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Qin L, Liu G, Huang J, Zeng Z, Zeng Y, Qing T, Zhang P, Feng B. Comparison of the toxic effects of polystyrene and sulfonated polystyrene on wheat under cadmium stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134844. [PMID: 38852252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
With advances in plastic resource utilization technologies, polystyrene (PS) and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) microplastics continue to be produced and retained in environmental media, potentially posing greater environmental risks. These plastics, due to their different physicochemical properties, may have different environmental impacts when compounded with other pollutants. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined toxic effects of PS and SPS on wheat using cadmium (Cd) as a background contaminant. The results demonstrated that Cd significantly impeded the normal growth of wheat by disrupting root development. Both PS and SPS exhibited hormesis at low concentrations and promoted wheat growth. Under combined toxicity, PS reduced oxidative stress and promoted the uptake of essential metal elements in wheat. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that PS facilitated the repair of Cd-induced blockage of the TCA cycle and glutathione metabolism. However, high concentrations of SPS in combined toxicity not only enhanced oxidative stress and interfered with the uptake of essential metal elements, but also exacerbated the blocked TCA cycle and interfered with pyrimidine metabolism. These differences are related to the different stability (Zeta potential, Hydrodynamic particle size) of the two microplastics in the aquatic environment and their ability to carry heavy metal ions, especially Cd. The results of this study provide important insights into understanding the effects of microplastics on crops in the context of Cd contamination and their environmental and food safety implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Qin
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Gonghao Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Jiaoyan Huang
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zihang Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Ya Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Taiping Qing
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Bo Feng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China; Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China.
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Truong TQ, Park YJ, Jeon JS, Choi J, Koo SY, Choi YB, Huynh PK, Moon J, Kim SM. Myrosinase isogenes in wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum) and their putative roles in glucosinolate metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:353. [PMID: 38693493 PMCID: PMC11061951 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wasabi, a Brassicaceae member, is well-known for its unique pungent and hot flavor which is produced from glucosinolate (GSL) degradation. Myrosinase (MYR) is a principle enzyme catalyzing the primary conversion of GSLs to GSL hydrolysis products (GHPs) which is responsible for plant defense system and food quality. Due to the limited information in relation to MYRs present in wasabi (Wasabia japonica M.), this study aimed to identify the MYR isogenes in W. japonica and analyze their roles in relation to GSL metabolism. RESULTS In results, WjMYRI-1 was abundantly expressed in all organs, whereas WjMYRI-2 showed only trace expression levels. WjMYRII was highly expressed in the aboveground tissues. Interestingly, WjMYRII expression was significantly upregulated by certain abiotic factors, such as methyl jasmonate (more than 40-fold in petioles and 15-fold in leaves) and salt (tenfold in leaves). Young leaves and roots contained 97.89 and 91.17 µmol‧g-1 of GSL, whereas less GSL was produced in mature leaves and petioles (38.36 and 44.79 µmol‧g-1, respectively). Similar pattern was observed in the accumulation of GHPs in various plant organs. Notably, despite the non-significant changes in GSL production, abiotic factors treated samples enhanced significantly GHP content. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that WjMYRI-1 expression significantly correlated with GSL accumulation and GHP formation, suggesting the primary role of WjMYRI-1-encoding putative protein in GSL degradation. In contrast, WjMYRII expression level showed no correlation with GSL or GHP content, suggesting another physiological role of WjMYRII in stress-induced response. CONCLUSIONS In conclusions, three potential isogenes (WjMYRI-1, WjMYRI-2, and WjMYRII) encoding for different MYR isoforms in W. japonica were identified. Our results provided new insights related to MYR and GSL metabolism which are important for the implications of wasabi in agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industry. Particularly, WjMYRI-1 may be primarily responsible for GSL degradation, whereas WjMYRII (clade II) may be involved in other regulatory pathways induced by abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Quyen Truong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Kim Huynh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
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Koo A, Ghate V, Zhou W. Direct seeding compromised the vitamin C content of baby vegetables and the glucosinolate content of mature vegetables in Asian leafy brassicas. Food Chem 2024; 437:137783. [PMID: 37948796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study hypothesised that direct seeding may compromise the nutritional quality of crops, as they may not release the nutrients that are triggered by the stress of transplantation. To that end, the effect of direct seeding on the nutrient content of bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), choy sum (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis) and mao bai (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was investigated at the baby- and commercially-mature stages. Direct seeding had distinct effects on each stage. Directly seeded baby vegetables had 39 to 51 % less ascorbic acid and 21 to 30 % less vitamin K than transplanted baby vegetables (p < 0.05). For mature crops, direct seeding decreased the total glucosinolate content by 12 to 40 % (p < 0.05). Thus, while direct seeding may profit vegetable producers, its impact on nutrient quality merits careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koo
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 5, #05-03, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Vinayak Ghate
