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Ni BB, Liu H, Wang ZS, Zhang GY, Sang ZY, Liu JJ, He CY, Zhang JG. A chromosome-scale genome of Rhus chinensis Mill. provides new insights into plant-insect interaction and gallotannins biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:766-786. [PMID: 38271098 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Rhus chinensis Mill., an economically valuable Anacardiaceae species, is parasitized by the galling aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis, resulting in the formation of the Chinese gallnut (CG). Here, we report a chromosomal-level genome assembly of R. chinensis, with a total size of 389.40 Mb and scaffold N50 of 23.02 Mb. Comparative genomic and transcriptome analysis revealed that the enhanced structure of CG and nutritional metabolism contribute to improving the adaptability of R. chinensis to S. chinensis by supporting CG and galling aphid growth. CG was observed to be abundant in hydrolysable tannins (HT), particularly gallotannin and its isomers. Tandem repeat clusters of dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenase (DQD/SDH) and serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) and their homologs involved in HT production were determined as specific to HT-rich species. The functional differentiation of DQD/SDH tandem duplicate genes and the significant contraction in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family contributed to the accumulation of gallic acid and HT while minimizing the production of shikimic acid, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in CG. Furthermore, we identified one UDP glucosyltransferase (UGT84A), three carboxylesterase (CXE), and six SCPL genes from conserved tandem repeat clusters that are involved in gallotannin biosynthesis and hydrolysis in CG. We then constructed a regulatory network of these genes based on co-expression and transcription factor motif analysis. Our findings provide a genomic resource for the exploration of the underlying mechanisms of plant-galling insect interaction and highlight the importance of the functional divergence of tandem duplicate genes in the accumulation of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhao-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guo-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zi-Yang Sang
- Forest Enterprise of Wufeng County in Hubei Province, Wufeng, 443400, Hubei, China
| | - Juan-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Carriço CM, Tiritan ME, Cidade H, Afonso C, Silva JRE, Almeida IF. Added-Value Compounds in Cork By-Products: Methods for Extraction, Identification, and Quantification of Compounds with Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Interest. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083465. [PMID: 37110699 PMCID: PMC10144513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing threat of climatic crisis and fossil fuel extinction has caused a boom in sustainability trends. Consumer demand for so-called eco-friendly products has been steadily increasing, built upon the foundation of environmental protection and safeguarding for future generations. A natural product that has been used for centuries is cork, resulting from the outer bark of Quercus suber L. Currently, its major application is the production of cork stoppers for the wine industry, a process that, although considered sustainable, generates by-products in the form of cork powder, cork granulates, or waste such as black condensate, among others. These residues possess constituents of interest for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as they exhibit relevant bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. This interesting potential brings forth the need to develop methods for their extraction, isolation, identification, and quantification. The aim of this work is to describe the potential of cork by-products for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and to assemble the available extraction, isolation, and analytical methods applied to cork by-products, as well the biological assays. To our knowledge, this compilation has never been done, and it opens new avenues for the development of new applications for cork by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Morais Carriço
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Rocha E Silva
- Dimas & Silva, Lda. Industry, Rua Central de Goda 345, 4535-167 Mozelos, Portugal
| | - Isabel F Almeida
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Jia B, Wei Z, Kong X, Xia S, Gan L, Han S. Antioxidant Properties of Larch Tannins with Different Mean Polymerization Degrees: Controlled Degradation Based on Hydroxyl Radical Degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9367-9376. [PMID: 35866722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical produced by hydrogen peroxide decomposition under UV radiation was used to degrade larch tannins in an environmentally friendly manner. The formaldehyde reactivity of the degraded products was used as an index to control the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of the degraded products, and the effects of different mDP on the antioxidant activity of tannins were studied. Results showed that hydroxyl radical could significantly reduce the degree of polymerization (DP) and molecular weight (Mw) of larch tannins, and the mDP and Mw of degraded products could be controlled by considering the formaldehyde reactivity as the index. The antioxidant activity of larch tannins increased with the decrease in mDP. When the degradation time was 6 h, the formaldehyde reactivity was the highest at 0.823. The antioxidant activity of the degraded product was excellent, and the free radical scavenging rate was more than 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiangnan Kong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shitao Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuguang Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S, Pratap-Singh A, Kapusta I, Kruszyńska A, Rapak A, Ochmian I, Cebulak T, Żukiewicz-Sobczak W, Rubiński P. Flowers and Leaves Extracts of Stachys palustris L. Exhibit Stronger Anti-Proliferative, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Obesity Potencies than Stems and Roots Due to More Phenolic Compounds as Revealed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070785. [PMID: 35890084 PMCID: PMC9317270 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to assess the biological potential of polyphenolic compounds in different parts (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) of Stachys palustris L. Towards secondary metabolites profile, 89 polyphenolic compounds (PCs) were identified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS, with a total average content of 6089 mg/100 g of dry matter (d.m.). In terms of biological activity, antioxidant activity (radical activity, reducing power), digestive enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase) effect, and antiproliferative activity (inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines) were explored. Leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of S. palustris L. have not been studied in this regard until now. Vescalagin and cocciferin d2, isoverbascoside (verbascoside), luteolin 6-C-glucoside, luteolin 6-C-galactoside, apigenin 6-C-glucoside, (−)-epicatechin, ellagic acid, and malvidin 3-O-diglucoside were detected as main ingredients in the studied parts. Methanolic extract of S. palustris L. leaves and flowers revealed the highest amount of PCs with the strongest antiradical (18.5 and 15.6 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g d.m., respectively) and reducing power effects (7.3 and 5.6 mmol TE/g d.m.). Leaf extracts exhibited better α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibition effects, while flower extracts exhibited better α-glucosidase inhibition effect. Regarding antiproliferative activity, extracts of the leaves and flowers significantly reduced cell viability and induced a high level of apoptosis in human lung, pancreatic, bladder, and colon cancer cell lines, as well as in human acute myeloid leukemia; whereas the extracts from stems and roots revealed the weaker effects. The results of this work showed anti-proliferative and potentially anti-diabetic, anti-obesity properties of S. palustris L., especially for flowers and leaves, which may have wide potential applications in the functional food, special food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics industries, and/or in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 4 Nowy Świat Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (W.Ż.-S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems (LFS), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus 213-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems (LFS), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus 213-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (I.K.); (T.C.)
| | - Angelika Kruszyńska
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ireneusz Ochmian
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (I.K.); (T.C.)
| | - Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 4 Nowy Świat Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (W.Ż.-S.); (P.R.)
| | - Paweł Rubiński
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 4 Nowy Świat Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (W.Ż.-S.); (P.R.)
