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Yu YH, Liu F, Li LQ, Jin MY, Yu X, Liu X, Li Y, Li L, Yan JK. Recent advances in dietary polysaccharides from Allium species: Preparation, characterization, and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134130. [PMID: 39053822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Allium plants, including garlic, onions, shallots, and leeks, belong to the Alliaceae family and are utilized as vegetable, medicinal, and ornamental plants. These plants are consumed both raw and cooked and are noted in traditional medicine for their antibacterial, antitumor, and diuretic properties. Allium plants are a rich source of polyphenols, organosulfur compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to their health benefits. As consumer interest in the association between diet and health grows, there is an increasing market demand for foods that promote health, particularly those rich in dietary fiber or non-starch polysaccharides. Allium polysaccharides (APS) have molecular weights of 1 × 103-1 × 106 Da containing small amounts of pectin, glucofructan, or glycoproteins and large amounts of fructans. APS, despite its complex structure, is one of the principal active components of Allium plants but is often overlooked, which restricts its practical application. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the extraction and purification, structural and functional characteristics, bioactivities, structure-function relationships, and chemical modifications of APS, as well as the effects of APS processing and storage. Additionally, this paper outlines future research directions for APS, which will inform its development and application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Yu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Long-Qing Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiangying Yu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lin Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jing-Kun Yan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Maung AT, Abdelaziz MNS, Noor Mohammadi T, Lwin SZC, El-Telbany M, Zhao J, Wang C, Lin Y, Shen C, Zayda M, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Single and combined application of bacteriophage and cinnamon oils against pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in milk and smoked salmon. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 421:110797. [PMID: 38878706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the discovery of alternative natural antimicrobial substances such as bacteriophages, essential oils, and other physical and chemical agents is developing in the food industry. In this study, nine bacteriophages were isolated from various parts of raw chickens and exhibited lytic activities against L. monocytogenes and various Listeria spp. The characterization of phage vB_LmoS-PLM9 was stable at 4 to 50 °C and pH range from 4 to 10. Phage vB_LmoS-PLM9 had a circular, double-stranded genomic DNA with 38,345 bp having endolysin but no antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. Among the eight essential oils tested at 10 %, cinnamon bark, and cassia oils showed the strongest antilisterial activities. The combined use of phage vB_LmoS-PLM9 and cinnamon oils indicated higher efficiency than single treatments. The combination of phage (MOI of 10) and both cinnamon oils (0.03 %) reduced the viable counts of L. monocytogenes and inhibited the regrowth of resistant cell populations in broth at 30 °C. Furthermore, treatment with the combination of phage (MOI of 100) and cinnamon oil (0.125 %) was effective in milk, especially at 4 °C by reducing the viable count to less than lower limit of detection. These results suggest combining phage and cinnamon oil is a potential approach for controlling L. monocytogenes in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Animal Science, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Marwa Nabil Sayed Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Su Zar Chi Lwin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mohamed El-Telbany
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junxin Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Cunkuan Shen
- College of Biological and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Mahmoud Zayda
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monofiya Governorate, Egypt
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Liu J. Aged garlic therapeutic intervention targeting inflammatory pathways in pathogenesis of bowel disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33986. [PMID: 39130474 PMCID: PMC11315124 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, manifest as a result of intricate interactions involving genetic predisposition, environmental factors, intestinal microbiota dynamics, and immune dysregulation, ultimately leading to persistent mucosal inflammation. Addressing this complex pathology requires a nuanced understanding to inform targeted therapeutic strategies. Consequently, our study explored the viability of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) as an alternative therapeutic regimen for IBD management. Utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we characterized AGE, revealing distinctions from Fresh Garlic Extract (FGE), particularly the absence of allicin in AGE and accompanying structural alterations. In In-Vivo experiments employing an IBD rat model, AGE intervention exhibited remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Noteworthy outcomes included improved survival rates, mitigation of intestinal damage, restoration of gut microbial diversity, reinforcement of tight junctions, and reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these effects contributed to the preservation of enterocyte integrity and the attenuation of inflammation. In conclusion, the unique chemical composition of AGE, coupled with its substantial influence on gut microbiota, antioxidant defenses, and inflammatory pathways, positions it as a promising adjunctive therapy for the management of IBD. These observations, synergistically considered with existing research, provide significant insights into the potential utility of AGE in addressing the intricate pathophysiology inherent to IBD. The potential strength of study and rationale of using AGE against IBD includes exploring alternative therapeutic regimens if conventional treatments are associated with side effects, identification of potential hotspots/pathways involved in disease progression and study can provide economically cheaper and naturally occurring alternative to patient community who are struggling to afford expensive medications. These promising findings underscore the necessity for additional investigations to ascertain the feasibility of clinical translation, thereby substantiating the potential therapeutic role of AGE in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
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Leite VDSA, Ikehara BRM, Almeida NRD, Augusti R, Pinto FG. Rapid discrimination of geographical origin of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A metabolomic approach applied to paper spray mass spectrometry data. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9743. [PMID: 38682308 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Distinguishing and categorizing the origin of garlic are highly significant, considering its widespread use as a flavoring agent. With billions of dollars annually in global trade, garlic is frequently susceptible to fraudulent practices. METHODOLOGY Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS-MS) was employed to quickly analyze garlic samples from distinct geographic origins: China and Brazil. The so-generated PS-MS data were treated with metabolomic multivariate approaches, and the garlic samples from these different geographic regions were easily discriminated. RESULTS Brazilian garlic was characterized to contain higher levels of amino acids, such as arginine, proline, and valine, and organosulfur compounds, such as allicin, alliin, and l-γ-glutamil-S-allyl-l-cysteine, compared to Chinese garlic. The PS-MS data were treated employing multivariate approaches, typically used in the metabolomics field, and this protocol was promptly able to discern among both types of samples. CONCLUSION Hence, this combined strategy holds promise not only as an effective tool for the authentication of the geographical origin of garlic but also as a powerful means for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natália Reis de Almeida
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico Garcia Pinto
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Yang QQ, Yang F, Liu CY, Zhao YQ, Li MY, Lu XJ, Ge J, Zhang BW, Li MQ, Yang Y, Fan JD. Transcriptome sequencing of garlic reveals key genes related to the heat stress response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15956. [PMID: 38987349 PMCID: PMC11236982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With global warming, heat stress has become an important factor that seriously affects crop yield and quality. Therefore, understanding plant responses to heat stress is important for agricultural practice, but the molecular mechanism of high-temperature tolerance in garlic remains unclear. In this study, 'Xusuan No. 6' was used as the experimental material. After heat stress for 0 (CK), 2 and 24 h, transcriptome sequencing was used to screen metabolic pathways and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) closely related to heat stress and was further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 86,110 unigenes obtained from the raw transcriptome sequencing data were spliced. After 2 h of heat treatment, the expression levels of 8898 genes increased, and 3829 genes were decreased in leaves. After 24 h, the expression levels of 7167 genes were upregulated, and 3176 genes were downregulated. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in seven categories: cellular processes, metabolic processes, binging, catalytic activity, cellular anatomical entity and protein-containing complex response to stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment showed that DEGs are involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and photosynthetic antenna proteins. Six genes were selected and further verified by qRT-PCR. In this study, the full-length transcriptome of garlic was constructed, and the regulatory genes related to the heat resistance of garlic were studied. Taken together, these findings can provide a theoretical basis for the cloning of heat resistance genes in garlic and for the analysis of heat resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Can-Yu Liu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin-Juan Lu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Jie Ge
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Bi-Wei Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Meng-Qian Li
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Ji-De Fan
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China.
