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Akter S, Addepalli R, Netzel M, Fletcher M, Sultanbawa Y, Osborne S. Impact of polyphenol-rich extracts of Terminalia ferdinandiana fruits and seeds on viability of human intestinal and liver cells in vitro. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 2:100024. [PMID: 35415635 PMCID: PMC8991618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) is a native Australian fruit consumed by Indigenous Australians for centuries. Commercial interest in T. ferdinandiana has increased in recent years due to its high vitamin C content, however, food safety assessments are lacking. To explore the safety of extracts prepared from T. ferdinandiana using different solvents, in vitro cell viability of undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12, and HepG2 cells was measured using the CyQUANT® NF Cell Proliferation Assay. Changes to cell viability produced IC50 values between 3650 and 14400 µg/mL for all extracts and cell lines tested with HepG2 cells impacted the most by T. ferdinandiana extracts, followed by HT29-MTX-E12 cells, and undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells. Different solvents also produced extracts with variable effects on cell viability that were dependent on tissue source, however, extracts from seedcoats appeared to impact cell viability less than fruit extracts. The IC50 values for ellagic acid, an abundant phytochemical in T. ferdinandiana, varied from 1190 to 2390 µg/mL across different cells and were significantly lower than extract IC50 values. Findings from this study will help to inform future safety studies, select which solvents to use when preparing T. ferdinandiana extracts, and decide whether fruit flesh should be separated from seeds during extract preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Akter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Rama Addepalli
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Michael Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Mary Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Simone Osborne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Tan ET, Ng JC, Al Jassim R, D'Arcy BR, Netzel G, Fletcher MT. Emerging food safety risk of hepatotoxic indospicine in feral Australian camel meat. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gerometta E, Grondin I, Smadja J, Frederich M, Gauvin-Bialecki A. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Indigofera. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112608. [PMID: 32004627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indigofera is the third-largest genus in the family of Fabaceae, with approximately 750 species. It is distributed across all tropical regions. Indigofera species are widely employed in traditional medicine all around the world, against many ailments. Thus, based on these medicinal properties, various investigations have been undertaken in order to appraise the pharmacological activities and the chemical composition of these species. A recent paper provides a summary of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Indigofera. Consequently, this review is a continuation of this previous study by updating some data and adding information about the phylogeny and traditional uses of the genus. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide an overview of the phylogeny, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of the genus Indigofera, and to identify the remaining gaps and thus supply a basis for further investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was performed by consulting scientific databases such as 'ScienceDirect', 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar' and 'SpringerLink' and using the keyword Indigofera. RESULTS Over 60 Indigofera species are reported in traditional medicine. The uses depend on the country and the species, but similarities have been noticed. Indeed, treatments of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory conditions and pain, skin ailments, and respiratory and infectious diseases are recurring. Phytochemical studies have led to the identification of more than 200 compounds, notably flavonoids and terpenoids. Many pharmacological activities have been demonstrated, particularly antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities, and thus allowed to assert most of the traditional uses of the genus. Some active compounds have been isolated and have shown remarkable therapeutic potential, like the alkaloid indirubin, which is currently being clinically trialed. CONCLUSIONS The data on the genus Indigofera are extensive, but gaps still remain. Indeed, some promising species have not been assessed for their phytochemistry and/or pharmacology and thus remain unexplored. Moreover, relatively few active compounds have been isolated and tested for their biological activity, and studies to explain their mechanism of action are nearly inexistent. Furthermore, some pharmacological studies have inappropriate methodologies that make the results difficult to interpret. Consequently, further in-depth and relevant research is required to supplement the knowledge on this wide-ranging genus and to confirm its reported therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gerometta
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Isabelle Grondin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Jacqueline Smadja
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Michel Frederich
- Université de Liège, Département de Pharmacie, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
