1
|
Li P, Mei J, Xie J. Antibacterial mechanism of CO 2 combined with low temperature against Shewanella putrefaciens by biochemical and metabolomics analysis. Food Chem 2024; 460:140555. [PMID: 39047490 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
To further reveal the inhibition mechanism of carbon dioxide (CO2) on Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens), influence on metabolic function was studied by biochemical and metabolomics analysis. Accordingly, reduction of intracellular pH (pHi), depolarization of cell membrane and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicated that CO2 changed the membrane permeability of S. putrefaciens. Besides, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ATPase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and ratios of NADH/NAD+ were detected, indicating a role of CO2 in repressing respiratory pathway and electron transport. According to metabolomics results, CO2 induced differential expressions of metabolites, disordered respiratory chain and weakened energy metabolism of S. putrefaciens. Inhibition of respiratory rate-limiting enzymes also revealed that electron transfer of respiratory chain was blocked, cell respiration was weakened, and thus energy supply was insufficient under CO2 stress. These results revealed that CO2 caused disruption of metabolic function, which might be the main cause of growth inhibition for S. putrefaciens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High-quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rao W, Wu J, Fang Z, Chen Z, Wu J, Fang X. Antibacterial mechanism of metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum against Pseudomonas lundensis and their application in dry-aged beef preservation. Food Chem 2024; 460:140463. [PMID: 39047473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum SCB2505 (MLp SCB2505) against Pseudomonas lundensis (P. lundensis) SCB2605 was investigated, along with evaluation of their preservative effects on dry-aged beef. The results demonstrated the effective inhibition of MLp SCB2505 on the growth and biofilm synthesis of P. lundensis. The treatment with MLp SCB2505 led to the compromised membrane integrity, as evidenced by reduced intracellular ATP content, increased extracellular AKPase, K+ and protein content, as well as disrupted cell morphology. Further metabolomics analysis revealed that MLp SCB2505 interfered amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, lipid metabolism and respiratory chain in P. lundensis, ultimately leading to the interrupted life activities and even death of the bacteria. Besides, MLp SCB2505 could effectively inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas in dry-aged beef and delay spoilage. These findings propose the potential application of MLp SCB2505 as an antibacterial agent in meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinchong Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziying Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaomin Chen
- Weyran Food Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., LTD., Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hendel N, Sarri M, Sarri D, Seghiour S, Napoli E, Selloum M, Ruberto G. Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and antifungal effect of Lavandula dentata L. essential oil and methanol extract. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:3498-3507. [PMID: 37655612 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2252973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the essential oil of Lavandula dentata from Algeria and to test the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of this plant. The essential oil (EO) (57 constituents) included mainly α-pinene, β-pinene, nopinone, linalool, cryptone, and limonene. The plant polyphenolic contents and the antioxidant activity were determined. The antimicrobial effect of the EO and the methanolic extract (ME) was assessed against referenced and clinical bacterial strains, and also foodborne fungal isolates. The EO minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values varied from 0.25 to 4 mg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were less than 8 mg/mL except for S. aureus, clinical Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, and B. subtilis. The mould strains were significantly inhibited by the EO (87.50% to 88.33%). The MIC values were 3.60-15.62 mg/mL and 0.5-4 mg/mL for ME and EO, respectively. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranged from 31 to 125 mg/mL and from 2 to 8 mg/mL for ME and EO, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noui Hendel
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Boudiaf of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biology: Applications in Health and Environment (LBAHE), University of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Madani Sarri
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Boudiaf of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Djamel Sarri
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Boudiaf of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Soumia Seghiour
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Boudiaf of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Catania, Italy
| | - Mounir Selloum
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Boudiaf of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai JK, Dan WJ, Cao YD, Gao JX, Wang JR, Wan JB. Discovery of new quaternized norharmane dimers as potential anti-MRSA agents. J Adv Res 2024; 63:255-267. [PMID: 37931657 PMCID: PMC11380033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-caused infections greatly threaten public health. The discovery of natural-product-based anti-MRSA agents for treating infectious diseases has become one of the current research focuses. OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify promising anti-MRSA agents with a clear mechanism based on natural norharmane modified by quaternization or dimerization. METHODS A total of 32 norharmane analogues were prepared and characterized. Their antibacterial activities and resistance development propensity were tested by the broth double-dilution method. Cell counting kit-8 and hemolysis experiments were used to assess their biosafety. The plasma stability, bactericidal mode, and biofilm disruption effects were examined by colony counting and crystal violet staining assays. Fluorescence microscopy, metabolomic analysis, docking simulation and spectra titration revealed its anti-MRSA mechanisms. The mouse skin infection model was used to investigate the in vivo efficacy. RESULTS Compound 5a was selected as a potential anti-MRSA agent, which exhibited potent anti-MRSA activity in vitro and in vivo, low cytotoxicity and hemolysis under an effective dose. Moreover, compound 5a showed good stability in 50% plasma, a low tendency of resistance development and capabilities to disrupt bacterial biofilms. The mechanism studies revealed that compound 5a could inhibit the biosynthesis of bacteria cell walls, damage the membrane, disturb energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, and interfere with protein synthesis and nucleic acid function. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that compound 5a is a promising candidate for combating MRSA infections, providing valuable information for further exploiting a new generation of therapeutic antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Jia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Dan Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu M, Tian H, Zhu J, Ding H. Antibacterial mechanism of the methanol extract of Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W. Culb against Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae073. [PMID: 39085052 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W. Culb is a species of lichen with edible and medicinal applications in China. Our previous studies demonstrated that the methanol extract of Thamnolia subuliformis (METS) exhibits broad antibacterial activity and stability against foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of METS against Staphylococcus aureus using nontargeted metabolomics, focusing on cell wall and membrane damage. The results revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.625 mg ml-1 and that METS had good biosafety at this concentration. METS caused significant damage to the cell wall and membrane integrity, based on both morphological observation by electron microscopy and the leakage of alkaline phosphatase, protein, and nucleic acid in the cell cultures. Treatment with METS at the MIC disrupted the lipid metabolism of S. aureus, causing a decrease in the metabolism of various phospholipids and sphingolipids in the cell membrane and an increase in the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, it influenced intracellular amino acid and energy metabolism. These results shed light on the antibacterial mechanism of METS against S. aureus while also serving as a reference for the further development of natural antibacterial compounds derived from Thamnolia subuliformis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Hongqiao Tian
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jiana Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh S, Mishra A. Linalool: Therapeutic Indication And Their Multifaceted Biomedical Applications. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:255-268. [PMID: 38968949 DOI: 10.1055/a-2321-9571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review endeavors to illuminate the nuanced facets of linalool, a prominent monoterpene found abundantly in essential oils, constituting a massive portion of their composition. The biomedical relevance of linalool is a key focus, highlighting its therapeutic attributes observed through anti-nociceptive effects, anxiolytic properties, and behavioral modulation in individuals affected by dementia. These findings underscore the compound's potential application in biomedical applications. This review further explores contemporary formulations, delineating the adaptability of linalool in nano-emulsions, microemulsions, bio-capsules, and various topical formulations, including topical gels and lotions. This review covers published and granted patents between 2018-2024 and sheds light on the evolving landscape of linalool applications, revealing advancements in dermatological, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Singh
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, (U.P.) India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, (U.P.) India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dias JP, Domingues FC, Ferreira S. Linalool Reduces Virulence and Tolerance to Adverse Conditions of Listeria monocytogenes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:474. [PMID: 38927141 PMCID: PMC11201053 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, poses substantial societal, economic, and public health challenges due to its resistance, persistence, and biofilm formation in the food industry. Exploring subinhibitory concentrations of compounds to target virulence inhibition and increase susceptibility to adverse conditions presents a promising strategy to mitigate its impact of L. monocytogenes and unveils new potential applications. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of linalool on virulence factors of L. monocytogenes and potential use in the reduction in its tolerance to stressful conditions. This action was analysed considering the use of two sub-inhibitory concentrations of linalool, 0.312 and 0.625 mg/mL. We found that even with the lowest tested concentrations, a 65% inhibition of violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum, 55% inhibition in biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes and 62% reduction on haemolysis caused by this bacterium were observed. In addition to its impact on virulence factors, linalool diminished the tolerance to osmotic stress (up to 4.3 log reduction after 24 h with 12% NaCl), as well as to high (up to 3.8 log reduction after 15 min at 55 °C) and low temperatures (up to 4.6 log reduction after 84 days with 12% NaCl at 4 °C). Thus, this study paves the way to further investigation into the potential utilization of linalool to mitigate the threat posed by L. monocytogenes in the field of food safety and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.P.D.); (F.C.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kong Y, Yan H, Hu J, Dang Y, Han Z, Tian B, Wang P. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Osthole against Listeria monocytogenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10853-10861. [PMID: 38708871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of osthole against Listeria monocytogenes. The antibacterial activity of osthole was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve. Cell morphology, membrane permeability, membrane integrity, bacterial physiology, and metabolism were explored using different methods to elucidate the mechanism of action of osthole. It was shown that the MIC of osthole against L. monocytogenes was 62.5 μg/mL and it inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes effectively in a concentration-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated morphology changes of L. monocytogenes, including rough surface, cell shrinkage, and rupture. It was found that extracellular conductivity and macromolecule content were increased significantly in the presence of osthole, indicating the disruption of cell membrane integrity and permeability. Laser confocal microscopy results supported the conclusion that osthole caused severe damage to the cell membrane. It was also noticed that osthole depleted intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inhibited Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity, and promoted the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell death. This study suggests that osthole is a promising antibacterial agent candidate against L. monocytogenes, and it shows potential in the prevention and control of foodborne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kong