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Monika M, Dua A, Sharma S, Gupta S, Mittal A. Comparative study of antioxidant activities of Allium sativum (a novel variety, HG17) and Allium ampeloprasum (SMG): Revealing the higher potential of HG17 and analyzing its phytochemicals. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4250-4275. [PMID: 38829746 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Garlic, belonging to the genus Allium, is renowned for its rich antioxidant potential. Snow Mountain garlic (SMG) (Allium ampeloprasum) has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes because of its higher antioxidant potential. Considering its potential in medical therapies, we compared the antioxidant activity of SMG with a novel variety of Allium sativum, Hisar garlic 17 (HG17). Comparative antioxidant activity data (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) revealed the higher antioxidant activity of HG17 than SMG, which prompted us to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical investigation to elucidate the factors contributing to antioxidant potential of HG17. To get a detailed antioxidant and phytoconstituents profiling, we differentially extracted HG17 by processing it in different forms (fresh, dry, heated, and aged) with two solvents (50% methanol and n-butanol). Our data (antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and flavonoids) showed that dry garlic methanolic extract (DgM) had maximum potential than other HG17 forms/solvents, which concludes that different extraction techniques had direct impact on the phenolics/flavonoids and antioxidant potential of the extracts. Further, phytochemical analysis of HG17 extracts by high resolution liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer quadrupole time of flight validated the maximum potential of DgM. LCMS revealed the presence of garcimangosone C, osmanthuside A, and protoaphin aglucone polyphenols exclusively in DgM compared to other HG17 extracts, which possibly contributing in its high antioxidant potential. The overall differential extraction and LCMS data of HG17 strongly depict that it may be used as an alternative of SMG under diverse medical applications. HG17 higher antioxidant potential and rich array of unique phytochemicals make it valuable for food and pharmaceutical industries to integrate into functional foods/therapeutics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Garlic unique phytochemical composition and its remarkable ability to scavenge different radicals make it valuable therapeutic asset to mitigate diseases associated with oxidative stress. SMG is well known for its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties. HG17 showed higher antioxidant potential than SMG and can be used as an alternative of SMG for anti-arthritic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Monika
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Dua
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Chemistry lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Mittal
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Korma SA, Salem HM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Alkafaas SS, Elsalahaty MI, Elkafas SS, Mosa WFA, Ahmed AE, Mathew BT, Albastaki NA, Alkuwaiti AA, El-Tarabily MK, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Garlic bioactive substances and their therapeutic applications for improving human health: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1277074. [PMID: 38915405 PMCID: PMC11194342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a widely abundant spice, known for its aroma and pungent flavor. It contains several bioactive compounds and offers a wide range of health benefits to humans, including those pertaining to nutrition, physiology, and medicine. Therefore, garlic is considered as one of the most effective disease-preventive diets. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the sulfur-containing compounds, allicin and ajoene, for their effective anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immune-boosting, and cardioprotective properties. As a rich natural source of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, saponins, tannins, linalool, geraniol, phellandrene, β-phellandrene, ajoene, alliin, S-allyl-mercapto cysteine, and β-phellandrene, garlic has many therapeutic applications and may play a role in drug development against various human diseases. In the current review, garlic and its major bioactive components along with their biological function and mechanisms of action for their role in disease prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heba M. Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Elsalahaty
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
- Faculty of Control System and Robotics, Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO) University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Walid F. A. Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Betty T. Mathew
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor A. Albastaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha A. Alkuwaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Science Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Li C, An F, Sun S, Huang Q, He H, Song H. Micro-encapsulation of garlic oil using esterified-wheat porous starch and whey protein isolate: Physicochemical properties, release behavior during in vitro digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132843. [PMID: 38830489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to inhibit the stimulating impact of garlic oil (GO) on the stomach and attain high release in the intestine during digestion. So, wheat porous starch (WPS) was modified with octenyl succinic acid (OSA) and malic acid (MA) to obtain esterified WPS, OWPS and MWPS, respectively. The differences in physicochemical, encapsulation, and digestive properties of two GO microcapsules, WPI/OWPS/GO and WPI/MWPS/GO microcapsules produced by using OWPS and MWPS as variant carrier materials and whey protein isolate (WPI) as the same coating agent, were compared. The results found that OWPS had greater amphiphilicity, while MWPS had better hydrophobicity and anti-digestive ability than WPS. Encapsulation efficiency of WPI/OWPS/GO (94.67 %) was significantly greater than WPI/MWPS/GO (91.44 %). The digestion inhibition and low GO release (approximately 23 %) of WPI/OWPS/GO and WPI/MWPS/GO microcapsules in the gastric phase resulted from the protective effect of WPI combined with the good adsorption and lipophilicity of OWPS and MWPS. Especially, WPI/OWPS/GO microcapsule was relatively stable in the gastric phase and had sufficient GO release (67.24 %) in the intestinal phase, which was significantly higher than WPI/MWPS/GO microcapsule (56.03 %), benefiting from the adsorption and digestive properties of OWPS, and resulting in a total cumulative GO release rate of 90.86 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caini Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shenzhen Boton Flavors and Fragrances Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Fengping An
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuaihao Sun
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qun Huang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hong He
- Institute for Egg Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China.
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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9
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Xu X, Yan L, Huang W, Wang Y, Wang M, Feng L, Wang P, Wang S. Facile and efficient transformation of thiols to disulfides via a radical pathway with N-anomeric amide. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17780-17784. [PMID: 38832243 PMCID: PMC11145623 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03545c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical coupling of thiols is an attractive route for the synthesis of disulfides, but this approach should be promoted by strong oxidants and/or metal salts in combination with additives, which limits its substrate scope and application. In this work, the N-anomeric amide was first found to be able to realize the conversion of thiols to sulfur radicals with high efficiency in the absence of an oxidant or any additives for the synthesis of symmetrical disulfides. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Leyu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Feng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 People's Republic of China
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10
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Xu Y, Tao M, Xu W, Xu L, Yue L, Cao X, Chen F, Wang Z. Nano-CeO 2 activates physical and chemical defenses of garlic (Allium sativum L.) for reducing antibiotic resistance genes in plant endosphere. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116289. [PMID: 38570269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of manure- and wastewater-borne antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to plants contributes to the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, necessitating effective strategies for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from ARB in the environment to humans. Nanomaterials are potential candidates for efficiently controlling the dissemination of ARGs. The present study investigated the abundance of ARGs in hydroponically grown garlic (Allium sativum L.) following nano-CeO2 (nCeO2) application. Specifically, root exposure to nCeO2 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg L-1, 18 days) reduced ARG abundance in the endosphere of bulbs and leaves. The accumulation of ARGs (cat, tet, and aph(3')-Ia) in garlic bulbs decreased by 24.2-32.5 % after nCeO2 exposure at 10 mg L-1. Notably, the lignification extent of garlic stem-disc was enhanced by 10 mg L-1 nCeO2, thereby accelerating the formation of an apoplastic barrier to impede the upward transfer of ARG-harboring bacteria to garlic bulbs. Besides, nCeO2 upregulated the gene expression related to alliin biosynthesis and increased allicin content by 15.9-16.2 %, promoting a potent antimicrobial defense for reducing ARG-harboring bacteria. The potential exposure risks associated with ARGs and Ce were evaluated according to the estimated daily intake (EDI). The EDI of ARGs exhibited a decrease exceeding 95 %, while the EDI of Ce remained below the estimated oral reference dose. Consequently, through stimulating physical and chemical defenses, nCeO2 contributed to a reduced EDI of ARGs and Ce, highlighting its potential for controlling ARGs in plant endosphere within the framework of nano-enabled agrotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengna Tao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Environment & Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanqing Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Liu P, Wang Y, Xu Y, Weng R, Qiu J, Qian Y. Monitoring Changes in Biochemical and Metabolite Profiles in Garlic Cloves during Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10117-10126. [PMID: 38631034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Storage is important for the garlic cloves industry because it is critical to enabling a year-round supply. This study aimed to investigate the changes in biochemical and metabolic profiles in garlic cloves in terms of different temperatures and cultivars during storage using nontargeted and targeted metabolomics. The results showed that the storage temperatures and times were important factors affecting the composition and metabolite content of garlic cloves. In detail, the metabolic profiling of garlic cloves changed significantly at 22 °C, which was mainly related to sprouting. Furthermore, γ-glutamyl peptide was converted into the corresponding flavor precursors or free amino acids, leading to the fluctuation in the amount of nutrients in garlic cloves. In contrast, the quality of garlic cloves remained stable for 290 days at 0 °C though metabolism still occurred, which indicated that the slight chemical changes did not impact the quality significantly and low temperature could prolong their dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yanyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Pacholczyk-Sienicka B, Modranka J, Ciepielowski G. Comparative analysis of bioactive compounds in garlic owing to the cultivar and origin. Food Chem 2024; 439:138141. [PMID: 38061302 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Garlic is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide, which contains many bioactive compounds. The chemical composition of garlic varies significantly depending on conditions in the growing locality and other factors. In this paper, the garlic samples were classified based on their geographical origin using principal component analysis (PCA), and significant differences in metabolite composition were found. Quantitative analysis highlighted that Polish garlics have the highest level of sulfur components, similar to Spanish garlic Egyptian garlic exhibited the lowest content of identified metabolites, while Madeira garlic was rich in carbohydrates and amino acids. Chinese garlic had low sugar content but a higher quantity of amino acids and choline. The findings highlight the association between food composition and environmental conditions and can be used to classify garlic based on its origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jakub Modranka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Ciepielowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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13
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Golubkina N, Kharchenko V, Moldovan A, Antoshkina M, Ushakova O, Sękara A, Stoleru V, Murariu OC, Tallarita AV, Sannino M, Caruso G. Effect of Selenium and Garlic Extract Treatments of Seed-Addressed Lettuce Plants on Biofortification Level, Seed Productivity and Mature Plant Yield and Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1190. [PMID: 38732406 PMCID: PMC11085852 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The enhancement of the plant seed yield and quality represents the basis of the successful productivity of the deriving crop. The effect of single and combined foliar treatments of lettuce plants with sodium selenate and garlic bulb extract on seed yield and quality and on mature plant biochemical characteristics was investigated using four lettuce cultivars (Bouquet, Picnic, Moskovsky parnikovy and Cavalier). The seed production of plants treated with Se increased by 20-41%, compared to the untreated control plants, while the augmentation was as much as 10-23% and 17-27% under garlic extract and the joint application of Se and garlic, respectively. Garlic extract stimulated the accumulation of Se in lettuce seeds, which rose by 1.21-1.29 times compared to the Se-treated plants. The proline levels in lettuce seeds exceeded the corresponding values recorded in the control ones by 1.32-1.64 times in the case of the Se supply, 1.10-1.47 times upon garlic extract application and 1.09-1.31 times under the combined Se/garlic treatment. All the treatments given to lettuce plants increased the leaf weight by 1.10-1.30 times, compared to the untreated control. The seed Se levels positively correlated with the leaf weight (r = 0.621; p < 0.005), chlorophyll (r = 0.672, p < 0.002) and total antioxidant activity (AOA; r = 0.730, p < 0.001) of plants grown from these seeds. Positive correlations were also recorded between the seed proline content and lettuce plant leaf weight, chlorophyll and AOA (r = 0.868, 0.811 and 0.815, respectively, at p < 0.001). Lettuce yield was positively correlated with the leaf AOA, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content (r = 0.942, 0.921 and 0.665, respectively, at p < 0.001). The results indicate high prospects of Na2SeO4 and garlic extract application to seed-addressed lettuce plants, to improve seed productivity and quality, as well as lettuce yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Golubkina
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (O.U.)
| | - Viktor Kharchenko
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (O.U.)
| | - Anastasia Moldovan
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (O.U.)
| | - Marina Antoshkina
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (O.U.)
| | - Olga Ushakova
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (O.U.)
| | - Agnieszka Sękara
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Vasile Stoleru
- Department of Horticulture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700440 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Otilia Cristina Murariu
- Department of Food Technology, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700440 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alessio Vincenzo Tallarita
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.V.T.); (M.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Maura Sannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.V.T.); (M.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.V.T.); (M.S.); (G.C.)
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14
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Iobbi V, Parisi V, Lanteri AP, Maggi N, Giacomini M, Drava G, Minuto G, Minuto A, Tommasi ND, Bisio A. NMR Metabolite Profiling for the Characterization of Vessalico Garlic Ecotype and Bioactivity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1170. [PMID: 38732385 PMCID: PMC11085173 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The Italian garlic ecotype "Vessalico" possesses distinct characteristics compared to its French parent cultivars Messidor and Messidrôme, used for sowing, as well as other ecotypes in neighboring regions. However, due to the lack of a standardized seed supply method and cultivation protocol among farmers in the Vessalico area, a need to identify garlic products that align with the Vessalico ecotype arises. In this study, an NMR-based approach followed by multivariate analysis to analyze the chemical composition of Vessalico garlic sourced from 17 different farms, along with its two French parent cultivars, was employed. Self-organizing maps allowed to identify a homogeneous subset of representative samples of the Vessalico ecotype. Through the OPLS-DA model, the most discriminant metabolites based on values of VIP (Variable Influence on Projections) were selected. Among them, S-allylcysteine emerged as a potential marker for distinguishing the Vessalico garlic from the French parent cultivars by NMR screening. Additionally, to promote sustainable agricultural practices, the potential of Vessalico garlic extracts and its main components as agrochemicals against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, responsible for black rot disease, was explored. The crude extract exhibited a MIC of 125 μg/mL, and allicin demonstrated the highest activity among the tested compounds (MIC value of 31.25 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Anna Paola Lanteri
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Norbert Maggi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuliana Drava
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
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15
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Shykholeslami A, Ghavami R, Rasouli Z. Nanosized quantum dots-wrapped metallic particles ensembles integrated into filter disc-based analytical device for garlic evaluation. Application to monitor fake pickled garlic in balsamic vinegar. Food Chem 2024; 437:137809. [PMID: 37866344 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an affordable and simple analytical device is presented to portable identify of garlic in 30 min; the evaluation needs no pre-treatment of sample. The analytical device fabrication was did employing a headspace-based nanosensor array using of inexpensive materials as commercial filter discs, quantum dots (QDs), and metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). The nanoarray is fabricated by the accumulation QDs on MNPs surface, that results in the production of ensembles of QDs/MNPs. The ensembles generate diverse colorimetric profiles as "fingerprints" regarding to each garlic sample. The volatile organosulfur compounds (OSCs) of garlic can prefer binding to the MNPs comparing with QDs. The color profiles can be displayed with a smartphone camera, which can be quantitatively distinguished by chemometrics approaches. The analytical device was used to assessment of fake pickled samples in balsamic vinegar. This device proves well potential for qualitative control of garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Shykholeslami
- Chemometrics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Raouf Ghavami
- Chemometrics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Zolaikha Rasouli
- Chemometrics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
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16
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Han H, Sha R, Dai J, Wang Z, Mao J, Cai M. Garlic Origin Traceability and Identification Based on Fusion of Multi-Source Heterogeneous Spectral Information. Foods 2024; 13:1016. [PMID: 38611322 PMCID: PMC11012206 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and nutritional content of garlic are greatly impacted by its production location, leading to distinct flavor profiles and functional properties among garlic varieties from diverse origins. Consequently, these variations determine the preference and acceptance among diverse consumer groups. In this study, purple-skinned garlic samples were collected from five regions in China: Yunnan, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu Provinces. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy were utilized to analyze the components of garlic cells. Three preprocessing methods, including Multiple Scattering Correction (MSC), Savitzky-Golay Smoothing (SG Smoothing), and Standard Normalized Variate (SNV), were applied to reduce the background noise of spectroscopy data. Following variable feature extraction by Genetic Algorithm (GA), a variety of machine learning algorithms, including XGboost, Support Vector Classification (SVC), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were used according to the fusion of spectral data to obtain the best processing results. The results showed that the best-performing model for ultraviolet spectroscopy data was SNV-GA-ANN, with an accuracy of 99.73%. The best-performing model for mid-infrared spectroscopy data was SNV-GA-RF, with an accuracy of 97.34%. After the fusion of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data, the SNV-GA-SVC, SNV-GA-RF, SNV-GA-ANN, and SNV-GA-XGboost models achieved 100% accuracy in both training and test sets. Although there were some differences in the accuracy of the four models under different preprocessing methods, the fusion of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data yielded the best outcomes, with an accuracy of 100%. Overall, the combination of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data fusion and chemometrics established in this study provides a theoretical foundation for identifying the origin of garlic, as well as that of other agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (M.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ruyi Sha
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (M.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jing Dai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (M.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (M.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (M.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Min Cai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (M.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
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17
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Sunanta P, Rose Sommano S, Luiten CA, Ghofrani M, Sims IM, Bell TJ, Carnachan SM, Hinkley SFR, Kontogiorgos V. Fractionation and characterisation of pectin-rich extracts from garlic biomass. Food Chem 2024; 436:137697. [PMID: 37832418 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from garlic waste leaf and skin biomass have been isolated using a sequential extraction protocol and characterised using constituent sugar composition and linkage analysis, spectroscopy, chromatography and dilute solution viscometry. The results revealed that the isolated polysaccharides were predominantly pectins. The predominant monosaccharide in all samples was galacturonic acid (>61 %), followed by galactose and rhamnose. The pectins extracted from skin biomass were mainly homogalacturonan (83-91 %), whereas those extracted from leaf biomass comprised both homogalacturonan (62-65 %) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (35-38 %). The degree of methyl esterification of uronic acids in all samples was 44-56 %. The peak molecular weight of the main polysaccharide population in each sample was ∼ 350 x103 g/mol, with leaf extracts and the skin acidic extract containing a second, lower molecular weight peak. Overall, waste garlic biomass is a potential resource for commercial pectin extraction for use in food or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyachat Sunanta
- Research unit for Innovation in responsible Food production for consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Cara A Luiten
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Mahdieh Ghofrani
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Tracey J Bell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Vassilis Kontogiorgos
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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18
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Antonino C, Difonzo G, Faccia M, Caponio F. Effect of edible coatings and films enriched with plant extracts and essential oils on the preservation of animal-derived foods. J Food Sci 2024; 89:748-772. [PMID: 38161278 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Edible coatings and films for food preservation are becoming more popular thanks to their environmentally friendly properties and active ingredient-carrying ability. Their application can be effective in contrasting quality decay by limiting oxidation and deterioration of foods. Many reviews analyze the different compounds with which films and coatings can be created, their characteristics, and the effect when applied to food. However, the possibility of adding plant extracts and essential oils in edible coatings and films to preserve processed animal-derived products has been not exhaustively explored. The aim of this review is to summarize how edible coatings and films enriched with plant extracts (EXs) and essential oils (EOs) influence the physico-chemical and sensory features as well as the shelf-life of cheese, and processed meat and fish. Different studies showed that various EXs and EOs limited both oxidation and microbial growth after processing and during food preservation. Moreover, encapsulation has been found to be a valid technology to improve the solubility and stability of EOs and EXs, limiting strong flavor, controlling the release of bioactive compounds, and maintaining their stability during storage. Overall, the incorporation of EXs and EOs in edible coating and film to preserve processed foods can offer benefits for improving the shelf-life, limiting food losses, and creating a food sustainable chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Antonino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Faccia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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19