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 5, #05-03, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Albert B, Dellero Y, Leport L, Aubert M, Bouchereau A, Le Cahérec F. Low Nitrogen Input Mitigates Quantitative but Not Qualitative Reconfiguration of Leaf Primary Metabolism in Brassica napus L. Subjected to Drought and Rehydration. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:969. [PMID: 38611498 PMCID: PMC11013775 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In the context of climate change and the reduction of mineral nitrogen (N) inputs applied to the field, winter oilseed rape (WOSR) will have to cope with low-N conditions combined with water limitation periods. Since these stresses can significantly reduce seed yield and seed quality, maintaining WOSR productivity under a wide range of growth conditions represents a major goal for crop improvement. N metabolism plays a pivotal role during the metabolic acclimation to drought in Brassica species by supporting the accumulation of osmoprotective compounds and the source-to-sink remobilization of nutrients. Thus, N deficiency could have detrimental effects on the acclimation of WOSR to drought. Here, we took advantage of a previously established experiment to evaluate the metabolic acclimation of WOSR during 14 days of drought, followed by 8 days of rehydration under high- or low-N fertilization regimes. For this purpose, we selected three leaf ranks exhibiting contrasted sink/source status to perform absolute quantification of plant central metabolites. Besides the well-described accumulation of proline, we observed contrasted accumulations of some "respiratory" amino acids (branched-chain amino acids, lysineand tyrosine) in response to drought under high- and low-N conditions. Drought also induced an increase in sucrose content in sink leaves combined with a decrease in source leaves. N deficiency strongly decreased the levels of major amino acids and subsequently the metabolic response to drought. The drought-rehydration sequence identified proline, phenylalanine, and tryptophan as valuable metabolic indicators of WOSR water status for sink leaves. The results were discussed with respect to the metabolic origin of sucrose and some amino acids in sink leaves and the impact of drought on source-to-sink remobilization processes depending on N nutrition status. Overall, this study identified major metabolic signatures reflecting a similar response of oilseed rape to drought under low- and high-N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Albert
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Younès Dellero
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- Metabolic Profiling and Metabolomic Platform (P2M2), MetaboHUB-Grand-Ouest, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Leport
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Mathieu Aubert
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- Metabolic Profiling and Metabolomic Platform (P2M2), MetaboHUB-Grand-Ouest, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Le Cahérec
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
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5
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Li R, Zhou Z, Zhao X, Li J. Application of Tryptophan and Methionine in Broccoli Seedlings Enhances Formation of Anticancer Compounds Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol and Promotes Growth. Foods 2024; 13:696. [PMID: 38472809 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Broccoli is a popular cruciferous vegetable that is well known for its abundant health-promoting biochemicals. The most important of these beneficial biochemicals are glucosinolates, including glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin. Glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin can be broken down by myrosinases into sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which have been demonstrated to have potent cancer-preventive properties. Efforts to increase glucoraphanin in broccoli seedlings have long been a focus; however, increasing glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin simultaneously, as well as enhancing myrosinase activity to release more sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, have yet to be investigated. This study aims to investigate the impact of the combined application of tryptophan and methionine on the accumulation of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, as well as their precursors. Furthermore, we also examined whether this application has any effects on seedling growth and the presence of other beneficial compounds. We found that the application of methionine and tryptophan not only increased the glucoraphanin content by 2.37 times and the glucobrassicin content by 3.01 times, but that it also caused a higher myrosinase activity, resulting in a1.99 times increase in sulforaphane and a 3.05 times increase in indole-3-carbinol. In addition, better plant growth and an increase in amino acids and flavonoids were observed in broccoli seedlings with this application. In conclusion, the simultaneous application of tryptophan and methionine to broccoli seedlings can effectively enhance their health-promoting value and growth. Our study provides a cost-effective and multi-benefit strategy for improving the health value and yield of broccoli seedlings, benefiting both consumers and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zihuan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Muthusamy M, Lee SI. Abiotic stress-induced secondary metabolite production in Brassica: opportunities and challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1323085. [PMID: 38239210 PMCID: PMC10794482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1323085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Over the decades, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to understand how secondary plant metabolites are affected by genetic, environmental, and agronomic factors. Understanding the genetic basis of stress-response metabolite biosynthesis is crucial for sustainable agriculture production amidst frequent occurrence of climatic anomalies. Although it is known that environmental factors influence phytochemical profiles and their content, studies of plant compounds in relation to stress mitigation are only emerging and largely hindered by phytochemical diversities and technical shortcomings in measurement techniques. Despite these challenges, considerable success has been achieved in profiling of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids. In this study, we aimed to understand the roles of glucosinolates, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids in relation to their abiotic stress response, with a focus on the developing of stress-resilient crops. The focal genus is the Brassica since it (i) possesses variety of specialized phytochemicals that are important for its plant defense against major abiotic stresses, and (ii) hosts many economically important crops that are sensitive to adverse growth conditions. We summarize that augmented levels of specialized metabolites in Brassica primarily function as stress mitigators against oxidative stress, which is a secondary stressor in many abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it is clear that functional characterization of stress-response metabolites or their genetic pathways describing biosynthesis is essential for developing stress-resilient Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Laftouhi A, Eloutassi N, Ech-Chihbi E, Rais Z, Taleb A, Assouguem A, Ullah R, Kara M, Fidan H, Beniken M, Taleb M. Impact of Climate Change on the Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha pulegium L. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46598-46607. [PMID: 38107916 PMCID: PMC10720290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A central position in Moroccan ethnobotany is held by the Mentha genus, serving as a vital reference for aromatic and medicinal plants within the Lamiaceae family. The profound importance of Mentha species in the daily lives of Moroccans is recognized, and the primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation on the primary and secondary metabolites of Mentha pulegium under the following climatic conditions: sample 1, cultivated under standard temperature and precipitation conditions during the first year; sample 2, subjected to an 8 °C temperature increase and a 25% reduction in water supply; and sample 3, exposed to a 12 °C temperature rise and a 50% decrease in water availability. Phytochemical screening results reveal a progressive decline in primary metabolites from sample 1 to sample 3 due to the increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation. Conversely, a distinct trend is observed in secondary metabolites and the yield of essential oil, increasing from sample 1 to sample 2 as the temperature rises and precipitation decreases. Remarkably, in sample 3, the yield of essential oil decreases as climatic conditions further deteriorate. Additionally, GC analysis demonstrates that modifications in the chemical compositions of essential oils occur because of the disruption of climatic parameters, particularly in the major compounds. Similarly, changes in climatic parameters significantly influence antioxidant activity, with sample 2 exhibiting the highest activity, as reflected by an IC50 value (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 14,874.04 μg/mL, followed by the third sample at 8488.43 μg/mL, whereas the first sample exhibits the lowest activity at 4505.02 μg/mL. In summary, the complex relationship between climatic factors and the chemical composition of Mentha pulegium is highlighted by our experiment, emphasizing its implications for medicinal properties within an ecological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouahid Laftouhi