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Liman MS, Hassen A, McGaw LJ, Sutovsky P, Holm DE. Potential Use of Tannin Extracts as Additives in Semen Destined for Cryopreservation: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1130. [PMID: 35565556 PMCID: PMC9101357 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation and storage of semen for artificial insemination (AI) result in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This leads to a shortened life span and reduced motility of spermatozoa post-thawing, with consequent impairment of their function. However, certain levels of ROS are essential to facilitate the capacitation of spermatozoa required for successful fertilisation. Tannins, as well-known antioxidant compounds, may act as ROS binders/acceptors/scavengers to inhibit the damaging effects of ROS. This review comprises an analysis of the semen cryopreservation protocol and health functions of tannins, as well as the effects of ROS on fresh and cryopreserved semen's longevity and fertilisation. Additionally, we surveyed available evidence of the effects of tannin extract feed supplementation on male fertility. We furthermore interrogated existing theories on tannin use as a potential additive to semen extenders, its relationship with semen quality, and to what degree existing theories have been investigated to develop testable new hypotheses. Emphasis was placed on the effects of tannins on ROS, their involvement in regulating sperm structure and function during cryopreservation, and on post-thaw sperm motility, capacitation, and fertilising ability. The diverse effects of tannins on the reproductive system as a result of their potential metal ion chelation, protein precipitation, and biological antioxidant abilities have been identified. The current data are the first to support the further investigation of the incorporation of tannin-rich plant extracts into semen extenders to enhance the post-thaw survival, motility, and fertilising ability of cryopreserved spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Liman
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
- Niger State Livestock and Fisheries Institute, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Minna 920001, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA;
| | - Dietmar E. Holm
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
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Šola I, Poljuha D, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Davosir D, Pinterić M, Bilić J, Veberic R, Hudina M, Rusak G. Biopotential of Underutilized Rosaceae Inflorescences: LC-DAD-MS Phytochemical Profiles Associated with Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030271. [PMID: 35161257 PMCID: PMC8838311 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the biopotential of the young inflorescence tissues of Prunus, Malus and Chaenomeles in order to evaluate the possibility of their application in the food industry, and to provide a polyphenolic fingerprint for their quality control. The contents of different bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacities were spectrophotometrically measured, the main phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using LC-DAD-MS, the antidiabetic potential was determined using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, the anti-inflammatory potential was determined using a 5-lipoxygenase inhibition assay, and the cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Using one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the relations between the samples, and between the samples and the measured parameters, were revealed. In total, 77 compounds were identified. The concentration of sugars was low in M. purpurea, at 1.56 ± 0.08 mg/g DW. The most effective sample in the inhibition of antidiabetic enzymes and anti-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase was C. japonica. The inhibition of α-glucosidase was strongly positively correlated with the total and condensed tannins, procyanidin dimers and procyanidin tetramer, and was very strongly correlated with chlorogenic acid. In α-amylase inhibition, C. japonica and P. serrulata ‘Kiku Shidare Zakura’ were equally efficient to the standard inhibitor, maltose. The most effective in the growth and proliferation inhibition of HepG2, HCT116 and HaCaT cells was P. avium. The results suggest Prunus, Malus and Chaenomeles inflorescences as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.D.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4898094
| | - Danijela Poljuha
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia;
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.-P.); (R.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Dino Davosir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.D.); (G.R.)
| | - Marija Pinterić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Josipa Bilić
- METRIS Research Centre, Istrian University of Applied Sciences, Riva 6, 52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Robert Veberic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.-P.); (R.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Metka Hudina
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.-P.); (R.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Gordana Rusak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.D.); (G.R.)
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Ribeiro ACB, Cunha AP, da Silva LMR, Mattos ALA, de Brito ES, de Souza Filho MDSM, de Azeredo HMC, Ricardo NMPS. From mango by-product to food packaging: Pectin-phenolic antioxidant films from mango peels. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1138-1150. [PMID: 34717979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to prepare active films based on pectin and polyphenol-rich extracts from Tommy Atkins mango peels. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed a variety of phenolic compounds that were identified by UPLC-MS analysis, and a high content of total phenolics that were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The methanolic extract showed better results in antioxidant tests and was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The pectin extracted from mango peels showed good thermal stability and a degree of methoxylation of 58.3% by 1H NMR. The films containing the phenolic extracts showed lower water vapor permeability when compared to the control film (without any phenolic extracts). The incorporation of the extracts led to an increase in elongation (ε) and a decrease in tensile strength (σ) and modulus of elasticity (Y). The films with aqueous or methanolic extracts showed higher antioxidant activity in terms of inhibition of the DPPH radical. Therefore, the films developed in this work are presented as a promising alternative for food packaging and/or coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Barbosa Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus of Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Arcelina Pacheco Cunha
- Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus of Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edy Sousa de Brito