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jinjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Target Discovery and Protein Drug Development in Major Diseases of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Dang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Han
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Puxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren F, Li Y, Zhang M, Chen W, Chen W, Chen H. Photocatalytic inactivation mechanism of nano-BiPO 4 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its application in abalone. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113806. [PMID: 38225110 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is the main pathogenic bacteria in seafood that can cause serious food-borne illness. The annual incidence of V. parahaemolyticus infection in the United States exceeds 45,000 cases, indicating there are potential shortcomings in seafood sterilization techniques. Meanwhile, the ongoing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains highlights the urgent need for novel bacteriostatic strategies to eliminate V. parahaemolyticus. Nano-BiPO4 is a semiconductor with high H2O2 production efficiency and has potential for photocatalytic bacterial inactivation. But the effectiveness and mechanism of BiPO4 photocatalytic inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus has not been reported. In this study, nano-BiPO4 synthesized in pure water (P1) was found to exhibit optimal H2O2 production efficiency (1203 μmol h-1g-1) and antibacterial activity (in 0.8 g/L). Under UV light irradiation, P1 induced alterations in bacterial cell morphology, elevation in intracellular levels of ROS, H2O2, O2-, GSSG and MDA, and reduction in GSH level. Meanwhile, metabolomic analysis revealed that P1 stimulates the arginine biosynthesis, TCA cycle and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. These abnormal changes in the oxidative stress indicators and metabolic pathways proved that the bacterial damage was related to the H2O2 produced by nano-BiPO4 photocatalysis. Moreover, sliced abalone and hemolysis assay were used to demonstrate the applicability and biosafety of P1. This study provides theoretical support for exploring nano-BiPO4 as a bacterial inhibitor against V. parahaemolyticus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - You Li
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Wenxue Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Weijun Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu Y, Guan X, Wang S. Synergistic bactericidal mechanisms of RF energy simultaneously combined with cinnamon essential oil or epsilon-polylysine against Salmonella revealed at cellular and metabolic levels. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 408:110447. [PMID: 37907022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Radio frequency (RF) heating and antimicrobials are considered to be effective methods for inactivating food pathogens. This study explored the bactericidal effects against Salmonella of RF heating combined with two kinds of natural antimicrobials possessing different hydrophobic properties and their synergistic bactericidal mechanisms. Results showed that RF heating caused sublethal damage to bacterial cells and enhanced the interaction of cells and antimicrobials, leading to synergistic bactericidal effects of the simultaneous combination of RF heating and antimicrobials. The combination of RF heating and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) further promoted cell morphological alteration, raised membrane permeability, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared to individual treatment. The simultaneous combination of RF heating and cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) also further enhanced membrane permeability and ROS accumulation compared to individual treatment, but impacts were less than those in the combination of RF heating and ε-PL. The major synergistic bactericidal mechanism of RF heating and CEON was significantly inhibiting intracellular ATP synthesis. The untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the combined treatments enhanced disturbances to multiple intracellular metabolisms compared to individual treatment, thus leading to synergistic bactericidal effects against Salmonella. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the synergistic bactericidal mechanisms of the combination of RF heating and natural antimicrobials from cellular and metabolic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 99 South Third Ring Road, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shaojin Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Washington State University, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie LY, Xu YB, Ding XQ, Liang S, Li DL, Fu AK, Zhan XA. Itaconic acid and dimethyl itaconate exert antibacterial activity in carbon-enriched environments through the TCA cycle. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115487. [PMID: 37713987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA), a metabolite generated by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in eukaryotic immune cells, and its derivative dimethyl itaconate (DI) exert antibacterial functions in intracellular environments. Previous studies suggested that IA and DI only inhibit bacterial growth in carbon-limited environments; however, whether IA and DI maintain antibacterial activity in carbon-enriched environments remains unknown. Here, IA and DI inhibited the bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 24.02 mM and 39.52 mM, respectively, in a carbon-enriched environment. The reduced bacterial pathogenicity was reflected in cell membrane integrity, motility, biofilm formation, AI-2/luxS, and virulence. Mechanistically, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and fumaric acid levels decreased in the IA and DI treatments, while isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity was upregulated. Inhibited TCA circulation was also observed through untargeted metabolomics. In addition, energy-related aspartate metabolism and lysine degradation were suppressed. In summary, these results indicated that IA and DI reduced bacterial pathogenicity while exerting antibacterial functions by inhibiting TCA circulation. This study enriches knowledge on the inhibition of bacteria by IA and DI in a carbon-mixed environment, suggesting an alternative method for treating bacterial infections by immune metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Y Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y B Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Q Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - S Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - A K Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X A Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He R, Chen H, Wu H, Liu J, Chen W, Zhang M, Chen W, Zhong Q. Proteomics reveals energy limitation and amino acid consumption as antibacterial mechanism of linalool against Shigella sonnei and its application in fresh beef preservation. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100837. [PMID: 37780265 PMCID: PMC10534181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat is often contaminated by food-borne pathogens, resulting in significant economic losses. Linalool from plant essential oils (EOs) has been reported to have excellent antibacterial properties. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism of linalool against Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) based on proteomic and physiological indicators. The results indicated that linalool severely perturbed the expression levels of intracellular proteins, of which 208 were up-regulated and 49 were down-regulated. Moreover, linalool exerted its inhibitory effect mainly through the induction of amino acid limitation and insufficient energy levels based on the pathways involved in differential expressed proteins (DEPs). After 8 h, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) leakage increased 20.96 and 21.52-fold in the MIC and 2MIC groups while protein leakage increased 2.17 and 2.50-fold, respectively, which revealed the potential of linalool on cell structure damage combined with nucleic acid leakage. In addition, the ATP content decreased to 36.92% and 18.84% in the MIC and 2MIC groups, respectively when processed for 8 h. In particular, linalool could effectively control the quality change of fresh beef by measuring pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable counts (TVC) while not affecting its sensory acceptability based on the result of sensory evaluation. This research provides theoretical insights for the development of linalool as a new natural antibacterial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hao Wu
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jicai Liu
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
- Chunguang Agro-product Processing Institute, Wenchang 571333, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenxue Chen
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- HNU-HSF Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeyaraj EJ, Han ML, Li J, Choo WS. Metabolic perturbations and key pathways associated with the bacteriostatic activity of Clitoria ternatea flower anthocyanin fraction against Escherichia coli. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000535.v5. [PMID: 37424541 PMCID: PMC10323780 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000535.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea flowers are rich in anthocyanins and possess various biological activities. Specifically, the antibacterial mechanism of action of C. ternatea anthocyanins remains unknown and was investigated in Escherichia coli . A time-kill assay was used to assess the antibacterial activity and the metabolic perturbations in E. coli were investigated utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. Pathway analyses were carried out for metabolites showing ≥2-fold changes. The anthocyanin fraction remarkably reduced the growth of E. coli at 4 h by 95.8 and 99.9 % at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 2× MIC, respectively. The anthocyanin fraction (MIC) had a bacteriostatic effect and was shown to have perturbed glycerophospholipids (1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diacylglycerol and cardiolipin), amino acids (valine, tyrosine and isoleucine) and energy (ubiquinone and NAD) metabolites at 1 and 4 h. This study demonstrated significant metabolic perturbations of the glycerophospholipid, amino acid and energy metabolism, with these being the key pathways involved in the bacteriostatic activity of anthocyanins from C. ternatea, which may have promise as bacteriostatic agents for E. coli -related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Jeyaseela Jeyaraj
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He R, Chen W, Zhong Q, Zhang M, Pei J, Chen W, Chen H. Sodium alginate emulsion loaded with linalool: Preparation, characterization and antibacterial mechanism against Shigella sonnei. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125167. [PMID: 37270123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare sodium alginate-linalool emulsion (SA-LE) to overcome the low solubility of linalool and explore its inhibitory activity against Shigella sonnei. The results indicated that linalool significantly reduced the interfacial tension between SA and oil phase (p < 0.05). Droplet sizes of fresh emulsions were uniform with sizes from 2.54 to 2.58 μm. The ζ-potential was between -23.94 and -25.03 mV, and the viscosity distribution was 973.62 to 981.03 mPa·s at pH 5-8 (near neutral pH) without significant difference. In addition, linalool could be effectively released from SA-LE in accordance with the Peppas-Sahlin model, mainly described by Fickian diffusion. In particular, SA-LE can inhibit S. sonnei with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3 mL/L, which was lower than free linalool. The mechanism can be described as damaging the membrane structure and inhibiting respiratory metabolism accompanied by oxidative stress based on FESEM, SDH activity, ATP and ROS content. These results suggest that SA is an effective encapsulation strategy to enhance the stability of linalool and its inhibitory effect on S. sonnei at near neutral pH. Moreover, the prepared SA-LE has the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial agent to address the growing food safety challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China; Chunguang Agro-product processing institute, Wenchang 571333, PR China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Jianfei Pei