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences
Fes, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Eloutassi
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences
Fes, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Elhachmia Ech-Chihbi
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences
Fes, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Zakia Rais
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences
Fes, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Abdslam Taleb
- Environmental
Process Engineering Laboratory- Faculty of Science and Technology
Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory
of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer street, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory
of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources
(LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz,
University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 1796 Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hafize Fidan
- University
of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Mustapha Beniken
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences
Fes, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Taleb
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences
Fes, Fes 30000, Morocco
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Lupitu A, Moisa C, Bortes F, Peteleu D, Dochia M, Chambre D, Ciutină V, Copolovici DM, Copolovici L. The Impact of Increased CO 2 and Drought Stress on the Secondary Metabolites of Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3098. [PMID: 37687345 PMCID: PMC10490549 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Elevated carbon dioxide and drought are significant stressors in light of climate change. This study explores the interplay between elevated atmospheric CO2, drought stress, and plant physiological responses. Two Brassica oleracea varieties (cauliflowers and cabbage) were utilized as model plants. Our findings indicate that elevated CO2 accelerates assimilation rate decline during drought. The integrity of photosynthetic components influenced electron transport, potentially due to drought-induced nitrate reductase activation changes. While CO2 positively influenced photosynthesis and water-use efficiency during drought, recovery saw decreased stomatal conductance in high-CO2-grown plants. Drought-induced monoterpene emissions varied, influenced by CO2 concentration and species-specific responses. Drought generally increased polyphenols, with an opposing effect under elevated CO2. Flavonoid concentrations fluctuated with drought and CO2 levels, while chlorophyll responses were complex, with high CO2 amplifying drought's effects on chlorophyll content. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of CO2-drought interactions and their intricate effects on plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucian Copolovici
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Elena Drăgoi Street., No. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania; (A.L.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (D.P.); (M.D.); (D.C.); (V.C.); (D.M.C.)
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9
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Ramzan T, Shahbaz M, Maqsood MF, Zulfiqar U, Saman RU, Lili N, Irshad M, Maqsood S, Haider A, Shahzad B, Gaafar ARZ, Haider FU. Phenylalanine supply alleviates the drought stress in mustard (Brassica campestris) by modulating plant growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107828. [PMID: 37329687 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mustard (Brassica campestris L.) is a major oilseed crop that plays a crucial role in agriculture. Nevertheless, a number of abiotic factors, drought in particular, significantly reduce its production. Phenylalanine (PA) is a significant and efficacious amino acid in alleviating the adverse impacts of abiotic stressors, such as drought. Thus, the current experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of PA application (0 and 100 mg/L) on brassica varieties i.e., Faisal (V1) and Rachna (V2) under drought stress (50% field capacity). Drought stress reduced the shoot length (18 and 17%), root length (12.1 and 12.3%), total chlorophyll contents (47 and 45%), and biological yield (21 and 26%) of both varieties (V1 and V2), respectively. Foliar application of PA helped overcome drought-induced losses and enhanced shoot length (20 and 21%), total chlorophyll contents (46 and 58%), and biological yield (19 and 22%), whereas reducing the oxidative activities of H2O2 (18 and 19%), MDA concentration (21 and 24%), and electrolyte leakage (19 and 21%) in both varieties (V1 and V2). Antioxidant activities, i.e., CAT, SOD, and POD, were further enhanced under PA treatment by 25, 11, and 14% in V1 and 31, 17, and 24% in V2. Overall findings suggest that exogenous PA treatment reduced the drought-induced oxidative damage and improved the yield, and ionic contents of mustard plants grown in pots. It should be emphasized, however, that studies examining the impacts of PA on open-field-grown brassica crops are still in their early stages, thus more work is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahrim Ramzan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Urooj Saman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nian Lili
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Maqsood
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Haider
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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10
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Dong Y, Gupta S, Wargent JJ, Putterill J, Macknight RC, Gechev TS, Mueller-Roeber B, Dijkwel PP. Comparative Transcriptomics of Multi-Stress Responses in Pachycladon cheesemanii and Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11323. [PMID: 37511083 PMCID: PMC10379395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment is seldom optimal for plant growth and changes in abiotic and biotic signals, including temperature, water availability, radiation and pests, induce plant responses to optimise survival. The New Zealand native plant species and close relative to Arabidopsis thaliana, Pachycladon cheesemanii, grows under environmental conditions that are unsustainable for many plant species. Here, we compare the responses of both species to different stressors (low temperature, salt and UV-B radiation) to help understand how P. cheesemanii can grow in such harsh environments. The stress transcriptomes were determined and comparative transcriptome and network analyses discovered similar and unique responses within species, and between the two plant species. A number of widely studied plant stress processes were highly conserved in A. thaliana and P. cheesemanii. However, in response to cold stress, Gene Ontology terms related to glycosinolate metabolism were only enriched in P. cheesemanii. Salt stress was associated with alteration of the cuticle and proline biosynthesis in A. thaliana and P. cheesemanii, respectively. Anthocyanin production may be a more important strategy to contribute to the UV-B radiation tolerance in P. cheesemanii. These results allowed us to define broad stress response pathways in A. thaliana and P. cheesemanii and suggested that regulation of glycosinolate, proline and anthocyanin metabolism are strategies that help mitigate environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Dong
