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Banno A, Yabuki Y, Sonoda M, Tanimori S. Investigation of variability in the matrix effect on stable isotope-labeled internal standards in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 25 pesticides in vegetables. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2024; 49:65-76. [PMID: 38882703 PMCID: PMC11176049 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The matrix effects (ME) in simultaneous analysis of pesticide residue using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were evaluated by comparing the slopes of matrix-matched and reagent-only calibrations of four types of vegetable samples. Both the sampling and measurement variances of the ME were also determined using one-way analysis of variance. Substantial ion suppression (ME<-20%) was observed in komatsuna, spinach, and tomato when a modified Japanese official method was implemented. The ME magnitude varied significantly due to sample variability for some pesticides, but it varied by no more than 4% as a result of analytical procedure variance. This study also showed that the addition of stable isotope-labeled internal standards at low concentrations improved the recovery of pesticides from samples at various residue levels. The findings of this study highlight the importance and practical application of internal standards and the matrix-matched calibration method in residue analysis using LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Banno
- Department of Environmental Research, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Yoshinori Yabuki
- Department of Environmental Research, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
| | - Motohiro Sonoda
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Shinji Tanimori
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University
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2
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Jia Q, Liao GQ, Chen L, Qian YZ, Yan X, Qiu J. Pesticide residues in animal-derived food: Current state and perspectives. Food Chem 2024; 438:137974. [PMID: 37979266 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in the cultivation and breeding of agricultural products all over the world. However, their direct use or indirect pollution in animal breeding may lead to residual accumulation, migration, and metabolism in animal-derived foods, posing potential health risks to humans through the food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to detect pesticide residues in animal-derived food using simple, reliable, and sensitive methods. This review summarizes sample extraction and clean-up methods, as well as the instrumental determination technologies such as chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry for residual analysis in animal-derived foods, including meat, eggs and milk. Additionally, we perspectives on the future of this field. This information aims to assist relevant researchers in this area, contribute to the development of ideas and novel technical methods for residual detection, metabolic research and risk assessment of pesticides in animal-derived food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guang-Qin Liao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue Yan
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd./Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality & Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 610023, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Nazar N, Kumaran AK, Athira AS, Sivadas M, Panda SK, Banerjee K, Chatterjee NS. Untargeted metabolomics reveals potential health risks associated with chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 2-Phenylphenol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169172. [PMID: 38101641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals through foods of aquatic origin, at levels that are commonly found in the environment, can affect metabolic health and lead to metabolic diseases. One such chemical is 2-phenylphenol (2-PP), a suspected endocrine disruptor that is used extensively in agriculture and industry, and has become a widespread pollutant in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the risk of exposure to 2-PP through foods of aquatic origin from Vembanad Lake, using a Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and an untargeted metabolomics approach. The study found that 2-PP content was higher in samples from areas with intense industrial, tourism, and agricultural activities. The average concentration of 2-PP in fish, crustaceans, and mollusks from the Vembanad estuary ranged from 0.012 to 0.017 mg/kg. The mean concentration of 2-PP was used to assess the THQ of exposure to the coastal population. The results showed that the THQ value was <1, indicating a low to moderate health risk for both adults and children. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach using HPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS was used to study the metabolome changes associated with chronic exposure to 2-PP (at the environmentally relevant concentration) over 60 days in the Wistar albino rat model. The findings indicated significant alterations in the phospholipid, fatty acid, sterol lipid, and amino acid profiles, suggesting that chronic exposure to 2-PP at environmentally relevant concentrations could affect purine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Nazar
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India; Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682016, India
| | | | - A S Athira
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Megha Sivadas
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Satyen Kumar Panda
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India; Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India
| | - Niladri Sekhar Chatterjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India.
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4
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Padioleau A, Cariou R, Guiffard I, Le Bizec B, Escher BI, Antignac JP, Dervilly G. Non-targeted analysis of lipidic extracts by high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterise the chemical exposome: Comparison of four clean-up strategies applied to egg. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123963. [PMID: 38101287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biota samples are used to monitor chemical stressors and their impact on the ecosystem and to describe dietary chemical exposure. These complex matrices require an extraction step followed by clean-up to avoid damaging sensitive analytical instruments based on chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. While interest for non-targeted analysis (NTA) is increasing, there is no versatile or generic sample preparation for a wide range of contaminants suitable for a diversity of biotic matrices. Among the contaminants' variety, persistent contaminants are mostly hydrophobic (mid- to non-polar) and bio-magnify through the lipidic fraction. During their extraction, lipids are generally co-extracted, which may cause matrix effect during the analysis such as hindering the acquired signal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four clean-up methods to selectively remove lipids from extracts prior to NTA. We evaluated (i) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (ii) Captiva EMR-lipid cartridge (EMR), (iii) sulphuric acid degradation (H2SO4) and (iv) polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) for their efficiency to remove lipids from hen egg extracts. Gas and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry fitted with either electron ionisation or electrospray ionisation sources operating in positive and negative modes were used to determine the performances of the clean-up methods. A set of 102 chemicals with a wide range of physico-chemical properties that covers the chemical space of mid- to non-polar contaminants, was used to assess and compare recoveries and matrix effects. Matrix effects, that could hinder the mass spectrometer signal, were lower for extracts cleaned-up with H2SO4 than for the ones cleaned-up with PDMS, EMR and GPC. The recoveries were satisfactory for both GPC and EMR while those determined for PDMS and H2SO4 were low due to poor partitioning and degradation/dissociation of the compounds, respectively. The choice of the clean-up methods, among those assessed, should be a compromise that takes into account the matrix under consideration, the levels and the physico-chemical properties of the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beate I Escher
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Park H, Kim E, Lee TH, Park S, Choi JD, Moon G. Multiclass Method for the Determination of Anthelmintic and Antiprotozoal Drugs in Livestock Products by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:914-937. [PMID: 37701750 PMCID: PMC10493560 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish a multi-residue quantitative method for the analysis of anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drugs in various livestock products (beef, pork, and chicken) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Each compound performed validation at three different levels i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2× the maximum residue limit according to the CODEX guidelines (CAC/GL 71-2009). This study was conducted according to the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure. The matrix-matched calibrations gave correlation coefficients >0.98, and the obtained recoveries were in the range of 60.2%-119.9%, with coefficients of variation ≤32.0%. Furthermore, the detection and quantification limits of the method were in the ranges of 0.03-3.2 and 0.1-9.7 μg/kg, respectively. Moreover, a survey of residual anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drugs was also carried out in 30 samples of beef, pork, and chicken collected in Korea. Toltrazuril sulfone was detected in all three samples. Thus, our results indicated that the developed method is suitable for determining the anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drug contents in livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Park
