anticholinesterase drugs and NMDA receptor antagonists, whose main action is to relieve symptoms and not to treat or prevent the disease. Currently, the scientific community is gathering efforts to disclose new natural compounds effective against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Marine natural products have been shown to be promising candidates, and some have been proven to exert a high neuroprotection effect, constituting a large reservoir of potential drugs and nutraceutical agents. The present article attempts to describe the processes of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds derived from sponges, algae, marine bacteria, invertebrates, crustaceans, and tunicates as drug candidates against AD, with a focus on the success of pharmacological activity in the process of finding new and effective drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Seijas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Paz Otero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, CITACA, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: or
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Hassan IH, Pham HNT, Nguyen TH. Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction conditions for phenolics, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Vietnamese brown seaweed (Padina australis). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - The Han Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Technology Nha Trang University Nha Trang City Vietnam
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Ummat V, Sivagnanam SP, Rajauria G, O'Donnell C, Tiwari BK. Advances in pre-treatment techniques and green extraction technologies for bioactives from seaweeds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Maximizing the Antioxidant Capacity of Padina pavonica by Choosing the Right Drying and Extraction Methods. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are becoming an interesting source of biologically active compounds with a promising application as nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients, and therapeutic agents. The effect of drying (freeze-drying, oven-drying, and shade-drying) and extraction methods (shaking at room temperature, shaking in an incubator at 60 °C, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)) on the total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and total tannins content (TTC), as well as antioxidant capacity of the water/ethanol extracts from Padina pavonica were investigated. The TPC, TFC, and TTC values of P. pavonica were in the range from 0.44 ± 0.03 to 4.32 ± 0.15 gallic acid equivalents in mg/g (mg GAE/g) dry algae, from 0.31 ± 0.01 to 2.87 ± 0.01 mg QE/g dry algae, and from 0.32 ± 0.02 to 10.41 ± 0.62 mg CE/g dry algae, respectively. The highest TPC was found in the freeze-dried sample in 50% ethanol, extracted by MAE (200 W, 60 °C, and 5 min). In all cases, freeze-dried samples extracted with ethanol (both 50% and 70%) had the higher antioxidant activity, while MAE as a green option reduces the extraction time without the loss of antioxidant activity in P. pavonica.
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Pereira AG, Fraga-Corral M, Garcia-Oliveira P, Lourenço-Lopes C, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. The Use of Invasive Algae Species as a Source of Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities: Spain as Case-Study. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:178. [PMID: 33805184 PMCID: PMC8064379 DOI: 10.3390/md19040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent decades, algae have proven to be a source of different bioactive compounds with biological activities, which has increased the potential application of these organisms in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, animal feed, and other industrial sectors. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in developing effective strategies for control and/or eradication of invasive algae since they have a negative impact on marine ecosystems and in the economy of the affected zones. However, the application of control measures is usually time and resource-consuming and not profitable. Considering this context, the valorization of invasive algae species as a source of bioactive compounds for industrial applications could be a suitable strategy to reduce their population, obtaining both environmental and economic benefits. To carry out this practice, it is necessary to evaluate the chemical and the nutritional composition of the algae as well as the most efficient methods of extracting the compounds of interest. In the case of northwest Spain, five algae species are considered invasive: Asparagopsis armata, Codium fragile, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Sargassum muticum, and Grateulopia turuturu. This review presents a brief description of their main bioactive compounds, biological activities, and extraction systems employed for their recovery. In addition, evidence of their beneficial properties and the possibility of use them as supplement in diets of aquaculture animals was collected to illustrate one of their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antia G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
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Trigueros E, Sanz M, Filipigh A, Beltrán S, Riaño P. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the industrial solid residue of red seaweed after agar extraction: Extracts characterization and modelling. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Gallego R, Bueno M, Chourio AM, Ibáñez E, Saldaña MD, Herrero M. Use of high and ultra-high pressure based-processes for the effective recovery of bioactive compounds from Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sánchez-Martínez JD, Bueno M, Alvarez-Rivera G, Tudela J, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A. In vitro neuroprotective potential of terpenes from industrial orange juice by-products. Food Funct 2020; 12:302-314. [PMID: 33300906 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sinensis (orange) by-products represent one of the most abundant citric residues from orange juice industrial production, and are a promising source of health-promoting compounds like terpenes. In this work, different extraction solvents have been employed to increase terpene extraction yield and selectivity from this orange juice by-product. A set of bioactivity assays including enzymatic (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX)) as well as antioxidant (ABTS, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)) activity tests have been applied to investigate the neuroprotective potential of these compounds. New fluorescence-based methodologies were developed for AChE and BChE assays to overcome the drawbacks of these tests when used in vitro to determine the anticholinergic activity of colored extracts. Comprehensive phytochemical profiling based on gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-qTOF-MS) analysis showed ahigh content of mono- and sesquiterpenes in the extracts obtained with ethyl acetate, whereas n-heptane extracts exhibited a large amount of triterpenes and carotenoids. From a neuroprotective activity point of view, ethyl acetate extract is the most promising due to its anticholinergic activity and antioxidant capacity. Finally, a multivariate data analysis revealed a good correlation between some monoterpenes (e.g. nerol or limonene) and the antioxidant capacity of the natural extract, while a group of sesquiterpenes (e.g.δ-Cadinene or nootkatone) showed correlation with the observed AChE, BChE and LOX inhibition capacity. Hydrocarbons mono- and sesquiterpenoids reveal high capacity in vitro to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Sánchez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Bueno
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Tudela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Reyes-Giraldo AF, Gutierrez-Montero DJ, Rojano BA, Andrade-Mahecha MM, Martínez-Correa HA. SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCESS OF OIL AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM CHONTADURO EPICARP. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Green ultra-high pressure extraction of bioactive compounds from Haematococcus pluvialis and Porphyridium cruentum microalgae. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Erpel F, Mateos R, Pérez-Jiménez J, Pérez-Correa JR. Phlorotannins: From isolation and structural characterization, to the evaluation of their antidiabetic and anticancer potential. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109589. [PMID: 33233195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phlorotannins are phenolic characteristic compounds of brown seaweeds that are only constituted by phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). They are chain- and net-like structures of diverse molecular weights and have been widely identified in Ecklonia, Eisenia, and Ishige species. Since the time they were discovered in the '70 s, phlorotannins have been suggested as a main factor responsible for the antimicrobial activities attributed to algae extracts. Currently, cumulative in vitro and in vivo research evidence the diverse bioactivities of phlorotannin extracts -such as antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial- pointing out their potential pharmacological and food applications. However, metabolomic studies and clinical trials are scarce, and thus many phlorotannins health-beneficial effects in humans are not yet confirmed. This article reviews recent studies assessing the antidiabetic and anticancer activities of phlorotannins. Particularly, their potential to prevent and control the progression of these non-communicable diseases is discussed, considering in vitro and animal studies, as well as clinical interventions. In contrast to other approaches, we only included investigations with isolated phlorotannins or phlorotannin-rich extracts. Thus, phlorotannin extraction, purification and characterization procedures are briefly addressed. Overall, although considerable research showing the antidiabetic and anticancer potential of phlorotannins is now available, further clinical trials are still necessary to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of these compounds as adjuvants for diabetes and cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Erpel
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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Ponthier E, Domínguez H, Torres M. The microwave assisted extraction sway on the features of antioxidant compounds and gelling biopolymers from Mastocarpus stellatus. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Jimenez-Lopez C, Pereira AG, Lourenço-Lopes C, Garcia-Oliveira P, Cassani L, Fraga-Corral M, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Main bioactive phenolic compounds in marine algae and their mechanisms of action supporting potential health benefits. Food Chem 2020; 341:128262. [PMID: 33038800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the growing tendency of consumers to choose products with natural ingredients, food industries have directed scientific research in this direction. In this regard, algae are an attractive option for the research, since they can synthesize a group of secondary metabolites, called phenolic compounds, associated with really promising properties and bioactivities. The objective of this work was to classify the major phenolic compounds, compare the effectiveness of the different extractive techniques used for their extraction, from traditional systems (like heat assisted extraction) to the most advance ones (such as ultrasound, microwave or supercritical fluid extraction); the available methods for identification and quantification; the stability of the enriched extract in phenolic compounds and the main bioactivities described for these secondary metabolites, to offer an overview of the situation to consider if it is possible and/or convenient an orientation of phenolic compounds from algae towards an industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - A G Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - C Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - P Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - L Cassani
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, RA7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - J Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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30