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jason J Wargent
- School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard C Macknight
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Tsanko S Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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11
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Zhang R, Liu Y, Pan Q, Khan A, Bai X, Ali M, Yang W, Zhang L, Li B. The effects of short term blue light treatment on promoting nutrition value in Chinese cabbage. Food Chem 2023; 412:135542. [PMID: 36706505 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is a nutrients-rich vegetable with diverse leaf colors. Here, we used widely-targeted metabolomics technology to study the metabolic responses of three Chinese cabbage varieties with representative leaf colors after blue light treatment. The inner leaf color of orange varieties 20S530 and 15S1094 changed from yellow to golden yellow, while no visible color change occurred in the common variety 14S23 after the treatment. A total of 844 metabolites were measured from the leaf samples of these three varieties in a time course study after short term blue light treatment, with kaempferol-4'-O-glucoside, isoquercitrin, hyperin, arbutin, sulforaphane as enriched nutritional metabolites. Orange Chinese cabbage varieties showed additional nutrition enhancement after the treatment. This study is the first to explore the global metabolic responses of Chinese cabbage after blue light treatment, and our findings provided valuable insights on how to effectively use lighting conditions to enhance specific groups of nutrients in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Baohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Morphological and Physio-Chemical Responses to PEG-Induced Water Stress in Vanilla planifolia and V. pompona Hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054690. [PMID: 36902119 PMCID: PMC10003678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia is an orchid of cultural and economic value. However, its cultivation in many tropical countries is threatened by water stress. In contrast, V. pompona is a species that is tolerant of prolonged periods of drought. Due to the need for plants' resistant to water stress, the use of hybrids of these two species is considered. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physio-chemical responses of in vitro vanilla seedlings of the parental genotype V. planifolia, and the hybrids V. planifolia × V. pompona and V. pompona × V. planifolia, which were then exposed over five weeks to polyethylene glycol-induced water stress (-0.49 mPa). Stem and root length, relative growth rate, number of leaves and roots, stomatal conductance, specific leaf area, and leaf water content were determined. Metabolites potentially associated with the response to water stress were identified in leaves, through untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Both hybrids exhibited a smaller decrease in the morphophysiological responses compared to V. planifolia and exhibited an enrichment of metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids, purines, phenols, and organic acids. Hybrids of these two species are considered as a potential alternative to the traditional cultivation of vanilla to face drought in a global warming scenario.
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Netshimbupfe MH, Berner J, Van Der Kooy F, Oladimeji O, Gouws C. Influence of Drought and Heat Stress on Mineral Content, Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compound Accumulation in Four African Amaranthus Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:953. [PMID: 36840301 PMCID: PMC9966708 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stress is known to influence the accumulation of mineral content, antioxidant activity, phenolics, flavonoids and other bioactive compounds in many tolerant leafy vegetables. Amaranthus plants can tolerate adverse weather conditions, especially drought and heat. Therefore, evaluating the influence of drought and heat stress on commercially and medically important crop species like Amaranthus is important to grow the crop for optimal nutritional and medicinal properties. This study investigated the influence of drought and heat stress and a combination of both on the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant capacity of African Amaranthus caudatus, A. hypochondriacus, A. cruentus and A. spinosus. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were extracted with methanol and aqueous solvents and were quantified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Caffeic acid was the main phenolic compound identified in aqueous extracts of A. caudatus and A. hypochondriacus. Rutin was the most abundant flavonoid compound in all the Amaranthus species tested, with the highest concentration found in A. caudatus. The results suggest a strong positive, but species and compound-specific effect of drought and heat stress on bioactive compounds accumulation. We concluded that heat stress at 40 °C under well-watered conditions and combined drought and heat stress (at 30 °C and 35 °C) appeared to induce the accumulation of caffeic acid and rutin. Hence, cultivation of these species in semi-arid and arid areas is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Berner
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Frank Van Der Kooy
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Olakunle Oladimeji
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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14
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Nicolas-Espinosa J, Garcia-Ibañez P, Lopez-Zaplana A, Yepes-Molina L, Albaladejo-Marico L, Carvajal M. Confronting Secondary Metabolites with Water Uptake and Transport in Plants under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032826. [PMID: 36769147 PMCID: PMC9917477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites that play fundamental roles in plant resistance to abiotic stress. These compounds have been found to increase in stress situations related to plant adaptive capacity. This review assesses the functions of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates in plant interactions involving abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperature, metals toxicity, and mineral deficiency or excess. Furthermore, their relation with water uptake and transport mediated through aquaporins is reviewed. In this way, the increases of phenolic compounds and glucosinolate synthesis have been related to primary responses to abiotic stress and induction of resistance. Thus, their metabolic pathways, root exudation, and external application are related to internal cell and tissue movement, with a lack of information in this latter aspect.
