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Singh A, Pratap SG, Raj A. Occurrence and dissemination of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in aquatic environment and its ecological implications: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47505-47529. [PMID: 39028459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in aquatic systems is growing global public health concern. These emerging micropollutants, stemming from improper wastewater treatment and disposal, highlight the complex and evolving nature of environmental pollution. Current literature reveals potential biases, such as a geographical focus on specific regions, leading to an insufficient understanding of the global distribution and dynamics of antibiotic resistance in aquatic systems. There is methodological inconsistency across studies, making it challenging to compare findings. Potential biases include sample collection inconsistencies, detection sensitivity variances, and data interpretation variability. Gaps in understanding include the need for comprehensive, standardized long-term monitoring programs, elucidating the environmental fate and transformation of antibiotics and resistance genes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the occurrence and dissemination of emerging micropollutants, their ecological impacts, and the global health implications of antimicrobial resistance. It highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaborations among researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to address the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance in aquatic resistance in aquatic systems effectively. This review highlights widespread antibiotic and antibiotic resistance in aquatic environment, driven by human and agricultural activities. It underscores the ecological consequences, including disrupted microbial communities and altered ecosystem functions. The findings call for urgent measures to mitigate antibiotics pollution and manage antibiotic resistance spread in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Environmental Science, Babu Banarsi Das University, Lucknow, 227015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini G Pratap
- School of Environmental Science, Babu Banarsi Das University, Lucknow, 227015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hailu W, Alemayehu H, Hailu L, Medhin G, Rajashekara G, Gebreyes WA, Eguale T. Escherichia coli isolates from vegetable farms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Antimicrobial susceptibility profile and associated resistance genetic markers. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4122-4132. [PMID: 38873492 PMCID: PMC11167155 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of animal manure to fertilize soil is an emerging concern contributing to the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens to vegetables. Hence, assessing antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli in vegetable farms is essential to design appropriate interventions against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food chain. This study assessed antimicrobial resistance profile and associated genetic markers among E. coli isolated from vegetable farms fertilized with animal manure in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 1044 samples were collected using convenience sampling: soil (n = 271), manure (n = 375), and vegetables (n = 398) from 81 vegetable farms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted for 100 E. coli isolates and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 1044 collected samples, 25.3% were positive for E. coli, with significantly higher prevalence in the manure sample and samples collected from Akaki Kality sub-city (p < .05). The highest resistance rate was recorded for tetracycline (72%), followed by streptomycin (63%), and sulfamethoxazole +trimethoprim (56%). Multidrug resistance was detected in 61% of the E. coli isolates. The aac(3)-IV (76.9%), bla TEM (65.4%), aadA (60.3%), tet(A) (58.3%), and sulI (51.7%) were the commonly detected resistance genes. The current study showed a high burden of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli isolated from manure-amended vegetable farms, with potential of playing a significant role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain. Efforts should be made to reduce the burden of resistant organisms and ARGs through prudent use of antimicrobials in livestock and application of appropriate composting techniques before using manure as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woinshet Hailu
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of PathobiologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
- College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Haile Alemayehu
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of PathobiologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Lulit Hailu
- Ethiopian Public Health InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of PathobiologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi)The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | - Wondwossen A. Gebreyes
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi)The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of PathobiologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
- Ohio State Global One HealthAddis AbabaEthiopia