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Catarino MD, Silva A, Cruz MT, Mateus N, Silva AM, Cardoso SM. Phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus: Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6897. [PMID: 32962250 PMCID: PMC7554702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their large spectrum of bioactive properties, much attention has recently been drawn to phlorotannins-i.e., phenolic compounds characteristic from brown macroalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of F. vesiculosus phlorotannin extracts and purified fractions. Overall, the crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) showed good radical scavenging activity, particularly towards nitric oxide (NO•). Subsequent subfractions of EtOAc (F1 to F9) with different molecular weights were then shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced NO• production in macrophages, with stronger effects being observed for fractions of lower MWs. Of the three intracellular markers analyzed, inducible NO• synthase showed the highest sensitivity to almost all the phlorotannin-rich samples, followed by interleukin 1β and cyclooxygenase 2, which was only inhibited by F2. Furthermore, this subfraction inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory protein κBα, thus preventing the activation of NF-κB and blocking the inflammatory cascade at the transcriptional level. This sample was characterized by the presence of a major compound with a deprotonated molecular ion at m/z 507 with a fragmentation pattern coherent with that of a phlorotannin derivative. Overall, this work unveiled some of the mechanistic aspects behind the anti-inflammatory capacity of phlorotannins from F. vesiculosus, endorsing its use as a possible natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D. Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Ana Silva
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria T. Cruz
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Artur M.S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (A.M.S.S.)
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Cassani L, Gomez-Zavaglia A, Jimenez-Lopez C, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Seaweed-based natural ingredients: Stability of phlorotannins during extraction, storage, passage through the gastrointestinal tract and potential incorporation into functional foods. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109676. [PMID: 33233253 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adding value to seaweed by extracting their different bioactive compounds and incorporating them into foods represent an interesting and strategic approach to diversify the functional foods offer. However, once harvested, fresh seaweed must overcome a sequence of crucial steps to confer their biological activity. Pre-processing operations and extraction processes, as well as long-term storage, play important roles in improving or decreasing the phlorotannins content. In their way to the gut (biological target), phlorotannins are exposed to the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), where the physiological pH and digestive enzymes can significantly affect the phlorotannins' stability and thus, alter their biological activity. Besides, the subsequent incorporation into foodstuffs could be limited due to sensory issues, as tannins have been associated with astringency and bitter taste, and thus effective phlorotannins doses may negatively affect the sensory attributes of foods. These drawbacks expose the need of applying smart strategies to develop a final product providing the necessary protective mechanisms to maintain the active molecular form of phlorotannins up to the consumption time, also controlling their release upon arrival to the gut. In this context, the impact of these technological processes (from pre-processing to the passage through the GIT) on phlorotannins stability, as well as the innovative developed approaches to overcome these issues will be deeply discussed in this review. Besides, recent findings related to the phlorotannins' health benefits will be pointed out. Special attention on the potential incorporation of phlorotannins into functional foods will be also put it on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cassani
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, RA7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), RA1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Getachew AT, Jacobsen C, Holdt SL. Emerging Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Phenolics: Opportunities and Challenges. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E389. [PMID: 32726930 PMCID: PMC7459876 DOI: 10.3390/md18080389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural phenolic compounds are important classes of plant, microorganism, and algal secondary metabolites. They have well-documented beneficial biological activities. The marine environment is less explored than other environments but have huge potential for the discovery of new unique compounds with potential applications in, e.g., food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. To survive in a very harsh and challenging environment, marine organisms like several seaweed (macroalgae) species produce and accumulate several secondary metabolites, including marine phenolics in the cells. Traditionally, these compounds were extracted from their sample matrix using organic solvents. This conventional extraction method had several drawbacks such as a long extraction time, low extraction yield, co-extraction of other compounds, and usage of a huge volume of one or more organic solvents, which consequently results in environmental pollution. To mitigate these drawbacks, newly emerging technologies, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have received huge interest from researchers around the world. Therefore, in this review, the most recent and emerging technologies are discussed for the extraction of marine phenolic compounds of interest for their antioxidant and other bioactivity in, e.g., cosmetic and food industry. Moreover, the opportunities and the bottleneck for upscaling of these technologies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 204, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; (A.T.G.); (S.L.H.)