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, R. Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, R. Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Embrapa Instrumentação, R. XV de Novembro, 2452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus of Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Cardullo N, Floresta G, Rescifina A, Muccilli V, Tringali C. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of chlorogenic acid amides as potential hypoglycemic agents and their synergistic effect with acarbose. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105458. [PMID: 34736132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease considered one of the most severe global health emergencies. Chlorogenic acid (1) has been shown to delay intestinal glucose absorption by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) and α-amylase (α-Amy). In the present work, eleven chlorogenic acid amides have been synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant properties (as DPPH and ORAC) and inhibition activity towards the two enzymes and, with the aim to obtain dual-action antidiabetic agents. The two most promising hypoglycemic compounds, bearing a tertiary amine function on an alkyl chain (8) and a benzothiazole scaffold (11), showed IC50 values lower than that of (1) (45.5 µM α-Glu; 105.2 µM α-Amy). Amides 8 and 11 were by far more potent α-Glu inhibitors than the antidiabetic drug acarbose (IC50 = 268.4 µM) and about twice less active toward α-Amy than acarbose (IC50 = 34.4 µM). Kinetics experiments on amides 8 and 11 indicated these compounds as mixed-type inhibitors of α-Glu with K'i values of 13.3 and 6.3 µM, respectively. The amylase inhibition occurred with a competitive mechanism in the presence of 8 (Ki = 79.7 µM) and with a mixed-type mechanism with 11 (Ki = 19.1 µM; K'i = 93.6 µM). Molecular docking analyses supported these results, highlighting the presence of additional binding sites in both enzymes. Fluorescence experiments confirmed the grater affinity of amides 8 and 11 towards the two enzymes respect to (1). Moreover, a significant enhancement in acarbose efficacy was observed when inhibition assays were performed adding acarbose and amide 11. The above outcomes pinpointed the benzothiazole-based amide 11 as a promising candidate for further studies on type 2 diabetes treatment, both alone or combined with acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
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Wang Z, Wu Z, Zuo G, Lim SS, Yan H. Defatted Seeds of Oenothera biennis as a Potential Functional Food Ingredient for Diabetes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030538. [PMID: 33807644 PMCID: PMC8002154 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The defatted seeds of Oenothera biennis (DSOB) are a by-product of evening primrose oil production that are currently not effectively used. In this study, α-glucosidase inhibition, aldose reductase inhibition, antioxidant capacity, polyphenol composition, and nutritional value (carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fat, organic acid, and tocopherols) of DSOB were evaluated using the seeds of Oenothera biennis (SOB) as a reference. DSOB was an excellent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.31 μg/mL) and aldose reductase (IC50 = 2.56 μg/mL). DSOB also showed considerable antioxidant capacities (scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radicals). DSOB was a reservoir of polyphenols, and 25 compounds in DSOB were temporarily identified by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, the carbohydrate, protein, and mineral content of DSOB were increased compared to that of SOB. DSOB contained large amounts of fiber and low levels of sugars, and was rich in calcium and iron. These results imply that DSOB may be a potential functional food ingredient for diabetes, providing excellent economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-312-5079010 (Z.W.); +86-312-5078507 (H.Y.)
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Guanglei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.Z.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.Z.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-312-5079010 (Z.W.); +86-312-5078507 (H.Y.)
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Chamorro F, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods 2021; 10:251. [PMID: 33530516 PMCID: PMC7912241 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs. Since 20th-century, advances in analytical chemistry have allowed disclosure of the chemical nature of these molecules. The chemical profile of extracts obtained from previously selected species was investigated to try to establish a bridge between traditional background and scientific data. The study of the chemical composition of these extracts has permitted us to correlate the presence of tannins and other related molecules with the effectiveness of their apparent uses. The revision of traditional knowledge paired with scientific evidence may provide a supporting background on their use and the basis for developing innovative pharmacology and food applications based on formulations using natural sources of tannins. This traditional-scientific approach can result useful due to the raising consumers' demand for natural products in markets, to which tannin-rich extracts may pose an attractive alternative. Therefore, it is of interest to back traditional applications with accurate data while meeting consumer's acceptance. In this review, several species known to contain high amounts of tannins have been selected as a starting point to establish a correlation between their alleged traditional use, tannins content and composition and potential bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata RA7600, Argentina
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
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12
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Jarboui A, Nuñez-Estevez B, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins' Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization. Foods 2021; 10:137. [PMID: 33440730 PMCID: PMC7827785 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, consumers have been continuously moving towards the substitution of synthetic ingredients of the food industry by natural products, obtained from vegetal, animal or microbial sources. Additionally, a circular economy has been proposed as the most efficient production system since it allows for reducing and reutilizing different wastes. Current agriculture is responsible for producing high quantities of organic agricultural waste (e.g., discarded fruits and vegetables, peels, leaves, seeds or forestall residues), that usually ends up underutilized and accumulated, causing environmental problems. Interestingly, these agri-food by-products are potential sources of valuable bioactive molecules such as tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites of plants widespread in terrestrial and aquatic natural environments. As they can be found in plenty of plants and herbs, they have been traditionally used for medicinal and other purposes, such as the leather industry. This fact is explained by the fact that they exert plenty of different biological activities and, thus, they entail a great potential to be used in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, this review article is directed towards the description of the biological activities exerted by tannins as they could be further extracted from by-products of the agri-food industry to produce high-added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Amira Jarboui
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Reis SF, Coelho E, Evtuguin DV, Coimbra MA, Lopes P, Cabral M, Mateus N, Freitas V. Migration of Tannins and Pectic Polysaccharides from Natural Cork Stoppers to the Hydroalcoholic Solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14230-14242. [PMID: 33215920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins, condensed tannins, and pectic-derived polysaccharides were removed from natural cork stoppers using hydroalcoholic solution. Two main populations of migrated compounds were determined; the major one with molecular weight (MW) between 0.2 and 1 kDa and the second with 2.1 kDa and polydispersity of 1.3. Two residual populations mainly composed of condensed tannins were also observed between 2.5 and 4.5 kDa and higher than 15 kDa. Simple, C-glycosidic, complex, and oligomeric ellagitannins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS). Ellagitannins linked to condensed tannins and some pectic-derived polysaccharides were also tentatively identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS). This preliminary work opens an opportunity for the cork stoppers industry due to the relevance of this type of compounds on the astringency and bitterness of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia F Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO-Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Lopes