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Tan Y, Zhao K, Yang S, Chen S, Li C, Han X, Li J, Hu K, Liu S, Ma M, Yu X, Zou L. Insights into antibiotic and heavy metal resistance interactions in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock manure and fertilized soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119935. [PMID: 38154221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock feces are ecological and public health problems. However, the distribution and relationships of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and virulence factors (VFs) and their transmission mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the resistance of Escherichia coli, the prevalence of its ARGs, HMRGs, and VFs, and their transmission mechanisms in livestock fresh feces (FF), composted feces (CF), and fertilized soil (FS). In total, 99.54% (n = 221) and 91.44% (n = 203) of E. coli were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one heavy metal, respectively. Additionally, 72.52% (n = 161) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), of which Cu-resistant E. coli accounted for 72.67% (117/161). More than 99.34% (88/89) of E. coli carried multidrug ARGs, VFs, and the Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS. The Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS were mainly located on chromosomes, and cueO and cusF were positively associated with HMRGs, ARGs, and VFs. The Cu resistance genes pcoABCDRS were located on the plasmid pLKYL-P02 flanked by ARGs in PF18C from FF group and on chromosomes flanked by HMRGs in SAXZ1-1 from FS group. These results improved our understanding of bacterial multidrug and heavy metal resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Tan
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Sichuan Province Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Menggen Ma
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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O’Neill L, Manzanilla EG, Ekhlas D, Leonard FC. Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1616. [PMID: 37998818 PMCID: PMC10669415 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli of animal origin presents a threat to human health. Although animals are not the primary source of human infections, humans may be exposed to AMR E. coli of animal origin and their AMR genes through the food chain, direct contact with animals, and via the environment. For this reason, AMR in E. coli from food producing animals is included in most national and international AMR monitoring programmes and is the subject of a large body of research. As pig farming is one of the largest livestock sectors and the one with the highest antimicrobial use, there is considerable interest in the epidemiology of AMR in E. coli of porcine origin. This literature review presents an overview and appraisal of current knowledge of AMR in commensal E. coli of the porcine gastrointestinal tract with a focus on its evolution during the pig lifecycle and the relationship with antimicrobial use. It also presents an overview of the epidemiology of resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and colistin in pig production. The review highlights the widespread nature of AMR in the porcine commensal E. coli population, especially to the most-used classes in pig farming and discusses the complex interplay between age and antimicrobial use during the pig lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan O’Neill
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
| | - Edgar García Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
| | - Daniel Ekhlas
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 DY05, Ireland
| | - Finola C. Leonard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
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Wang W, Yi Z, Cai W, Ma J, Yang H, Zhou M, Xiao X. Differences in Bacterial Communities of Retail Raw Pork in Different Market Types in Hangzhou, China. Foods 2023; 12:3357. [PMID: 37761065 PMCID: PMC10529276 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pork is widely consumed globally, and pigs' microbiota can potentially harbor foodborne pathogens. Contaminated pork in retail markets poses significant implications for food quality and safety. However, limited studies have compared pork microbiomes in various marketing environments. In this study, we utilized traditional microbial culture methods and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to assess pathogen contamination and bacterial diversity in raw pork samples purchased from farmers' markets and two types of supermarkets (upscale and ordinary) in Hangzhou, China. Traditional microbial plate cultures identified E. coli and Salmonella spp. in 32.1% (27/84) and 15.5% (13/84) of the collected pork samples, respectively. Moreover, 12 out of 13 Salmonella strains were found in farmers' markets. The MIC results indicated a high prevalence of MDR strains, accounting for 51.9% in E. coli and 53.8% in Salmonella. The prevalence of NaClO tolerant strains was 33.3% and 92.3% for E. coli and Salmonella, respectively. Sequencing results indicated significantly higher microbial diversity in farmers' market samples compared to supermarket samples. Farmers' market pork samples exhibited a greater abundance of Acinetobacter, while Pseudomonas and Brochothrix were predominant in supermarket samples. The total abundance of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria was also higher for the farmers' market samples. Cross-contamination during market trading was evident through a high correlation between bacterial abundance in pork from different stalls within the same farmers' market. PICRUSt2 analysis identified significant differences in the average proportions of genes for carbohydrate, energy, and lipid metabolism from the farmers' markets, suggesting an exacerbation of microbial metabolic activity and increased perishability of pork in this environment. In conclusion, this study revealed variations in the characteristics of raw pork bacterial contamination across different types of retail stores, as well as differences in the composition and diversity of their respective bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; (W.W.); (Z.Y.); (J.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhengkai Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; (W.W.); (Z.Y.); (J.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wei Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China;
| | - Jiele Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; (W.W.); (Z.Y.); (J.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; (W.W.); (Z.Y.); (J.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China;
| | - Xingning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; (W.W.); (Z.Y.); (J.M.); (H.Y.)