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Wójcik W, Świder O, Łukasiewicz-Mierzejewska M, Damaziak K, Riedel J, Marzec A, Wójcicki M, Roszko M, Niemiec J. Content of amino acids and biogenic amines in stored meat as a result of a broiler diet supplemented with β-alanine and garlic extract. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103319. [PMID: 38141274 PMCID: PMC10874766 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is a highly esteemed product among consumers. However, the emphasis on increasing body weight has led to a rise in the proportion of rapidly shrinking fibers, adversely affecting the quality and shelf life of poultry meat. With a growing awareness of dietetics among consumers, there is an increasing challenge to produce chicken meat that is not only free of antibiotics but also beneficial for dietary and health reasons. Biogenic amines (BA) can serve as indicators of meat freshness and quality. While they play vital roles in the body, excessive consumption of BA can have toxic and carcinogenic effects. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of supplementing feed with garlic extract and β-alanine (β-Ala) on the formation of BA and amino acid (AA) levels in the breast and leg muscles of chickens stored under aerobic chilling conditions. The muscles were obtained from chickens fed with garlic extract and β-Ala in quantities of 0.5 and 2% for each additive, as well as 0.5 and 2% of their combination. Analyses were conducted on d 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 of storage. β-Ala supplementation increased the proportion of this AA in breast (P < 0.01) and leg muscles (P < 0.01), along with a rise in the proportion of nonessential AA (NEAA; sum of aspartic, aspartic acid, glutamic, glutamic acid, serine, β-Ala, and proline) (P < 0.01). The levels of BA changed during storage in breast and leg muscles (P < 0.001). The applied diet significantly influenced the formation of putrescine (P = 0.030), phenylethylamine (P = 0.003), agmatine (P = 0.025), and total BA (P < 0.001) in breast muscles. On the 10 d of storage, the breast muscles exhibited the lowest BA index (BAI) in the group, with a diet supplemented with 0.5% garlic extract and 0.5% β-Ala (P < 0.05). The leg muscles showed a similar BA trend as the breast muscles. These supplements may be utilized in production to augment the protein content of chicken muscles and potentially decrease the BAI index during meat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wójcik
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Damaziak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Riedel
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Marzec
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Roszko
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Niemiec
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Parasher M, Pandey DK, Manhas RK. Traditionally used anti-diabetic plants in Kathua district of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117087. [PMID: 37683931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi Parasher
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Marh, 181206, Jammu, JKUT, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - R K Manhas
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Basohli, 184201, JKUT, India.
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21
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Gu M, Liu H, Jiang X, Qiu S, Li K, Lu J, Zhang M, Qiu Y, Wang B, Ma Z, Gan Q. Analysis of Rumen Degradation Characteristics, Attached Microbial Community, and Cellulase Activity Changes of Garlic Skin and Artemisia argyi Stalk. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:169. [PMID: 38200900 PMCID: PMC10778316 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the chemical composition, rumen degradation characteristics, surface attached microbial community and cellulase activity of garlic skin (GS) and Artemisia argyi stalk (AS), in order to explain their feeding value. Four 14-month-old healthy Min Dong male goats with permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals. The rumen degradation characteristics of GS and AS were determined by using the nylon bag method, and the bacterial composition, cellulase activity and their relationship on the surface of the two groups were analyzed with high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that in GS and AS, the effective degradation rate (ED) values of dry matter (DM) were 42.53% and 37.12%, the ED values of crude protein (CP) were 37.19% and 43.38%, the ED values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were 36.83% and 36.23%, and the ED values of acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 33.81% and 34.77%. During rumen degradation, the richness and evenness of bacteria attached to the AS surface were higher. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were always the main rumen bacteria in the two groups. At the genus level, fiber-degrading bacteria such as Prevotella, Treponema, and Ruminococcus showed higher levels in GS (p < 0.05). Compared with GS, the activity of β-glucosidase (BG enzyme), endo-β-1,4-glucanase (C1 enzyme), exo-β-1,4-glucanase (Cx enzyme) and neutral xylanase (NEX enzyme) attached to AS surface showed a higher trend. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Succinivibrio and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was positively correlated with the rumen degradability of nutrients in GS, and the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7_group, Succinivibrio and Ruminococcus was positively correlated with the rumen degradability of nutrients in AS. The conclusion of this study shows that AS has more potential to become ruminant roughage than GS. In addition, this study also revealed the relationship between cellulase activity and bacteria, which provided new information for us to better analyze the effects of GS and AS on the rumen of ruminants and provided an important theoretical basis for the development and utilization of agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Haoyu Liu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xinghui Jiang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Shuiling Qiu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Keyao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Jianing Lu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Yujun Qiu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Benzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiyi Ma
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Qianfu Gan
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
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Ali M, Xu C, Nawaz S, Ahmed AE, Hina Q, Li K. Anti-Cryptosporidial Drug-Discovery Challenges and Existing Therapeutic Avenues: A "One-Health" Concern. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38255695 PMCID: PMC10820218 DOI: 10.3390/life14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is the leading cause of life-threatening diarrheal infection, especially in infants. Oocysts contaminate the environment, and also, being a zoonotic disease, cryptosporidiosis is a threat to One Health. Nitazoxanide is the only FDA-approved drug, effective only in immunocompetent adults, and is not safe for infants. The absence of mitochondria and apicoplast, the presence of an electron-dense band (ED band), hindrances in its genetic and phenotypic manipulations, and its unique position inside the host cell are some challenges to the anti-cryptosporidial drug-discovery process. However, many compounds, including herbal products, have shown efficacy against Cryptosporidium during in vitro and in vivo trials. Still, the "drug of choice" against this protozoan parasite, especially in immunocompromised individuals and infants, has not yet been explored. The One-Health approach addresses this issue, focusing on the intersection of animal, human, and environmental health. The objective of this review is to provide knowledge about novel anti-cryptosporidial drug targets, available treatment options with associated limitations, and possible future shifts toward natural products to treat cryptosporidiosis. The current review is organized to address the treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis. An anti-cryptosporidial drug that is effective in immunocompromised individuals and infants is a necessity of our time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munwar Ali
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.A.); (C.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.A.); (C.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Qazal Hina
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.A.); (C.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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23
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Guo J, Hang A, Qu Y, Li X, Zhang L, Wang M, Li S, He X, Zhang L, Hao L. Fabrication and release property of self-assembled garlic essential oil-amylose inclusion complex by pre-gelatinization coupling with high-speed shear. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127822. [PMID: 37926302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the preparation of self-assembled garlic essential oil-amylose inclusion complexes (SGAs) using garlic essential oil (GEO) and corn starch (CS), and evaluated their release properties. SGAs were fabricated by pre-gelatinization coupling with high-speed shear at different GEO-CS mass ratios. When the mass ratio of GEO to pre-gelatinized corn starch was set at 15 % (SGA-15 %), with a fixed shear rate of 9000 rpm and a shear time of 30 min, the allicin content was 0.573 ± 0.023 mg/g. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed a starch V-type crystalline structure in SGAs with peaks at 13.0°, 18.0°, and 20.0° (2θ). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of SGAs displayed a shift in the characteristic peak of diallyl trisulfide from 987.51 cm-1 to 991.45 cm-1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that SGAs exhibited lamellar structures covered with small granules. SGAs exhibited higher residual mass (approximately 12 %) than other samples. The resistant starch content of SGAs increased from 10.1 % to 18.4 % as GEO contents varied from 5 % to 15 %. In vitro digestion tests showed that about 53.21 % of allicin remained in SGA-15 % after 8 h. Therefore, this dual treatment can be a new method for fabricating controlled-release inclusion complexes of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Anan Hang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yinghui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100010, PR China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xihong He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Limin Hao
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100010, PR China.