- Amorim & Irmãos S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 830, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cabral
- Amorim & Irmãos S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 830, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Balakrishnan A, Kanchinadham SBK, Kalyanaraman C. Assessment on biodegradability prediction of tannery wastewater using EPI Suite BIOWIN model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:732. [PMID: 33123797 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of organic compounds would reveal important information on the final fate of a chemical in the environment. However, establishing biodegradability and fate of a chemical is cumbersome. In this scenario, the use of multimedia models help in predicting the fate and half-life of any compound to establish biodegradability. The study commenced with collection of wastewater samples, after primary and secondary treatment, from a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) treating tannery wastewater. The samples were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis identified that polyphenolic compounds were detected after biological treatment. The identified compounds emanated from tanning, dyeing, and fatliquoring process of leather making. Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite BIOWIN 3 and BIOWIN 4 model prediction revealed that while the primary biodegradation time-frame ranged from days to weeks, the ultimate biodegradation took weeks in the case of all the detected compounds. This study established that BIOWIN model could be used as a screening tool to determine biodegradability of complex chemicals used in tanneries and help to design better treatment facility with enhanced efficiency for removal of polyphenolic compounds. This methodology can also be applied to other industrial wastewaters containing recalcitrant chemicals, and with the help of BIOWIN model, information on biodegradability of chemicals present in the wastewater can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Balakrishnan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | | | - Chitra Kalyanaraman
- Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
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A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Quercus Species. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11090904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Quercus genus provides a large amount of biomaterial with many applications in fields like pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and foodstuff areas. Due to the worldwide dissemination of the genus, many species were used for centuries in traditional healing methods or in the wine maturing process. This review aims to bring together the results about phytoconstituents from oak extracts and their biological applicability as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anticancer, etc. The literature data used in this paper were collected via PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct (2010–June 2020). The inclusion criteria were papers published in English, with information about phytoconstituents from Quercus species (leaves, bark and seeds/acorns) and biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiobesity, anti-acne vulgaris, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, antileishmanial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory. The exclusion criteria were the research of other parts of the Quercus species (e.g., galls, wood, and twigs); lack of information about phytochemistry and biological activities; non-existent Quercus species reported by the authors. The most studied Quercus species, in terms of identified biomolecules and biological activity, are Q. brantii, Q. infectoria and Q. robur. The Quercus species have been reported to contain several phytoconstituents. The main bioactive phytochemicals are phenolic compounds, volatile organic compounds, sterols, aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids. The, Quercus species are intensely studied due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, provided by their phytochemical composition. The general conclusion is that oak extracts can be exploited for their biological activity and can be used in research fields, such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and medical.
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Elfitriani E, Raif A, Ginting CN, Ikhtiari R. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-collagenase activity of Rosa damascena L. flower petal and receptacle extract. F1000Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24772.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rosa damascena L. is the most notable species of the Rosaceae family in the world, and has been used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. Bioactive compounds in this flower are known to have several activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. In this study, the antioxidant and collagenase inhibitory activities of R. damascena L. petal and receptacle extracts were evaluated. Methods: Ethanolic extraction of R. damascena L. petals (EERP) and R. damascena L. receptacles (EERR) were obtained, and bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and triterpenoids) were classified by phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activities were analyzed by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, while anti-collagenase analysis was examined through the inhibition of collagenase. Results: Phytochemical test revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, triterpenes, and tannin. EERP showed higher FRAP activity (164.23 ± 1.34 μM Fe(II)) than EERR (12.85 ± 6.19 μM Fe(II)). EERP also had higher inhibitory activity of collagenase (IC50 = 115.48±1.78 µM/mL) compared to EERR (IC50 = 141.96±6.13 µM/mL). Conclusions: R. damascena L. petal and receptacle ethanol extracts contain several components, such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes, triterpenoids, and steroids. These extracts exhibit antioxidant activity and collagenase inhibition. R. damascena L. petal extract showed higher antioxidant activity through FRAP assay and inhibitory activity of collagenase than R. damascena L. receptacle extract.
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Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Cunsolo V, Tringali C. Mass Spectrometry and 1H-NMR Study of Schinopsis lorentzii (Quebracho) Tannins as a Source of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Principles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143257. [PMID: 32708865 PMCID: PMC7397293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of the commercial tannin Tan’Activ QS-SOL (from Schinopsis lorentzii wood), employed for the production of red wine, was subjected to chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, providing nine fractions (A-1–A-9), which were estimated for total phenols content (GAE), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC), and hypoglycemic activity (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition). All the fractions were analyzed by means of HPLC/ESI-MS/MS and 1H-NMR to identify the principal active constituents. Fractions A-1 and A-3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and gallic acid (1), pyrogallol (3), eriodictyol (6), catechin (12), and taxifolin (30) were identified as the major constituents. The highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in fractions A-7–A-9 containing condensed (9′, 15, 18, 19, 23, and 27) hydrolysable tannins (13 and 32) as well as esters of quinic acid with different units of gallic acid (5, 11, 11′, 14, and 22). This last class of gallic acid esters are here reported for the first time as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors.