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6
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Dias Costa R, Silva V, Leite A, Saraiva M, Lopes TT, Themudo P, Campos J, Vieira-Pinto M. Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae Control at a Pig Abattoir: Are We Missing Lairage Time Effect, Pig Skin, and Internal Carcass Surface Contamination? Foods 2023; 12:2910. [PMID: 37569179 PMCID: PMC10418833 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide meat safety and consumer protection, appropriate hygiene control measures at an abattoir are required. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of visual fecal contamination level (VFCL) and lairage time (LT) on pig skin (PS) and external (ECS) and internal (ICS) carcass surfaces. The presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in PS, ECS, and ICS were evaluated. A total of 300 paired samples were collected from 100 pigs. Results underlined the importance of the skin (Enterobacteriaceae: 3.27 ± 0.68 log CFU/cm2; E. coli: 3.15 ± 0.63 log CFU/cm2; Salmonella: 21% of samples) as a direct or indirect source of carcass contamination. Although VFCL revealed no significant effect (p > 0.05), the increase of LT had a significant impact (p < 0.001) on Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli levels across all analysed surfaces, and Salmonella presence on ICS (p < 0.01), demanding attention to LT. Also, the ICS showed a higher level of these bacteria compared to ECS. These results highlight the need of food business operators to consider ICS as an alternative area to sample for Salmonella, as a criterion for process hygiene based on EC Regulation No. 2073/2005, and as a potential contamination source to be integrated in the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dias Costa
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences/Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Vanessa Silva
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Ana Leite
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- INSA—National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Reference Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (T.T.L.)
| | - Teresa Teixeira Lopes
- INSA—National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Reference Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (T.T.L.)
| | - Patrícia Themudo
- INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Bacteriology and Micology Laboratory, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Joana Campos
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences/Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (A.L.)
- Veterinary Science Department—Gab. B.1.02, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Jiang H, Jiao X, Yu T, Wang W, Cheng H, Huang G, Fang J. Contribution of different class 2 integron elements to fitness costs in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and evaluation of their adaptability in “farm-to-table” environments. Food Microbiol 2023; 113:104279. [PMID: 37098435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrons play a pivotal role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, because they can capture and express exogenous antimicrobial resistance genes. This study aimed to elucidate the structure and contribution of different elements of class 2 integrons to fitness costs in their host bacteria and evaluate their adaptability to the "farm-to-table" process. We mapped 27 typical class 2 integrons of Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic foods and pork products, each harboring an inactive truncated class 2 integrase gene and the gene cassette (GC) array dfrA1-sat2-aadA1 with strong Pc2A/Pc2B promoters. Notably, the fitness costs associated with class 2 integrons depended on the Pc promoter strength and quantity and content of GCs in the array. Additionally, the costs of integrases were activity-dependent, and a balance was identified between GC capture ability and integron stability, which could explain the inactive truncated integrase identified. Although typical class 2 integrons exhibited low-cost structures in E. coli, the bacteria incurred biological costs, including decreasing growth rates and biofilm formation, in farm-to-table environments, especially under low-nutrient conditions. Nevertheless, sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations led to the selection of class 2 integron-carrying bacteria. This study provides important insights into how integrons may travel from preharvest to consumer goods.