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Wenxue Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guillín Y, Cáceres M, Stashenko EE, Hidalgo W, Ortiz C. Untargeted Metabolomics for Unraveling the Metabolic Changes in Planktonic and Sessile Cells of Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 after Treatment with Lippia origanoides Essential Oil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050899. [PMID: 37237802 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella species are one of the main bacterial causes of foodborne diseases, causing a public health problem. In addition, the ability to form biofilms, multiresistance to traditional drugs, and the absence of effective therapies against these microorganisms are some of the principal reasons for the increase in bacterial diseases. In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of twenty essential oils (EOs) on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076 was evaluated, as well as the metabolic changes caused by Lippia origanoides thymol chemotype EO (LOT-II) on planktonic and sessile cells. The anti-biofilm effect was evaluated by the crystal violet staining method, and cell viability was evaluated through the XTT method. The effect of EOs was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Untargeted metabolomics analyses were conducted to determine the effect of LOT-II EO on the cellular metabolome. LOT-II EO inhibited S. Enteritidis biofilm formation by more than 60%, without decreasing metabolic activity. Metabolic profile analysis identified changes in the modulation of metabolites in planktonic and sessile cells after LOT-II EO treatment. These changes showed alterations in different metabolic pathways, mainly in central carbon metabolism and nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. Finally, the possible mechanism of action of L. origanoides EO is proposed based on a metabolomics approach. Further studies are required to advance at the molecular level on the cellular targets affected by EOs, which are promising natural products for developing new therapeutic agents against Salmonella sp. strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliany Guillín
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Marlon Cáceres
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry CROM-MASS, School of Chemistry, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - William Hidalgo
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología y Bioanálisis, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jibrin Uttu A, Sani Sallau M, Risikat Agbeke Iyun O, Ibrahim H. In Vitro Antimicrobial Studies of Some Major Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Strychnos innocua (Delile) Root Bark. Steroids 2023; 195:109241. [PMID: 37068701 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant based therapies are very essential in modern medicine, and have long been used to cure and prevent chronic diseases in many parts of the world. Medicinal herbs have been shown to have biological properties due to the presence of active compounds. Strychnos innocua, a medicinal plant from Loganiaceae, is commonly consumed for medicinal purposes in various African countries. The need to assess the usefulness of the plant's root bark in the treatment of disease spurred this study, which involved the isolation of six bioactive compounds and screening for antimicrobial properties against some pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. Chromatography separation led to first time isolation of Umbelliferone (1), Linalool (2), Nerolidol (3), Campesterol (4), β-sitosterol (5), and 2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol (6). GC-MS and NMR spectra, as well as comparisons with published data, were used to determine their structures. The compounds exhibited strong antimicrobial activity comparable to ciprofloxacin and fluconazole against MRSA, B. subtilis, S. pyogenes, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhii, A. fumigatus, C. albicans, C. krusei, and A. nigre. The MIC as well as the MBC/MFC were determined. In conclusion, the compounds (1 - 6) isolated from S. innocua root bark have remarkable antibacterial action against pathogenic microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jibrin Uttu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Hamisu Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Linalool against Hafnia alvei, its antibacterial mechanism revealed by metabolomic analyses. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Deciphering the antibacterial mechanism of monocaprin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and its application in pork preservation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
19
|
Tian B, Liu J, Yang W, Wan JB. Biopolymer Food Packaging Films Incorporated with Essential Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1325-1347. [PMID: 36628408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum-based packaging materials are typically nonbiodegradable, which leads to significant adverse environmental and health issues. Therefore, developing novel efficient, biodegradable, and nontoxic food packaging film materials has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Due to significant research and advanced technology, synthetic additives in packaging materials are progressively replaced with natural substances such as essential oils (EOs). EOs demonstrate favorable antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which would be an economical and effective alternative to synthetic additives. This review summarized the possible antioxidant and antimicrobial mechanisms of various EOs. We analyzed the properties and performance of food packaging films based on various biopolymers incorporated with EOs. The progress in intelligent packaging materials has been discussed as a prospect of food packaging materials. Finally, the current challenges regarding the practical application of EOs-containing biopolymer films in food packaging and areas of future research have been summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingren Tian
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wanzhexi Yang
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, Macau SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Coșeriu RL, Vintilă C, Pribac M, Mare AD, Ciurea CN, Togănel RO, Cighir A, Simion A, Man A. Antibacterial Effect of 16 Essential Oils and Modulation of mex Efflux Pumps Gene Expression on Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates: Is Cinnamon a Good Fighter? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:163. [PMID: 36671364 PMCID: PMC9854426 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to describe the antimicrobial activity of 16 common essential oils (EOs) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, including the determination of the effects on mex efflux pumps gene expression. Seventy-two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected between 2020-2022 were screened for susceptibility to EOs using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion to identify potential candidates for future alternative therapies. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was further determined for the EO that proved antibacterial activity following the disk diffusion screening. Positive and negative controls were also used for method validation. Since cinnamon EO exhibited the best antimicrobial activity, it was further used to evaluate its influence on mex A, B, C, E, and X efflux pumps gene expression using real-time RT-PCR. Cinnamon EO inhibited all P. aeruginosa strains, followed by thyme EO (37.5%, n = 27) and lavender EO (12.5%, n = 9). The other EOs were less efficient. The MIC detection showed that cinnamon at a concentration of 0.05% v/v inhibited all MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Thyme, turmeric, peppermint, basil, clove, and lavender EOs presented various results, most of them having activity at concentrations higher than 12.5% v/v. By studying the activity of cinnamon EO on mex efflux pumps, it was found that mexA and mexB (66.5%) were generally under-expressed. The remarkable results produced using the very low concentrations of cinnamon EO, with 100% antimicrobial activity against multi-, extended-, and pan- drug-resistant (MDR, XDR, PDR) P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, completed with the severe alteration of the RNA messaging system, supports its potential to be used as adjuvant treatment, with impact on therapeutic results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan Lucian Coșeriu
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Camelia Vintilă
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Mirela Pribac
- Nutrition & Holistic Health, Holomed, 540272 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Anca Delia Mare
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Radu Ovidiu Togănel
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Anca Cighir
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Anastasia Simion
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adrian Man
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of canthin-6-one against Staphylococcus aureus and its application on beef preservation. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
22
|
He R, Zhong Q, Chen W, Zhang M, Pei J, Chen H, Chen W. Transcriptomic and proteomic investigation of metabolic disruption in Listeria monocytogenes triggered by linalool and its application in chicken breast preservation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
23
|
Zhou C, Li C, Cui H, Lin L. Metabolomics insights into the potential of encapsulated essential oils as multifunctional food additives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5143-5160. [PMID: 36454059 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2151974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing consumer concern about foodborne disease outbreaks and health risks associated with chemical additives has propelled the usage of essential oils (EOs) as novel food additives, but are limited by instability. In this regard, a series of EOs nano/micro-capsules have been widely used to enhance their stability and improve food quality. However, classical food quality assessment methods are insufficient to fully characterize the effects of encapsulated EOs on food properties, including physical, biochemical, organoleptic, and microbial changes. Recently, the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing is accelerating the application of metabolomics in food safety and quality analysis. This review seeks to present the most recent achievements in the application of non-targeted metabolomics to identify and quantify the overall metabolite profile associated with food quality, which can guide the development of emerging food preservation technologies. The scientific findings confirm that metabolomics opens up exciting prospects for biomarker screening in food preservation and contributes to an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of action (MoA) of EOs. Future research should focus on constructing food quality assessment criteria based on multi-omics technologies, which will drive the standardization and commercialization of EOs for food industry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqian Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Characterization of the action of the lipid oxidation product 4-hydroxyhexenal on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, the dominant bacterium in dry-cured fish. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
25
|
Unraveling the antibacterial mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MY2 cell-free supernatants against Aeromonas hydrophila ST3 and potential application in raw tuna. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Su R, Bai X, Liu X, Song L, Liu X, Zhan X, Guo D, Wang Y, Chang Y, Shi C. Antibacterial Mechanism of Eugenol Against Shigella sonnei and Its Antibacterial Application in Lettuce Juice. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:779-786. [PMID: 36367551 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella sonnei is a species of Shigella, and the infection rate of S. sonnei is increasing year by year. Eugenol is an active ingredient in clove essential oil and is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS)-certified food ingredient. The mechanism of inhibition of S. sonnei by eugenol has been investigated in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration of eugenol against both S. sonnei ATCC 25931 and S. sonnei CMCC 51592 was 0.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for both strains was 0.8 mg/mL. The inhibition effect of eugenol against S. sonnei was due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species in cells, changed cell membrane permeability, and induced cell membrane dysfunction, for instance, cell membrane hyperpolarization and intracellular ATP concentration drops. The results of confocal laser scanning microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that eugenol leads to decreased cell membrane integrity, resulting in changed cell morphology. Moreover, eugenol inactivated S. sonnei in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and lettuce juice. These results indicated that eugenol could inactivate S. sonnei and has the potential to control S. sonnei in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangyang Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Luyi Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yutang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunhe Chang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Respiratory Depression as Antibacterial Mechanism of Linalool against Pseudomonas fragi Based on Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911586. [PMID: 36232887 PMCID: PMC9570108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Linalool showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, but few studies have elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of linalool on Pseudomonas fragi (P. fragi) to date. The present study aimed to uncover the antimicrobial activity and potential mechanism of linalool against P. fragi by determining key enzyme activities and metabolites combined with a high-throughput method and metabolomic pathway analysis. As a result, linalool had excellent inhibitory activity against P. fragi with MIC of 1.5 mL/L. In addition, the presence of linalool significantly altered the intracellular metabolic profile and a total of 346 differential metabolites were identified, of which 201 were up-regulated and 145 were down-regulated. The highlight pathways included beta-alanine metabolism, pantothenic acid and CoA metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Overall, linalool could cause metabolic disorders in cells, and the main metabolic pathways involved energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. In particular, the results of intracellular ATP content and related enzymatic activities (ATPase, SDH, and GOT) also highlighted that energy limitation and amino acid disturbance occurred intracellularly. Together, these findings provided new insights into the mechanism by which linalool inhibited P. fragi and theoretical guidance for its development as a natural preservative.