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Application of Box-Behnken Design and Desirability Function for Green Prospection of Bioactive Compounds from Isochrysis galbana. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A microalga, Isochrysis galbana, was chosen in this study for its potent natural antioxidant composition. A broad bioactive compounds spectrum such as carotenoids, fatty acid polyunsaturated (PUFA), and antioxidant activity are described with numerous functional properties. However, most of the optimization of extraction use toxic solvents or consume a lot of it becoming an environmental concern. In this research, a Box-Behnken design with desirability function was used to prospect the bioactive composition by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) after performing the kinetics curve to obtain the optimal extraction time minimizing operational costs in the process. The parameters studied were: pressure (20–40 MPa), temperature (40–60 °C), and co-solvent (0–8% ethanol) with a CO2 flow rate of 7.2 g/min for 120 min. The response variables evaluated in I. galbana were extraction yield, carotenoids content and recovery, total phenols, antioxidant activity (TEAC method, trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity method), and fatty acid profile and content. In general, improvement in all variables was observed using an increase in ethanol concentration used as a co-solvent (8% v/v ethanol) high pressure (40 MPa), and moderately high temperature (50 °C). The fatty acids profile was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) primarily linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). Therefore, I. galbana extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction showed relevant functional ingredients for use in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Dobrinčić A, Balbino S, Zorić Z, Pedisić S, Bursać Kovačević D, Elez Garofulić I, Dragović-Uzelac V. Advanced Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Brown Algal Polysaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E168. [PMID: 32197494 PMCID: PMC7143672 DOI: 10.3390/md18030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, brown algae bioactive polysaccharides laminarin, alginate and fucoidan have been isolated and used in functional foods, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries. The extraction process of these polysaccharides includes several complex and time-consuming steps and the correct adjustment of extraction parameters (e.g., time, temperature, power, pressure, solvent and sample to solvent ratio) greatly influences the yield, physical, chemical and biochemical properties as well as their biological activities. This review includes the most recent conventional procedures for brown algae polysaccharides extraction along with advanced extraction techniques (microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and enzymes assisted extraction) which can effectively improve extraction process. The influence of these extraction techniques and their individual parameters on yield, chemical structure and biological activities from the most current literature is discussed, along with their potential for commercial applications as bioactive compounds and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dobrinčić
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.); (D.B.K.); (I.E.G.); (V.D.-U.)