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24
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Serrano-Jara D, Rivera-Gomis J, Tornel JA, Jordán MJ, Martínez-Conesa C, Pablo MJC. Oregano Essential Oil and Purple Garlic Powder Effects on Intestinal Health, Microbiota Indicators and Antimicrobial Resistance as Feed Additives in Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:111. [PMID: 38200842 PMCID: PMC10778277 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Finding alternatives to zinc oxide is a pressing issue for the pig production sector. We studied the impact of the bioactive components degradation of oregano essential oil (OEO) and purple garlic powder (PGP) during storage in silos, their effect on the morphometry of the jejunum and ileum and the cecal microbiota as intestinal health indicators in piglets during the post-weaning period. We also monitored antimicrobial resistance in the commensal indicator E. coli. Histological parameters and intestinal microbiota were measured in 140 piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/kg of food), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2%, respectively, two groups with PGP 0.4% and 2%, respectively, and a group with OEO with 1.2% combined with PGP with 2%. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, before samples were taken. Antibiotic resistance profiles were measured in 81 E. coli strains. On this occasion, only the control groups, ZnO, OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and OEO 1.2% + PGP 2% were used, and the samples were obtained from the cecal content. A progressive loss of the bioactive components of OEO and PGP was observed during the 34 days of storage (p < 0.05). PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination showed results similar to ZnO (p > 0.05), or superior in the study of intestinal morphometry and the values of E. coli and Lactobacillus. All categories showed high levels of resistance. Only the strains isolated from the OEO 1.2% group did not show resistance to colistin and presented the lowest resistance values. In general, high doses of the additives studied showed the best results, obtaining levels like or higher than those offered by ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serrano-Jara
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jorge Rivera-Gomis
- Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Inverness, Scotland IV2 5NA, UK
| | | | - María José Jordán
- Research Group on Rainfed Agriculture for Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Oenology and Sustainable Agriculture, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food and Environmental Research (IMIDA), La Alberca de Las Torres, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.J.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Conesa
- Research Group on Rainfed Agriculture for Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Oenology and Sustainable Agriculture, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food and Environmental Research (IMIDA), La Alberca de Las Torres, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.J.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - María José Cubero Pablo
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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25
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Wojaczyńska E, Wojaczyński J. Sulfoxides in medicine. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102340. [PMID: 37307682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the review, current status of sulfoxides on the pharmaceutical market is discussed. In the first part of the article, natural sulfoxides will be described with a special focus on sulforaphane and amanitin, a mushroom toxin which has been developed as payload in antibody drug conjugates in the possible cancer treatment. Controversies associated with the medical use of dimethylsulfoxide are briefly described in the next section. In the part devoted to PPIs, the benefits of using pure enantiomers (chiral switch) are discussed. An interesting approach, repositioning of drugs is exemplified by new possible applications of modafinil and sulindac. The review is concluded by presentation of cenicriviroc and adezmapimod, both with the status of promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jacek Wojaczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50 383, Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Burenjargal M, Narangerel T, Batmunkh T, Dong A, Idesh S. A review of the bioactive properties of Mongolian plants, with a focus on their potential as natural food preservatives. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5736-5752. [PMID: 37823130 PMCID: PMC10563759 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers have recently preferred food that is easy to make and of excellent quality, as well as food that is safe, natural, and minimally processed, but has a longer shelf life. Food deteriorates over time as a result of microbiological, chemical, or physical changes. Phytochemicals derived from medicinal and food plants have long been recognized for their biological activity to protect plants. These bioactivities are designed to increase the shelf life of food while inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The use of natural plant food preservatives containing bioactive compounds as health-promoting agents is particularly intriguing. Furthermore, due to their effectiveness against food spoilage and foodborne pathogens, natural plant-origin antimicrobial compounds have been investigated as alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial compounds for preserving food quality. This review focused on the plant composition and properties that can be utilized as a natural food preservative, as well as the possibilities of using Mongolian medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuya Narangerel
- Department of ChemistryNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Tuyagerel Batmunkh
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of EducationInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Saruul Idesh
- Department of ChemistryNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
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27
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Zhou Q, Sun H, Zhang G, Wang J, Tian J. Gene Co-Expression Analysis Reveals the Transcriptome Changes and Hub Genes of Fructan Metabolism in Garlic under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3357. [PMID: 37836095 PMCID: PMC10574564 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought has become a serious environmental factor that affects the growth and yield of plants. Fructan, as an important storage compound in garlic, plays an important role in drought tolerance. Genomic changes in plants under drought stress clarify the molecular mechanism of plants' responses to stress. Therefore, we used RNA-seq to determine the transcriptomic changes in garlic under drought stress and identified the key module related to fructan metabolism by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the garlic transcriptome under drought stress over a time course (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 d). Drought significantly induces changes in gene expression. The number of specifically expressed genes were 1430 (3 d), 399 (6 d), 313 (9 d), 351 (12 d), and 1882 (15 d), and only 114 genes responded at each time point. The number of upregulated DEGs was higher than the number of downregulated DEGs. Gene ontology and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that garlic was more likely to cause changes in carbohydrate metabolism pathways under drought stress. Fructan content measurements showed that drought stress significantly induced fructan accumulation in garlic. To determine whether there were modules involved in the transcriptional regulation of fructan content in garlic, we further analyzed the genes related to fructan metabolism using WGCNA. They were enriched in two modules, with F-box protein and GADPH as hub genes, which are involved in garlic fructan metabolism in response to drought stress. These results provide important insights for the future research and cultivation of drought-tolerant garlic varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.S.); (G.Z.)
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Haihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.S.); (G.Z.)
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.S.); (G.Z.)
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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28
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Skoczylas J, Jędrszczyk E, Dziadek K, Dacewicz E, Kopeć A. Basic Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Selected Polyphenolic Compounds Profile in Garlic Leaves and Bulbs Collected at Various Stages of Development. Molecules 2023; 28:6653. [PMID: 37764429 PMCID: PMC10537509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic is commonly used as vegetable or spice and as a herb in folklore as well as traditional medicine in many countries. The current study aimed to compare the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and the content of selected polyphenolic compounds in cloves as well as leaves of winter garlic plants of the Harnaś and Ornak cultivars, which are of Polish origin. Garlic was grown from cloves for three years (2018-2020) in the experimental field of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland. The research material was harvested on three dates: May; June, unripe garlic plants; and in July, the plant at full maturity. The content of vitamin C in the fresh material was determined. The proximate analysis was determined in the freeze-dried plants of garlic, and the total carbohydrate content was calculated. The antioxidant activity and the content of selected polyphenolic compounds were also determined. Garlic cloves showed a higher content of dry matter, and total carbohydrates than the leaves of garlic plants. On the other hand, in the leaves, a significantly higher content of protein, total fat and ash were observed. Additionally, garlic leaves were characterised by a higher content of vitamin C, total polyphenols, and a higher antioxidant activity than garlic cloves. The leaves of young garlic plants from the May harvest were distinguished by a higher content of these compounds. The dominant phenolic compounds were catechin and epicatechin. The leaves of young plants can be a valuable source of bioactive substances, especially in early spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skoczylas
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Elżbieta Jędrszczyk
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kinga Dziadek
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Ewa Dacewicz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Adam Mickiewicz Ave. 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (K.D.)