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues
Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of
Food and Drug Safety, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues
Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of
Food and Drug Safety, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues
Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of
Food and Drug Safety, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Sihyun Park
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues
Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of
Food and Drug Safety, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Jang-Duck Choi
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues
Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of
Food and Drug Safety, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Guiim Moon
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues
Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of
Food and Drug Safety, Osong 28159, Korea
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6
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Kim SH, Lee YH, Jeong MJ, Gwon DY, Lee JH, Shin Y, Choi H. LC-MS/MS Method Minimizing Matrix Effect for the Analysis of Bifenthrin and Butachlor in Chinese Chives and Its Application for Residual Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081683. [PMID: 37107478 PMCID: PMC10137788 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix effect refers to the change in the analytical signal caused by the matrix in which the sample is contained, as well as the impurities that are co-eluted with the target analyte. In crop sample analysis using LC-MS/MS, the matrix effect can affect the quantification results. Chinese chives are likely to exhibit a strong matrix effect when co-extracted with bifenthrin and butachlor due to the presence of phytochemicals and chlorophyll. A novel analytical method was developed to reduce the matrix effects of bifenthrin and butachlor to a negligible level in Chinese chives. The established method had a limit of quantitation of 0.005 mg/kg and correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 within the range of 0.005-0.5 mg/kg. Matrix effects were found to be negligible, with values ranging from -18.8% to 7.2% in four different sources of chives and two leafy vegetables. Compared to conventional analytical methods for the LOQ and matrix effect, the established method demonstrated improved performances. The analytical method was further applied in a residual study in chive fields. The active ingredient of butachlor 5 granule (GR) was not detected after soil admixture application, while that of bifenthrin 1 emulsifiable concentrate (EC) showed a range from 1.002 to 0.087 mg/kg after foliar spraying. The dissipation rate constant (k) of bifenthrin was determined to be 0.115, thus its half-life was calculated to be 6.0 days. From the results, PHI and safety use standards of both pesticides were suggested. The developed analytical method can be applied to accurately determine bifenthrin and butachlor residues in Chinese chives and provides a foundation for further research on the fate and behavior of these pesticides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Ju Jeong
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeong Gwon
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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7
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Ahammed Shabeer TP, Somkuwar R, Sharma AK, Deshmukh U, Hingmire S. Multi-residue method validation, processing factor and monitoring of thirteen targeted fungicide residues in the process of wine making. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Ma L, Cui Y, Wang F, Liu H, Cheng W, Peng L, Brennan C, Benjakul S, Xiao G. Fast and sensitive UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of typical α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and malondialdehyde in various vegetable oils and oil-based foods. Food Chem 2023; 400:134028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Wang Y, Fu L, Xu Z, Ji S, Zhuang P. Determination of Cyazofamid and Its Metabolite in Oily Agricultural Products with HPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:970-976. [PMID: 35141758 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of cyazofamid and its major metabolite 4-Chloro-5-(4-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile (CCIM) in oily samples. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, which contained 1% acetic acid and cleaned-up with C18 and Florisil absorbents. Recoveries ranged from 75.91% to 109.85% with coefficients of variation from 5.14% to 10.69%. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were >0.0020 mg kg-1 and ≤0.0040 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were smaller than maximum residue levels established by Australia for oily samples. The proposed fragmentation pathway of cyazofamid and CCIM were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wang
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Lingmei Fu
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Shaofan Ji
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Peng Zhuang
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
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10
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Lee SH, Kwak SY, Sarker A, Moon JK, Kim JE. Optimization of a Multi-Residue Analytical Method during Determination of Pesticides in Meat Products by GC-MS/MS. Foods 2022; 11:2930. [PMID: 36230007 PMCID: PMC9563028 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a multi-residue analysis was developed for 32 compounds, including pesticides and metabolites, in five meat products using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The validation of the developed analytical method was also evaluated in accordance with Codex Alimentarius guidelines. Aminopropyl (NH2), C18, and florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used to evaluate and optimize the cleanup procedure of the tested samples prior to GC-MS/MS analysis. Based on the analytical performance, the C18 SPE cartridge was deemed to be the most suitable among the examined SPE cartridges. The optimized method demonstrated that 29 out of 32 tested compounds acquired good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), and 25 tested compounds displayed the method limit of quantification (MLOQ) ≤ 0.01 mg/kg. Out of the 32 tested compounds, only 21 compounds met the acceptable analytical criteria for the lard and tallow samples, compared to 27 compounds in the beef, pork, and chicken samples that falls within the acceptable standards for recovery (70-120%) and analytical precision (relative standard deviation RSD ≤ 20%). The average matrix effect was widely varied (20.1-64.8%) in the studied meat samples that were affected by either ion enhancement or suppression. In particular, in the lard sample, 13 compounds showed poor recovery and analytical precision due to ion suppression. Thus, the matrix effect (ME) was considered a critical factor during multi-residue pesticide analysis in different meat products. In conclusion, this developed analytical method can be used as a routine monitoring system for residual pesticide analysis in livestock products with acceptable analytical standards. Further meticulous analytical studies should be optimized and validated for multi-residue pesticide analysis in diversified meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeob Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Kwak
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Joon-Kwan Moon
- School of Plant Resources and Landscape Architecture, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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11
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Luo X, Wang X, Du M, Xu X. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by HS-SPME for the Determination of Flavor Enhancers in Seafood Using GC-MS. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101507. [PMID: 35627077 PMCID: PMC9140692 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of flavor compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be severely interfered with by complex food matrices in food systems, especially solid samples. In this study, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was applied prior to HS-SPME to efficiently reduce the matrix effect in solid seafood samples. The method had high sensitivity (the quantification limits of maltol and ethyl maltol were 15 and 5 μg/kg, respectively), an excellent linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.996), and the sample recovery rate was 89.0–118.6%. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) values for maltol and ethyl maltol were lower than 10%. Maltol (from 0.7 to 2.2 μg/g) and ethyl maltol (from 0.9 to 34.7 μg/g) in seafood were detected in the selected samples by the developed method. Finally, DLLME coupled with HS-SPME effectively removed the influence of sample matrix and improved the sensitivity of the method. The developed method was applicable in the analysis of flavor enhancers in complex matrix foods.