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Gammacurta M, Waffo-Teguo P, Winstel D, Dubourdieu D, Marchal A. Isolation of Taste-Active Triterpenoids from Quercus robur: Sensory Assessment and Identification in Wines and Spirit. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1611-1622. [PMID: 32343138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Six new triterpenoids (1-6), two known genins (7 and 8), and five known functionalized triterpenoids (9-13) were isolated from a Quercus robur heartwood extract. The purification protocol was guided by LC-HRMS by searching for structural analogues of bartogenic acid on the basis of their putative empirical formula. The structures of the new compounds were unequivocally elucidated using HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR experiments. Sensory analyses were performed in water and in a non-oaked white wine on the pure compounds 1-13 at 5 mg/L. All molecules were perceived as bitter in water and wine, but they were mostly reported as modifying the wine taste balance. Using LC-HRMS, compounds 1-13 were observed in oaked red wine and cognac and were semiquantified in oak wood extracts. The influence of two cooperage parameters, oak species and toasting process, on compounds 1-13 content was studied. All compounds were found in quantities significantly higher in pedunculate than in sessile oak wood. Toasting is a key step in barrel manufacture and modulates the concentration of the discussed compounds. Significantly higher quantities were observed in untoasted wood compared to medium or highly toasted wood. These findings provide new insights into the molecular origin of taste changes due to oak aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Gammacurta
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Waffo-Teguo
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Winstel
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Denis Dubourdieu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Axel Marchal
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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Cerulli A, Napolitano A, Masullo M, Hošek J, Pizza C, Piacente S. Chestnut shells (Italian cultivar “Marrone di Roccadaspide” PGI): Antioxidant activity and chemical investigation with in depth LC-HRMS/MSn rationalization of tannins. Food Res Int 2020; 129:108787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kozachok S, Pecio Ł, Orhan IE, Deniz FSS, Marchyshyn S, Oleszek W. Reinvestigation of Herniaria glabra L. saponins and their biological activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112162. [PMID: 31627115 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed triterpenoid pentacyclic glycosides, medicagenic acid (3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-3,4-O-diacetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[2-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[3-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid), zanhic acid (3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid), 29-hydroxy-medicagenic acid (3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β,29β-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid) and herniaric acid (28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-18-ene-23,28-dioic acid) were isolated from the whole plant extract of Herniaria glabra L. (Caryophyllaceae), wild growing in the Ukraine. In addition, five known triterpenoid saponins; i.e. herniariasaponins 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as by comparison with the literature data. Twelve herniariasaponins, the purified crude extract, and the saponin fraction were evaluated in vitro for their xanthine oxidase, collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Moreover, herniariasaponins 4, 5, and 7 were screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory potential. As a result, no or low inhibition towards the mentioned enzymes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiia Kozachok
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Svitlana Marchyshyn
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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C-glucosidic ellagitannins and galloylated glucoses as potential functional food ingredients with anti-diabetic properties: a study of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition. Food Chem 2019; 313:126099. [PMID: 31927321 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which can be counteracted by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, both involved in the carbohydrate metabolism. Fourteen C-glucosidic ellagitannins and three galloylated glucoses were studied as potential α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. Most of the compounds were found to be moderate inhibitors of α-amylase, but potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase, showing low-micromolar IC50 values, far lower than that of the antidiabetic drug acarbose. This selectivity can be an advantage for their possible application as functional food ingredients with anti-diabetic properties because strong α-amylase inhibition generally causes undesired side effects. The best inhibitors were selected for further studies. Intrinsic fluorescence measurements confirmed their high affinity towards α-glucosidase, highlighting a static quenching mechanism. Circular dichroism measurements and kinetics of inhibition indicated that the most active C-glucosidic ellagitannin roburin D (RobD) is a competitive inhibitor, whereas α-pentagalloylglucose (α-PGG) acts as a mixed-type inhibitor.
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Extraction, Enrichment, and Quantification of Main Antioxidant Aglycones of Flavonoids and Tannins from Melastoma Dodecandrum Lour.: Guided by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2793058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the main antioxidant aglycones of flavonoids and tannins in antioxidant extracts from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MD), based on its extraction and purification process optimization and component identification by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Firstly, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process for antioxidants was established by using single factor tests and response surface optimization. Evaluating by DPPH radical scavenging assay, the antioxidant capacity of MD could reach 2742.27 ± 93.86 (μmol Trolox/g) under the optimized conditions including methanol concentration (61%, v/v), extraction time (45 min), liquid-solid ratio (0.46 ml/mg), and extraction temperature (25°C). Then, the antioxidants in the solution were enriched by using macroporous resins. Because of the highest adsorption capacity and desorption ratio, HPD 500 was selected out of 14 macroporous resins for further study based on the static adsorption and desorption tests. The adsorption mechanism of the HPD 500 resin presented that pseudo-first-order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model could adequately explain the adsorption process. After the antioxidants were dynamically saturated by HPD 500, the column was eluted with different concentrations of ethanol (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, v/v). Among the above five ethanol fractions, 50% ethanol fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity and more than 95% antioxidants adsorbed in HPD500 could be eluted by 75% ethanol. Guided by analysis results of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, main antioxidant aglycones of flavonoids and tannins in each ethanol elution fraction were quantitatively detected. Finally, according to the correlation analysis between the antioxidant capacity of each ethanol elution fraction and its content of 10 main flavonoids and phenolic acids, the antioxidant activities of MD could mainly contribute to tannins containing phenolic units such as ellagic acid and/or gallic acid. The results of this work would provide useful information for the production of antioxidants from MD. Thus, the analysis methods could also be a quality control tool for material or products related with MD.
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Exploring and comparing two means of preparing and fractionating oligomeric proanthocyanidins from mangosteen pericarp: gel filtration chromatography and progressive solvent precipitation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5455-5464. [PMID: 31227847 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and fractionation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) are particularly important for the application of tannins in the biomedical field. By use of two different methods-gel filtration chromatography (GFC) with Sephadex LH-20 and progressive solvent precipitation-the OPCs were prepared and fractionated from mangosteen pericarp. The fractions were compared by reversed-phase and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. GFC directly purified oligomers (monomer to pentamer) with polydispersity values close to 1 and generated fractions with a higher level of total phenols (800.59 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram) but a lower yield (7.72%). Progressive solvent precipitation rapidly prepared and fractionated OPCs with a lower level of total phenols (609.57 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram) but a higher yield (24.74%) and higher polydispersity. Additionally, we found pronounced structural and quantitative differences among different tannin-rich fractions, and fractions obtained by GFC better reflected the structural diversity and complexity of OPCs from mangosteen pericarp. This study presents different ways of preparing and fractionating OPCs in the biomedical field.