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Williams M, Shamsi S, Williams T, Hernandez-Jover M. Bacteria of Zoonotic Interest Identified on Edible Freshwater Fish Imported to Australia. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061288. [PMID: 36981215 PMCID: PMC10048124 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that freshwater edible fish imported into Australia are not compliant with Australian importation guidelines and as a result may be high risk for bacterial contamination. In the present study, the outer surface of imported freshwater fish were swabbed, cultured, confirmatory tests performed and antimicrobial patterns investigated. Channidae fish (Sp. A/n = 66) were contaminated with zoonotic Salmonella sp./Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1/66) and other bacteria implicated in cases of opportunistic human infection, these being Pseudomonas sp. (including P. mendocina and P. pseudoalcaligenes (n = 34/66)); Micrococcus sp. (n = 32/66); Comamonas testosteroni (n = 27/66) and Rhizobium radiobacter (n = 3/66). Pangasiidae fish (Species B/n = 47) were contaminated with zoonotic Vibrio fluvialis (n = 10/47); Salmonella sp. (n = 6/47) and environmental bacteria Micrococcus sp. (n = 3/47). One sample was resistant to all antimicrobials tested and is considered to be Methicillin Resistant S. aureus. Mud, natural diet, or vegetation identified in Sp. A fish/or packaging were significantly associated with the presence of Pseudomonas spp. The study also showed that visibly clean fish (Sp. B) may harbour zoonotic bacteria and that certain types of bacteria are common to fish groups, preparations, and contaminants. Further investigations are required to support the development of appropriate food safety recommendations in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Williams
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Thomas Williams
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Marta Hernandez-Jover
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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Jeamsripong S, Khant W, Chuanchuen R. Distribution of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cultivated oysters and estuarine water. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5828078. [PMID: 32358958 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 594 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from cultivated oysters (n = 361) and estuarine water (n = 233) were examined for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotype and genotype and virulence genes. Four hundred forty isolates (74.1%) exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant strains. Most of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to erythromycin (54.2%), followed by sulfamethoxazole (34.7%) and trimethoprim (27.9%). The most common resistance genes were qnr (77.8%), strB (27.4%) and tet(A) (22.1%), whereas blaTEM (0.8%) was rarely found. Four isolates (0.7%) from oysters (n = 2) and estuarine water (n = 2) were positive to tdh, whereas no trh-positive isolates were observed. Significantly positive associations among AMR genes were observed. The SXT elements and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were absent in all isolates. The results indicated that V. parahaemolyticus isolates from oysters and estuarine water were potential reservoirs of resistance determinants in the environment. This increasing threat of resistant bacteria in the environment potentially affects human health. A 'One Health' approach involved in multidisciplinary collaborations must be implemented to effectively manage antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Winn Khant
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Chaturvedi P, Shukla P, Giri BS, Chowdhary P, Chandra R, Gupta P, Pandey A. Prevalence and hazardous impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products and antibiotics in environment: A review on emerging contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110664. [PMID: 33400949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency linked to unrestrained use of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as prophylactic agent and therapeutic purposes across various industries. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals are identified in ground water, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in ng/L to μg/L concentration range. The prevalence of organic compounds including antimicrobial agents, hormones, antibiotics, preservatives, disinfectants, synthetic musks etc. in environment have posed serious health concerns. The aim of this review is to elucidate the major sources accountable for emergence of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, variety of introductory sources and fate of PPCPs in aquatic environment including human and veterinary wastes, aquaculture and agriculture related wastes, and other anthropogenic activities have been discussed. Furthermore, genetic and enzymatic factors responsible for transfer and appearance of antibiotic resistance genes are presented. Ecotoxicity of PPCPs has been studied in environment in order to present risk imposed to human and ecological health. As per published literature reports, the removal of antibiotics and related traces being difficult, couples the possibility of emergence of antibiotic resistance and hence sustainability in global water resources. Therefore, research on environmental behavior and control strategies should be conducted along with assessing their chronic toxicity to identify potential human and ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Parul Shukla