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15
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Comparative profiling of polyphenols and antioxidants and analysis of antiglycation activities in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different moisture regimes. Food Chem 2023; 399:133946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Liu X, Li Y, Micallef SA. Developmentally related and drought-induced shifts in the kale metabolome limited Salmonella enterica association, providing novel insights to enhance food safety. Food Microbiol 2022; 108:104113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Rasheed A, Jie Y, Nawaz M, Jie H, Ma Y, Shah AN, Hassan MU, Gillani SFA, Batool M, Aslam MT, Naseem AR, Qari SH. Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.) Using Molecular Techniques. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911610. [PMID: 35845651 PMCID: PMC9280341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ramie is one of the most significant fiber crops and contributes to good quality fiber. Drought stress (DS) is one of the most devastating abiotic factors which is accountable for a substantial loss in crop growth and production and disturbing sustainable crop production. DS impairs growth, plant water relation, and nutrient uptake. Ramie has evolved a series of defense responses to cope with DS. There are numerous genes regulating the drought tolerance (DT) mechanism in ramie. The morphological and physiological mechanism of DT is well-studied; however, modified methods would be more effective. The use of novel genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is being used to edit the recessive genes in crops to modify their function. The transgenic approaches are used to develop several drought-tolerant varieties in ramie, and further identification of tolerant genes is needed for an effective breeding plan. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping, transcription factors (TFs) and speed breeding are highly studied techniques, and these would lead to the development of drought-resilient ramie cultivars. The use of hormones in enhancing crop growth and development under water scarcity circumstances is critical; however, using different concentrations and testing genotypes in changing environments would be helpful to sort the tolerant genotypes. Since plants use various ways to counter DS, investigating mechanisms of DT in plants will lead to improved DT in ramie. This critical review summarized the recent advancements on DT in ramie using novel molecular techniques. This information would help ramie breeders to conduct research studies and develop drought tolerant ramie cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Rasheed
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yucheng Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hongdong Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushen Ma
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Ahmad Raza Naseem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Comparative Metabolic Study of Two Contrasting Chinese Cabbage Genotypes under Mild and Severe Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115947. [PMID: 35682623 PMCID: PMC9180449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is an important leafy vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. Drought is one of the most important limiting factors for the growth, production and quality of Chinese cabbage due to its weak drought tolerance. In order to deepen the understanding of drought stress response in Chinese cabbage, metabolomics studies were conducted in drought−tolerant (DT) and drought−susceptible (DS) genotypes of Chinese cabbage under water deficit−simulated mild and severe drought stress conditions. A total of 777 metabolites were detected, wherein 90 of them were proposed as the drought−responsive metabolites in Chinese cabbage, with abscisic acid (ABA), serine, choline alfoscerate, and sphingosine as potential representative drought stress biomarkers. We also found that drought−tolerant and drought−susceptible genotypes showed differential metabolic accumulation patterns with contrasting drought response mechanisms. Notably, constitutively high levels of ABA and glutathione were detected in drought−tolerant genotype in all tested and control conditions. In addition, proline, sucrose, γ−aminobutyric acid, and glutathione were also found to be highly correlated to drought tolerance. This study is the first metabolomic study on how Chinese cabbage responds to drought stress, and could provide insights on how to develop and cultivate new drought−resistant varieties.
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Seed Germination Behavior, Growth, Physiology and Antioxidant Metabolism of Four Contrasting Cultivars under Combined Drought and Salinity in Soybean. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030498. [PMID: 35326148 PMCID: PMC8944481 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and salinity stresses are persistent threat to field crops and are frequently mentioned as major constraints on worldwide agricultural productivity. Moreover, their severity and frequency are predicted to rise in the near future. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought (5, 10 and 15% polyethylene glycol, PEG-6000), salinity (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl), and their combination, particularly at the seed germination stage, in terms of photosynthesis and antioxidant activity, in four soybean cultivars, viz., PI408105A (PI5A), PI567731 (PI31), PI567690 (PI90), and PI416937 (PI37). Results showed that seed germination was enhanced by 10% PEG and decreased by 15% PEG treatments compared to the control, while seed germination was drastically decreased under all levels of NaCl treatment. Furthermore, combined drought and salinity treatment reduced plant height and root length, shoot and root total weights, and relative water content compared with that of control. However, the reductions were not similar among the varieties, and definite growth retardations were observed in cultivar PI5A under drought and in PI37 under salinity. In addition, all treatments resulted in substantially reduced contents of chlorophyll pigment, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll fluorescence; and increased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and non-photochemical quenching in all varieties of soybean as compared to the control plants. However, proline, amino acids, sugars, and secondary metabolites were increased with the drought and salinity stresses alone. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species accumulation was accompanied by improved enzymatic antioxidant activity, such as that of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. However, the enhancement was most noticeable in PI31 and PI90 under both treatments. In conclusion, the cultivar PI31 has efficient drought and salinity stress tolerance mechanisms, as illustrated by its superior photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation, antioxidative enzyme activity, and secondary metabolite regulation, compared to the other cultivars, when stressed.