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Caetano ELA, Frattes CDC, Segato TCM, Leite FG, Pickler TB, de Oliveira Junior JM, Jozala AF, Grotto D. Protective effect of Agaricus bisporus mushroom against maternal and fetal damage induced by lead administration during pregnancy in rats. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1424-1437. [PMID: 37421350 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead (Pb) is a toxic pollutant, which can affect different tissues of the human body. The use of natural elements, as medicinal mushroom can reduce the toxic effects of Pb. OBJECTIVE We evaluated, through preclinical tests, the oral co exposures to mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Ab) by gavage and Pb in drinking water, and the capability of Ab be a protective agent for both pregnant rats and their fetuses. METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 5/group): Group I-Control; Group II-Ab 100 mg/kg; Group III-Pb 100 mg/L; Group IV-Ab +Pb -100 mg/kg +100 mg/L. Exposure was performed until the 19th day of gestation. On the 20th day, pregnant rats were euthanized, and the outcomes evaluated were weight gain; hematological profile; biochemical markers; oxidative stress markers; reproductive capacity; and embryo fetal development. RESULTS The characterization of mushrooms reveals them to be a valuable source of nutrients. However, Pb ingestion resulted in reduced weight gain and negative impacts on hematological and biochemical parameters. Fortunately, co administration of mushrooms helped to mitigate these negative effects and promote recovery. The mushroom also showed antioxidant activity, improving parameters of oxidative stress. In addition, Ab partially recovered the damage in fetal morphology and bone parameters. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the co administration of Ab improved the toxicity caused by Pb, and the mushroom could be used as a natural alternative as a protective/chelator agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernanda Gomes Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Toxicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kilic-Buyukkurt O, Kelebek H, Bordiga M, Keskin M, Selli S. Changes in the aroma and key odorants from white garlic to black garlic using approaches of molecular sensory science: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19056. [PMID: 37664728 PMCID: PMC10469958 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Black garlic is a relatively new product that has become very popular in recent years. It is obtained by fermenting raw (white) garlic by the application of heat treatment. The undesirable pungent odor of the white garlic disappears and the black garlic product with a sweet-sour flavor is formed after various reactions during the applied heat process. As a result, black garlic is more preferred and easily consumed by the consumers compared to white garlic. This review aims to summarize the studies on the changes in the odorants during the heat treatment employed in the production of black garlic as well as the factors affecting the changes in the aroma and aroma-active compounds and the use of molecular sensory science (MSS) approach, which has been applied in recent years as a new method for the determination of the aroma compounds. This work revealed that the use of the MSS on the aroma changes in black garlic is quite limited in the literature. Thus, more studies are needed to understand the aroma changes that occur during the formation of black garlic from white garlic in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kilic-Buyukkurt
- Department of Food Technology, Kadirli Applied Sciences School, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80760, Osmaniye, Türkiye
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Matteo Bordiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”. Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Muharrem Keskin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31040, Antakya, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Türkiye
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Sunanta P, Kontogiorgos V, Pankasemsuk T, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Seesuriyachan P, Sommano SR. The nutritional value, bioactive availability and functional properties of garlic and its related products during processing. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1142784. [PMID: 37560057 PMCID: PMC10409574 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1142784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic, a common culinary spice, is cultivated and used around the globe. Consumption of garlic and its supplements reduces the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and boosts the immune system with antibacterial, antifungal, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties. Diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, triallyl trisulfide, phenolics, flavonoids, and others are the most commercially recognized active ingredients in garlic and its products. In recent years, global demand for medicinal or functional garlic has surged, introducing several products such as garlic oil, aged garlic, black garlic, and inulin into the market. Garlic processing has been demonstrated to directly impact the availability of bioactive ingredients and the functionality of products. Depending on the anticipated functional qualities, it is also recommended that one or a combination of processing techniques be deemed desirable over the others. This work describes the steps involved in processing fresh garlic into products and their physicochemical alterations during processing. Their nutritional, phytochemical, and functional properties are also reviewed. Considering the high demand for functional food, this review has been compiled to provide guidance for food producers on the industrial utilization and suitability of garlic for new product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyachat Sunanta
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Vassilis Kontogiorgos
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tanachai Pankasemsuk
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phisit Seesuriyachan
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Galgaye GG. Effect of garlic genotypes ( Allium sativum L.) on phenotype, growth, yield-related attributes, and nutritional quality at Bule Hora agro-ecology. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16317. [PMID: 37274705 PMCID: PMC10238683 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate variety use in different agroecology is one of the primary issues which significantly affect garlic phenotype, growth, yield, and nutritional quality. For this reason, a trial was done during the 2022 main season at the demonstration site of Bule Hora University, to see the impact of genotypes on phenotype, growth, yield-related attributes, and nutritional quality of garlic. The experiment was composed of four varieties namely Kuriftu, Holleta, Chafe, Tsedey 92, and one local cultivar. The trial was set up in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. The output showed that garlic varieties statistically (p < 0.05) affected all phenotype, growth, yield-related attributes, and nutritional qualities. Using a variety of Holleta and kuriftu minimize days of emergence by 9.82 and 10.33 days after planting and 75% physiological maturity by 23.6 and 25.90 days after planting, respectively, beyond variety Tsedey 92. The highest marketable bulb yield (8.21 t/ha, and 8.18 t/ha) was observed from Kuriftu and Holleta, respectively. While the lowest (4.39 t/ha) was from Tsedey 92. The highest Ash, energy, and carbohydrate were recorded from Kuriftu and Holleta, while the least from the Local cultivar. However, the highest moisture content, protein, and fat were observed from local cultivars, while the least from Kuriftu, and Holleta. In general, garlic varieties significantly affected all the phenotype, growth, bulb yield-related, and Nutritional quality. Therefore, it can be concluded that using the variety Kuriftu, and Holleta at Bule Hora agroecology is suggested to boost early germination, better performance, marketable bulb yield, and nutritional quality of garlic.
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Li N, Li S, Wang Q, Yang S, Hou Y, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Chen H. A novel visualization method for the composition analysis of processed garlic by MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry (MSI) and Q-TOF LC-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112746. [PMID: 37120200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Laba garlic is a kind of vinegar processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) product with multiple health effects. This study applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MSI) and Q-TOF LC-MS/MS for the first time to investigate the garlic tissue spatial distribution changes of low molecular weight compounds during the Laba garlic processing. The distribution characteristics of the compounds were observed in processed and unprocessed garlic including amino acids and derivatives, organosulfur compounds, pigment precursors, polysaccharides and saponins. During Laba garlic processing, some bioactive compounds such as alliin and saponins were lost because they were transformed into other compounds or leached into the acetic acid solution, and some new compounds including pigments-related compounds occurred. This study provided a basis for the spatial distributions and changes of compounds in garlic tissue during Laba garlic processing, which suggested that the bioactivities of garlic might be changed after processing owing to the transformation and change of the constituents.
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Das A, Thomas KRJ. Tuning Selectivity in the Visible-Light-Promoted Coupling of Thiols with Alkenes by EDA vs TOCO Complex Formation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18275-18289. [PMID: 37251145 PMCID: PMC10210280 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The visible-light-promoted catalyst-free condition has been demonstrated for self- and cross-coupling reactions of thiols in an ambient atmosphere. Further, synthesis of β-hydroxysulfides is accomplished under very mild conditions involving the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between a disulfide and an alkene. However, the direct reaction of thiol with alkene via the formation of a thiol-oxygen co-oxidation (TOCO) complex failed to produce the desired compounds in high yields. The protocol was successful with several aryl and alkyl thiols for the formation of disulfides. However, the formation of β-hydroxysulfides required an aromatic unit on the disulfide fragment, which supports the formation of the EDA complex during the course of the reaction. The approaches presented in this paper for the coupling reaction of thiols and the synthesis of β-hydroxysulfides are unique and do not require toxic organic or metal catalysts.
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Prajapati MR, Singh J, Kumar P, Dixit R. De novo transcriptome analysis and identification of defensive genes in garlic (Allium sativum L.) using high-throughput sequencing. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:56. [PMID: 37162611 PMCID: PMC10172436 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most widely cultivated Allium which is mainly grown in temperate regions and used as a flavoring agent in a wide variety of foods. Garlic contains various bioactive compounds whose metabolic pathways, plant-pathogen interactions, defensive genes, identify interaction networks, and functional genomics were not previously predicted in the garlic at the genomic level. To address this issue, we constructed two garlic Illumina 2000 libraries from tissues of garlic clove and leaf. RESULTS Approximately 43 million 125 bp paired-end reads were obtained in the two libraries. A total of 239,973 contigs were generated by de novo assembly of both samples and were compared with the sequences in the NCBI non-redundant protein database (Nr). In total, 42% of contigs were matched to known proteins in public databases including Nr, Gene Ontology (GO), and Cluster Orthologous Gene Database (COG), and then, contigs were mapped to 138 via functional annotation against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database (KEGG). In addition, a number of regulatory genes including the CCHC (Zn) family, followed by WD40, bromodomain, bZIP, AP2-EREBP, BED-type (Zn) proteins, and defense response proteins related to different conserved domains, such as RGA3, NBS-LRR, TIR-NBS-LRR, LRR, NBS-ARC, and CC-NBS-LRR were discovered based on the transcriptome dataset. We compared the ortholog gene family of the A. sativum transcriptome to A. thaliana, O. sativa, and Z. mays and found that 12,077 orthologous gene families are specific to A. sativum L. Furthermore, we identified genes involved in plant defense mechanisms, their protein-protein interaction network, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study contains an extensive sequencing and functional gene-annotation analysis of A. sativum L. The findings provide insights into the molecular basis of TFs, defensive genes, and a reference for future studies on the genetics and breeding of A. sativum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malyaj R Prajapati
- Division of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250110, India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Division of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250110, India.