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Transnational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Dawangpa A, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Ramasoota P, Boonsoongnern A, Ratanavanichrojn N, Sanguankiat A, Phatthanakunanan S, Tulayakul P. Genotypic and phenotypic situation of antimicrobial drug resistance of Escherichia coli in water and manure between biogas and non-biogas swine farms in central Thailand. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111659. [PMID: 33310234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Thai livestock is rapidly expanding, especially the production of ruminants, chicken, and swine. The improper use of antibiotics will probably lead to an antimicrobial resistance problem. It has long been suspected that wastewater released from swine farms is a crucial aspect of the spread of antimicrobial resistance to the environment. Biogas systems are wastewater treatment systems commonly used on swine farms; however, little is known about the roles they play in the occurrence and transmission of resistant bacteria between biogas and non-biogas systems. This study collected pooled water, wastewater, and feces samples from five biogas farms and three non-biogas farms in Central Thailand. The samples were isolated to hemolytic E. coli (HEC) and non-hemolytic E. coli (NHEC) to test the drug resistance by using VITEK® 2 Compact (BioMérieux, USA) and detect resistant genes by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to correlate the determined phenotypic and genotypic patterns. The results demonstrated that enumeration levels of E. coli ranged from 20.1 to 70.4 (MPN/100 ml), 105 to 107 (cfu/ml), and 105 to 109 (cfu/g), while they were 0-148.7 (MPN/100 ml), 105 to 107 (cfu/ml) and 105 to 109 (cfu/g) for water, wastewater and manure from biogas and non-biogas swine farms, respectively. The amount of E. coli in the sow feces samples was higher than the samples of nursery piglets on biogas farms at a 0.05 significant level (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial resistance indicated the relevant resistance characteristics of E. coli: the highest antimicrobial resistance was for ampicillin (AMP), followed by amoxicillin (AMX), tetracyclines (TET), chloramphenicol (C), and piperacillin (PIP), respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) of E. coli was 15 drugs: AMP-AMX-AMC-PIP-CEX-CEV-CPD-XNL-GM-IMP-SXT-C-TE (11.9%) and AMP-AMX-AMC-PIP-CEX-CEV-CPD-XNL-GM-IMP-SXT-C-ENR-MBR-TE (18.55%), which were the most commonly found in biogas and non-biogas swine farms, respectively. The blaTEM, tetA, sul2, and sul3 were dominantly resistant genes isolated from the water from both types of farm; while, blaTEM, aadA1, tetA, dfrA12, sul2, sul3, and cmlA were isolated from feces. The amount of E. coli in the final effluent from biogas swine farms was higher than the non-biogas swine farms; however, it was not significantly different at (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the findings of study found that genotypic characteristic of HEC showed similarity 100%. Thus, it was concluded that the levels of E. coli were accelerated in biogas wastewater treatment systems, and isolated E. coli demonstrated multidrug resistance. Even though E. coli was found in different locations, it showed relevant resistance characteristics. Therefore, regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance on livestock farms is necessary for efficient management and drug uses on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Dawangpa
- Graduate Student in Animal Health and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Alongkot Boonsoongnern
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140
| | - Nattavut Ratanavanichrojn
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140
| | - Arsooth Sanguankiat
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Sakuna Phatthanakunanan
- Kampangsaen Veterinary Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Phitsanu Tulayakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
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12
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Fang J, Cheng H, Yu T, Jiang H. Occurrence of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Pacific Mackerel at Markets in Zhejiang, China. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1411-1419. [PMID: 32294206 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a widespread bacterium in the marine environment and is one of the leading causes of food-derived bacterial poisoning in humans worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence factors, and antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in Pacific mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) from different markets in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. In total, 112 (31.11%) V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified from 360 Pacific mackerel samples, with an extremely low occurrence of the virulence genes trh (1.79%, 2 of 112) and tdh (0%, 0 of 112). Antibiotic resistance testing revealed that most isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (96.43%, 108 of 112) and streptomycin (90.18%, 101 of 112), whereas all strains were sensitive to kanamycin, florfenicol, cefamandole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Furthermore, 46.43% (52 of 112) of isolates, which had 12 different phenotypes, were classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the multiple antibiotic resistance index values of isolates were between 0.05 and 0.63, and the maximum multiple antibiotic resistance index was attributed to two isolates that exhibited resistance to 12 antibiotics. Heavy metal resistance patterns were similar among the six different markets. The majority of isolates showed resistance to Cd2+ (78.57%) and Pb2+ (51.79%), and fewer were resistant to Cu2+ (37.50%), Zn2+ (25.00%), Co2+ (9.82%), Ni2+ (6.25%), and Mn2+ (4.46%). No isolates were resistant to Cr3+. In total, 22.32% (25 of 112) of strains were multiheavy metal resistant. Furthermore, multidrug resistance and multiheavy metal resistance were found to be positively correlated in the V. parahaemolyticus strains by using Pearson's correlation analysis (P = 0.008; R = 0.925). This information will contribute to the monitoring of variations in the antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus strains from seafood and provide insight into the appropriate use of antibiotics and the safe consumption of seafood. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Research and Develop Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