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cai Y, Zou G, Xi M, Hou Y, Shen H, Ao J, Li M, Wang J, Luo A. Juglone Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 by Targeting Cell Membrane and Protein. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172558. [PMID: 36076744 PMCID: PMC9455723 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes is a major global food safety problem. A potential solution is the antimicrobial development of the highly bioactive natural product juglone, yet few studies exist on its antibacterial mechanism against L. monocytogenes. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of action of juglone against L. monocytogenes by determining the resultant cell morphology, membrane permeability, membrane integrity, and proteome changes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of juglone against L. monocytogenes was 50 μg/mL, and L. monocytogenes treated with juglone had longer lag phases compared to controls. Juglone induced L. monocytogenes cell dysfunction, leakage of potassium ions, and membrane potential hyperpolarization. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and field-emission-gun scanning electron microscope assays revealed clear membrane damage due to juglone treatment. Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that L. monocytogenes responded to juglone by some conformational and compositional changes in the molecular makeup of the cell membrane. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that juglone either destroyed proteins or inhibited proteins synthesis in L. monocytogenes. Therefore, our findings established juglone as a natural antibacterial agent with potential to control foodborne L. monocytogenes infections.
Collapse
|
29
|
Effects of Rubus fruticosus and Juniperus oxycedrus derivatives on culturability and viability of Listeria monocytogenes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13158. [PMID: 35915316 PMCID: PMC9343658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumers' demand for safe foods without chemical additives increased the research for green solutions, based on natural antimicrobials. Plants can be an important source of bioactive compounds able to prevent the development of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microflora. This paper aimed to characterize phenolic extracts (PEs) and essential oils (EOs) obtained from Mediterranean Rubus fruticosus leaves and Juniperus oxycedrus needles and to evaluate their antimicrobial effects against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. The growth dynamics with sub-lethal concentrations of plant derivatives were modeled and flow cytometry was used to better evidence the effect on cell viability and culturability. The results showed that these plant derivatives affected the growth of L. monocytogenes, increasing lag phase (about 40 h in the presence of PEs vs. 8 h in the control) and decreasing the final cell load of at least 1 log cycle with respect to the control. R. fruticosus EO was the most effective, determining an initial decrease of cell counts of about 6 log cycles, followed by a restart of growth after 10 h, with rate similar to the control (0.08 with R. fruticosus EO vs. 0.09 ((log CFU/ml)/h in the control) but significantly lower final cell load (7.33 vs. 8.92 log CFU/ml). According to flow cytometry, only R. fruticosus EO induced a relevant increase of dead cells, while the other plant derivatives determined different extent of sub-lethal cell injury. The discrepancy observed in some cases between viability and culturability could indicate the presence of cells not able to grow in culture media, whose fate needs to be further investigated to assess their potential recovery, thus bringing to an overestimation of the antimicrobial effect of these substances. This research contributed to increase the knowledge of these underused raw materials such as blackberry leaves and juniper needles that can be exploited in food and other industries.
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Y, Ren F, Chen D, Chen H, Chen W. Antibacterial Mechanism of Linalool against Pseudomonas fragi: A Transcriptomic Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142058. [PMID: 35885301 PMCID: PMC9323977 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fragi is the dominant spoilage bacterium that causes the deterioration of chilled meat. Our previous study showed that linalool has potent antibacterial activity against P. fragi, but its antibacterial mechanism is unclear. To explore the antibacterial mechanism of linalool against P. fragi, this study used RNA-seq technology to perform transcriptome analysis of P. fragi samples with or without linalool treatment (1.5 mL/L) for 2 h. The results showed that linalool treatment disrupted the extracellular lipopolysaccharide synthesis pathway in P. fragi and activated fatty acid metabolism and ribosomal function to compensate for cell membrane damage. The energy metabolism of P. fragi was severely disturbed by linalool, and multiple ATP synthases and ATP transportases were overexpressed in the cells but could not guarantee the consumption of ATP. The simultaneous overexpression of multiple ribosomal functional proteins and transporters may also place an additional burden on cells and cause them to collapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Li
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.L.); (D.C.)
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (F.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Fei Ren
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (F.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Da Chen
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.L.); (D.C.)
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Civil Aviation Energy Environment and Green Development, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (F.R.); (W.C.)