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Santos SAO, Félix R, Pais ACS, Rocha SM, Silvestre AJD. The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E847. [PMID: 31835386 PMCID: PMC6995553 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- On Leave MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Adriana C. S. Pais
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- QOPNA/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
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Dong X, Bai Y, Xu Z, Shi Y, Sun Y, Janaswamy S, Yu C, Qi H. Phlorotannins from Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll: Extraction, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E434. [PMID: 31344874 PMCID: PMC6723497 DOI: 10.3390/md17080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll (U. pinnatifida) is a major byproduct of U. pinnatifida (a brown algae) processing. Its phenolic constituents, phlorotannins, are of special interest due to their intrinsic ability to precipitate proteins. Herein, a high-temperature extraction procedure was used to isolate these biologically active compounds. The heating temperature, heating time, and extraction solvent (ethanol) concentration were examined with response surface analysis to determine the optimal conditions to achieve the maximum extraction rate. The analysis revealed the optimal conditions to be: 170 °C of heating temperature, 5.2 h of heating time, and 52% ethanol concentration for a yield of 10.7 ± 0.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (GAE/g DW) of sample. Compared to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the extracted phlorotannins displayed higher antioxidant activity on H2O2-induced RAW 264.7 cells with improved efficiency. Furthermore, the compounds exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. These findings potentially can be utilized to guide development of novel functional foods and food supplements from sea-originated resources such as brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Srinivas Janaswamy
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Chenxu Yu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
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Gallego R, Bueno M, Herrero M. Sub- and supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from plants, food-by-products, seaweeds and microalgae – An update. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effects of high hydrostatic pressure and polysaccharidases on the extraction of antioxidant compounds from red macroalgae, Palmaria palmata and Solieria chordalis. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Generalić Mekinić I, Skroza D, Šimat V, Hamed I, Čagalj M, Popović Perković Z. Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E244. [PMID: 31234538 PMCID: PMC6628088 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, isolations and chemical characterizations of secondary metabolites with proved biological activities have been of interest for numerous research groups across the world. Phenolics, as one of the largest and most widely distributed group of phytochemicals, have gained special attention due to their pharmacological activity and array of health-promoting benefits. Reports on phenolic potentials of marine algae, especially brown algae (Pheophyceae) that are characterized by the presence of phlorotannins, are still scarce. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge about phenolic potential of different brown algae species (74 species from 7 different orders). Studies on brown algae phenolics usually involve few species, thus the focus of this review is to provide information about the phenolic potential of reported algae species and to get an insight into some issues related to the applied extraction procedures and determination/quantification methods to facilitate the comparison of results from different studies. The information provided through this review should be useful for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the brown algae as a source of valuable phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Imen Hamed
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Parada J, Pérez-Correa JR, Pérez-Jiménez J. Design of low glycemic response foods using polyphenols from seaweed. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Gümüş Yılmaz G, Gómez Pinchetti JL, Cifuentes A, Herrero M, Ibáñez E. Comparison of Extraction Techniques and Surfactants for the Isolation of Total Polyphenols and Phlorotannins from the Brown Algae Lobophora variegata. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1597878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülçin Gümüş Yılmaz
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Juan Luis Gómez Pinchetti
- Muelle de Taliarte s/n, Spanish Bank of Algae, Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG), Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Casas MP, Conde E, Domínguez H, Moure A. Ecofriendly extraction of bioactive fractions from Sargassum muticum. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Barbosa M, Lopes G, Andrade PB, Valentão P. Bioprospecting of brown seaweeds for biotechnological applications: Phlorotannin actions in inflammation and allergy network. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ballesteros-Vivas D, Álvarez-Rivera G, Del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo A, Ibáñez E, Parada-Alfonso F, Cifuentes A. A multi-analytical platform based on pressurized-liquid extraction, in vitro assays and liquid chromatography/gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for food by-products valorisation. Part 1: Withanolides-rich fractions from goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) calyces obtained after extraction optimization as case study. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1584:155-164. [PMID: 30553502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a multi-analytical platform that allows obtaining and characterizing high-added value compounds from natural sources is presented, with a huge potential in traditional medicine, natural products characterization, functional foods, etc. Namely, the proposed multi-analytical platform is based on the combination of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry GC-q-TOF-MS(/MS), in vitro assays and modelling tools for guiding extraction optimization. As case study, goldenberry or cape gooseberry fruit (Physalys peruviana L.) was selected. In particular, the potential of P. peruviana calyces, an important by-product of goldenberry processing, as promising source of bioactive compounds was evaluated. Selection of the most suitable solvent for PLE was based on the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) approach using 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (4βHWE) and withanolide E (WE) as target compounds due to their bioactive potential. A surface response methodology was further applied for the optimization of the PLE parameters: temperature (50, 100 and 150 °C) and solvent composition (% EtOH in the mixture EtOH/EtOAc). The effects of the independent variables on extraction yield, withanolides content (4βHWE and WE), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (EC50 and TEAC) were evaluated in order to obtain withanolide-rich extracts from P. peruviana calyces. The extract obtained under optimal conditions (at 125 °C and 75% EtOH v/v) exhibited satisfactory extraction yield (14.7%) and moderate antioxidant activity (with an EC50 value of 77.18 μg mL-1 and 1.08 mM trolox g-1), with 4βHWE and WE concentrations of 8.8 and 2.3 mg g-1, respectively. LC-q-TOF-MS/MS analysis of the extract allowed the quantitation of 4βHWE and WE and the tentative identification of several other withanolides structures. The obtained results demonstrate the great potential of this multi-analytical approach for developing valorisation strategies of food by-products under sustainable conditions, to obtain bioactive-enriched extracts with potential medicinal or health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ballesteros-Vivas
- High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 #45-03, Bogotá, D.C., 111321, Colombia; Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo
- High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 #45-03, Bogotá, D.C., 111321, Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabián Parada-Alfonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 #45-03, Bogotá, D.C., 111321, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Sosa-Hernández JE, Escobedo-Avellaneda Z, Iqbal HMN, Welti-Chanes J. State-of-the-Art Extraction Methodologies for Bioactive Compounds from Algal Biome to Meet Bio-Economy Challenges and Opportunities. Molecules 2018; 23:E2953. [PMID: 30424551 PMCID: PMC6278541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, significant research efforts have been made to extract bioactive compounds by applying different methodologies for various applications. For instance, the use of bioactive compounds in several commercial sectors such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and chemical industries, has promoted the need of the most suitable and standardized methods to extract these bioactive constituents in a sophisticated and cost-effective manner. In practice, several conventional extraction methods have numerous limitations, e.g., lower efficacy, high energy cost, low yield, etc., thus urges for new state-of-the-art extraction methodologies. Thus, the optimization along with the integration of efficient pretreatment strategies followed by traditional extraction and purification processes, have been the primary goal of current research and development studies. Among different sources, algal biome has been found as a promising and feasible source to extract a broader spectrum of bioactive compounds with point-of-care application potentialities. As evident from the literature, algal bio-products includes biofuels, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, enzymes, polysaccharides, and proteins. The recovery of products from algal biomass is a matter of constant development and progress. This review covers recent advancements in the extraction methodologies such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized-liquid extraction (PLF) along with their working mechanism for extracting bioactive compounds from algal-based sources to meet bio-economy challenges and opportunities. A particular focus has been given to design characteristics, performance evaluation, and point-of-care applications of different bioactive compounds of microalgae. The previous and recent studies on the anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral potentialities of algal-based bioactive compounds have also been discussed with particular reference to the mechanism underlying the effects of these active constituents with the related pathways. Towards the end, the information is also given on the possible research gaps, future perspectives and concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Pinteus S, Lemos MF, Alves C, Neugebauer A, Silva J, Thomas OP, Botana LM, Gaspar H, Pedrosa R. Marine invasive macroalgae: Turning a real threat into a major opportunity - the biotechnological potential of Sargassum muticum and Asparagopsis armata. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Enzyme assisted extraction of biomolecules as an approach to novel extraction technology: A review. Food Res Int 2018; 108:309-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mazzutti S, Rodrigues LGG, Mezzomo N, Venturi V, Ferreira SRS. Integrated green-based processes using supercritical CO2 and pressurized ethanol applied to recover antioxidant compouds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) bean hulls. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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