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Effect of fat replacement by inulin on the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of low-fat margarine. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Khalid SA, Musa A, Saeed A, Elkhair Ali Ali N, Abugroun EA, Mohamed G, Elnima EI, Alkarib SY, Gbir Agib E, Phillips GO, Phillips AO. Gum Arabic in renal disease (GARDS Study): Clinical evidence of dietary supplementation impact on progression of renal dysfunction. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Cronin P, Joyce SA, O’Toole PW, O’Connor EM. Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051655. [PMID: 34068353 PMCID: PMC8153313 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibre has long been established as a nutritionally important, health-promoting food ingredient. Modern dietary practices have seen a significant reduction in fibre consumption compared with ancestral habits. This is related to the emergence of low-fibre “Western diets” associated with industrialised nations, and is linked to an increased prevalence of gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The characteristic metabolic parameters of these individuals include insulin resistance, high fasting and postprandial glucose, as well as high plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Gut microbial signatures are also altered significantly in these cohorts, suggesting a causative link between diet, microbes and disease. Dietary fibre consumption has been hypothesised to reverse these changes through microbial fermentation and the subsequent production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which improves glucose and lipid parameters in individuals who harbour diseases associated with dysfunctional metabolism. This review article examines how different types of dietary fibre can differentially alter glucose and lipid metabolism through changes in gut microbiota composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
| | - Susan A. Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Eibhlís M. O’Connor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Larson R, Nelson C, Korczak R, Willis H, Erickson J, Wang Q, Slavin J. Acacia Gum Is Well Tolerated While Increasing Satiety and Lowering Peak Blood Glucose Response in Healthy Human Subjects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020618. [PMID: 33672963 PMCID: PMC7918852 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia gum (AG) is a non-viscous soluble fiber that is easily incorporated into beverages and foods. To determine its physiological effects in healthy human subjects, we fed 0, 20, and 40 g of acacia gum in orange juice along with a bagel and cream cheese after a 12 h fast and compared satiety, glycemic response, gastrointestinal tolerance, and food intake among treatments. Subjects (n = 48) reported less hunger and greater fullness at 15 min (p = 0.019 and 0.003, respectively) and 240 min (p = 0.036 and 0.05, respectively) after breakfast with the 40 g fiber treatment. They also reported being more satisfied at 15 min (p = 0.011) and less hungry with the 40 g fiber treatment at 30 min (p = 0.012). Subjects reported more bloating, flatulence, and GI rumbling on the 40 g fiber treatment compared to control, although values for GI tolerance were all low with AG treatment. No significant differences were found in area under the curve (AUC) or change from baseline for blood glucose response, although actual blood glucose with 20 g fiber at 30 min was significantly less than control. Individuals varied greatly in their postprandial glucose response to all treatments. AG improves satiety response and may lower peak glucose response at certain timepoints, and it is well tolerated in healthy human subjects. AG can be added to beverages and foods in doses that can help meet fiber recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Larson
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Courtney Nelson
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Renee Korczak
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Holly Willis
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Jennifer Erickson
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA;
| | - Joanne Slavin
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
- Correspondence:
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The Ameliorative Role of Acacia senegal Gum against the Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by the Radiographic Contrast Medium (Ioxitalamate) in Albino Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020221. [PMID: 33540787 PMCID: PMC7912984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabic gum (Acacia senegal, AG) is proven effective antioxidant and cytoprotective agent. The present study was designed to test this notion by investigating the possible role of AG against the radiographic contrast medium (Ioxitalamate, Telebrix-35®, TBX)-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Albino rats were divided into four groups and supplied with either; distilled water, daily 10% (w/v) AG, an intravenous dose of TBX (1600 mg I/kg b.wt) and co-administration of TBX and AG. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to assess the genotoxicity employing the peripheral blood leucocytes fluorescent double staining; namely the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and alkaline comet assay. Further, chromosomal analyses were done in bone marrow cells. Serum urea and creatinine levels, in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney tissues were measured. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS-MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of AG extract. Kidney functions, single/double-stranded DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index, MDA and NO levels were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in TBX-treated group compared to the control and AG-treated one. Meanwhile, CAT and GSH activities were significantly diminished and the AG supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated these effects compared with the control and AG-treated groups. Five compounds have been identified using GNPS networking including 7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, Noscapine, Tetrahydropapaveroline, Costunolide, Hesperidin. In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that AG exerted a protective role against TBX-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity which may be attributed to the active metabolites in the gum.