| | - Rekha Dixit
- Division of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250110, India
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Abbas F, Zhou Y, O'Neill Rothenberg D, Alam I, Ke Y, Wang HC. Aroma Components in Horticultural Crops: Chemical Diversity and Usage of Metabolic Engineering for Industrial Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091748. [PMID: 37176806 PMCID: PMC10180852 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce an incredible variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that assist the interactions with their environment, such as attracting pollinating insects and seed dispersers and defense against herbivores, pathogens, and parasites. Furthermore, VOCs have a significant economic impact on crop quality, as well as the beverage, food, perfume, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries. These VOCs are mainly classified as terpenoids, benzenoids/phenylpropanes, and fatty acid derivates. Fruits and vegetables are rich in minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, while aroma compounds play a major role in flavor and quality management of these horticultural commodities. Subtle shifts in aroma compounds can dramatically alter the flavor and texture of fruits and vegetables, altering their consumer appeal. Rapid innovations in -omics techniques have led to the isolation of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of several volatiles, which has aided to our comprehension of the regulatory molecular pathways involved in VOC production. The present review focuses on the significance of aroma volatiles to the flavor and aroma profile of horticultural crops and addresses the industrial applications of plant-derived volatile terpenoids, particularly in food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biofuel industries. Additionally, the methodological constraints and complexities that limit the transition from gene selection to host organisms and from laboratories to practical implementation are discussed, along with metabolic engineering's potential for enhancing terpenoids volatile production at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Intikhab Alam
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- College of Economics and Management, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Bafandeh S, Khodadadi E, Ganbarov K, Asgharzadeh M, Köse Ş, Samadi Kafil H. Natural Products as a Potential Source of Promising Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Viral Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5525165. [PMID: 37096202 PMCID: PMC10122587 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5525165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Background A global pandemic has recently been observed due to the new coronavirus disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since there are currently no antiviral medicines to combat the highly contagious and lethal COVID-19 infection, identifying natural sources that can either be viricidal or boost the immune system and aid in the fight against the disease can be an essential therapeutic support. Methods This review was conducted based on published papers related to the herbal therapy of COVID-19 by search on databases including PubMed and Scopus with herbal, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and therapy keywords. Results To combat this condition, people may benefit from the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants, such as increasing their immune system or providing an antiviral impact. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 infection death rates can be reduced. Various traditional medicinal plants and their bioactive components, such as COVID-19, are summarized in this article to assist in gathering and debating techniques for combating microbial diseases in general and boosting our immune system in particular. Conclusion The immune system benefits from natural products and many of these play a role in activating antibody creation, maturation of immune cells, and stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The lack of particular antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 means that apitherapy might be a viable option for reducing the hazards associated with COVID-19 in the absence of specific antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Bafandeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Khudaverdi Ganbarov
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Şükran Köse
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hossain MS, Shahiduzzaman M, Rahim MA, Paul M, Sarkar R, Chaity FS, Uddin MN, Rana GM, Yeasmin MS, Kibria A, Islam S. Bioactive properties and organosulfur compounds profiling of newly developed garlic varieties of Bangladesh. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100577. [PMID: 36845496 PMCID: PMC9944507 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies are being carried out on achieving the maximum quality of garlic through various approaches. In Bangladesh, new garlic varieties (BARI 1-4, BAU-1, BAU-2, BAU-5) have been recently developed by artificial selection to enhance their quality. The present study aimed to evaluate their potency in terms of bioactive properties and organosulfur compounds content using different bioassay and GC-MS techniques while comparing them with other accessible varieties (Chinese, Indian, Local). The new variety, BARI-3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. It was also found with the highest level of a potent blood pressure-lowering agent, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiine (78.15 %), which is never reported in any garlic at this percentage. However, the local variety exhibited greater inhibitory properties against the tested organisms including multidrug-resistant pathogens compared to other varieties. This study primarily shows the potential of these two kinds of garlic for their further utilization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hossain
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahiduzzaman
- Regional Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdur Rahim
- Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Methun Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Sarkar
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Showline Chaity
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Najem Uddin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - G.M. Masud Rana
- Oils, Fats & Waxes Research Division, BCSIR Rajshahi Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Rajshahi 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin
- Oils, Fats & Waxes Research Division, BCSIR Rajshahi Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Rajshahi 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Amena Kibria
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Industrial Microbiology Research Division, BCSIR Chattogram Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chattogram 4220, Bangladesh
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Froldi G. The Use of Medicinal Plants in Blood Vessel Diseases: The Influence of Gender. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040866. [PMID: 37109395 PMCID: PMC10147070 DOI: 10.3390/life13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data available in the literature on the use of herbal products to treat inflammation-related vascular diseases were considered in this study, while also assessing the influence of gender. To this end, the articles published in PubMed over the past 10 years that described the use of plant extracts in randomized clinical trials studying the effectiveness in vascular pathologies were analyzed. The difference in efficacy of plant-derived preparations in female and male subjects was always considered when reporting. The safety profiles of the selected plants were described, reporting unwanted effects in humans and also by searching the WHO database (VigiBase®). The medicinal plants considered were Allium sativum, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Sechium edule, Terminalia chebula. Additionally, an innovative type of preparation consisting of plant-derived nanovesicles was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Steglińska A, Sulyok M, Janas R, Grzesik M, Liszkowska W, Kręgiel D, Gutarowska B. Metabolite Formation by Fungal Pathogens of Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Presence of Bioprotective Agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5221. [PMID: 36982130 PMCID: PMC10049107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potato is a crop of global importance for the food industry. This is why effective protection against pathogens is so important. Fungi as potato pathogens are responsible for plant diseases and a significant reduction in yields, as well as for the formation of mycotoxins. This study focuses on the effect of three natural biocides, yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima, lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and aqueous garlic extract, on the improvement of the physiology of planted potato tubers and the reduction in mycotoxin formation. The secondary metabolites produced by the fungal pathogens of genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Rhizoctonia, and Phoma in the presence of these biocontrol agents were compared to profiles obtained from contaminated potatoes. Analysis of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry data showed the presence of 68 secondary metabolites, including the mycotoxins: alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, altertoxin-I, aurofusarin, beauvericin, diacetoxyscirpenol, enniatin B, and sterigmatocystin. The studies showed that the applied biocontrol agents had a positive effect on the physiological parameters of potatoes (including root growth, stem growth, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content index) and on the reduction in the production of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites by Fusarium, Alternaria, and Phoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steglińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Regina Janas
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (R.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Mieczysław Grzesik
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (R.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Wiktoria Liszkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
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Rakshit D, Nayak S, Kundu S, Angelopoulou E, Pyrgelis ES, Piperi C, Mishra A. The Pharmacological Activity of Garlic ( Allium sativum) in Parkinson's Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to the Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1033-1044. [PMID: 36861262 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide, is mainly characterized neuropathologically by the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brainstem. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to PD pathophysiology through modulation of pleiotropic cellular mechanisms. The currently available treatment options focus only on replenishing dopamine and do not alter disease progression. Interestingly, garlic (Allium sativum), globally famed for its flavor and taste-enhancing properties, has shown protective activity in different PD models. Numerous chemical constituents of garlic, mainly the organosulfur compounds, have been shown to exhibit anti-Parkinsonian effects by targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and neuroinflammation-related signaling. However, despite its therapeutic potential against PD, the major bioactive components of garlic display some stability issues and some adverse effects. In the present review, we explore the therapeutic potential of garlic and its major constituents in PD, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its pharmaceutical activity, and the associated limitations that need to be overcome for its future potential use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Rakshit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Sudipta Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Snehashis Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
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Zhang YW, Fu XX, Chen JG, Yang YL, Wu WX, Xiao SL, Huang YJ, Peng WW. Antifungal alkaloids from the branch-leaves of Clausena lansium Lour. Skeels (Rutaceae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36889932 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rational utilization of botanical secondary metabolites is one of the strategies to reduce the application of chemical fungicides. The extensive biological activities of Clausena lansium indicate that it has the potential to develop botanical fungicides. RESULTS A systematic investigation on the antifungal alkaloids from C. lansium branch-leaves following bioassay-guided isolation was implemented. Sixteen alkaloids, including two new and nine known carbazole alkaloids, one known quinoline alkaloid and four known amides, were isolated. Compounds 4, 7, 12 and 14 showed strong antifungal activity on Phytophthora capsiciwith EC50 values ranging from 50.67 to 70.82 μg mL-1 . Compounds 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 16 displayed different degrees of antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea with EC50 values ranging from 54.18 to 129.83 μg mL-1 . It was reported for the first time that these alkaloids had antifungal effects on P. capsici or B. dothidea, and their structure-activity relationships were further discussed systematically. Additionally, among all alkaloids, dictamine (12) had the strongest antifungal activities against P. capsici (EC50 = 50.67 μg mL-1 ) and B. dothidea (EC50 = 54.18 μg mL-1 ), and its physiological effects on P. capsici and B. dothidea also were further evaluated. CONCLUSION Capsicum lansium is a potential source of antifungal alkaloids, and C. lansium alkaloids had the potential as lead compounds of botanical fungicides in the development of new fungicides with novel action mechanism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Zhang
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Fu
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tuberous Plant Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ji-Guang Chen
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Le Yang
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Xuan Wu
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Su-Ling Xiao