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20
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Xiong S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Gao M, Zhao Y, Wu L. Effects of Drought Stress and Rehydration on Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Four Oak Species in China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050679. [PMID: 35270149 PMCID: PMC8912384 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Quercus fabri Hance, Quercus serrata Thunb, Quercus acutissima Carruth, and Quercus variabilis BL are four Chinese oak species commonly used for forestation. To ensure the survival of seedlings, we first need to understand the differences in drought resistance of the four oak species at the seedling stage, and comprehensively evaluate their drought resistance capabilities. The four oak seedlings were divided into drought-rewatering treatment group and well watered samples (control group). For the seedlings of the drought-rewatering treatment group, drought stress lasting 31 days was used, and then re-watering for 5 days. The water parameters, osmotic solutes content, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis parameters of the seedlings in the two groups were measured every 5 days. Compared with the control group, the relative water content, water potential, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance levels of the four oaks all showed a downward trend under continuous drought stress, and showed an upward trend after rehydration. The soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase content of the four oaks increased first and then decreased under drought stress, and then increased after rehydration. The content of glycine betaine and malondialdehyde continued to increase, and gradually decreased after rehydration. The weight of each index was calculated by principal component analysis, and then the comprehensive evaluation of each index was carried out through the membership function method. The drought resistance levels of the four oak species were as follows: Q. serrata > Q. fabri > Q. variabilis > Q. acutissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (M.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (M.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (M.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (M.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (M.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (M.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
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21
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Zheng J, Gong Z, Yin S, Wang W, Wang M, Lin P, Zhou H, Yang Y. Rapid determination of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage based on MIR spectroscopy and a Gustafson–Kessel noise clustering algorithm. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18457-18465. [PMID: 35799918 PMCID: PMC9218965 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues exceeding the standard in Chinese cabbage is harmful to human health. In order to quickly, non-destructively and effectively qualitatively analyze lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage, a method involving a Gustafson–Kessel noise clustering (GKNC) algorithm was proposed to cluster the mid-infrared (MIR) spectra. A total of 120 Chinese cabbage samples with three different lambda-cyhalothrin residue levels (no lambda-cyhalothrin, and cases where the ratios of lambda-cyhalothrin and water were 1 : 500 and 1 : 100) were scanned using an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spectrometer for collecting the MIR spectra. Next, multiple scatter correction (MSC) was employed to eliminate the effects of light scattering. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were utilized to reduce the dimensionality and extract the feature information from the MIR spectra. Finally, fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering, Gustafson–Kessel (GK) clustering, noise clustering (NC) and the GKNC algorithm were applied to cluster the MIR spectral data, respectively. The experimental results showed that the GKNC algorithm gave the best classification performance compared against the other three fuzzy clustering algorithms, and its highest clustering accuracy reached 93.3%. Therefore, the GKNC algorithm coupled with MIR spectroscopy is an effective method for detecting lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage. Pesticide residues exceeding the standard in Chinese cabbage is harmful to human health.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Shaojie Yin
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yangjian Yang
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
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22
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Chen W, Miao Y, Ayyaz A, Hannan F, Huang Q, Ulhassan Z, Zhou Y, Islam F, Hong Z, Farooq MA, Zhou W. Purple stem Brassica napus exhibits higher photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant potential and anthocyanin biosynthesis related genes expression against drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936696. [PMID: 35968110 PMCID: PMC9366039 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Purple-stem Brassica napus (B. napus) is a phenotype with unique color because of its high anthocyanins content. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring plant pigments that have antioxidants activity and play important role in plant defense against abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present study, drought induced effects on plants were investigated in hydroponically grown seedlings of green stem (GS) and purple stem (PS) genotypes of B. napus. The results of this study showed that the major function of anthocyanins accumulation during drought was to enhance the antioxidant capability and stress tolerance in B. napus plants. Our results showed that drought significantly inhibited the plant growth in terms of decreased biomass accumulation in both genotypes, although marked decline was observed in GS genotype. The reduction in photosynthetic attributes was more noticeable in the GS genotype, whereas the PS genotype showed better performance under drought stress. Under stressful conditions, both the genotype showed excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as higher levels of antioxidant enzymes activities. Under drought conditions, the GS genotype showed apparent damages on chloroplast deformation like in thylakoid membrane and grana structural distortion and fewer starch grains and bigger plastoglobuli. Moreover, during drought stress, the PS genotype exhibited maximum expression levels of anthocyanins biosynthesis genes and antioxidant enzymes accompanied by higher stress tolerance relative to GS genotype. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that GS genotype found more sensitive to drought stress than the PS genotype. Furthermore this research paper also provides practical guidance for plant biologists who are developing stress-tolerant crops by using anthocyanin biosynthesis or regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Miao
- Agricultural Technology and Water Conservancy Service Center, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheyuan Hong
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Muhammad Ahsan Farooq,
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Zhou,
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Liu Q, Chen S, Zhou D, Ding C, Wang J, Zhou H, Tu K, Pan L, Li P. Nondestructive Detection of Weight Loss Rate, Surface Color, Vitamin C Content, and Firmness in Mini-Chinese Cabbage with Nanopackaging by Fourier Transform-Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Foods 2021; 10:2309. [PMID: 34681358 PMCID: PMC8535081 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A nondestructive optical method is described for the quality assessment of mini-Chinese cabbage with nanopackaging during its storage, using Fourier transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy. The sample quality attributes measured included weight loss rate, surface color index, vitamin C content, and firmness. The level of freshness of the mini-Chinese cabbage during storage was divided into three categories. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the least squares support vector machine were applied to spectral datasets in order to develop prediction models for each quality attribute. For a comparative analysis of performance, the five preprocessing methods applied were standard normal variable (SNV), first derivative (lst), second derivative (2nd), multiplicative scattering correction (MSC), and auto scale. The SNV-PLSR model exhibited the best prediction performance for weight loss rate (Rp2 = 0.96, RMSEP = 1.432%). The 1st-PLSR model showed the best prediction performance for L* value (Rp2 = 0.89, RMSEP = 3.25 mg/100 g), but also the lowest accuracy for firmness (Rp2 = 0.60, RMSEP = 2.453). The best classification model was able to predict freshness levels with 88.8% accuracy in mini-Chinese cabbage by supported vector classification (SVC). This study illustrates that the spectral profile obtained by FT-NIR spectroscopy could potentially be implemented for integral assessments of the internal and external quality attributes of mini-Chinese cabbage with nanopacking during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Shaoxia Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Dandan Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Chao Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Jiahong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Kang Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Leiqing Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Pengxia Li
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
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Changes in Antioxidative Compounds and Enzymes in Small-Leaved Linden ( Tilia cordata Mill.) in Response to Mistletoe ( Viscum album L.) Infestation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091871. [PMID: 34579405 PMCID: PMC8465490 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mistletoe infestation leads to a decrease in the growth of woody plants, their longevity, and partial or complete drying of the top, as well as premature death. Various environmental stress factors, both abiotic and biotic, stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress in plant tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) infestation on the response of the antioxidative defense system in leaves of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.). Leaves from infested trees were taken from branches (i) without mistletoe, (ii) with 1–2 mistletoe bushes (low degree of infestation), and (iii) with 5–7 mistletoe bushes (high degree of infestation). The relative water content and the chlorophyll a and b contents in leaves from linden branches affected by mistletoe were significantly lower than those in leaves from non-infested trees and from host-tree branches with no mistletoe. At the same time, leaves from branches with low and high degrees of infestation had significantly higher electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content, oxidized forms of ascorbic acid (dehydroascorbic and 2,3-diketogulonic acids), and oxidized glutathione. The results of principal component analysis show that the development of oxidative stress was accompanied by an increase in proline content and in superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Several biochemical parameters (proline, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase) were found to be altered in leaves from host-tree branches with no mistletoe. This result indicates that the mistletoe infestation of trees not only causes local changes in the locations of hemiparasite attachment, but also affects the redox metabolism in leaves from other parts of the infested tree.