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Shuvayeva GY, Bobak YP, Vovk OI, Kunz-Schughart LA, Fletcher MT, Stasyk OV. Indospicine combined with arginine deprivation triggers cancer cell death via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:518-527. [PMID: 32068315 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-deprivation therapy is a rapidly developing metabolic anticancer approach. To overcome the resistance of some cancer cells to this monotherapy, rationally designed combination modalities are needed. In this report, we evaluated for the first time indospicine, an arginine analogue of Indigofera plant genus origin, as potential enhancer compound for the metabolic therapy that utilizes recombinant human arginase I. We demonstrate that indospicine at low micromolar concentrations is selectively toxic for human colorectal cancer cells only in the absence of arginine. In arginine-deprived cancer cells indospicine deregulates some prosurvival pathways (PI3K-Akt and MAPK) and activates mammalian target of rapamycin, exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis, which is reversed by the exposure to translation inhibitors. Simultaneously, indospicine is not degraded by recombinant human arginase I and does not inhibit this arginine-degrading enzyme at its effective dose. The obtained results emphasize the potential of arginine structural analogues as efficient components for combinatorial metabolic targeting of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Y Shuvayeva
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav P Bobak
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olena I Vovk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden (NCT), Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, PO Box 156 Archerfield, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Oleh V Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
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Netzel G, Tan ETT, Yin M, Giles C, Yong KWL, Al Jassim R, Fletcher MT. Bioaccumulation and Distribution of Indospicine and Its Foregut Metabolites in Camels Fed Indigofera spicata. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030169. [PMID: 30893830 PMCID: PMC6468780 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments have demonstrated that camel foregut-fluid has the capacity to metabolize indospicine, a natural toxin which causes hepatotoxicosis, but such metabolism is in competition with absorption and outflow of indospicine from the different segments of the digestive system. Six young camels were fed Indigofera spicata (337 µg indospicine/kg BW/day) for 32 days, at which time three camels were euthanized. The remaining camels were monitored for a further 100 days after cessation of this indospicine diet. In a retrospective investigation, relative levels of indospicine foregut-metabolism products were examined by UHPLC-MS/MS in plasma, collected during both accumulation and depletion stages of this experiment. The metabolite 2-aminopimelamic acid could be detected at low levels in almost all plasma samples, whereas 2-aminopimelic acid could not be detected. In the euthanized camels, 2-aminopimelamic acid could be found in all tissues except muscle, whereas 2-aminopimelic acid was only found in the kidney, pancreas, and liver tissues. The clearance rate for these metabolites was considerably greater than for indospicine, which was still present in plasma of the remaining camels 100 days after cessation of Indigofera consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Eddie T T Tan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Alliance of Research and Innovation for Food (ARIF), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah Campus, Negeri Sembilan 72000, Malaysia.
| | - Mukan Yin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Cindy Giles
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Ken W L Yong
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Rafat Al Jassim
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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Sultan S, Giles C, Netzel G, Osborne SA, Netzel ME, Fletcher MT. Release of Indospicine from Contaminated Camel Meat following Cooking and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion: Implications for Human Consumption. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10090356. [PMID: 30177604 PMCID: PMC6162627 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Indospicine, a hepatotoxic arginine analog, occurs in leguminous plants of the Indigofera genus and accumulates in the tissues of grazing animals that consume these plants. Furthermore, indospicine has caused toxicity in dogs following consumption of indospicine-contaminated meat; however, the potential impact on human health is unknown. The present study was designed to determine the effect of simulated human gastrointestinal digestion on the release and degradation of indospicine from contaminated camel meat following microwave cooking. Results showed no significant (p > 0.05) indospicine degradation during cooking or in vitro digestion. However, approximately 70% indospicine was released from the meat matrix into the liquid digesta during the gastric phase (in the presence of pepsin) and increased to >90% in the intestinal phase (with pancreatic enzymes). Following human consumption of contaminated meat, this soluble and more bioaccessible fraction of intact indospicine could be readily available for absorption by the small intestine, potentially circulating indospicine throughout the human body to tissues where it could accumulate and cause detrimental toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Sultan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Cindy Giles
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Simone A Osborne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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