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The Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010194. [PMID: 33435475 PMCID: PMC7826716 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gum Arabic (GA) is a widely-used additive in food processing, but is also historically used in a number of traditional therapies. It has been shown to have a broad range of health benefits, particularly in improving important cardiovascular risk indicators. Metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiac outcomes are a significant burden on modern healthcare systems, and complementary interventions to aid in its management are required. We aimed to examine the effect of GA on those with, or at risk of, metabolic syndrome to identify an effect on improving important disease parameters related to cardiovascular outcomes. A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to identify the effects of daily GA supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 80 participants were randomized to receive 20 g of GA daily (n = 40) or placebo (1 g pectin, n = 40) for 12 weeks. Key endpoints included body-anthropometric indices, diet and physical activity assessment, and blood chemistry (HbA1c, fasting glucose, and blood lipids). Of the 80 enrolled, 61 completed the study (intervention: 31, control: 30) with 19 dropping out due to poor treatment compliance. After 12 weeks, the participants receiving the GA showed significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fat-free body mass, energy and carbohydrate consumption, and fasting plasma glucose, as well as increased intake of dietary fiber. They also reported improvements in self-perceived bloating and quality of bowel movements, as well as a decreased appetite score following GA consumption. These results suggest that GA could be a safe and beneficial adjunct to other treatments for those with, or at risk of, metabolic syndrome.
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Malik N, Muttakin S, Lopez-Quiroga E, Watson N, Fryer P, Bakalis S, Gouseti O. Microstructure and reconstitution of freeze-dried gum Arabic at a range of concentrations and primary drying temperatures. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Armet AM, Deehan EC, Thöne JV, Hewko SJ, Walter J. The Effect of Isolated and Synthetic Dietary Fibers on Markers of Metabolic Diseases in Human Intervention Studies: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:420-438. [PMID: 31342059 PMCID: PMC7442353 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies provide strong evidence for the health benefits of dietary fiber (DF) intake; however, human intervention studies that supplement isolated and synthetic DFs have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the effects of DF supplementation on immunometabolic disease markers in intervention studies in healthy adults, and considered the role of DF dose, DF physicochemical properties, intervention duration, and the placebo used. Five databases were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2018 that assessed the effect of DF on immunometabolic markers. Eligible studies were those that supplemented isolated or synthetic DFs for ≥2 wk and reported baseline data to assess the effect of the placebo. In total, 77 publications were included. DF supplementation reduced total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and insulin AUC in 36-49% of interventions. In contrast, <20% of the interventions reduced C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, glucose, glucose AUC, insulin, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. A higher proportion of interventions showed an effect if they used higher DF doses for CRP, TC, and LDL cholesterol (40-63%), viscous and mixed plant cell wall DFs for TC and LDL cholesterol (>50%), and longer intervention durations for CRP and glucose (50%). Half of the placebo-controlled studies used digestible carbohydrates as the placebo, which confounded findings for IL-6, glucose AUC, and insulin AUC. In conclusion, interventions with isolated and synthetic DFs resulted mainly in improved cholesterol concentrations and an attenuation of insulin resistance, whereas markers of dysglycemia and inflammation were largely unaffected. Although more research is needed to make reliable recommendations, a more targeted supplementation of DF with specific physicochemical properties at higher doses and for longer durations shows promise in enhancing several of its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa M Armet
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward C Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Address correspondence to ECD (e-mail: )
| | - Julia V Thöne
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Medical Department, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah J Hewko
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Address correspondence to JW (e-mail: )
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Elnour AAM, Mirghani MES, Kabbashi NA, Alam MZ, Musa KH. Active Fractions of Methanol Crude Obtained from Acacia seyal gum: Antioxidant Capacity, using FTIR Analysis. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2019. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v2i2.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is on Acacia seyal gum (ASG), which is an exudate from Talha tree. It provides a rich source of polyphenolics compounds that are used traditionally in folk medicine. The study aims to determine the antioxidant capacity (AC) and functional groups of ASG and Prebio-T-commercial (PTC) samples. The methanol crude extracts of both ASG and PTC have fractioned into chloroform (CHF), hexane (HF), acetone (AF) and methanol (MF) using solvent-solvent portion. Both ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays for each fraction examined. Crude methanol extracts (CME) and its active compositions also analysed carefully using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The findings presented a wide variety of functional groups provided by the FTIR spectra (eights bands approximately. Regarding cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the methanol crude extracts values are 888.6�4.57 mg TE/100g extract, for PTC as compared to 474.3� 2.23 mg TE/100g of extract for ASG. However, both methanol and acetone fractions revealed significantly (p = 0.05) high FRAP values ranged between 599.8�7.5 and 741.8�5.8 mg TE/100g fraction; for PTC and ASG, respectively. While CUPRAC showed insignificant (p = 0.05) same values 356.1�2.62 mg TE/100g of fraction; for MF of both PTC and ASG respectively. Therefore, in this study, methanolic fractions (MFs) are found to be more effective than acetone fractions (AFs), except for CHF and HF. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the active fraction has provided some evidence regarding its functional groups which may have used in traditional medicine.