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12
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Kandaswamy C, Presley D, Ahammed TPS, Anadaram S. Improved chromatographic performance in red chilli powder pesticide residue quantitation by retention gap introduction in gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1692-1703. [PMID: 35531408 PMCID: PMC9046519 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of agrochemical residues in red chilli powder is always considered difficult because of higher matrix interference due to carotenoid pigments and other co-extractives. During the sample preparation, matrix components were co-extracted along with the target compounds leading to frequent source cleaning, changing of liner and column. Efforts were made to improve the chromatographic performance by optimizing sample preparation, choosing matrix-free transitions and introducing a retention gap. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction was experimented using different dispersive adsorbents and the purified extract was analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) system. 84 pesticides under different class were validated and established a limit of quantification of 0.002-0.007 mgkg-1. The recovery was between 70 and 110% at 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 mgkg-1 fortification level and corresponding precision was between 3 and 16% RSD. Suitability of the validated method was established through analysis of market samples of chilli powder for the quantitation of targeted pesticide residues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05177-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davis Presley
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110 India
| | - T. P. Shabeer Ahammed
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 4123072 India
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13
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Patil R, Chatterjee NS, Kamble N, Nerpagar A, Langade N, Kandaswamy C, Presley SID, Banerjee K. Multiresidue analysis of pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in poultry meat and chicken eggs by GC-MS/MS: method development and validation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:263-283. [PMID: 35452352 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2047390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study uses gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to develop a reliable analytical approach for detecting multiclass pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in poultry meat and chicken eggs. The meat (2 g) and egg (4 g) samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile (10 mL) as part of the optimized sample preparation technique. The cleanup consisted of freezing an aliquot of the extract (5 mL) at -20 °C, followed by dispersive solid phase extraction using 50 mg PSA + 100 mg C18+150 mg MgSO4. The matrix co-extractives were effectively removed and the method performance met the European Commission's analytical quality control criteria (SANTE/12682/2019). The method was validated at two spiking levels (10 and 20 ng/g of 225 pesticides, 9 PAHs and 8 PCBs), and good recoveries (70-120%) and precision-RSDs (≤20%) were achieved for 90% of the targeted pesticide residues. For 80% of the compounds, the LOQs were ≤10 ng/g. The results of the intra-laboratory (involving six analysts) and inter-laboratory validation studies (involving eight ISO 17025 accredited laboratories) established satisfactory ruggedness and reproducibility. It created potential applications in commercial residue testing laboratories for regulatory compliance check purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Patil
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | | | - Narayan Kamble
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | - Apurva Nerpagar
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | - Nagnath Langade
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | | | - S I Davis Presley
- Chemistry, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
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14
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Kumar GP, Xavier KM, Nayak BB, Kumar SH, Gudipati V, Benerjee K, Priyadarshini BM, Balange AK. Quality evaluation of vacuum‐pack ready to eat hot smoked pangasius fillets during refrigerated storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Praveen Kumar
- Department of Fish Processing Technology APFU‐College of Fishery Science Muthukur‐524344 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - K.A. Martin Xavier
- Department of Post‐Harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova Mumbai‐400061 Maharashtra India
| | - Binaya Bhusan Nayak
- Department of Post‐Harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova Mumbai‐400061 Maharashtra India
| | - Sanath H Kumar
- Department of Post‐Harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova Mumbai‐400061 Maharashtra India
| | | | - Kaushik Benerjee
- National Referral Laboratory ICAR‐National Research Centre for Grapes Manjri Pune 412307 Maharashtra India
| | - Bhargavi M Priyadarshini
- Department of Fish Processing Technology & Engg College of Fisheries Central AgricultureUniversity Lembucherra, Agartala, Tripura (West)‐799210
| | - Amjad K. Balange
- Department of Post‐Harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova Mumbai‐400061 Maharashtra India
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15
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Determining β-lactam antibiotics in aquaculture products by modified QuECHERS combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Onopiuk A, Kołodziejczak K, Marcinkowska-Lesiak M, Poltorak A. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using different extraction methods and HPLC-FLD detection in smoked and grilled meat products. Food Chem 2022; 373:131506. [PMID: 34758433 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in meat products are formed, among others, as a by-product of thermal processing such as smoking or grilling. Due their highly toxic effects on the human organism, it is necessary to monitor PAH content in food products and develop appropriate analytical methods for their determination. The aim of this study was to compare PAH content in meat products subjected to smoking or grilling process. PAH content was determined using three different analytical methods, verified for efficiency using the external standard method. The results showed that smoking led to higher PAH contamination compared to grilling. Extraction by saponification and SPE method was the most effective for the detection and quantification of PAHs. The samples analyzed using this method showed the highest PAH content and recoveries. The results of the study showed a significant effect of the extraction method on the recovery levels and PAH content in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onopiuk
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 32, Warsaw 02-776, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Kołodziejczak
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 32, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Monika Marcinkowska-Lesiak
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 32, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Andrzej Poltorak
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 32, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