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying-Jin Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tuberous Plant Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Peng
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tuberous Plant Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Parreño R, Rodríguez-Alcocer E, Martínez-Guardiola C, Carrasco L, Castillo P, Arbona V, Jover-Gil S, Candela H. Turning Garlic into a Modern Crop: State of the Art and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1212. [PMID: 36986902 PMCID: PMC10057115 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is cultivated worldwide for the value of its bulbs, but its cultivation is challenged by the infertility of commercial cultivars and the accumulation of pathogens over time, which occurs as a consequence of vegetative (clonal) propagation. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of garlic genetics and genomics, highlighting recent developments that will lead to its development as a modern crop, including the restoration of sexual reproduction in some garlic strains. The set of tools available to the breeder currently includes a chromosome-scale assembly of the garlic genome and multiple transcriptome assemblies that are furthering our understanding of the molecular processes underlying important traits like the infertility, the induction of flowering and bulbing, the organoleptic properties and resistance to various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Parreño
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Alcocer
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Carrasco
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Purificación Castillo
- Departamento I+D, Coopaman S.C.L., Carretera Peñas De San Pedro, km 1.6, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Sara Jover-Gil
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Yoosefian SH, Ahmadi E, Mohammad‐Razdari A. Combination of gamma irradiation and storage condition for improving mechanical and physical postharvest characteristics of fresh garlic cloves. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1463-1476. [PMID: 36911819 PMCID: PMC10002959 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the discrimination and optimization of irradiation effect under physical and mechanical experiments on garlic. The samples were irradiated with 0, 75, and 150 Gy doses and stored at 4 and 18°C for 5 months. Physical, mechanical, and color properties were measured in the period of storage. Based on the results, all irradiated garlic samples had less quality variation than control samples. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized dose, storage time, and temperature of the stored garlic which was 75 Gy, 2 months, and 17°C, respectively. In addition, after finding the optimal dose, time, and temperature, the most effective factor as weight loss was obtained and the data were classified by the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. The results showed that the PCA method had a high ability to classify and separate the data obtained from measuring the physicochemical properties of garlic and cover 99% variance of data. Moreover, partial least square (PLS) was applied for predicting weight loss data with R2 0.9999. As well, a mechanical test was investigated for finding the best situation and duration of storage condition. Finally, irradiation prevented the destruction of garlic and saved garlic in the best quality as compared with control or nonirradiated samples. After all this, it can be decided to keep garlic in warehouses and transfer this product with minimum damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Hoda Yoosefian
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of AgricultureBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamadanIran
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of AgricultureBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamadanIran
| | - Ayat Mohammad‐Razdari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of BiosystemsShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
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Xie Q, Liu X, Liu H, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Ding W, Lyu Q, Fu Y, Wang X. Insight into the effect of garlic peptides on the physicochemical and anti-staling properties of wheat starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:363-371. [PMID: 36581041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The staling of wheat starch in storage seriously damages the quality of starch-based foods, and how to delay the staling has become a topic focus. To solve the problem, this study analyzed the effect of garlic peptides on the physical and retrogradation behaviors of wheat starch during storage. The rheological, pasting, swelling properties, molecular order, water migration, and microstructure of wheat starch gels were evaluated. Our results showed that garlic peptides effectively reduced the storage and loss modulus of wheat starch. The physical properties indicated that garlic peptides suppressed the swelling and gelatinization of starch, which exhibited higher water holding capacity and lower water migration. In addition, garlic peptides incorporated wheat starch exhibited the lowest gel hardness during storage. X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis indicated that garlic peptides could reduce the crystallinity and inhibit the formation of ordered structures in wheat starch gel. The microstructure observation showed that the gel with garlic peptides maintained the integrity of the network structure. Consequently, garlic peptides are expected to be an effective natural additive to inhibit starch staling and provide new insights for starch-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianran Xie
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shensheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qingyun Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Tedeschi P, Brugnoli F, Merighi S, Grassilli S, Nigro M, Catani M, Gessi S, Bertagnolo V, Travagli A, Caboni MF, Cavazzini A. The Effect of Different Storage Conditions on Phytochemical Composition, Shelf-Life, and Bioactive Compounds of Voghiera Garlic PDO. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020499. [PMID: 36830057 PMCID: PMC9952458 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Voghiera garlic is an Italian white garlic variety which obtained in 2010 the Protected Designation of Origin. It is widely used for culinary purposes or as an ingredient for supplement production due to its phytochemical compositions. The storage conditions seem to be crucial to retain the high quality of garlic bulbs and their by-products, taking into account the high importance of organosulfur and phenolic compounds for the bioactive potency of garlic and its shelf-life. This study aims to examine the effect of storage on the phytochemical composition, biological effects, and shelf-life of Voghiera garlic PDO. In detail, we considered (i) -4 °C (industrial storage) for 3, 6, and 9 months; (ii) +4 °C for 3 months (home conservation), and (iii) -4 °C for 3 months, plus +4 °C for another 3 months. We focused our attention on the organosulfur compounds, total condensed tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and related antioxidant activity changes during the storage period. To evaluate the bioactive effects, the Voghiera garlic extracts at different storage conditions were administered to a breast cancer cell line, while antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was detected using macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We observed a decrease in sulfur compounds after 6 months which correlated to a decrease in bioactive effects, while the number of antioxidant compounds was stable during the storage period, showing the good effect of refrigerated temperature in maintaining garlic bulb shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tedeschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Fiorenza Caboni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Jian Y, Feng S, Huang A, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Tang S, Jin L, Ren M, Dong P. Integrative mRNA and microRNA Analysis Exploring the Inducing Effect and Mechanism of Diallyl Trisulfide (DATS) on Potato against Late Blight. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043474. [PMID: 36834885 PMCID: PMC9962630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, leads to a significant reduction in the yield and value of potato. Biocontrol displays great potential in the suppression of plant diseases. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a well-known natural compound for biocontrol, although there is little information about it against potato late blight. In this study, DATS was found to be able to inhibit the hyphae growth of P. infestans, reduce its pathogenicity on detached potato leaves and tubers, and induce the overall resistance of potato tubers. DATS significantly increases catalase (CAT) activity of potato tubers, and it does not affect the levels of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The transcriptome datasets show that totals of 607 and 60 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) are detected. Twenty-one negatively regulated miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs are observed in the co-expression regulatory network, which are mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and starch and sucrose metabolism based on the KEGG pathway. Our observations provide new insight into the role of DATS in biocontrol of potato late blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shun Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Airong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
- Hongshen Honors School, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shicai Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (P.D.)
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Luker HA, Salas KR, Esmaeili D, Holguin FO, Bendzus-Mendoza H, Hansen IA. Repellent efficacy of 20 essential oils on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and Ixodes scapularis ticks in contact-repellency assays. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1705. [PMID: 36717735 PMCID: PMC9886999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of mosquito- and tick-borne diseases are rising worldwide. Repellent products can protect individual users from being infected by such diseases. In a previous study, we identified five essential oils that display long-distance mosquito repellency using a Y-tube olfactometer assay. In the current study, the contact repellent efficacy of 20 active ingredients from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Minimum Risk Pesticides list were tested using Aedes aegypti and Ixodes scapularis. We utilized an arm-in-cage assay to measure complete protection time from mosquito bites for these active ingredients. To measure tick repellency, we used an EPA-recommended procedure to measure the complete protection time from tick crossings. We found that of the 20 ingredients tested, 10% v/v lotion emulsions with clove oil or cinnamon oil provided the longest protection from both mosquito bites and tick crossings. We conclude that in a 10% v/v emulsion, specific active ingredients from the EPA Minimum Risk Pesticides list can provide complete protection from mosquito bites and tick crossings for longer than one hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey A Luker
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
| | - Keyla R Salas
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Delaram Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - F Omar Holguin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Skeen Hall, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Harley Bendzus-Mendoza
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, 1290 Frenger Mall, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Immo A Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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49
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Gong H, Wang T, Hua Y, Wang WD, Shi C, Xu HX, Li LL, Zhang DP, Sun YE, Yu NN. Garlic varieties and drying methods affected the physical properties, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of dried garlic powder. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2093400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gong
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Engineering, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Hua
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cong Shi
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hai-Xu Xu
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu-Lu Li
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Nan-Nan Yu
- College of Food Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
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50
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Hwang IS, Kim MK. Determination of Aroma Characteristics of Commercial Garlic Powders Distributed in Korea via Instrumental and Descriptive Sensory Analyses. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:464-473. [PMID: 36721742 PMCID: PMC9843716 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum), a species in the onion Genus, plays an important role in Korean cuisine. However, because garlic is perishable, garlic powder is often used instead. Garlic powder is prepared by freeze-drying, spray-freeze drying, and/or microwave-vacuum drying. The aim of this study was to determine the aroma and sensory characteristics of commercial garlic powders using instrumental and descriptive analyses. A sensory lexicon describing 13 aroma characteristics of dried garlic powder was developed, and 35 volatile compounds were identified. This study confirmed several key compounds related to fresh-garlic aroma, including dimethyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide, and identified allyl dimethyl trisulfide as a compound related to roasted-garlic aroma, with non-sulfur-containing compounds involved. The findings of this study can improve the understanding of organosulfur compounds that develop in dried garlic products during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seo Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
| | - Mina K. Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
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