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Degano I, Mattonai M, Sabatini F, Colombini MP. A Mass Spectrometric Study on Tannin Degradation within Dyed Woolen Yarns. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122318. [PMID: 31234558 PMCID: PMC6631721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural tannins from various plants have been used throughout human history in textile dyeing, often as mordant dyes. The ageing behavior of these dyes is a challenge in conservation science, requiring a thorough knowledge of the textile–mordant-dye system. In this work, we analyzed reference wool yarns dyed with natural tannins from oak gallnuts, walnut (Juglans regia), and catechu (Acacia catechu), after artificial ageing. To gain insights on the composition of the dyestuffs and on how they aged, an analytical procedure based on extraction with Na2EDTA/DMF (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/dimethylformamide) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry detection was used. Since conventional reversed-phase (RP) columns usually show poor retention efficiency of highly polar compounds such as tannins, an RP-amide embedded polar group stationary phase was used to achieve optimal retention of the most polar compounds. Tannins from oak gallnuts showed little degradation after ageing, while a significant increase in the content of hydroxybenzoic acids was observed for tannins from walnut and catechu. Finally, the analytical procedure was applied to characterize the tannin dyes in historical tapestries from the 15th to 16th century, and the results were discussed in comparison with the reference yarns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Degano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Mattonai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Perla Colombini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Dos Santos da Rocha P, de Araújo Boleti AP, do Carmo Vieira M, Carollo CA, da Silva DB, Estevinho LM, Dos Santos EL, de Picoli Souza K. Microbiological quality, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:36-46. [PMID: 30797984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, commonly known as Brazilian peppertree, is a plant species widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine for various purposes. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality, safety, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of different parts of S. terebinthifolius. Microbiological analysis of the methanolic extracts of the roots (MESR), stem bark (MESB) and leaves (MESL) of S. terebinthifolius showed no microbial growth. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometry. The phenolic compounds of the MESL were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and mass spectrometer (LC-DAD-MS). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS+), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), reducing power, β-carotene bleaching and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays in human erythrocytes. The antidiabetic properties of the extracts were demonstrated in vitro by their inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme and their anti-glycation activity via fructose and glyoxal. After showing no acute toxicity in vivo, MESL was able to lower postprandial glycemia after glucose overload in normoglycemic mice as well as the water and feed intake, liver weight, glycemia and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in diabetic mice. Overall, S. terebinthifolius extracts showed microbiological safety along with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, likely mediated by its chemical constituents, such as gallic acid, gallotannins and glycosylated flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dos Santos da Rocha
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan da Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Leticia Miranda Estevinho
- Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Agricultural College of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Edson Lucas Dos Santos
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Li F, Ma K, Liu Y, Zhou JJ, Gao X. Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 Gene CYP305A1 of the Cotton Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Its Responsive Cis-Elements to Plant Allelochemicals. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1365-1371. [PMID: 30768168 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play an important role in plant allelochemical detoxification. In this study, a full-length gene CYP305A1 of the P450 Clan 2 family was cloned from Aphis gossypii Glover, and its promoter was identified and characterized. The transcript level of CYP305A1 and its promoter activity were significantly induced by two plant allelochemicals, gossypol and 2-tridecanone. Furthermore, the 5'-end promoter region from -810 to +62 bp was demonstrated to be essential for basal transcriptional activity of CYP305A1, and the promoter region from -810 to -581 bp was shown as an essential plant allelochemical responsive element and had a cis-element 5'-CACACTA-3' as the binding site of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Interestingly, there was an identical overlapping region of 1,094 bp between CYP305A1 promoter and the venom protease gene. When the expression of CYP305A1 gene was knocked down by RNA interference with CYP305A1 dsRNA, the expression of the venom protease gene was decreased. However, the knockdown of the expression of the venom protease gene did not affect the CYP305A1 expression. These results provide important insights for understanding the functions of P450 genes and the regulatory mechanism of P450 gene expressions in the resistance of Aphis gossypii Glover to plant allelochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Assessment of the bioactive capacity of extracts from Leptocarpha rivularis stalks using ethanol-modified supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cardullo N, Catinella G, Floresta G, Muccilli V, Rosselli S, Rescifina A, Bruno M, Tringali C. Synthesis of Rosmarinic Acid Amides as Antioxidative and Hypoglycemic Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:573-582. [PMID: 30785286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important metabolic disorder for which there is an urgent need for new antidiabetic drugs. α-Glucosidase inhibition is an established protocol for T2DM therapy. Because hyperglycemia causes oxidative tissue damage, the development of agents with both α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity from natural or natural-derived polyphenols such derivatives of rosmarinic acid (RA) represents an attractive therapeutic option. We report a study on amides 1-10 derived from RA and their evaluation for yeast α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC tests). All amides showed higher inhibitory activity than that of RA, were by far more potent than the antidiabetic drug acarbose, and proved to be effective antioxidants. A molecular docking study displayed significant binding interactions of RA amides with the active site of α-glucosidase. This in silico optimization study led to the design and synthesis of amides 9 (IC50 = 42.3 μM) and 10 (IC50 = 35.2 μM), showing the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition and good antioxidative properties. A kinetic study showed that 10 acts as a mixed type inhibitor.
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Sun L, Miao M. Dietary polyphenols modulate starch digestion and glycaemic level: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:541-555. [PMID: 30799629 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1544883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, as one group of secondary metabolite, are widely distributed in plants and have been reported to show various bioactivities in recent year. Starch digestion not only is related with food industrial applications such as brewing but also plays an important role in postprandial blood glucose level, and therefore insulin resistance. Many studies have shown that dietary phenolic extracts and pure polyphenols can retard starch digestion in vitro, and the retarding effect depends on the phenolic composition and molecular structure. Besides, dietary polyphenols have also been reported to alleviate elevation of blood glucose level after meal, indicating the inhibition of starch digestion in vivo. This review aims to analyze how dietary polyphenols affect starch digestion both in vitro and in vivo. We can conclude that the retarded starch digestion in vitro by polyphenols results from inhibition of key digestive enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as from interactions between polyphenols and starch. The alleviation of postprandial hyperglycemia by polyphenols might be caused by both the inhibited starch digestion in vivo and the influenced glucose transport. Therefore, phenolic extracts or pure polyphenols may be alternatives for preventing and treating type II diabetes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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30
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Gammacurta M, Waffo-Teguo P, Winstel D, Cretin BN, Sindt L, Dubourdieu D, Marchal A. Triterpenoids from Quercus petraea: Identification in Wines and Spirits and Sensory Assessment. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:265-275. [PMID: 30689385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eight new triterpenoids (1-8), the known genin (9), and two known functionalized triterpenoids (10 and 11) were isolated from a Quercus petraea heartwood extract. The structures of the new compounds were unequivocally elucidated using HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR experiments. Sensory analyses were performed in a non-oaked wine on the pure compounds 1-11. Except compounds 1 and 11, all molecules exhibited a sweet taste at 5 mg/L that was particularly intense for compounds 3 and 9. Using LC-HRMS, compounds 1-11 were observed in an oak wood extract and in oaked red wine and cognac. They were also semiquantified in several samples of sessile ( Q. petraea) and pedunculate ( Q. robur) oak wood extract. All compounds were found in quantities significantly higher in sessile than in pedunculate oak wood. These results support the hypothesis of their contribution to the increase in sweetness during oak aging and show that they can be used as chemical markers to identify the species of oak used for cooperage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Gammacurta
- Univ. Bordeaux , Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Waffo-Teguo
- Univ. Bordeaux , Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
| | - Delphine Winstel
- Univ. Bordeaux , Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
| | - Blandine N Cretin
- Univ. Bordeaux , Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
| | - Lauriane Sindt
- Univ. Bordeaux , Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
| | - Denis Dubourdieu
- Univ. Bordeaux , Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
| | - Axel Marchal
- Univ. Bordeaux , Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
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A polyphenol-rich extract from an oenological oak-derived tannin influences in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2019; 129:82-89. [PMID: 30826721 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins have been demonstrated to have antioxidant and various health benefit properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an ethanol extract (TRE) of a commercial oenological tannin (Quercus robur toasted oak wood, Tan'Activ R®) on female gamete using an in vitro model of pig oocyte maturation (IVM) and examining nuclear maturation, cytoplasmic maturation, intracellular GSH and ROS levels and cumulus cell steroidogenesis. To this aim, during IVM performed in medium either supplemented (IVM A) or not supplemented (IVM B) with cysteine and β-mercaptoethanol, TRE was added at different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 μg/ml). The addition of TRE at all the concentration tested to either IVM A or IVM B, did not influence oocyte nuclear maturation. When IVM was performed in IVM A, no effect was induced on cytoplasmic maturation by TRE at the concentration of 1, 5 and 10 μg/ml, while TRE 20 μg/ml significantly reduced the penetration rate after IVF (p < 0.05) and the blastocyst rate after parthenogenetic activation (p < 0.01). Oocyte maturation in IVM B, compared to IVM A group, decreased GSH (p < 0.001) and increased ROS (p < 0.01) intracellular levels and in turn impaired oocyte cytoplasmic maturation reducing the ability to sustain male pronuclear formation after IVM (p < 0.001) and the developmental competence after parthenogenetic activation (p < 0.001). TRE supplementation to IVM B significantly reduced ROS production (5, 10, 20 μg/ml TRE) to levels similar to IVM A group, and increased GSH levels (10, 20 μg/ml TRE) compared to IVM B (p < 0.05) without reaching those of IVM A group. TRE supplementation to IVM B at the concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μg/ml significantly improved (p < 0.001) oocyte cytoplasmic maturation enhancing the ability to sustain male pronuclear formation without reaching, however, IVM A group levels. TRE addition at all the concentration tested to both IVM A and IVM B, did not induce any effect on E2 and P4 secretion by cumulus cells suggesting that the biological effect of the ethanol extract is not exerted thought a modulation of cumulus cell steroidogenesis. In conclusion, TRE, thanks to its antioxidant activity, was partially able to reduce the negative effect of the absence of cysteine and β-mercaptoethanol in IVM B, while TRE at high concentration in IVM A was detrimental for oocyte cytoplasmic maturation underlying the importance of maintaining a balanced redox environment during oocyte maturation.
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Tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of compounds isolated from Quercus coccifera bark: In vitro and in silico perspectives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:296-304. [PMID: 30738329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bark of Quercus coccifera is widely used in folk medicine. We tested tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of Q. coccifera bark extract and isolated compounds from it. The extract inhibited tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 75.13 ± 0.44 µg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, polydatin (6) showed potent tyrosinase inhibition compared to the positive control, kojic acid, with an IC50 value of 4.05 ± 0.30 µg/mL. The Q. coccifera extract also inhibited α-glucosidase significantly with an IC50 value of 3.26 ± 0.08 µg/mL. (-)-8-Chlorocatechin (5) was the most potent isolate, also more potent than the positive control, acarbose, with an IC50 value of 43.60 ± 0.67 µg/mL. According to the kinetic analysis, 6 was a noncompetitive and 5 was a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, and 5 was a noncompetitive α-glucosidase inhibitor. In the light of these findings, we performed in silico molecular docking studies for 5 and 6 with QM/MM optimizations to predict their tyrosinase inhibition mechanisms at molecular level and search for correlations with the in vitro results. We found that the ionized form of 5 (5i) showed higher affinity and more stable binding to tyrosinase catalytic site than its neutral form, while 6 bound to the predicted allosteric sites of the enzyme better than the catalytic site.
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Li F, Ma K, Chen X, Zhou JJ, Gao X. The regulation of three new members of the cytochrome P450 CYP6 family and their promoters in the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii by plant allelochemicals. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:152-159. [PMID: 29797492 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of P450 genes in insects can be induced by plant allelochemicals. To understand the induction mechanisms, we measured the expression profiles of three P450 genes and their promoter activities under the induction of plant allelochemicals. RESULTS The inducible expression of CYP6CY19 was the highest among three genes, followed by those of CYP6CY22 and CYP6DA1. The regions from -687 to +586 bp of CYP6DA1, from -666 to +140 bp of CYP6CY19 and from -530 to +218 bp of CYP6CY22 were essential for basal transcriptional activity. The cis-elements for plant allelochemicals induction were identified between -193 and +56 bp of CYP6DA1, between -157 and +140 bp of CYP6CY19 and between -108 and +218 bp of CYP6CY22. These promoter regions were found to contain a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor element binding site with a conservative sequence motif 5'-C/TAC/ANCA/CA-3'. All these four plant allelochemicals were able to induce the expression of these P450 genes. Tannic acid had a better inductive effect than other three plant allelochemicals. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the plant allelochemical responsive cis-elements. This provides further research targets aimed at understanding the regulatory mechanisms of P450 genes expression and their interactions with plant allelochemicals in insect pests. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Identification and inhibitory activities of ellagic acid- and kaempferol-derivatives from Mongolian oak cups against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and protein glycation linked to type II diabetes and its complications and their influence on HepG2 cells’ viability. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Giovando S, Tringali C. A mass spectrometry and 1H NMR study of hypoglycemic and antioxidant principles from a Castanea sativa tannin employed in oenology. Food Chem 2018; 268:585-593. [PMID: 30064801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ethanol extract of the commercial tannin Tan'Activ C, (from Castanea sativa wood), employed in oenology, was subjected to chromatography on XAD-16 affording fractions X1-X5, evaluated for total phenols content (GAE), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC), and hypoglycemic activity (α-glucosidase inhibition). Fraction X3 showed GAE, radical scavenging activity, and α-glucosidase inhibition higher than those of the Castanea sativa extract, and was subjected to chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 to obtain fractions S1-S7, analyzed by HPLC/ESI-MS/MS and 1H NMR to identify the main active constituents. In fractions with higher antioxidant activity, gallic acid (4), grandinin (5), valoneic acid dilactone (9), 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-glucose (14), 3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-glucose (15) and galloyl derivative of valoneic acid dilactone (21) were identified as the major constituents. The highest hypoglycemic activity was found in fractions S6 and especially S7; the major constituents of these fractions are valoneic acid dilactone (9), three tetragalloyl glucose isomers (16-18) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-glucose (23), previously reported as α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Samuele Giovando
- Centro Ricerche per la Chimica Fine Srl, Via Torre, 12080 San Michele Mondovì (CN), Italy.
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Functional significance and structure–activity relationship of food-derived α-glucosidase inhibitors. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Characterizations of the endogenous starch hydrolase inhibitors in acorns of Quercus fabri Hance. Food Chem 2018; 258:111-117. [PMID: 29655711 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The acorns of Quercus fabri Hance tree, or the mandarin duck fruits have been consumed by locals in the form of noodle, yet there is little scientific study. We found that they have much lower digestibility compared with that of rice flour. Solvent extraction using hexane, dichloromethane, and acetone-ethanol-water (AEW) mixture yielded three fractions but the starch hydrolase inhibitors were only found in the AEW fraction. Using assay-guided fractionation of the extracts, we were able to further separate the active compounds by using Sephadex LH-20 column and characterize the inhibitor chemical identities by LC-MS(n). The main active compounds are ellagitannins including pedunculagin, punicalagin, castalagin, and eucalbanin. Our results indicate that the acorns from Quercus fabri Hance have potential for preparation of low glycemic index foods due to the endogenous starch hydrolase inhibitors.
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Biological effects of polyphenol-rich extract and fractions from an oenological oak-derived tannin on in vitro swine sperm capacitation and fertilizing ability. Theriogenology 2018; 108:284-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Yue LM, Lee J, Zheng L, Park YD, Ye ZM, Yang JM. Computational prediction integrating the inhibition kinetics of gallotannin on α-glucosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:829-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Pérez AJ, Pecio Ł, Kowalczyk M, Kontek R, Gajek G, Stopinsek L, Mirt I, Oleszek W, Stochmal A. Triterpenoid Components from Oak Heartwood (Quercus robur) and Their Potential Health Benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4611-4623. [PMID: 28535679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For centuries oak wood (Quercus robur) has been used in aging of wines and spirits, which is based on pleasant flavors given to beverages by phenolics transferred to the liquid during the maturation process. Other metabolites, such as triterpenoids, can also be released. Searching for extractable triterpenoids in oak heartwood, 12 new, 1-12, and five known, 13-17, oleanane types were isolated and characterized. Their cytotoxicities were tested against cancer cells (PC3 and MCF-7) and lymphocytes. Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were the most affected by triterpenoids, with roburgenic acid, 4, being the most active compound (IC50 = 19.7 μM). Selectivity was observed for compounds 1-3, 8, 9, and 16, exhibiting an IC50 > 200 μM against lymphocytes, while active against cancer cells. A galloyl unit attached to the triterpenoid moiety was established as the key feature for such effect. These results highlight the occurrence of triterpenoids in oak heartwood and their relevance for chemoprevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Área Productos Químicos, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT) - Universidad de Concepción , Av. Cordillera No. 2634, Coronel 4191996, Concepción, Chile
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Banacha 12/16, 90 237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gajek
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Banacha 12/16, 90 237 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Ivan Mirt
- Tanin Sevnica d.d. , Hermanova 1, 8290 Sevnica, Slovenia
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Pulvirenti L, Muccilli V, Cardullo N, Spatafora C, Tringali C. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Dimeric Neolignans Inspired by Magnolol. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1648-1657. [PMID: 28497968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic synthesis of a small library of dimeric neolignans inspired by magnolol (1) is reported. The 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX)-mediated regioselective ortho-hydroxylation of magnolol is described, affording the bisphenols 6 and 7. Further magnolol analogues (12, 13, 15-17, 19-23) were obtained from eugenol (3), tyrosol (4), and homovanillic alcohol (5), through horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated oxidative coupling and regioselective ortho-hydroxylation or ortho-demethylation in the presence of IBX, followed by reductive treatment with Na2S2O4. A chemoselective protection/deprotection of the alcoholic group of 4 and 5 was carried out by lipase-mediated acetylation/deacetylation. The dimeric neolignans, together with 1 and honokiol (2), were evaluated as inhibitors of yeast α-glucosidase, in view of their possible utilization and optimization as antidiabetic drugs. The synthetic analogues of magnolol showed a strong inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range 0.15-4.1 μM, much lower than those of honokiol and the reference compounds quercetin and acarbose. In particular, a very potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 0.15 μM, was observed for 1,1'-dityrosol-8,8'-diacetate (15), and comparable inhibitory activities were also shown by bisphenols 6 (0.49 μM), 13 (0.50 μM), and 22 (0.86 μM). A kinetic study showed that 15 acts as a competitive inhibitor, with a Ki value of 0.86 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Pulvirenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Spatafora
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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