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17
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Wongmaneepratip W, Leong M, Yang H. Quantification and risk assessment of pyrethroid residues in seafood based on nanoparticle-extraction approach. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Dubocq F, Bæringsdóttir BB, Wang T, Kärrman A. Comparison of extraction and clean-up methods for comprehensive screening of organic micropollutants in fish using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131743. [PMID: 34388434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the vast number of micropollutants in the environment by using comprehensive chemical screening is a major analytical challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate a comprehensive analysis method for screening purposes of fish muscle samples by comparing sample preparation methods for a broad range of mid-to non-polar contaminants. Five extraction and three clean-up methods were evaluated for the analysis of 60 compounds with a log Kow range between 0.8 and 8.3 in fish. Both fresh and freeze-dried muscle tissue and extraction sodium sulphate blanks were included to assess recoveries and matrix effects. The performance of the different methods was evaluated using both comprehensive target and nontarget analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The results showed that open-column and ultrasonication extractions (recoveries mostly between 20 and 160 %) resulted in higher recoveries than accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (recoveries mostly between 20 and 80 %) and bead mixer homogenization extractions (recoveries between 0 and 50 % for the whole Kow range). Multilayer silica was the clean-up method resulting in the lowest matrix effects and highest recoveries, however some compounds (mostly pesticides) were denatured under the acidic conditions used. The convenient and time efficient ultrasonication extraction followed by deactivated silica clean-up proved to be promising for both target and nontarget approaches. The large difference in recoveries and number of detected peaks using target and nontarget approaches between fresh and freeze-dried fish seen for all methods calls for careful consideration, and further studies are needed to improve performance for screening of mid-to non-polar compounds in freeze-dried fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Dubocq
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | | | - Thanh Wang
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Kärrman
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
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19
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Kim YR, Kang HS. Multi-residue determination of twenty aminoglycoside antibiotics in various food matrices by dispersive solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Li L, Yin Y, Zheng G, Liu S, Zhao C, Xie W, Ma L, Shan Q, Dai X, Wei L. Determination of multiclass herbicides in sediments and aquatic products using QuECHERS combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and its application to risk assessment of rice-fish co-culture system in China. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Analysis of factors that influence the PAH profile and amount in meat products subjected to thermal processing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Wang XF, Wang Q, Yang JL, Zhao DH. Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Bivalve Mollusks by Amino-Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1941073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Lab. of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Lab. of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lan Yang
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Centre of Ocean and Fishery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hao Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Lab. of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Guo Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Wu X, Dong F, Liu X, Zheng Y. An Integrated Strategy for Purification by Combining Solid-Phase Extraction with Dispersive-Solid-Phase Extraction for Detecting 22 Pesticides and Metabolite Residues in Fish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7199-7208. [PMID: 34142545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A robust isotope-labeled internal standard method was established for the detection of 22 pesticides and metabolite residues in four kinds of fish; two were from freshwater fish, and two were from marine fish. Pesticides with wide application possibilities in rice in China, strong leaching to water, or high bioconcentration factors (BCF) in fish were selected. The samples were extracted with 1% acetic acid-99% acetonitrile. The extracts were first purified by solid-phase extraction (PEP-plus), cleaned with dispersive-solid-phase extraction (PSA and C18), and finally analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that good linearities for the target compounds were observed in the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient (R2) of each compound was greater than 0.99. The recoveries of the method were within 70-120% with RSDs <20% at three different spiked concentration levels (0.5, 5, and 100 ng/g). The quantitative limit of the method was 0.5-5 ng/g. The method is shown to be sensitive and accurate and can meet the demands for the quantitative analysis of pesticides in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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24
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Nimbkar S, Auddy M, Manoj I, Shanmugasundaram S. Novel Techniques for Quality Evaluation of Fish: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1925291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Nimbkar
- Planning and Monitoring Cell, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoj Auddy
- Planning and Monitoring Cell, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ishita Manoj
- Planning and Monitoring Cell, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Shanmugasundaram
- Planning and Monitoring Cell, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Development of a new generic extraction method for the analysis of pesticides, mycotoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in representative animal feed and food samples. Food Chem 2021; 356:129653. [PMID: 33812188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Various generic extraction methods have been used to determine pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food and animal feed to ensure consumer safety. However, these methods cannot extract all relevant compounds at an acceptable rate of recovery. This study presents a new extraction method. This new method facilitated the identification of 231 compounds, including 196 pesticides, 11 mycotoxins, and 24 PAHs over a broad range of polarities. These compounds were identified in various sample matrices, including those that are lipid-rich. The processed sample is first extracted with water, acetonitrile, formic acid, and heptane. The addition of ammonium formate results in separation into three phases and enables analysis of the aqueous phase. Solid-phase extraction clean-up procedures were performed as necessary followed by analysis by liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Analyte recoveries were typically in the range of 70 - 120% with relative standard deviations below 20%.
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26
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Albertsdóttir AD, Van Gansbeke W, Van Eenoo P, Polet M. Enabling the inclusion of non-hydrolysed sulfated long term anabolic steroid metabolites in a screening for doping substances by means of gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462039. [PMID: 33735641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) publishes yearly their prohibited list, and sets a minimum required performance limit for each substance. To comply with these stringent requirements, the anti-doping laboratories have at least two complementary methods for their initial testing procedure (ITP), one using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the other using liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS). Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have in previous years consistently been listed as the most frequently detected class of compounds. Over the last decade, evidence has emerged where a longer detection time is attained by focusing on sulfated metabolites of AAS instead of the conventional gluco-conjugated metabolites. Despite a decade of research on sulphated AAS using LC-MS, no LC-MS ITP has been developed that combines this class of compounds with the other mandatory targets. Such combination is essential for economical purposes. Recently, it was demonstrated that the direct injection of non-hydrolysed sulfates is compatible with GC-MS. Using this approach and by taking full use of the open screening capabilities of the quadrupole time of flight MS (QTOF-MS), this work describes for the first time a validated ITP that allows the detection of non-hydrolysed sulfated metabolites of AAS while, simultaneously, remaining capable of detecting a vast range of other classes of compounds, as well as the quantification of endogenous steroids, as required for an ITP compliant with the applicable WADA regulations. The method contains 263 compounds from 9 categories, including stimulants, narcotics, anabolic androgenic steroids and beta-blockers. Additionally, the advantages of the new method were illustrated by analysing excretion samples of drostanolone, mesterolone and metenolone. No negative effects were observed for the conventional markers and the detection time for mesterolone and metenolone increased by up to 150% and 144%, respectively compared to conventional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aðalheiður Dóra Albertsdóttir
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Wim Van Gansbeke
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Michael Polet
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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27
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Cheng W, Wang X, Zhang Z, Ma L, Liu G, Wang Q, Chen F, Cheng KW. Development of an Isotope Dilution UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS-Based Method for Simultaneous Determination of Typical Advanced Glycation End Products and Acrylamide in Baked and Fried Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2611-2618. [PMID: 33560839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a stable isotope dilution ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and acrylamide (AA) in baked and fried foods. Ground food samples were extracted with acetone followed by two parallel assays. In assay A, a cleanup procedure based on dispersive solid-phase extraction was conducted for AA, free CML, and CEL analysis using the supernatant. In assay B, a multistep process including reduction, protein precipitation, acid hydrolysis, and solid-phase extraction was conducted for bound CML and CEL analysis using precipitation. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD; limit of quantitation, LOQ), accuracy, and precision. The results showed that the method had a wide linear range (0.25-500 ng/mL for CML and CEL, 0.5-500 ng/mL for AA), low LOD and LOQ (0.47-0.94 and 1.52-1.91 μg/kg, respectively), and good linearity (R2 > 0.999). The recovery test on baby biscuit and French fries samples showed the recovery rates of 90.2-108.3% for CML, 89.0-106.1% for CEL, and 94.5-112.3% for AA with satisfactory precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 10%). Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to 11 baked and fried food samples, and total CML, CEL, and AA contents varied in the ranges of 4.07-35.88 mg/kg, 1.99-14.49 mg/kg, and 5.56-506.64 μg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the isotope dilution UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method developed herein is promising for routine analysis of CML, CEL, and AA in baked and fried foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lukai Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Adeyi AA, Babalola B, Akpotu SO. Occurrence, distribution, and risk of organochlorine pesticides in food and greenness assessment of method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13047-w. [PMID: 33641099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used globally to boost food production. Although banned, due to their prolonged toxic effects but their residue still impacts the quality of primary and processed agricultural products. This study assesses the levels of residual OCPs (α,β,δ-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)) in food commonly consumed in Lagos and Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria. Health risk associated with human exposure via food intake was evaluated with a statistical predictive model. About 248 composite food samples from 8 categories were analyzed in Lagos and Ibadan. Sample extraction and clean-up were by QueChERS method and extracts injected into GC-μECD. ƩDDT concentration was highest in meat products, aquatic foods, dairy products, edible oils, fruits, and cereals, while ƩHCHs were highest in chicken eggs and vegetables. ƩOCP concentrations (ng/g) in food categories were 6.09±1.6-6.85±0.9 (meat), 5.29±2.0-12.3±14 (aquatic foods), 4.86±1.7-5.89±0.8 (dairy products), 4.53±0.8-6.32±1.1 (edible oils), 3.32±1.3 (eggs), 3.54±1.0-4.80±1.5 (fruits), 4.16±2.7-4.40±0.8 (vegetables), and 6.12±2.0-6.62±0.9 (cereals). The estimated average daily intake of OCPs was 5.91, 12.5, 4.41, 6.40, 1.53, 5.14, 3.95, and 16.7 ng/kg bw/day through the consumption of meat products, aquatic foods, dairy products, edible oils, chicken eggs, fruits, vegetables, and cereals, respectively. The health risk of residual OCPs via ingestion of foods considered in this study was <1, which implied no potential health risk at the current consumption rate. However, regular monitoring of OCPs residues in food is highly recommended. Finally, the method scaled the analytical Eco-Scale evaluation and Green Analytical Chemical Procedure Index as "an acceptable green analysis method."
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebola Abosede Adeyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Geo Environmental Research Centre Laboratory, Basel Convention Coordinating Centre for Training and Technology Transfer for Africa Region, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Samson Oghenemauro Akpotu
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng, 1900, South Africa.
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29
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Shin D, Kim J, Kang HS. Simultaneous determination of multi-pesticide residues in fish and shrimp using dispersive-solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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30
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Kaw HY, Jin X, Liu Y, Cai L, Zhao X, Wang J, Zhou JL, He M, Li D. Gas-liquid microextraction coupled with magnetic-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up for multi-residue pesticide analysis in fatty foods of animal origin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Lu XY, Ouyang YQ, Zeng WY, Lin CQ, Xiao LH, Luo GH, Zhan RT, Yan P. Effect of Pretreatment on Detection of 37 Pesticide Residues in Chrysanthemum indicum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:8854025. [PMID: 34925934 PMCID: PMC8677409 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a method, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, for detecting 37 pesticides in Chrysanthemum indicum (C. indicum) and investigating the decrease in the matrix-induced enhancement effect. The influence of QuEChERS extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) on the recovery and matrix effect (ME) was compared. extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) on the recovery and matrix effect (ME) was compared to decrease the ME. The cleanup sorbents, volume and type of solvent, and treatment time were optimized. The accuracy (as recovery), precision (as relative standard deviation, RSD), linearity, limit of quantitation, and limit of detection were determined. The recoveries at the three levels using mixed standard solution ranged between 76% and 120% with RSD ≤15%, and 76% and 120% with RSD ≤11% for MSPD and QuEChERS extraction, respectively. The results suggested that the ME for 21 pesticides was in the range of 80%-120% after MSPD and 15% after QuEChERS extraction. QuEChERS extraction was simpler and faster than MSPD. This methodology was applied in the analysis of 27 C. indicum samples; phorate was most frequently detected (63.0% of the sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan-Qin Ouyang
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Wei-Ya Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cui-Qing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu-Hua Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gui-Hua Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Ting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Eyring P, Preiswerk T, Frandsen HL, Duedahl-Olesen L. Automated micro-solid-phase extraction clean-up of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food oils for analysis by gas chromatography-orbital ion trap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:600-608. [PMID: 33185942 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Food can contain unwanted compounds and need to be analyzed for compounds like carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to ensure consumer safety. The analytes need to be extracted from the sample matrix and cleaned-up to enable detection. However, established methods for clean-up are labor intensive and have a high expenditure on organic solvents. Here, we show a newly developed micro-solid-phase extraction cartridge method to automate the clean-up for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sunflower oil using gas chromatography with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry with a TriPlus autosampler. This automated micro-solid-phase extraction cartridge method needs only 4 μL of vegetable oil sample and requires only 360 μL acetonitrile for elution, and, therefore, it needs only small amounts of organic solvent. Two different micro-solid-phase extraction cartridge methods were developed, one using two commercially available cartridges with florisil and octadecylsilane/Z-Sep/CarbonX, and the other method using one commercially available cartridge with florisil followed by one self-made cartridge with octadecylsilane/Z-Sep. The latter method showed successful lipid removal and was further validated for 22 of 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in sunflower oil at a spiked level of 1090 μg/kg with recoveries ranging from 53 to 118% and relative standard deviation below 22%. This method shows promising short-time clean-up with low expenditure of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Eyring
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Ahad JME, Macdonald RW, Parrott JL, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Siddique T, Kuznetsova A, Rauert C, Galarneau E, Studabaker WB, Evans M, McMaster ME, Shang D. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the Canadian environment: A review of sampling techniques, strategies and instrumentation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:114988. [PMID: 32679437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of sampling techniques and strategies are needed to analyze polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and interpret their distributions in various environmental media (i.e., air, water, snow, soils, sediments, peat and biological material). In this review, we provide a summary of commonly employed sampling methods and strategies, as well as a discussion of routine and innovative approaches used to quantify and characterize PACs in frequently targeted environmental samples, with specific examples and applications in Canadian investigations. The pros and cons of different analytical techniques, including gas chromatography - flame ionization detection (GC-FID), GC low-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-LRMS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet, fluorescence or MS detection, GC high-resolution MS (GC-HRMS) and compound-specific stable (δ13C, δ2H) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) isotope analysis are considered. Using as an example research carried out in Canada's Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR), where alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing dibenzothiophenes are frequently targeted, the need to move beyond the standard list of sixteen EPA priority PAHs and for adoption of an AOSR bitumen PAC reference standard are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M E Ahad
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Robie W Macdonald
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - Joanne L Parrott
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Tariq Siddique
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Alsu Kuznetsova
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Cassandra Rauert
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Galarneau
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | | | - Marlene Evans
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Mark E McMaster
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Dayue Shang
- Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, BC, V7H 1B1, Canada
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Wang X, Wang Z, Di S, Xue X, Jin Y, Qi P, Wang X, Han L, Xiao Y, Min S. Determination of 14 Lipophilic Pesticide Residues in Raw Propolis by Selective Sample Preparation and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Azzouz A, Colón LP, Souhail B, Ballesteros E. A multi-residue method for GC-MS determination of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish and seafood from European and North African markets. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108727. [PMID: 31520833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated study was conducted to determine the presence of six types of endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A, triclosan, two alkylphenols, two phenylphenols, eleven organophosphorus pesticides and seven parabens) in the fish and seafood samples from Europe and North Africa. The proposed method involves ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by continuous solid-phase extraction prior to GC-MS analysis. Analytical quality parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity were all good. Limits of detections ranged from 0.5 to 20.0 ng/kg. The relative standard deviation was lower than 7.5% and recoveries ranged from 84 to 105%. The method was successfully used to determine the target analytes in 20 fish and seafood samples from different fish shops and supermarkets in Europe and North Africa. Analyte contents spanned the range 4.6-730 ng/kg and were all below the maximum legally allowed limits. EDCs most frequently found in the samples analysed were dichlorvos, 2-phenylphenol and nonylphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonaim Azzouz
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Laura Palacios Colón
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | - Badredine Souhail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Evaristo Ballesteros
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
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Molbert N, Alliot F, Santos R, Chevreuil M, Mouchel JM, Goutte A. Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1866-1878. [PMID: 31107990 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two analytical methods were developed for the determination of 48 organic compounds and 20 of their main by-products in fish matrices. The targeted compounds belong to various chemical classes of metabolizable (phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides [pyrethroids and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide]) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) pollutants. Analyses were performed by gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and dynamic MRM, respectively. Method performances were satisfactory, with results meeting the validation criteria because they achieved good linearity responses, recovery, precision, and accuracy for most of the 68 investigated compounds. The methods were then applied on 3 feral chub (Squalius cephalus) collected from the Marne hydrographic network (France). Twenty-six parent compounds and 5 metabolites were systematically detected in fish matrices, with substantial concentration variability within and among individuals. Phthalates and pyrethroids accounted for most of the pollutant load. Metabolite concentrations in liver samples exceeded those of parent molecules in fish muscle. The present study presents 2 reliable methods for the determination of a wide range of contaminants and underlines the importance of metabolite analysis for a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant bioaccumulation and fate in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1866-1878. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
- EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Santos
- HEPIA (Haute école du paysage, d'ingenierie et d'architecture de Geneve), Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chevreuil
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
- EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Mouchel
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
- EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), PSL Research University, Paris, France
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de Oliveira LG, Ramkumar A, Moloney M, Kurz MHS, Gonçalves FF, Prestes OD, Danaher M. Vibrational extraction QuEChERS for analysis of antiparasitic agents in fish by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6913-6929. [PMID: 31418049 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for the analysis of 22 antiparasitic residues belonging to the benzoylurea, organophosphate, pyrimidinamine, pyrethrin and pyrethroid classes in salmon by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water as the extraction solvent with use of a vibrational shaking apparatus with a ceramic homogenizer. After extraction, the acetonitrile extracts were cleaned up by incubation at low temperature (-20 °C, 1 h) to remove fat, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction using Z-Sep+ and primary-secondary amine as sorbents. Validation was performed following the 2002/657/EC and SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines. The trueness of the method ranged from 87% to 121% and precision ranged from 4.1% to 23.7%, with the exception of cyphenothrin, dicyclanil and azamethiphos. The method developed is particularly advantageous because the use of a vibrational shaker allows unattended extraction of samples and eliminates a laborious tissue disruption step, which increases sample throughput in the laboratory. The sample preparation and chromatographic separations can be performed in 5 and 4 h, respectively, for 36 samples. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenise Guimarães de Oliveira
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland. .,Laboratory for Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, 95500-000, Brazil.
| | - Abilasha Ramkumar
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Mary Moloney
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Márcia Helena Scherer Kurz
- Laboratory for Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, 95500-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira Gonçalves
- Laboratory for Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, 95500-000, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticides Residue Analysis, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Martin Danaher
- Laboratory for Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, 95500-000, Brazil
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Islam AKMM, Lee H, Ro J, Kim D, Kwon H. Application of high‐surface‐area graphitized carbon black with primary secondary amine as an alternative quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe cleanup material for pesticide multi‐residue analysis in spinach. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2379-2389. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kasem Mohammad Mydul Islam
- Department of Agro‐food Safety and Crop ProtectionNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development Administration Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Sub Lee
- Department of Agro‐food Safety and Crop ProtectionNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development Administration Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Ho Ro
- Department of Agro‐food Safety and Crop ProtectionNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development Administration Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Kim
- Department of Agro‐food Safety and Crop ProtectionNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development Administration Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kwon
- Department of Agro‐food Safety and Crop ProtectionNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development Administration Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
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Oliveira LGD, Kurz MHS, Guimarães MCM, Martins ML, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Ribeiro JNDS, Gonçalves FF. Development and validation of a method for the analysis of pyrethroid residues in fish using GC-MS. Food Chem 2019; 297:124944. [PMID: 31253283 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the pyrethroids residues in different samples and the impact on human health is an increasing concern due to their widespread use. So, a method to determine eighteen pyrethroids in fish samples using a modified QuEChERS was developed. The clean-up procedure was performed by freezing samples overnight followed by dispersive solid phase extraction. The combination of C18, PSA and Z-Sep+ was optimized using a mixture design approach and samples were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The method was validated using trahira samples and a scope extension was performed for tilapia and tainha. Recoveries were within 63-129%, relative standard deviation was ≤21.5% and the quantification limits were 5 µg kg-1 or 10 µg kg-1. The applicability of the method was assessed by analysis of fourteen real samples, in which residues were detected in four samples. Such detections demonstrate the importance of this sensitive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenise Guimarães de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (LARCO), Postgraduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, RS, 95500-000, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Helena Scherer Kurz
- Laboratory of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (LARCO), Postgraduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, RS, 95500-000, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Cezar Maciel Guimarães
- Laboratory of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (LARCO), Postgraduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, RS, 95500-000, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Leonardo Martins
- Laboratory of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (LARCO), Postgraduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, RS, 95500-000, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticides Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratory of Pesticides Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Neves da Silva Ribeiro
- Centre for Coastal, Limnological and Marine Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (LARCO), Postgraduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, RS, 95500-000, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil
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Validation Including Uncertainty Estimation of a GC⁻MS/MS Method for Determination of Selected Halogenated Priority Substances in Fish Using Rapid and Efficient Lipid Removing Sample Preparation. Foods 2019; 8:foods8030101. [PMID: 30889899 PMCID: PMC6463197 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid method is proposed for the determination of selected H2SO4 stable organic compounds—eight organochlorines (OCs; hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane—HCH—isomers, heptachlor) and six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154)—in fish samples. In the method, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) sample preparation using pH-tuned dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and H2SO4 digestion fish extract clean-up is followed by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–QqQ-MS/MS) analysis. The method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of the method, recovery, accuracy, analysis of standard reference material (NIST SRM 1946), and estimation of combined uncertainty of the measurement (top-down approach). For validation, chub composite samples were used, and subsequently, the method was successfully applied to analysis of real samples of eight fish species. Finally, the method passed the analytical Eco-Scale evaluation as “an acceptable green analysis method”, and showed its advantages (simplicity, rapidity, low cost, high extract clean-up efficiency, good sensitivity) when compared to other reported QuEChERS based methods.
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Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction integrated with QuEChERS for determining endocrine-disrupting compounds in fish by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 260:174-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Simultaneous Analysis of 20 Mycotoxins in Grapes and Wines from Hexi Corridor Region (China): Based on a QuEChERS⁻UHPLC⁻MS/MS Method. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081926. [PMID: 30072592 PMCID: PMC6222325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop and validate an improved analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 20 types of mycotoxins in grapes and wines. In this research, the optimization of tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) parameter, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) separation, and QuEChERS procedure, which includes wine/water ratio, the amount and type of salt, clean-up sorbent, were performed, and the whole separation of mycotoxins was accomplished within 7 min analyzing time. Under optimum conditions, recoveries ranged from 85.6% to 117.8%, while relative standard deviation (RSD) remained between 6.0% and 17.5%. The limit of detection (LOD, 0.06–10 μg/L) and the limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.18–30 μg/L) were lower than those permitted by legislation in food matrices, which demonstrated the high sensitivity and applicability of this efficient method. Finally, 36 grapes and 42 wine samples from the Hexi Corridor region were analyzed. Penicillic acid (PCA), mycophenolic acid (MPA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) were detected in a small number of grape samples with lower concentrations between 0.10 μg/L and 81.26 μg/L. Meanwhile, ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), MPA, CPA, and ZEN were detected in some wine counterparts with concentrations ranged from 0.10 μg/L to 4.62 μg/L. However, the concentrations of the detected mycotoxins were much lower than the maximum legal limits set of other products.
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Evaluation of Phthalic Acid Esters in Fish Samples Using Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Simplified QuEChERS Technique. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Han CQ, Yao Y, Wang W, Tao LQ, Zhang WX, Ingram WM, Tian KZ, Liu Y, Lu AX, Wu Y, Yan CC, Qu LL, Li HT. Highly Sensitive Silver Nanorod Arrays for Rapid Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Acetamiprid Pesticides. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1710184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-qin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Liu-qian Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wen-xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Whitney Marvella Ingram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Kang-zhen Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ai-xia Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Chang-chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Laser Technology and Emerging Industry, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lu-Lu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Hai-tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Stremel TRDO, Domingues CE, Zittel R, Silva CP, Weinert PL, Monteiro FC, Campos SX. Development, validation and matrix effect of a QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in fish tissue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:246-254. [PMID: 29278983 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1410414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a method to determine OCPs in fish tissues, minimizing the consumption of sample and reagents, by using a modified QuEChERS along with ultrasound, d-SPE and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD), refraining the pooling. Different factorial designs were employed to optimize the sample preparation phase. The validation method presented a recovery of around 77.3% and 110.8%, with RSD lower than 13% and the detection limits were between 0.24 and 2.88 μgkg-1, revealing good sensitiveness and accuracy. The method was satisfactorily applied to the analysis of tissues from different species of fish and OCPs residues were detected. The proposed method was shown effective to determine OCPs low concentrations in fish tissues, using small sample mass (0.5 g), making the sample analyses viable without the need for grouping (pool).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana R De O Stremel
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cinthia E Domingues
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Rosimara Zittel
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cleber P Silva
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Patricia L Weinert
- b Department of Chemistry , Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Franciele C Monteiro
- c Department of Chemistry , Graduate Program in Chemistry, Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Sandro X Campos
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
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Sun X, Dong W, Liu M, Shen C, Zhang Y, Sun J, Sun B, Li H, Chen F. Validation of a QuEChERS-Based Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Method for Analysis of Phthalate Esters in Grain Sorghum. J Food Sci 2018; 83:892-901. [PMID: 29577291 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for analysis of 14 phthalate esters (PAEs) in grain sorghum (GS). Chemical extraction was done with acetonitrile followed by dispersive-solid phase extraction technique with a mixture of sorbents including primary secondary amine and octadecyl silica. Under the optimized condition, the matrix-matched calibration curves for all PAEs showed good linear relationship in the concentration range between 5 and 500 μg/L with correlation coefficients (R2 ) better than 0.99. Mean recoveries were between 82.0% and 120.2% at spiking levels of 0.06, 0.6, and 2.0 mg/kg with RSD of 0.3% to 7.8% (n = 5) for intra-day precision and 1.2% to 7.6% (n = 5) for inter-day precision. The LODGS and LOQGS for 14 PAEs were between 0.4 and 10.0 μg/kg and 0.5 and 20.0 μg/kg, respectively. Analysis of 32 commercial GS samples revealed that dimethyl-, diethyl-, diisobutyl-, dibutyl-, and di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate esters were detected in all of the analytes. In addition, content-color scale model was applied to visualize the concentration differences of PAEs in real GS samples. Principal component analysis of PAEs revealed that the GS samples did not have a distinctive cluster based on their geographic origins. The established method was proven to be simple, accurate, and effective for analysis of PAEs in GS, which might also be applied for analysis of PAEs in other matrices. PRACTICAL APPLICATION A modified QuEChERS-based GC-MS method was developed for the determination of phthalate esters (PAEs) in grain sorghum (GS). The ubiquitous presence of PAEs can migrate into GS. Therefore, evaluation of the total content of PAEs in GS is helpful to understand its impact of overall pollution level on other foods. This study has provided some basic information in terms of the content and contamination of PAEs in GS, which is helpful to establish relevant standards and risk assessment of GS for the government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Sun
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Shen
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hehe Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business Univ., Beijing 100048, P. R. China.,Dept. of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
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47
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Multi-residue Determination of Veterinary Drugs in Fishery Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Liang X, Feng TT, Wu JH, Du M, Qin L, Wang ZY, Xu XB. Vortex-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction Followed by Head Space Solid Phase Micro-extraction for the Determination of Eugenol in Fish Using GC-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Cheng Z, Dong F, Xu J, Liu X, Wu X, Chen Z, Pan X, Gan J, Zheng Y. Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides in fruits and vegetables using atmospheric pressure gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 231:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lestingi C, Tavoloni T, Bardeggia V, Perugini M, Piersanti A. A fit-for-purpose method to monitor 16 European Union PAHs in food: results of five years of official food control in two Italian regions. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1140-1152. [PMID: 28513332 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1325969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A gas-chromatographic single-quadrupole analytical method for the analysis of the 16 priority European Union (EU) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food is presented. The method fulfils the request of Regulation EU 836/2011 for an analytical procedure to be used for official control of PAHs in food in EU member states. The sample preparation involves a pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) with an in-cell clean-up step followed by a lipid removal using solid-phase extraction (SPE) on a styrene divinylbenzene stationary phase (SDVB) and a final gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) step. To reach a better sensitivity for all the analytes, including the heaviest last eluting PAHs, 3 μl of the purified extract were injected in solvent vent mode using a programmable temperature vaporization (PTV) injector. The isobaric PAH isomers were successfully separated using an Agilent Technologies DB-17MS (20 m × 0.18 mm × 0.18 μm) column. The method was fully validated using an in-house approach and the sensitivity, accuracy and precision obtained were satisfactory. The method expanded uncertainty was estimated and it was verified that it was below the maximum standard measurement uncertainty. Moreover, the results of 347 samples of meat and meat products, fish and fish products and mussels collected from January 2012 to December 2016 in the Marche and Umbria regions of Italy are reported. None of the samples exceed the maximum levels fixed by EU Regulation 835/2011, and clams turned out to be the most contaminated among the food matrices analysed. Finally, an estimate of the sum of four marker PAHs (benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene) as indicator of the PAHs contamination was done by comparison with the 16 carcinogenic PAHs sum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Lestingi
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche , Laboratorio Controllo Chimico e Biomonitoraggio , Ancona , Italy
| | - Tamara Tavoloni
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche , Laboratorio Controllo Chimico e Biomonitoraggio , Ancona , Italy
| | - Valentina Bardeggia
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche , Laboratorio Controllo Chimico e Biomonitoraggio , Ancona , Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- b Università degli Studi di Teramo , Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali , Teramo , Italy
| | - Arianna Piersanti
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche , Laboratorio Controllo Chimico e Biomonitoraggio , Ancona , Italy
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