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Tahir HE, Xiaobo Z, Mahunu GK, Arslan M, Abdalhai M, Zhihua L. Recent developments in gum edible coating applications for fruits and vegetables preservation: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chemistry, Biological, and Pharmacological Properties of Gum Arabic. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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García-Martínez E, Andújar I, Yuste Del Carmen A, Prohens J, Martínez-Navarrete N. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of freeze-dried grapefruit phenolics as affected by gum arabic and bamboo fibre addition and microwave pretreatment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3076-3083. [PMID: 29194637 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that phenolic compounds present in grapefruit play an important role in the bioactive properties of this fruit. However, the consumption of fresh grapefruit is low. Freeze-dried powdered grapefruit can be an alternative to promote this fruit consumption. To improve the quality and stability of the powdered fruit, encapsulating and anticaking agents can be added. In the present study, different grapefruit powders obtained by freeze-drying with the addition of gum arabic (1.27 g per 100 g) and bamboo fibre (0.76 g per 100 g) with and without a pre-drying microwave treatment were compared with the fresh and freeze-dried fruit with no carriers added, aiming to evaluate the effect of these preservation processes on phenolics content and on its antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)] and anti-inflamatory (evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages) capacities. RESULTS Freeze-drying and gum arabic and bamboo fibre addition significantly increased total phenolics, as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (by inhibiting nitric oxide production of lipopolysaccharide activated RAW 264.7 macrophages), of grapefruit. An additional increase in these parameters was obtained with microwave pretreatment before freeze-drying. CONCLUSIONS The combined addition of gum arabic and bamboo fibre to grapefruit puree and the application of a microwave pretreatment improve the functional properties of the fruit without showing cytotoxicity in vitro. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva García-Martínez
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Alimentaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Andújar
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Yuste Del Carmen
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Alimentaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Martínez-Navarrete
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Alimentaria, Valencia, Spain
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Babiker R, Elmusharaf K, Keogh MB, Saeed AM. Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) supplementation on visceral adiposity index (VAI) and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD): a randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:56. [PMID: 29558953 PMCID: PMC5859434 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong association between cardiometabolic risk and adipose tissue dysfunction with great consequences on type 2 diabetic patients. Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is an indirect clinical marker of adipose tissue dysfunction. Gum Arabic (GA) is a safe dietary fiber, an exudate of Acacia Senegal. Gum Arabic had shown lipid lowering effect in both humans and animals. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of GA supplementation on anthropometric obesity marker, Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial recruited a total of 91 type 2 diabetic patients (73 females, 18 males), age (mean ± SD) 50.09 ± 9.3 years on hypoglycemic agents and were randomly assigned into two groups, either to consume 30 g of GA or 5 g of placebo daily for 3 months. Anthropometric obesity markers were measured and indices were calculated. Blood pressure was measured and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were determined in fasting blood samples at the start and end of the study period. RESULTS After intervention, Gum Arabic decreased BMI and VAI significantly (P < 0.05) in GA group by 2 and 23.7% respectively. Body adiposity index significantly decreased by 3.9% in GA group while there were no significant changes in waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased by 7.6% in GA group and by 2.7% in placebo group from baseline with no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in the two groups. CONCLUSION Gum Arabic consumption at a dose of 30 g/d for 3 months may play an effective role in preventing weight gain and modulating adipose tissue dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients, although no effect has been shown in waist-to-hip ratio. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial had been registered as prospective interventional clinical trials in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR) PACTR201403000785219 , on 7th March 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Khalifa Elmusharaf
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael B Keogh
- Human Biology & Research Laboratory Manager, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI-