1
|
Escobedo A, Avalos-Flores L, Mojica L, Lugo-Cervantes E, Gschaedler A, Alcazar M. Native Mexican black bean purified anthocyanins fractionated by high-performance counter-current chromatography modulate inflammatory pathways. Food Chem 2024; 458:140216. [PMID: 38970958 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
In addition to their pigment properties, the potential health benefits of anthocyanins have made them a subject of interest in recent years. This study aimed to obtain purified anthocyanin fractions from native Mexican black bean cultivars using Amberlite XAD-7 resin column and HPCCC and evaluate their anti-inflammatory properties using RAW 264.7 cells. The major anthocyanins in the purified anthocyanin fractions were delphinidin 3-glucoside (61.8%), petunidin 3-glucoside (25.2%), and malvidin 3-glucoside (12.2%). Purified anthocyanin fractions at 12.5 μg/mL effectively prevented LPS-induced ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation and reduced the protein expression of COX-2 and mRNA expression of iNOS. Results showed that purified anthocyanin fractions have the potential to modulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the ERK1/ERK2 and NF-κB pathways. This study suggests that anthocyanins from black beans could be used as a natural strategy to help modulate inflammation-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Escobedo
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Camino Arenero #1227, Col. El Bajío, 45019 Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Lucero Avalos-Flores
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Camino Arenero #1227, Col. El Bajío, 45019 Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Camino Arenero #1227, Col. El Bajío, 45019 Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Camino Arenero #1227, Col. El Bajío, 45019 Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Anne Gschaedler
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Camino Arenero #1227, Col. El Bajío, 45019 Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Alcazar
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Camino Arenero #1227, Col. El Bajío, 45019 Zapopan, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Norouzi H, Dastan D, Abdullah FO, Al-Qaaneh AM. Recent advances in methods of extraction, pre-concentration, purification, identification, and quantification of kaempferol. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465297. [PMID: 39243588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
As a naturally widely-occurring dietary, cosmetic, and therapeutic flavonoid, kaempferol has gained much consideration for its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties in recent years. Although there have been performed a high number of studies associated with different aspects of kaempferol's analytical investigations, the lack of a comprehensive summary of the various methods and other plant sources that have been reported for this compound is being felt, especially for many biological applications. This study, aimed to provide a detailed compilation consisting of sources (plant species) and analytical information that was precisely related to the natural flavonoid (kaempferol). There is a trend in analytical research that supports the application of modern eco-friendly instruments and methods. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is the most general advanced method used widely today for the extraction of kaempferol. During recent years, there is an increasing tendency towards the identification of kaempferol by different methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fuad O Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.
| | - Ayman M Al-Qaaneh
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Al-Salt 19117 Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramírez-Esparza U, Agustín-Chávez MC, Ochoa-Reyes E, Alvarado-González SM, López-Martínez LX, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Martínez-Ávila GCG, Prado-Barragán LA, Buenrostro-Figueroa JJ. Recent Advances in the Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Corn By-Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1142. [PMID: 39334801 PMCID: PMC11428609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize comes in a variety of colors, including white, yellow, red, blue, and purple, which is due to the presence of phytochemicals such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phytosterols, and some hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. In Mexico, maize is primarily grown for human consumption; however, maize residues comprise 51-58% of the total maize plant weight (stalks, leaves, ears, and husks) and are mainly used as livestock feed. These residues contain numerous bioactive compounds that interest the industry for their potential health benefits in preventing or treating degenerative diseases. This review explores the current knowledge and highlights key aspects related to the extraction methods and different techniques for identifying the bioactive compounds found in maize by-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Ramírez-Esparza
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico; (U.R.-E.); (M.C.A.-C.); (E.O.-R.)
| | - María Cristina Agustín-Chávez
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico; (U.R.-E.); (M.C.A.-C.); (E.O.-R.)
| | - Emilio Ochoa-Reyes
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico; (U.R.-E.); (M.C.A.-C.); (E.O.-R.)
| | - Sandra M. Alvarado-González
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | | | - Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Group, Department of Food Research, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | | | - Lilia Arely Prado-Barragán
- Solid Fermentations Pilot Plant, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - José Juan Buenrostro-Figueroa
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Center in Food and Development, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico; (U.R.-E.); (M.C.A.-C.); (E.O.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Artilha-Mesquita CAF, Stafussa AP, dos Santos PDS, Santos ODO, da Costa SC, Madrona GS. Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Fruits of Jambolan ( Syzygium cumini (L.)) Using Alternative Solvents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2065. [PMID: 39124183 PMCID: PMC11314559 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the effectiveness of using alternative solvents to obtain jambolan extracts with a high content of bioactive compounds compared to conventional organic solvents, being the first study to evaluate the best ecological solvent alternative for Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. Five alternative solvents were used for extraction: water at 25 °C (W25), water at 50 °C (W50), water at 75 °C (W75), water with citric acid at 2.4% (CA2), and water with citric acid at 9.6% (CA9) in comparison with three conventional solvents: ethanol (EtOH), water with ethanol at 50% (WE), and water with methanol at 50% (WM). A protocol was then established for the extraction and concentration of samples obtained with these solvents. The highest content of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) in the extracts was obtained with the solvent W75 (1347.27 mg GAE/100 g), while in the concentrates it was the solvents EtOH (3823.03 mg GAE/100 g) and WM (4019.39 mg GAE/100 g). Total monomeric anthocyanins (TMAs) increased by 209.31% and 179.95% in extractions with CA2 and CA9, respectively, compared to pulp (35.57 mg eq c-3-g/100 g), demonstrating that they are the most efficient alternative solvents in this extraction. The levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity varied according to the solvents used. Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3,5-diglucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and malvidin 3-glucoside were identified in most of the samples by UPLC-MS/MS. This study suggests that a simple procedure using alternative solvents can be used as an environmentally friendly strategy to achieve efficient extraction of bioactive compounds in jambolan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Adriana Ferrari Artilha-Mesquita
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790—Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (C.A.F.A.-M.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Stafussa
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790—Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (C.A.F.A.-M.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Patrícia Daniele Silva dos Santos
- Chemistry Department, State Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790—Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.D.S.d.S.); (O.d.O.S.)
| | - Oscar de Oliveira Santos
- Chemistry Department, State Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790—Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.D.S.d.S.); (O.d.O.S.)
| | - Silvio Claudio da Costa
- Biochemistry Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo 5790—Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Grasiele Scaramal Madrona
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790—Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (C.A.F.A.-M.); (A.P.S.)
- Food Engineering Department, State Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790—Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuan T, Wang L, Chen L, Zhong J, Lin Y, Wang Y, Lin C, Fan H. Combinatorial preparation and structural characterization of anthocyanins and aglycones from Purple-heart Radish for evaluation of physicochemical stability and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Food Chem 2024; 446:138832. [PMID: 38412808 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient approach to preparation of different anthocyanins from Purple-heart Radish was developed by combining microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), macroporous resin purification (MRP) and ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis (UAAH) for evaluation of physicochemical stability and pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity. By optimization of MAE, MRP and UAAH processes, the anthocyanins reached the yield of 6.081 ± 0.106 mg/g, the purity of 78.54 ± 0.62 % (w/w) and the content of 76.29 ± 1.31 % (w/w), respectively. With high-resolution UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS, 15 anthocyanins were identified as pelargonins with diverse glucosides and confirmed by pelargonidin standard. By glycosylation, pelargonins exhibited higher stability in different pH, temperature, light, metal ions environments than that of pelargonidin. However, PL inhibitory assay, kinetic analysis and molecular docking demonstrated that pelargonidin had higher PL inhibitory activity than pelargonins even though with similar binding sites and a dose-effect relationship. The above results revealed that the effect of glycosylation and deglycosylation on PL inhibitory activity and physicochemical stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China national Analytical Center), Guangzhou, 510070, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China national Analytical Center), Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Linzhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinjian Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China national Analytical Center), Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Huajun Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Majumder J, Subrahmanyeswari T, Gantait S. Natural biosynthesis, pharmacological applications, and sustainable biotechnological production of ornamental plant-derived anthocyanin: beyond colorants and aesthetics. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:175. [PMID: 38855146 PMCID: PMC11153417 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Flowers have long been admired for their aesthetic qualities and have even found their way to be included in the human diet. Among the many chemical compounds found in flowers, anthocyanins stand out for their versatile applications in the food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins has been thoroughly studied in certain flower species, leading to the detection of key regulatory genes that can be controlled to enhance the production of anthocyanins via biotechnological methods. Nevertheless, the quantity and form of anthocyanins found in natural sources differ, both qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on the ornamental plant species. For this reason, research on in vitro plant cultures has been conducted for years in an attempt to comprehend how these essential substances are produced. Different biotechnological systems, like in vitro plant cell, organ, and tissue cultures, and transgenic approaches, have been employed to produce anthocyanins under controlled conditions. However, multiple factors influence the production of anthocyanins and create challenges during large-scale production. Metabolic engineering techniques have also been utilized for anthocyanin production in microorganisms and recombinant plants. Although these techniques are primarily tested at lab- and pilot-scale, limited studies have focused on scaling up the production. This review analyses the chemistry and biosynthesis of anthocyanin along with the factors that influence the biosynthetic pathway. Further emphasis has been given on strategies for conventional and non-conventional anthocyanin production along with their quantification, addressing the prevailing challenges, and exploring ways to ameliorate the production using the in vitro plant cell and tissue culture systems and metabolic engineering to open up new possibilities for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayoti Majumder
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Tsama Subrahmanyeswari
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yücetepe M, Tuğba Özaslan Z, Karakuş MŞ, Akalan M, Karaaslan A, Karaaslan M, Başyiğit B. Unveiling the multifaceted world of anthocyanins: Biosynthesis pathway, natural sources, extraction methods, copigmentation, encapsulation techniques, and future food applications. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114437. [PMID: 38763684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Numerous datasets regarding anthocyanins have been noted elsewhere. These previous studies emphasized that all processes must be carried out meticulously from the source used to obtain anthocyanins to their inclusion in relevant applications. However, today, full standardization has not yet been achieved for these processes. For this, presenting the latest developments regarding anthocyanins under one roof would be a useful approach to guide the scientific literature. The current review was designed to serve the stated points. In this context, their biosynthesis pathway was elaborated. Superior potential of fruits and certain by-products in obtaining anthocyanins was revealed compared to their other counterparts. Health-promoting benefits of anthocyanins were detailed. Also, the situation of innovative techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction, pulse electrical field extraction, and so on) in the anthocyanin extraction was explained. The stability issues, which is one of the most important problems limiting the use of anthocyanins in applications were discussed. The role of copigmentation and various encapsulation techniques in solving these stability problems was summarized. This critical review is a map that provides detailed information about the processes from obtaining anthocyanins, which stand out with their functional properties, to their incorporation into various systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Yücetepe
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tuğba Özaslan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şükrü Karakuş
- Harran University, Application and Research Center for Science and Technology, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Merve Akalan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Asliye Karaaslan
- Harran University, Vocational School, Food Processing Programme, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karaaslan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Bülent Başyiğit
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Lin S, Zhang J, Liu W. Ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction of anthocyanin from Vitis davidii Foex. pomace: Optimization, identification, antioxidant activity and stability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33066. [PMID: 38988524 PMCID: PMC11234101 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally friendly extraction method utilizing an ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent (UAE-NADES) was developed for the extraction of anthocyanins from Vitis davidii Foex. A screening process was conducted to evaluate seven different NADESs, resulting in the selection of a high-efficiency NADES (choline chloride-glycerol (ChGly)). To analyze the influence of significant factors and their interactive effects on the total anthocyanin content (TAC), response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. Furthermore, the conditions of extraction were optimized to attain the most productive yield of total anthocyanin content. The theoretical optimal conditions were determined to be a liquid‒solid ratio of 34.46 mL/g, an extraction temperature of 322.79 K and an ultrasonic power of 431.67 W, under which the verification TAC value (3.682 ± 0.051 mg/g) was highly consistent with the theoretical value (3.690 mg/g). Seventeen anthocyanins were identified by UPLC‒MS/MS. The contents of the main anthocyanins peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, malvidin-3-O-5-O-(6-O-coumaroyl)-diglucoside, and malvidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside in the ChGly extracts were significantly higher than those in the acid‒alcohol extract. Stability assays showed that the stability of anthocyanins in ChGly is higher than that in acidified alcohol at higher temperature, pH and stronger illumination. In vitro antioxidant results showed that the antioxidant capacities of the compounds extracted through the use of UAE-NADES were higher than those extracted using acidified alcohol. Additionally, the thermal behavior of anthocyanin extracts was further characterized through DSC analysis, highlighting the influence of ChGly or acidic ethanol. The results indicate that UAE-NADES exhibits a significant effect on the extraction of anthocyanins from plant byproducts, suggesting that its potential for use in the food sector is considerable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Zhang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Shuhua Lin
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Juhua Zhang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, 410125, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han L, Li R, Jin X, Li Y, Chen Q, He C, Wang M. Metabolomic analysis, extraction, purification and stability of the anthocyanins from colored potatoes. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101423. [PMID: 38764782 PMCID: PMC11101687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Colored potatoes have many health benefits because they are rich in anthocyanins. However, the constituent and property of anthocyanins in colored potatoes have not been systematically studied yet. Herein, metabolomic analysis was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of anthocyanins in the four different colored potatoes. After that, the extract and purification conditions, and the stability of the anthocyanins were further studied. The results indicated that the four colored potatoes contained abundant of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin were identified as the major anthocyanidins in purple potatoes, whereas red potatoes were mainly consisted of pelargonidin and its derivatives. 84.47 mg C3GE/100 g DW of anthocyanins was obtained at the optimal conditions, which could be effectively purified macroporous resin of D101. Moreover, the anthocyanins were sensitive to pH, temperature, light, redox agents, and divalent or trivalent metal ions, but stable to sugars and univalent metal ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiying Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yixin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Caian He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Altomare A, Baron G, Cambiaghi G, Ferrario G, Zoanni B, Della Vedova L, Fumagalli GM, D’Alessandro S, Parapini S, Vittorio S, Vistoli G, Riso P, Carini M, Delbue S, Aldini G. Screening of M pro Protease (SARS-CoV-2) Covalent Inhibitors from an Anthocyanin-Rich Blueberry Extract Using an HRMS-Based Analytical Platform. Molecules 2024; 29:2702. [PMID: 38893578 PMCID: PMC11173886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The viral main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 has been recently proposed as a key target to inhibit virus replication in the host. Therefore, molecules that can bind the catalytic site of Mpro could be considered as potential drug candidates in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Here we proposed the application of a state-of-the-art analytical platform which combines metabolomics and protein structure analysis to fish-out potential active compounds deriving from a natural matrix, i.e., a blueberry extract. METHODS The experiments focus on finding MS covalent inhibitors of Mpro that contain in their structure a catechol/pyrogallol moiety capable of binding to the nucleophilic amino acids of the enzyme's catalytic site. RESULTS Among the potential candidates identified, the delphinidin-3-glucoside showed the most promising results. Its antiviral activity has been confirmed in vitro on Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, showing a dose-dependent inhibitory effect almost comparable to the known Mpro inhibitor baicalin. The interaction of delphinidin-3-glucoside with the Mpro pocket observed was also evaluated by computational studies. CONCLUSIONS The HRMS analytical platform described proved to be effective in identifying compounds that covalently bind Mpro and are active in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication, such as delphinidin-3-glucoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulia Cambiaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulio Ferrario
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Beatrice Zoanni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Larissa Della Vedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Sarah D’Alessandro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (B.Z.); (L.D.V.); (S.V.); (G.V.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang X, Wang M, Lou Z, Han H, Yan N, Guan Q, Xu L. Selective and Controlled Release Responsive Nanoparticles with Adsorption-Pairing Synergy for Anthocyanin Extraction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2290-2301. [PMID: 38207222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins with different structures have different anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Precise structural use can improve the chemopreventive effects of anthocyanins and enhance treatment outcomes because the anthocyanin structure influences its functional sites and activities. However, owing to the available variety of anthocyanins and their complex structures, the low matching of intermolecular forces between existing adsorbents and anthocyanins limits the targeted separation of anthocyanin monomers. Short-range and efficient selective binding, which is difficult to achieve, is the current focus in the extraction field. We here developed self-assembled Fe3O4-based nano adsorbers with different surface modifications based on adsorption-pairing synergy. The electrostatic force, coordination bond, hydrogen bond, and π-π* bond together induced selective adsorption between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and anthocyanin molecules. An acid-release solution disrupted the polarity balance in the aforementioned association system, thereby promoting the controlled release of anthocyanins. Among the candidates, the effects of morphology, particle size, surface charge, and functional group on adsorption performance were analyzed. The polyacrylamide-modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were found to be favorable for selectively extracting anthocyanin, with an adsorption capacity of 19.74 ± 0.07 mg g-1. The release percentage of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside reached up to 98.6% ± 1.4%. This study offers a scientific basis for developing feasible nanotechniques to extract anthocyanins and plant active substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xizhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Protected Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Protected Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Lou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nina Yan
- Key Laboratory for Protected Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Protected Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Anthocyanin Production from Plant Cell and Organ Cultures In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 38202425 PMCID: PMC10780419 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in plants. They exist in various colors, including red, purple, and blue, and are utilized as natural colorants in the food and cosmetics industries. The pharmaceutical industry uses anthocyanins as therapeutic compounds because they have several medicinal qualities, including anti-obesity, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Anthocyanins are conventionally procured from colored fruits and vegetables and are utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, the composition and concentration of anthocyanins from natural sources vary quantitively and qualitatively; therefore, plant cell and organ cultures have been explored for many decades to understand the production of these valuable compounds. A great deal of research has been carried out on plant cell cultures using varied methods, such as the selection of suitable cell lines, medium optimization, optimization culture conditions, precursor feeding, and elicitation for the production of anthocyanin pigments. In addition, metabolic engineering technologies have been applied for the hyperaccumulation of these compounds in varied plants, including tobacco and arabidopsis. In this review, we describe various strategies applied in plant cell and organ cultures for the production of anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiang S, Li Y, Li Y, Pan W, Wang X, Lu Y, Liu S. Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with a lower risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States adult population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1265507. [PMID: 38024364 PMCID: PMC10657849 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1265507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are a class of plant chemicals known to have health-promoting properties, including six subclasses. Anthocyanin is one of the subclasses that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the relationship between flavonoid subclass intake and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis has not been verified in representative samples of the United States. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) in 2017-2018. The intake of flavonoid subclasses of the participants was obtained from two 24 h dietary recalls. The NAFLD and liver fibrosis were defined based on the international consensus criteria. The relationship between flavonoid subclass intake and NAFLD and liver fibrosis was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model corrected for multiple confounding factors. Subgroup analysis, trend tests, interaction tests and restricted cubic spline were carried out to further explore this relationship. In addition, we also explored the relationship between anthocyanin and liver serum biomarkers, dietary total energy intake and healthy eating index (HEI)-2015 scores. Results A total of 2,288 participants were included in the analysis. The intake of anthocyanin was significantly negatively associated with the risk of NAFLD, but not other flavonoid subclasses. A higher anthocyanin intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of NAFLD (quartile 4, OR 0.470, 95% CI 0.275-0.803). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the protective effect of dietary anthocyanin intake on NAFLD was more pronounced in participants of non-Hispanic whites, with hypertension and without diabetes (P for interaction <0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dietary total energy intake was significantly negatively correlated with dietary anthocyanin intake. We did not find any protective effect of flavonoid subclass intake on liver fibrosis. Conclusion Anthocyanin, but not other flavonoid subclasses, can significantly reduce the risk of NAFLD. The protective effect was more pronounced in non-Hispanic whites, participants without diabetes and those with hypertension. Our study provides new evidence that anthocyanin intake has a reverse significant association with the risk for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fragoso-Medina JA, López Vaquera SR, Domínguez-Uscanga A, Luna-Vital D, García N. Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1255518. [PMID: 38024376 PMCID: PMC10651755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1255518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are phytochemicals with numerous bioactivities, e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Health benefits from consuming ACN-rich foods, extracts, and supplements have been studied in clinical trials (CT). However, the individual effect of single ACNs and their correlation with doses and specific bioactivities or molecular targets have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review shows a recompilation of single anthocyanins composition and concentrations used in CT, conducted to investigate the effect of these anti-inflammatory derivatives in obese condition. Single anthocyanin doses with changes in the levels of frequently monitored markers were correlated. In addition, the analysis was complemented with reports of studies made in vitro with single ACNs. Anthocyanins' efficacy in diseases with high baseline obesity-related inflammation markers was evidenced. A poor correlation was found between most single anthocyanin doses and level changes of commonly monitored markers. Correlations between cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin derivatives and specific molecular targets were proposed. Our analysis showed that knowledge of specific compositions and anthocyanin concentrations determined in future studies would provide more information about mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Fragoso-Medina
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Selma Romina López Vaquera
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Preclinical Research Unit, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Wang P, Hou M, Zhu BT. Attenuation of amyloid-β-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by active components of anthocyanins in HT22 neuronal cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e301. [PMID: 37346934 PMCID: PMC10279944 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Amyloid-β (Aβ)-associated neurotoxicity is an important component of the neurodegenerative change in AD. Recent studies have revealed a beneficial effect of anthocyanins in improving learning and memory in AD animal models. Using cultured HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells as an in vitro model, we examined in this study the protective effect of ten pure components of anthocyanins against Aβ 42-induced cytotoxicity and also investigated the mechanism of their protective effects. We found that treatment of HT22 cells with the pure components of anthocyanins dose-dependently rescued Aβ 42-induced cytotoxicity, with slightly different potencies. Using petunidin as a representative compound, we found that it enhanced mitochondrial homeostasis and function in Aβ 42-treated HT22 cells. Mechanistically, petunidin facilitated β-catenin nuclear translocation and enhanced the interaction between β-catenin and TCF7, which subsequently upregulated mitochondrial homeostasis-related protein Mfn2, thereby promoting restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and function in Aβ 42-treated HT22 cells. Together, these results reveal that the pure components of anthocyanins have a strong protective effect in HT22 cells against Aβ 42-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating mitochondrial homeostasis and function in a β-catenin/TCF-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ming‐Jie Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Contreras J, Alcázar-Valle M, Lugo-Cervantes E, Luna-Vital DA, Mojica L. Mexican Native Black Bean Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts Modulate Biological Markers Associated with Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:874. [PMID: 37375821 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain and characterize anthocyanin-rich extracts (ARE) from native black beans and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The initial extract was obtained by supercritical fluids (RE) and purified using Amberlite® XAD-7 resin (PE). RE and PE were fractionated using countercurrent chromatography, and four fractions were obtained (REF1 and REF2 from RE, PEF1, and PEF2 from PE). ARE and fractions were characterized, and the biological potential was evaluated. ABTS IC50 values ranged from 7.9 to 139.2 (mg C3GE/L), DPPH IC50 ranged from 9.2 to 117.2 (mg C3GE/L), and NO IC50 ranged from 0.6 to143.8 (mg C3GE/L) (p < 0.05). COX-1 IC50 ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 (mg C3GE/L), COX-2 IC50 ranged from 0.01 to 0.7 (mg C3GE/L), and iNOS IC50 ranged from 0.9 to 5.6 (mg C3GE/L) (p < 0.05). The theoretical binding energy for phenolic compounds ranged from -8.45 to -1.4 kcal/mol for COX-1, from -8.5 to -1.8 kcal/mol for COX-2, and from -7.2 to -1.6 kcal/mol for iNOS. RE and REF2 presented the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Countercurrent chromatography effectively isolates and purifies bioactive compounds while maintaining their biological potential. Native black beans present an attractive phytochemical profile and could be used as ingredients in nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonhatan Contreras
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Alcázar-Valle
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin M, Sun C, Gao Q, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Wang S. Effect of five polyphenols on the stability of purple cabbage anthocyanins in simulated beverage systems containing L-ascorbic acid. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
18
|
Ahmed M, Bose I, Goksen G, Roy S. Himalayan Sources of Anthocyanins and Its Multifunctional Applications: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112203. [PMID: 37297448 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the colored water-soluble pigments, have increasingly drawn the attention of researchers for their novel applications. The sources of anthocyanin are highly diverse, and it can be easily extracted. The unique biodiversity of the Himalayan Mountain range is an excellent source of anthocyanin, but it is not completely explored. Numerous attempts have been made to study the phytochemical aspects of different Himalayan plants. The distinct flora of the Himalayas can serve as a potential source of anthocyanins for the food industry. In this context, this review is an overview of the phytochemical studies conducted on Himalayan plants for the estimation of anthocyanins. For that, many articles have been studied to conclude that plants (such as Berberis asiatica, Morus alba, Ficus palmata, Begonia xanthina, Begonia palmata, Fragaria nubicola, etc.) contain significant amounts of anthocyanin. The application of Himalayan anthocyanin in nutraceuticals, food colorants, and intelligent packaging films have also been briefly debated. This review creates a path for further research on Himalayan plants as a potential source of anthocyanins and their sustainable utilization in the food systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ipsheta Bose
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ruby-Figueroa R, Morelli R, Conidi C, Cassano A. Red Fruit Juice Concentration by Osmotic Distillation: Optimization of Operating Conditions by Response Surface Methodology. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050496. [PMID: 37233557 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic distillation (OD) was implemented at laboratory scale to concentrate a red fruit juice produced from a blend of blood orange, prickly pear, and pomegranate juice. The raw juice was clarified by microfiltration and then concentrated by using an OD plant equipped with a hollow fiber membrane contactor. The clarified juice was recirculated on the shell side of the membrane module, while calcium chloride dehydrate solutions, used as extraction brine, were recirculated on the lumen side in a counter-current mode. The influence of different process parameters, such as brine concentration (20, 40, and 60% w/w), juice flow rate (0.3, 2.0, and 3.7 L min-1), and brine flow rate (0.3, 2.0, and 3.7 L min-1) on the performance of the OD process in terms of evaporation flux and increase in juice concentration, was investigated according to the response surface methodology (RSM). From the regression analysis, the evaporation flux and juice concentration rate were expressed with quadratic equations of juice and brine flow rates, as well as the brine concentration. The desirability function approach was applied to analyse the regression model equations in order to maximize the evaporation flux and juice concentration rate. The optimal operating conditions were found to be 3.32 L min-1 brine flow rate, 3.32 L min-1 juice flow rate, and an initial brine concentration of 60% w/w. Under these conditions, the average evaporation flux and the increase in the soluble solid content of the juice resulted in 0.41 kg m-2 h-1 and 12.0 °Brix, respectively. Experimental data on evaporation flux and juice concentration, obtained in optimized operating conditions, resulted in good agreement with the predicted values of the regression model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Ruby-Figueroa
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - Rosanna Morelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Carmela Conidi
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Boateng ID, Kumar R, Daubert CR, Flint-Garcia S, Mustapha A, Kuehnel L, Agliata J, Li Q, Wan C, Somavat P. Sonoprocessing improves phenolics profile, antioxidant capacity, structure, and product qualities of purple corn pericarp extract. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106418. [PMID: 37094478 PMCID: PMC10149314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, purple corn pericarp (PCP) was converted to polyphenol-rich extract using two-pot ultrasound extraction technique. According to Plackett-Burman design (PBD), the significant extraction factors were ethanol concentration, extraction time, temperature, and ultrasonic amplitude that affected total anthocyanins (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and condensed tannins (CT). These parameters were further optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) method for response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM showed a linear curvature for TAC and a quadratic curvature for TPC and CT with a lack of fit > 0.05. Under the optimum conditions (ethanol (50%, v/v), time (21 min), temperature (28 °C), and ultrasonic amplitude (50%)), a maximum TAC, TPC, and CT of 34.99 g cyanidin/kg, 121.26 g GAE/kg, and 260.59 of EE/kg, respectively were obtained with a desirability value 0.952. Comparing UAE to microwave extraction (MAE), it was found that although UAE had a lower extraction yield, TAC, TPC, and CT, the UAE gave a higher individual anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic acid profile, and antioxidant activity. The UAE took 21 min, whereas MAE took 30 min for maximum extraction. Regarding product qualities, UAE extract was superior, with a lower total color change (ΔE) and a higher chromaticity. Structural characterization using SEM showed that MAE extract had severe creases and ruptures, whereas UAE extract had less noticeable alterations and was attested by an optical profilometer. This shows that ultrasound, might be used to extract phenolics from PCP as it requires lesser time and improves phenolics, structure, and product qualities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Duah Boateng
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Christopher R Daubert
- College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Sherry Flint-Garcia
- US Department of Agriculture, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Azlin Mustapha
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Lucas Kuehnel
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Joseph Agliata
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Qianwei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| | - Pavel Somavat
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gulati M, P.S KM, Reddy JP. Effect of Onion Peel Extract on Structural, Mechanical, Thermal, and Antioxidant Properties of Methylcellulose Films. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
22
|
Li R, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH. Quantification of Xanthone and Anthocyanin in Mangosteen Peel by UPLC-MS/MS and Preparation of Nanoemulsions for Studying Their Inhibition Effects on Liver Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043934. [PMID: 36835343 PMCID: PMC9965517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangosteen peel, a waste produced during mangosteen processing, has been reported to be rich in xanthone and anthocyanin, both of which possess vital biological activities such as anti-cancer properties. The objectives of this study were to analyze various xanthones and anthocyanins in mangosteen peel by UPLC-MS/MS for the subsequent preparation of both xanthone and anthocyanin nanoemulsions to study their inhibition effects on liver cancer cells HepG2. Results showed that methanol was the optimal solvent for the extraction of xanthones and anthocyanins, with a total amount of 68,543.39 and 2909.57 μg/g, respectively. A total of seven xanthones, including garcinone C (513.06 μg/g), garcinone D (469.82 μg/g), γ-mangostin (11,100.72 μg/g), 8-desoxygartanin (1490.61 μg/g), gartanin (2398.96 μg/g), α-mangostin (51,062.21 μg/g) and β-mangostin (1508.01 μg/g), as well as two anthocyanins including cyanidin-3-sophoroside (2889.95 μg/g) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (19.72 μg/g), were present in mangosteen peel. The xanthone nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing an appropriate portion of soybean oil, CITREM, Tween 80 and deionized water, while the anthocyanin nanoemulsion composed of soybean oil, ethanol, PEG400, lecithin, Tween 80, glycerol and deionized water was prepared as well. The mean particle size of the xanthone extract and nanoemulsion were, respectively, 22.1 and 14.0 nm as determined by DLS, while the zeta potential was -87.7 and -61.5 mV. Comparatively, xanthone nanoemulsion was more effective than xanthone extract in inhibiting the growth of HepG2 cells, with the IC50 being 5.78 μg/mL for the former and 6.23 μg/mL for the latter. However, the anthocyanin nanoemulsion failed to inhibit growth of HepG2 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the proportion of the sub-G1 phase followed a dose-dependent increase, while that of the G0/G1 phase showed a dose-dependent decline for both xanthone extracts and nanoemulsions, with the cell cycle being possibly arrested at the S phase. The proportion of late apoptosis cells also followed a dose-dependent rise for both xanthone extracts and nanoemulsions, with the latter resulting in a much higher proportion at the same dose. Similarly, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 followed a dose-dependent increase for both xanthone extracts and nanoemulsions, with the latter exhibiting a higher activity at the same dose. Collectively, xanthone nanoemulsion was more effective than xanthone extract in inhibiting the growth of HepG2 cells. Further research is needed to study the anti-tumor effect in vivo.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dadwal V, Joshi R, Gupta M. Comparative metabolomics of Himalayan crab apple (Malus baccata) with commercially utilized apple (Malus domestica) using UHPLC-QTOF-IMS coupled with multivariate analysis. Food Chem 2023; 402:134529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
24
|
Liu J, Wang Q, Weng L, Zou L, Jiang H, Qiu J, Fu J. Analysis of sucrose addition on the physicochemical properties of blueberry wine in the main fermentation. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1092696. [PMID: 36741998 PMCID: PMC9892837 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1092696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Harvested blueberries can be processed into wine to extend their shelf life and increase their commercial value. In order to produce fruit wine, external sugar is often added prior to fermentation to increase the final alcohol content to a target of 8-12% (v/v) to meet consumer expectations. Method we explore the effect of 8-14% (w/w) sucrose on the physicochemical properties of blueberry wine throughout the main fermentation process. We monitor changes of alcohol content, sugar, color, phenol, acidity, anthocyanin, and odor. Results and discussion We notice that sucrose affects the fermentation process and physicochemical composition of the final blueberry wine by fermentation rate, fermentation color and protection of functional substances protection. Additional sucrose extends the total time of fermentation, and increases wine acidity. The color of the wine is also affected, with added sugar darkening and yellowing the final product. Interestingly, the sucrose has a protective effect on anthocyanin levels, although total anthocyanin levels are still substantially reduced following fermentation. Finally, the additional sugar increases accumulation of volatile odor components, particularly alcohols and esters, as measured by an electronic nose. We conclude that an addition of 12% sucrose produces wine with superior physicochemical properties of alcohol, anthocyanin loss and odor relative to other conditions tested and recommend this approach to commercial manufacturers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Weng
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ligen Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafei Fu
- Department of Environmental Health and Food Science and Technology, Hangzhou Wanxiang Polytechnic, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Avula B, Katragunta K, Osman AG, Ali Z, John Adams S, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000-2022. Molecules 2023; 28:560. [PMID: 36677615 PMCID: PMC9865467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are reported to exhibit a wide variety of remedial qualities against many human disorders, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, amelioration of cardiovascular diseases, improvement of cognitive decline, and are touted to protect against neurodegenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are water soluble naturally occurring polyphenols containing sugar moiety and are found abundantly in colored fruits/berries. Various chromatographic (HPLC/HPTLC) and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) techniques as standalone or in hyphenated forms such as LC-MS/LC-NMR are routinely used to gauge the chemical composition and ensure the overall quality of anthocyanins in berries, fruits, and finished products. The major emphasis of the current review is to compile and disseminate various analytical methodologies on characterization, quantification, and chemical profiling of the whole array of anthocyanins in berries, and fruits within the last two decades. In addition, the factors affecting the stability of anthocyanins, including pH, light exposure, solvents, metal ions, and the presence of other substances, such as enzymes and proteins, were addressed. Several sources of anthocyanins, including berries and fruit with their botanical identity and respective yields of anthocyanins, were covered. In addition to chemical characterization, economically motivated adulteration of anthocyanin-rich fruits and berries due to increasing consumer demand will also be the subject of discussion. Finally, the health benefits and the medicinal utilities of anthocyanins were briefly discussed. A literature search was performed using electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Google Scholar, and the search was conducted covering the period from January 2000 to November 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed G. Osman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | | | | | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu H, Oliveira G, Lila MA. Protein-binding approaches for improving bioaccessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:333-354. [PMID: 36398759 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Color is an important characteristic of food. Over the last 15 years, more attention has been paid to natural colorants because of the rising demand for clean-label food products. Anthocyanins, which are a group of phytochemicals responsible for the purple, blue or red hues of many plants, offer a market advantage. In addition, anthocyanin-rich foods are associated with protection against cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, microbial-based disorders, neurological disorders, and vision ailments. However, the real health value of anthocyanins, whether as a natural colorant or a functional ingredient, is dependent on the ultimate bioaccessibility and bioavailability in the human body. Many animal and human clinical studies revealed that, after intake of anthocyanin-rich foods or anthocyanin extracts, only trace amounts (< 1% of ingested content) of anthocyanins or their predicted metabolites were detected in plasma after a standard blood draw, which was indicative of low bioavailability of anthocyanins. Protein binding to anthocyanins is a strategy that has recently been reported to enhance the ultimate bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of anthocyanins as compared to anthocyanins delivered without a protein carrier. Therefore, in this review, we address anthocyanin properties in food processing and digestion, anthocyanin-protein complexes used in food matrices, and changes in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins when bound into anthocyanin-protein complexes in foods. Finally, we summarize the challenges and prospects of this delivery system for anthocyanin pigments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Wu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Oliveira
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Optimization of Major Extraction Variables to Improve Recovery of Anthocyanins from Elderberry by Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderberry, which is well known for its richness in anthocyanin, is attracting attention in the bioindustry as a functional material with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study is to optimize extraction conditions to more effectively recover anthocyanins from elderberry. In a fundamental experiment to determine the suitable solvent, various GRAS reagents, such as acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and isopropyl alcohol, were used, and total phenol and anthocyanin contents were detected as 9.0 mg/g-biomass and 5.1 mg/g-biomass, respectively, only in the extraction using ethanol. Therefore, ethanol was selected as the extraction solvent, and an experimental design was performed to derive a response surface model with temperature, time, and EtOH concentration as the main variables. The optimal conditions for maximal anthocyanin recovery were determined to be 20.0 °C, 15.0 min, and 40.9% ethanol, and the total anthocyanin content was 21.0 mg/g-biomass. In addition, the total phenol and flavonoid contents were detected as 67.4 mg/g-biomass and 43.8 mg/g-biomass, respectively. The very simple and economical extraction conditions suggested in this study contributed to improving the utilization potential of anthocyanin, a useful antioxidant derived from elderberry.
Collapse
|
28
|
Interference of malvidin and its mono- and di-glucosides on the membrane — Combined in vitro and computational chemistry study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
29
|
Optimization of ethanol based extraction of phenolics from Ocimum sanctum flowers by response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Feng XS. Anthocyanins in Different Food Matrices: Recent Updates on Extraction, Purification and Analysis Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:1430-1461. [PMID: 36045567 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ANCs), a kind of natural pigments, are widely present in food substrates. Evidence has shown that ANCs can promote health in terms of anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation. However, the oxidative stability of ANCs limits accurate quantitation and analysis. Therefore, faster, more accurate, and highly sensitive extraction and determination methods are necessary for understanding the role of ANCs in medicine and food. This review presents an updated overview of pretreatment and detection techniques for ANCs in various food substrates since 2015. Liquid-liquid extraction and various green solvent extraction methods, such as accelerated solvents extraction, deep eutectic solvents extraction, ionic liquids extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, are commonly used pretreatment methods for extraction and purification of ANCs. Liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors (tandem mass spectrometry and UV detectors) and spectrophotometry methods are some of the determination methods for ANC. This study has updated, compared, and discussed different pretreatment and analysis methods. Moreover, the advanced methods and development prospects in this field are comprehensively summarized, which can provide references for further utilization of ANCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Samota MK, Sharma M, Kaur K, Sarita, Yadav DK, Pandey AK, Tak Y, Rawat M, Thakur J, Rani H. Onion anthocyanins: Extraction, stability, bioavailability, dietary effect, and health implications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917617. [PMID: 35967791 PMCID: PMC9363841 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are high-value compounds, and their use as functional foods and their natural colorant have potential health benefits. Anthocyanins seem to possess antioxidant properties, which help prevent neuronal diseases and thereby exhibit anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. They also show different therapeutic effects against various chronic diseases. Anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in onion. In recent years, although both conventional and improved methods have been used for extraction of anthocyanins, nowadays, improved methods are of great importance because of their higher yield and stability of anthocyanins. In this review, we compile anthocyanins and their derivatives found in onion and the factors affecting their stability. We also analyze different extraction techniques of anthocyanins. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability and subsequently potentiate its bioavailability or beneficial health effects. We present up-to-date information on bioavailability, dietary effects, and health implications of anthocyanins such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancerous, antiobesity, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing (HCP) Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology (CIPHET), Punjab, India
| | - Madhvi Sharma
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita
- College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS), Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Mycology and Microbiology, Tea Research Association-North Bengal Regional R & D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
| | - Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mandeep Rawat
- Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Julie Thakur
- Department of Botany, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang G, Yang X, Xu F, Wei D. Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Mechanism of Petal Coloration in Bauhinia variegata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939299. [PMID: 35903221 PMCID: PMC9315375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bauhinia variegata petals are colorful, rich in anthocyanins, and have ornamental, nutritional, and medicinal value. However, the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in B. variegata remains unclear. In this study, a combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome was performed in red and white B. variegata cultivars in the early, middle, and blooming stages. A total of 46 different anthocyanins were identified, of which 27 showed marked differences in accumulation between the two cultivars, and contribute to their different petal colors. Malvidin 3-O-galactoside, peonidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside were much more abundant in the second stage of flowering. In the blooming stage, except for the anthocyanins mentioned, delphinidin 3-O-galactoside and petunidin 3-O-galactoside were the most abundant anthocyanins in the red flowers, indicating that malvidin, peonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, and petunidin were all responsible for the red color of petals in B. variegata. RNA sequencing identified 2,431 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 26 were involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Correlations between the anthocyanin biosynthesis-related DEGs and anthocyanin contents were explored, and the DEGs involved in anthocyanin accumulation in B. variegata petals were identified. Eighteen of these DEGs encoded key catalytic enzymes, such as anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and flavonoid-3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H), and 17 of them encoded transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 14 families (including MYB, NAC, SPL, ERF, and CHR28). These results improve our understanding of the roles of anthocyanins, catalytic enzymes, and TFs in B. variegata petal-color expression.
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang L, Hsu S, Meng Y, Chen S. Quantification of anthocyanins in blueberries (
Vaccinium
spp.) by modified
QuEChERS
and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lun‐Chi Yang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Hsin Hsu
- Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University (HSNU) Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yun‐Yu Meng
- Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University (HSNU) Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sung‐Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Multivariate Analysis as Tool for Optimization of Anthocyanins Extraction from Jambolan (Syzygium cumini L.). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
35
|
Cai J, Lv L, Zeng X, Zhang F, Chen Y, Tian W, Li J, Li X, Li Y. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Metabolism in the Zikui Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis cv. Zikui). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4780. [PMID: 35563169 PMCID: PMC9103729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed an association analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism in a new purple-leaf tea cultivar Zikui (Camellia sinensis cv. Zikui) (ZK). Three glycosylated anthocyanins were identified, including petunidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and their contents were the highest in ZK leaves at 15 days. This is the first report on petunidin 3-O-glucoside in purple-leaf tea. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome identified eleven dependent transcription factors, among which CsMYB90 had strong correlations with petunidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (PCC > 0.8). Furthermore, we also identified key correlated structural genes, including two positively correlated F3’H (flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase) genes, two positively correlated ANS (anthocyanin synthase) genes, and three negatively correlated PPO (polyphenol oxidase) genes. Overexpression of CsMYB90 in tobacco resulted in dark-purple transgenic calluses. These results showed that the increased accumulation of three anthocyanins in ZK may promote purple-leaf coloration because of changes in the expression levels of genes, including CsMYB90, F3’Hs, ANSs, and PPOs. These findings reveal new insight into the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-leaf tea plants and provide a series of candidate genes for the breeding of anthocyanin-rich cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Litang Lv
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Yulu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Weili Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianrong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen Y, Belwal T, Xu Y, Ma Q, Li D, Li L, Xiao H, Luo Z. Updated insights into anthocyanin stability behavior from bases to cases: Why and why not anthocyanins lose during food processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8639-8671. [PMID: 35435782 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2063250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have received considerable attention for the development of food products with attractive colors and potential health benefits. However, anthocyanin applications have been hindered by stability issues, especially in the context of complex food matrices and diverse processing methods. From the natural microenvironment of plants to complex processed food matrices and formulations, there may happen comprehensive changes to anthocyanins, leading to unpredictable stability behavior under various processing conditions. In particular, anthocyanin hydration, degradation, and oxidation during thermal operations in the presence of oxygen represent major challenges. First, this review aims to summarize our current understanding of key anthocyanin stability issues focusing on the chemical properties and their consequences in complex food systems. The subsequent efforts to examine plenty of cases attempt to unravel a universal pattern and provide thorough guidance for future food practice regarding anthocyanins. Additionally, we put forward a model with highlights on the role of the balance between anthocyanin release and degradation in stability evaluations. Our goal is to engender updated insights into anthocyanin stability behavior under food processing conditions and provide a robust foundation for the development of anthocyanin stabilization strategies, expecting to promote more and deeper progress in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Ma
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, The United States
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xie Y, Ma M, Zhang C, Yang Y, Shumin S, Ma W, Li Q. Experimental and theoretical research on the effect of coupling heat and pH on the structure and antioxidant activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from black soybean coat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1842-1850. [PMID: 34460956 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since anthocyanin has good coloration and antioxidant properties, many studies have focused on exploring the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin. The objective of this work was to study effects of pH and temperature on the bioactivity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) were used to explain the mechanism of structural transformation of C3G affecting their bioactivity at the molecular level. RESULTS During the heating process at pH 2.2 to 7.0,the flavylium cation content of C3G decreased from 92.71% to 51.64% and the chalcone content increased from 7.29% to 30.61%. The quinoidal base and first discovery of the degradation product of the C3G, 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-(3, 4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-ethanone, were only detected in heated samples at pH 7.0. DFT revealed the antioxidant mechanism was mediated by sequential proton loss electron transfer and the antioxidant activity of C3G in pH 5.0 and 7.0 environments was higher than that in the pH 2.2 environment. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the thermal degradation products of C3G included catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzaldehyde and 1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-ethanone. C3G had higher antioxidant activity in weakly acidic to near-neutral environments and the reactive sites were most likely at the 4'-OH and 5-OH sites. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sun Shumin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Urbonaviciene D, Bobinaite R, Viskelis P, Bobinas C, Petruskevicius A, Klavins L, Viskelis J. Geographic Variability of Biologically Active Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Physico-Chemical Properties in Wild Bilberries ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030588. [PMID: 35326238 PMCID: PMC8945452 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the variation in biologically active compounds, antioxidant activity and physico-chemical properties in naturally grown bilberries gathered from different sites in Northern Europe. The variability in the biologically active compounds, antioxidant capacity and physico-chemical properties, as well as the development of tools for the authenticity and quality control of wild bilberries (V. myrtillus L.) in different geographical locations was evaluated. The berries of bilberries were handpicked during the summers of 2019 and 2020 during the time periods when they are typically harvested for commercial purposes in Northern Europe (Norway (NOR), Finland (FIN), Latvia (LVA) and Lithuania (LTU)). Berries from locations in NOR were distinguished by their higher mean TPC (791 mg/100 g FW, average), whereas the mean TPC of samples from the most southern country, LTU, was the lowest (587 mg/100 g FW). The TPC of bilberries ranged from 452 to 902 mg/100 g FW. The TAC values of investigated bilberry samples varied from 233 to 476 mg/100 g FW. A high positive correlation was found between TPC and antioxidant activity of the bilberry samples (R = 0.88 and 0.91 (FRAP and ABTS assays, respectively)), whereas the correlation between TAC and antioxidant activity was lower (R = 0.65 and 0.60). There were variations in the TPC and TAC values of investigated berries, suggesting that genotype also affects the TPC and TAC in berries. In 2020, the pH values and TSS contents of berries were significantly lower than in 2019. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive reported evaluation of the biologically active compounds in wild bilberries from different Northern European countries using one laboratory-validated method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Urbonaviciene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (R.B.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-683-08157
| | - Ramune Bobinaite
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (R.B.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (R.B.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Ceslovas Bobinas
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (R.B.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Aistis Petruskevicius
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (R.B.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Linards Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, 1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (R.B.); (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (J.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nano-biocomposite based color sensors: Investigation of structure, function, and applications in intelligent food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
40
|
Grape Pomace Valorization by Extraction of Phenolic Polymeric Pigments: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing concern about environmental pollution linked to the generation of agroindustrial waste. The wine industry generates approximately 8.49 million tons of grape pomace per year worldwide; this residue can be used to obtain compounds with biological activity. Grape pomace is a source of anthocyanins, pigments that have antioxidant properties and help prevent cardiovascular disease. The development of sustainable extraction, purification and identification techniques constitutes an important step in adding value to this waste. Therefore, the present research has focused on presenting a review of works carried out in the last years.
Collapse
|
41
|
Mohammed HA, Khan RA. Anthocyanins: Traditional Uses, Structural and Functional Variations, Approaches to Increase Yields and Products' Quality, Hepatoprotection, Liver Longevity, and Commercial Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2149. [PMID: 35216263 PMCID: PMC8875224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble, colored compounds of the flavonoid class, abundantly found in the fruits, leaves, roots, and other parts of the plants. The fruit berries are prime sources and exhibit different colors. The anthocyanins utility as traditional medicament for liver protection and cure, and importance as strongest plants-based anti-oxidants have conferred these plants products different biological activities. These activities include anti-inflammation, liver protective, analgesic, and anti-cancers, which have provided the anthocyanins an immense commercial value, and has impelled their chemistry, biological activity, isolation, and quality investigations as prime focus. Methods in extraction and production of anthocyanin-based products have assumed vital economic importance. Different extraction techniques in aquatic solvents mixtures, eutectic solvents, and other chemically reactive extractions including low acid concentrations-based extractions have been developed. The prophylactic and curative therapy roles of the anthocyanins, together with no reported toxicity has offered much-needed impetus and economic benefits to these classes of compounds which are commercially available. Information retrieval from various search engines, including the PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, Scopus®, and Google Scholar®, were used in the review preparation. This imparted an outlook on the anthocyanins occurrence, roles in plants, isolation-extraction, structures, biosynthetic as well as semi- and total-synthetic pathways, product quality and yields enhancements, including uses as part of traditional medicines, and uses in liver disorders, prophylactic and therapeutic applications in liver protection and longevity, liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The review also highlights the integrated approach to yields maximizations to meet the regular demands of the anthocyanins products, also as part of the extract-rich preparations together with a listing of marketed products available for human consumption as nutraceuticals/food supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shen H, Han J, Liu C, Cao F, Huang Y. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Radioprotective Effect on the Testes and Intestines Through Antioxidant Effects and Inhibition of MAPK Signal Pathways. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:836528. [PMID: 35141259 PMCID: PMC8818786 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.836528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The testes and intestines are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Low-dose radiation can cause infertility and enteritis. However, there is a lack of safe and efficient radioprotective agents. This study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on testicular and intestinal damage induced by ionizing radiation. In vitro, GSPs reduced the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of mouse testicular stromal cells TM3 and human small intestinal crypt epithelial cells HIEC induced by ionizing radiation, and alleviated DNA double-strand breaks. In vivo, GSPs ameliorated the pathological damage of the testes and intestines induced by ionizing radiation, and protected the endocrine function of the testes and the barrier function of the intestines. In addition, we preliminarily proved that the radioprotective effect of GSPs is related to its antioxidant effect and inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways. Our results indicate that GSPs are expected to be a safe and effective radioprotective drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nunes AN, Borges A, Matias AA, Bronze MR, Oliveira J. Alternative Extraction and Downstream Purification Processes for Anthocyanins. Molecules 2022; 27:368. [PMID: 35056685 PMCID: PMC8779312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments displaying different attractive colors ranging from red, violet, to blue. These pigments present health benefits that increased their use in food, nutraceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. However, anthocyanins are mainly extracted through conventional methods that are time-consuming and involve the use of organic solvents. Moreover, the chemical diversity of the obtained complex extracts make the downstream purification step challenging. Therefore, the growing demand of these high-value pigments has stimulated the interest in designing new, safe, cost-effective, and tunable strategies for their extraction and purification. The current review focuses on the potential application of compressed fluid-based (such as subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction) and deep eutectic solvents-based extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins. In addition, an updated review of the application of counter-current chromatography for anthocyanins purification is provided as a faster and cost-effective alternative to preparative-scale HPLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana N. Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Borges
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde—REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana A. Matias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- iMed.Ulisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde—REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chandra Singh M, Probst Y, Price WE, Kelso C. Relative comparisons of extraction methods and solvent composition for Australian blueberry anthocyanins. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
45
|
Andrade TA, Hamerski F, López Fetzer DE, Roda-Serrat MC, Corazza ML, Norddahl B, Errico M. Ultrasound-assisted pressurized liquid extraction of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa pomace. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
46
|
Seke F, Manhivi VE, Shoko T, Slabbert RM, Sultanbawa Y, Sivakumar D. Extraction optimisation, hydrolysis, antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in Natal plum fruit (Carissa Macrocarpa). FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
47
|
Ding W, Liu H, Qin Z, Liu M, Zheng M, Cai D, Liu J. Dietary Antioxidant Anthocyanins Mitigate Type II Diabetes through Improving the Disorder of Glycometabolism and Insulin Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13350-13363. [PMID: 34730960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the pathological reasons for type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is important to prevent the body from developing T2DM by improving IR and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble pigments and are widely distributed in natural products. This article summarizes research on the bioavailability and metabolism of ACNs. Moreover, we further elaborate on how ACNs reduce IR and hyperglycemia during the development of T2DM based on studies over the past 20 years. Many studies have demonstrated that ACNs are small molecules that target the pancreatic, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues, preventing IR and hyperglycemia. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we envision whether the molecular mechanism of reducing T2DM by ACNs could be more deeply investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Ziqi Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Meihong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Dan Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Modifiers based on natural deep eutectic mixtures to enhance anthocyanins isolation from grape pomace by pressurized hot water extraction. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
49
|
Álvarez A, Terreros S, Cocero MJ, Mato RB. Microwave Pretreatment for the Extraction of Anthocyanins from Saffron Flowers: Assessment of Product Quality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071054. [PMID: 34210009 PMCID: PMC8300621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of saffron flowers as a source of polyphenols, and in particular anthocyanins, for the extraction of bioactive compounds and the production of a cyanic colorant was analyzed. A microwave pretreatment, prior to the conventional solid–liquid extraction process, was proposed as a feasible intensification step. The effectiveness of microwave pretreatment was assessed in terms of increased yield and improved quality of the final product. The operational variables studied were the pretreatment temperature (60–120 °C) and the solid–liquid ratio (0.30–0.50 g/mL). It was found that the addition of the microwave pretreatment to the conventional process allowed one to reduce extraction time by up to 12 times and to greatly improve the characteristics of the final product, using microwave energy densities as low as 0.16–0.54 kJ/mL. The extract quality was evaluated in terms of polyphenol richness (25% increase), product composition (80% of the anthocyanins was delphinidin), antioxidant capacity (boosted by the pretreatment) and color (variations in red and blue hue depending on conditions). To conclude, a microwave pretreatment in which the material is heated to a temperature of 65 °C with a solvent ratio of 0.30 g/mL was selected as the optimum to maximize process efficiency and product quality.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ghareaghajlou N, Hallaj-Nezhadi S, Ghasempour Z. Red cabbage anthocyanins: Stability, extraction, biological activities and applications in food systems. Food Chem 2021; 365:130482. [PMID: 34243124 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Red cabbage anthocyanins are of great interest as natural food colorants in the food industry; as they represent the color over a broad range of pH-values compared to anthocyanins from other natural sources. It is important to select an appropriate technique with high recovery of anthocyanins from red cabbage, among which extraction with organic solvents is the most applied extraction method. Currently, novel extraction techniques are employed as an alternative to the solvent extraction method, providing advantages such as higher anthocyanin recovery in a shorter time, lower solvent utilization, and minimum quality degradation. However, the incorporation of extracted anthocyanins into foodstuffs and pharmacological products is limited due to their low bioavailability and relative instability toward environmental adverse conditions, such as pH, temperature, enzymes, light, oxygen and ascorbic acid. In addition to increased structural stability of anthocyanins through glycosylation and acylation, their stability could be improved by copigmentation and encapsulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Ghareaghajlou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi
- Drug Applied Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasempour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|