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13
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Jiang H, Yu T, Yang Y, Yu S, Wu J, Lin R, Li Y, Fang J, Zhu C. Co-occurrence of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance and Sequence Type Diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Penaeus vannamei at Freshwater Farms, Seawater Farms, and Markets in Zhejiang Province, China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1294. [PMID: 32676056 PMCID: PMC7333440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-borne bacterial poisoning in China and is a threat to human health worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic resistance profiles and distribution of heavy metal resistance of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from Penaeus vannamei from freshwater farms, seawater farms, and their corresponding markets in Zhejiang, China and to assess the relationship between multidrug resistance (MDR) and multi-heavy metal resistance (MHMR). Of the 360 P. vannamei samples that we tested, 90 (25.00%) were V. parahaemolyticus positive, but the occurrence of pathogenic isolates carrying the toxin genes tdh (4.44%) and trh (3.33%) was low. None of the tested isolates harbored both the tdh and trh genes. However, antibiotic resistance profiles varied among different sampling locations, levels of resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin (76.67%) and streptomycin (74.44%) were high overall, and MDR isolates were common (40.00% of all isolates). Heavy metal resistance patterns were similar among the different sampling locations. Overall, the majority of V. parahaemolyticus isolates displayed tolerance to Cd2+ (60.00%), and fewer were resistant to Cu2+ (40.00%), Zn2+ (38.89%), Ni2+ (24.44%), Cr3+ (14.44%), and Co2+ (8.89%). In addition, 34.44% (31/90) of isolates tested in this study were found to be MHMR. Using Pearson's correlation analysis, MDR and MHMR were found to be positively correlated (P = 0.004; R = 0.759). The 18 V. parahaemolyticus isolates that were both MDR and MHMR represented 18 sequence types, of which 12 were novel to the PubMLST database, and displayed a high level of genetic diversity, suggesting that dissemination may be affected by mobile genetic elements via horizontal gene transfer. However, a low percentage of class 1 integrons without gene cassettes and no class 2 or 3 integrons were detected in the 18 MDR and MHMR isolates or in the 90 V. parahaemolyticus isolates overall. Thus, we suggest that future research focus on elucidating the mechanisms that lead to a high prevalence of resistance determinants in V. parahaemolyticus. The results of this study provide data that will support aquatic animal health management and food safety risk assessments in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lei T, Zhang J, Jiang F, He M, Zeng H, Chen M, Pang R, Wu H, Wu S, Wang J, Ding Y, Wu Q. Characterization of class 1 integrons harboring bla VEB-1 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from ready-to-eat foods in China. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 318:108473. [PMID: 31863965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of integrons and integron-associated antibiotic resistance in V. parahaemolyticus strains collected from RTE foods in China, and to carry out a comprehensive analysis on the molecular characterization of V. parahaemolyticus strains carrying blaVEB-1-positive class 1 integron. Of the 51 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from RTE food samples, none of the isolates was found to carry integrase genes intI2 and IntI3. However, all 51 strains were positive to integrase gene intI1, and only 2 of 51 (3.92%) intI1-positive isolates yielded polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of gene cassette amplification. Sequence data and BLAST analysis indicated the gene cassette arrays of class 1 integron in VP007 is dfrA14-blaVEB-1-aadB, while the gene cassette arrays of class 1 integron in V187 is blaVEB-1-aadB-arr2-cmlA-blaOXA-10-aadA1. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the two V. parahaemolyticus isolates harboring class 1 integrons exhibited multi-drug resistance to various antibiotics. S1-PFGE and Southern blot analysis confirmed the class 1 integron harboring blaVEB-1 gene in V187 was located on the plasmid of ~175 kb and transferrable to the recipient strain by conjugation. This is the first detection of class 1 integrons harboring the ESBL gene blaVEB-1 in V. parahaemolyticus. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report of VEB-producing V. parahaemolyticus from RTE foods. Our findings revealed that class 1 integron on conjugative plasmid contributes significantly to the dissemination of VEB-producing V. parahaemolyticus, which warrants further investigation because of the public health threat it poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Fufeng Jiang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China
| | - Min He
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China.