- Innovation Department, Hainan Province Hochung Corporation Areca-Nut Deep Processing Technology Research Institute, 45 Yuesong Road, Dingan 571299, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0898-6625-6495
| | - Wenxue Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (F.R.); (W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Antimicrobial mechanism of linalool against Brochothrix thermosphacta and its application on chilled beef. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111407. [PMID: 35761661 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to explore the antibacterial ability and potential mechanism of linalool against Brochothrix thermosphacta (B. thermosphacta), providing knowledge of the preservation of chilled beef with linalool. The results found that linalool had an encouraging inhibitory effect on B. thermosphacta with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.5 mL/L. Results of FESEM and zeta potential combined with probe labeling confirmed that linalool destroyed the cell structure thereby causing the leakage of intracellular components (AKP, protein, nucleic acid and ion). In addition, linalool caused respiratory disturbance by measuring the key enzyme activities including PK, SDH, MDH and ATPase. Energy limitation also appeared under linalool stress as seen from changes in ATP content (decreased by 56.06% and 69.24% in MIC and 2MIC groups, respectively). The respiratory inhibition rate of linalool to B. thermosphacta was 23.58% and the superposing rate with malonic acid was minimal (35.52%), suggesting that respiratory depression was mainly caused by the TCA cycle. Furthermore, accumulation of ROS and increase in MDA content (increased by 71.17% and 78.03% in MIC and 2MIC groups, respectively) accompanied by decreased activities of detoxification enzymes CAT and POD suggested that oxidative stress contributed to the bactericidal mechanism. Finally, linalool has been shown to effectively inhibit quality deterioration of chilled beef during storage by measuring pH, TVB-N and TVC without affecting sensory acceptability. All these highlight the great promise of using linalool as natural preservative for food industry.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li C, Zhang C, Chen X, Cui H, Lin L. The Interference Mechanism of Basil Essential Oil on the Cell Membrane Barrier and Respiratory Metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855905. [PMID: 35432237 PMCID: PMC9010862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to prevent food-borne diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) safely and effectively, plant essential oils that have no toxic side effects and are not prone to drug resistance have become the focus of research. This article takes basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil (BEO) as the research object and explores its antibacterial mechanism against L. monocytogenes. The site of action was preliminarily determined to provide a theoretical basis for the development of natural antibacterial agents. The results show that BEO has good antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes. After 8 h of treatment with BEO (1 mg/ml), the number of remaining bacteria reached an undetectable level. Combining spectroscopic analysis techniques (Raman, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy) and fluorescence microscopy imaging techniques, it was found that BEO increased the disorder of the hydrocarbyl chain of phospholipid tail, which in turn led to increased cell membrane permeability, thereby causing the leakage of intracellular proteins and DNA. Meanwhile, respiratory metabolism experiments showed that BEO inhibited the EMP pathway by inhibiting the activity of key enzymes. From the molecular docking results, this inhibition may be attributed to the hydrophobic interaction between α-bergamotene and the amino acid residues of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK). In addition, BEO can also cause oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may also be related to the damage of cell membranes and enzymes related to respiratory metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Haiying Cui,
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang W, Margarita GE, Wu D, Yuan W, Yan S, Qi S, Xue X, Wang K, Wu L. Antibacterial Activity of Chinese Red Propolis against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. Molecules 2022; 27:1693. [PMID: 35268793 PMCID: PMC8911571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of propolis has long been of great interest, and the chemical composition of propolis is directly dependent on its source. We recently obtained a type of propolis from China with a red color. Firstly, the antibacterial properties of this unusual propolis were determined against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Studies on its composition identified and quantified 14 main polyphenols of Chinese red propolis extracts (RPE); quantification was carried out using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS/MS) and RPE was found to be rich in pinobanksin, pinobanksin-3-acetate, and chrysin. In vitro investigations of its antibacterial activity revealed that its activity against S. aureus and MRSA is due to disruption of the cell wall and cell membrane, which then inhibits bacterial growth. Despite its similar antibacterial activities against S. aureus and MRSA, metabolomic analysis further revealed the effects of RPE on bacteria metabolism were different. The untargeted metabolomic results showed that a total of 7 metabolites in 12 metabolic pathways had significant changes (Fold change > 2, p < 0.05 *) after RPE treatment in S. aureus, while 11 metabolites in 9 metabolic pathways had significant changes (Fold change > 2, p < 0.05 *) after RPE treated on MRSA. Furthermore, RPE downregulated several specific genes related to bacterial biofilm formation, autolysis, cell wall synthesis, and bacterial virulence in MRSA. In conclusion, the data obtained indicate that RPE may be a promising therapeutic agent against S. aureus and MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Q.); (X.X.)
| | | | - Di Wu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultrual University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Wenqin Yuan
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Sha Yan
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Q.); (X.X.)
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Q.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Q.); (X.X.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Q.); (X.X.)
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Q.); (X.X.)
| |
Collapse
|