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25
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Santin M, Ranieri A, Castagna A. Anything New under the Sun? An Update on Modulation of Bioactive Compounds by Different Wavelengths in Agricultural Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1485. [PMID: 34371687 PMCID: PMC8309429 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants continuously rely on light as an energy source and as the driver of many processes in their lifetimes. The ability to perceive different light radiations involves several photoreceptors, which in turn activate complex signalling cascades that ultimately lead to a rearrangement in plant metabolism as an adaptation strategy towards specific light conditions. This review, after a brief summary of the structure and mode of action of the different photoreceptors, introduces the main classes of secondary metabolites and specifically focuses on the influence played by the different wavelengths on the content of these compounds in agricultural plants, because of their recognised roles as nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Kaur H, Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bhardwaj R. Scrutinizing the impact of water deficit in plants: Transcriptional regulation, signaling, photosynthetic efficacy, and management. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:935-962. [PMID: 33686690 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal availability of water limits plant growth, development, and performance. Drought is one of the leading factors responsible for worldwide crop yield reduction. In the future, owing to climate changes, more agricultural land will be affected by prolonged periods of water deficit. Thus, understanding the fundamental mechanism of drought response is a major scientific concern for improvement of crop production. To combat drought stress, plants deploy varied mechanistic strategies and alter their morphological, physiochemical, and molecular attributes. This helps plant to enhance water uptake and storage, reduce water loss and avoid wilting. Induction of several transcription factors and drought responsive genes leads to synthesis of stress proteins, regulation of water channels i.e. aquaporins and production of osmolytes that are essential for maintenance of osmotic balance at the cellular level. Self- and hormone-regulated signaling pathways are often stimulated by plants after receiving drought stress signals via secondary messengers, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and stress hormones. These signaling cascades often leads to stomatal closure and reduction in transpiration rates. Reduced carbon dioxide diffusion in chloroplast, lowered efficacy of photosystems, and other metabolic constraints limits the key regulatory photosynthetic process during water deficit. The impact of these stomatal and nonstomatal limitations varies with stress intensity, superimposed stresses and plant species. A clear understanding of the drought resistance process is thus important before adopting strategies for imparting drought tolerance in plants. These management practices at present include exogenous hormone application, breeding, and genetic engineering techniques for combating the water deficit issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- PG Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- PG Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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27
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Ayyaz A, Miao Y, Hannan F, Islam F, Zhang K, Xu J, Farooq MA, Zhou W. Drought tolerance in Brassica napus is accompanied with enhanced antioxidative protection, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation at seedling stage. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1133-1148. [PMID: 33599291 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, food insecurity, water scarcity, and population growth are some of today's world's frightening problems. Drought stress exerts a constant threat to field crops and is often seen as a major constraint on global agricultural productivity; its intensity and frequency are expected to increase in the near future. The present study investigated the effects of drought stress (15% w/v polyethylene glycol PEG-6000) on physiological and biochemical changes in five Brassica napus cultivars (ZD630, ZD622, ZD619, GY605, and ZS11). For drought stress induction, 3-week-old rapeseed oil seedlings were treated with PEG-6000 in full strength Hoagland nutrient solution for 7 days. PEG treatment significantly decreased the plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency, including primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of PSII, intercellular CO2 , net photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, and water-use efficiency of all studied B. napus cultivars; however, pronounced growth retardations were observed in cultivar GY605. Drought-stressed B. napus cultivars also experienced a sharp rise in H2 O2 generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Additionally, the accumulation of ROS was accompanied by increased activity of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase), although the increase was more obvious in ZD622 and ZS11. Drought stress also caused an increased endogenous hormonal biosynthesis (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid) and accumulation of total soluble proteins and proline content, but the extent varies in B. napus cultivars. These results suggest that B. napus cultivars have an efficient drought stress tolerance mechanism, as shown by improved antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Miao
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangni Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Šola I, Stić P, Rusak G. Effect of flooding and drought on the content of phenolics, sugars, photosynthetic pigments and vitamin C, and antioxidant potential of young Chinese cabbage. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Li W, Gupta A, Tian H, Nguyen KH, Tran CD, Watanabe Y, Tian C, Li K, Yang Y, Guo J, Luo Y, Miao Y, Phan Tran LS. Different strategies of strigolactone and karrikin signals in regulating the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to water-deficit stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1789321. [PMID: 32669036 PMCID: PMC8550175 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1789321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone and karrikin receptors, DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), respectively, have been shown to positively regulate drought resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana by modulating abscisic acid responsiveness, anthocyanin accumulation, stomatal closure, cell membrane integrity and cuticle formation. Here, we aim to identify genes specifically or commonly regulated by D14 and KAI2 under water scarcity, using comparative analysis of the transcriptome data of the A. thaliana d14-1 and kai2-2 mutants under dehydration conditions. In comparison with wild-type, under dehydration conditions, the expression levels of genes related to photosynthesis and the metabolism of glucosinolates and trehalose were significantly changed in both d14-1 and kai2-2 mutant plants, whereas the transcript levels of genes related to the metabolism of cytokinins and brassinosteroids were significantly altered in the d14-1 mutant plants only. These results suggest that cytokinin and brassinosteroid metabolism might be specifically regulated by the D14 pathway, whereas photosynthesis and metabolism of glucosinolates and trehalose are potentially regulated by both D14 and KAI2 pathways in plant response to water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hongtao Tian
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yin Luo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- CONTACT Yuchen Miao Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng475001, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Lam-Son Phan Tran ; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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30
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Song S, Arora S, Laserna AKC, Shen Y, Thian BWY, Cheong JC, Tan JKN, Chiam Z, Fong SL, Ghosh S, Ok YS, Li SFY, Tan HTW, Dai Y, Wang CH. Biochar for urban agriculture: Impacts on soil chemical characteristics and on Brassica rapa growth, nutrient content and metabolism over multiple growth cycles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138742. [PMID: 32498194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With possible food crises looming in the near future, urban farming, including small-scale community and home gardens for home consumption, presents a promising option to improve food security in cities. These small-scale farms and gardens often use planter boxes and raised beds filled with lightweight soil or potting mixes. While previous studies on biochar focused on its application on large-scale contiguous farmlands, this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of biochar as a partial soil substitute to produce a durable and lightweight soil-biochar mix for small-scale urban farms. The effects of biochar on the chemical properties of the soil-biochar mix, crop yield and, particularly, crop nutrients and metabolic content were assessed. A germination test using pak choi seeds (Brassica rapa L. cultivar group Pak choi, Green-Petioled Form) showed that the biochar contained phytostimulants. Through a nursery pot experiment over four growth cycles, biochar treatments performed better than pure soil at retaining water-soluble NO3- and K+ ions, but were worse at retaining PO43- ions. Nonetheless, despite its positive effect on soil NO3- retention, biochar application did not improve crop yield significantly when the application rate varied from 0% to 60% (v/v). Untargeted metabolomic analyses showed that biochar application may increase the production of carbohydrates and certain flavonoids and glucosinolates. The results of this study showed that biochar can potentially be used to improve pak choi nutritional values and applied in large quantity to obtain a lightweight soil mix for urban farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Srishti Arora
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Anna Karen C Laserna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ye Shen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Brian W Y Thian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jia Chin Cheong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jonathan K N Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhongyu Chiam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siew Lee Fong
- Agri-technology & Food Innovation Department, Singapore Food Agency, Sembawang Research Station, Lorong Chencharu, Singapore 769194, Republic of Singapore
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology (Research), National Parks Board, Republic of Singapore; School of Environmental & Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam F Y Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hugh T W Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanjun Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Republic of Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Republic of Singapore.
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31
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Fang Z, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhao D, Tao J. Effects of fulvic acid on the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of Paeonia ostii under drought stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1774714. [PMID: 32498663 PMCID: PMC8570752 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1774714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PAEONIA OST II has become an economically important oil crop in recent years, but its growth is seriously affected by drought stress in dry areas. In this study, the alleviating effect of fulvic acid (FA) on potted P. ostii under natural drought stress was investigated. The natural drought stress adopted in this experiment was mainly characterized by the low soil water content, and the roots of plants cannot absorb enough water to compensate for the consumption of transpiration, which affects the normal physiological activities and causes damage. The results showed that FA treatment significantly increased the leaf water content and antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, the proline (Pro) content, and the relative electrical conductivity (REC). Moreover, FA treatment improved photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters, maintained the integrity of chloroplasts and mesophyll cells, and increased the expression level of drought-tolerant genes. These results indicated that FA treatment could induce antioxidant enzymes to eliminate ROS, reduce membrane lipid peroxidation and decrease damage to photosynthesis in P. ostii under drought stress, which would provide a measure for alleviating the damage of P. ostii caused by drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Fang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiayan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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32
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Li T, Wang R, Zhao D, Tao J. Effects of drought stress on physiological responses and gene expression changes in herbaceous peony ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1746034. [PMID: 32264754 PMCID: PMC7238884 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1746034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is known as the flower phase. This phase is somewhat resistant to drought, but long-term drought and severe water shortage will affect its normal growth and development. In this study, physiological indices and the transcriptome of P. lactiflora were determined to clarify its physiological responses and gene expression changes under drought stress. The results showed that under drought stress, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, and chlorophyll, carotenoid and flavonoid contents were significantly increased, and soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) activity first increased and then decreased after day 14. Moreover, drought stress also significantly reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared with the Control, 10,747 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and 11,835 downregulated under drought stress. These DEGs were classified into three categories and 46 functional groups by GO function classification. The 3,179 DEGs were enriched into 128 pathways by KEGG pathway enrichment. The ROS system, chlorophyll degradation and photosynthetic capacity, as well as secondary pathways of biosynthesis and sugar metabolism were included. Additionally, relevant genes expressed in some metabolic pathways were discovered. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the responses of P. lactiflora to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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