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15
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Three-Year Longitudinal Study: Prevalence of Salmonella Enterica in Chicken Meat is Higher in Supermarkets Than Wet Markets from Mexico. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030264. [PMID: 32121659 PMCID: PMC7143798 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, chicken meat is considered one of the main sources of Salmonella enterica in humans. To protect consumers from this foodborne pathogen, international health authorities recommend the establishment of continuous Salmonella surveillance programs in meat. However, these programs are scarce in many world regions; thus, the goal of the present study was to perform a longitudinal surveillance of S. enterica in chicken meat in Mexico. A total of 1160 samples were collected and analyzed monthly from 2016 to 2018 in ten chicken meat retailers (supermarkets and wet markets) located in central Mexico. The isolation and identification of S. enterica was carried out using conventional and molecular methods. Overall, S. enterica was recovered from 18.1% (210/1160) of the chicken meat samples. Remarkably, during the three years of evaluation, S. enterica was more prevalent (p < 0.0001) in supermarkets (27.2%, 158/580) than in wet markets (9.0%, 52/580). The study was 3.8 times more likely (odds ratio = 3.8, p < 0.0001) to recover S. enterica from supermarkets than wet markets. Additionally, a higher prevalence (p < 0.05) of this pathogen was observed during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter in supermarkets compared with wet markets. Moreover, the recovery rate of S. enterica from supermarkets showed a gradual increase from 20.78% to 42% (p < 0.0001) from 2016 to 2018. Interestingly, no correlation (p > 0.05) was observed between the S. enterica recovery rate in chicken meat and reported cases of Salmonella infections in humans. Higher levels of S. enterica in chicken meat retailed in supermarkets are not unusual; this phenomenon has also been reported in some European and Asian countries. Together, these results uncover an important health threat that needs to be urgently addressed by poultry meat producers and retailers.
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16
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Xing S, Liao X. The correlation between antibiotic resistance gene abundance and microbial community resistance in pig farm wastewater and surrounding rivers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109452. [PMID: 31351330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) abundance and microbial resistance (MR) are often used as important indicators of pollution risk; however, the relationship between ARGs abundance and MR in pig farm wastewater remains unknown. In this study, the raw pig farm wastewater, effluent water, upstream river water, domestic wastewater and downstream river water samples were collected. The concentration of 20 subtypes of ARGs and 2 integrons, minimal inhibit concentration (MIC), and bacterial communities were investigated. In this study, 20 subtypes of ARGs and integrons were detected in all sampling sites. The highest abundance of 17 of the 20 subtypes of ARGs was detected in raw pig farm wastewater, and ermA had the maximum average abundance of 108 copies/mL, with up to 2.41 ± 0.12 × 108 copies/mL. There was no significant correlation between MR to three antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline hydrochloride) and the abundance of their corresponding ARGs (P > 0.05), and a large difference was detected between the types of ARGs co-occur bacteria and resistance co-occur bacteria in the 5 sampling sites. And the pig farm wastewater treatment (WWT) could effectively reduce the ARGs and MR to the 3 antibiotics. The results presented here show that there may be no obvious correlation between ARGs and MCR in pig farm wastewater and surrounding rivers, which may be due to various environmental factors, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive evaluation of relationship between ARGs abundance and MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zixiao Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sicheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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17
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Inhibitory Substances Produced by NativeLactobacillus plantarumUTNCys5-4 Control Microbial Population Growth in Meat. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9516981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination is the cause of extensive economic loss in the food sector. Previously, the wide-range antimicrobial capacity of inhibitory substances secreted by theLactobacillus plantarumUTNCys5-4 strain was demonstratedin vitro; however, its mechanism of action in the food matrix remains unclear. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobials produced by the Cys5-4 strain in raw meat applied as pure cell cultures, cell-free supernatant (CFS), and partially purified peptides. The bacteriological results indicated the presence of commensal microbes exhibiting resistance to several antibiotics in meat samples purchased from the local market. Dipping solutions containing antimicrobial substances produced by Cys5-4 resulted in a decrease by 1.91,1.69, and 1.55 log10in cell counts upon addition of CFS, peptides and respectively pure cell culture in raw meat at day 9 of storage with refrigeration. The microbial population was maintained in the untreated meat samples during storage. An increase in pH and a concentration of released ammonia was detected in nontreated meat, indicating protein degradation. The Cys5-4 peptides exerted their bacteriolytic mode of action inducing damage in the cell membrane of the target bacteria, allowing the leaching of DNA/RNA content. The results indicate that coating meat with CFS containing Cys5-4 is a promising approach to protect against further contamination by microorganism spoilage, as well as an alternative for increasing the shelf life of raw meat.
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Jiang H, Cheng H, Liang Y, Yu S, Yu T, Fang J, Zhu C. Diverse Mobile Genetic Elements and Conjugal Transferability of Sulfonamide Resistance Genes ( sul1, sul2, and sul3) in Escherichia coli Isolates From Penaeus vannamei and Pork From Large Markets in Zhejiang, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1787. [PMID: 31428076 PMCID: PMC6690019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence rates of sulfonamide resistance genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 have been observed in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from humans, domestic animals, and aquaculture species worldwide. We investigated the distribution characteristics, location, conjugative transferability, and genetic environments of sul genes from Escherichia coli isolates collected from Penaeus vannamei and pork samples from three large markets in Zhejiang, China. The prevalence rates of sul genes in sulfonamide-resistant E. coli isolates from P. vannamei and pork samples were 90.0 and 88.6%, respectively, and the prevalence of sul1 and sul2 was significantly higher than that of sul3 (p < 0.05). Twenty-four representative sul-positive E. coli isolates were analyzed in detail. Southern blot hybridization confirmed that sul genes of E. coli isolates were located on plasmids and/or chromosomes. Transfer of resistance through conjugation was observed in all 18 E. coli isolates harboring sul genes on plasmids. Replicon typing identified seven different incompatibility groups and IncF was the dominant replicon type among sul gene-containing plasmids from both sources. PCR walking analysis indicated that 87.5% (35/40) of sul gene-related fragments carried insertion sequences (ISs) belonging to a variety of families in diverse sites, with IS26 occurring most frequently. In addition, the sul1 gene was detected mainly in fragments carrying class 1 integrons. Co-location on the same fragment with resistance genes that may contribute to the persistence and dissemination of sul1 and/or sul2 genes. The diversity of mobile genetic elements and resistance genes adjacent to sul3 was much lower than those adjacent to sul1 and sul2, especially those located in chromosomes, which reduced the transmission potential of the sul3 gene. In conclusion, combined with the results of clonal relatedness analysis by PFGE and MLST of 24 representative E. coli isolates from P. vannamei and pork samples, it showed that a small number of sul genes were vertically transmitted among E. coli from P. vannamei and that horizontal gene transfer was likely the main transmission mechanism of sul genes from both sources. Our results provide important information to better understand the risk of transmission of sul genes from seafood and meat to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cheng H, Jiang H, Fang J, Zhu C. Antibiotic Resistance and Characteristics of Integrons in Escherichia coli Isolated from Penaeus vannamei at a Freshwater Shrimp Farm in Zhejiang Province, China. J Food Prot 2019; 82:470-478. [PMID: 30806555 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles, integrons and their associated gene cassettes (GCs), and insertion sequence common regions of Escherichia coli isolates from Penaeus vannamei collected at a large-scale freshwater shrimp farm in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. A total of 182 E. coli isolates were identified from 200 samples. With the exception of imipenem, isolates were most commonly resistant to β-lactams, followed by tetracylines and sulfonamides. Fifty-two (28.6%) E. coli isolates were classified as multidrug resistant, and the patterns were highly diverse, with 29 types represented. The multiple-antibiotic resistance indices of the isolates were 0.17 to 0.56; 9.3% (17) of the 182 isolates were positive for class 1 integrons, 0.5% (1 isolate) was positive for class 2 integrons, and an insertion sequence common region 1 element was found upstream of the intI1 (integrase) gene in one of the intI1-positive isolates. Four GC arrays were detected in class 1 integrons, and one GC array was detected in class 2 integrons. Although the overall prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in P. vannamei was lower than that previously reported for poultry and livestock farms in China, concerns about the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in aquaculture were raised. Alternative approaches to reducing or replacing the use of antibiotics should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
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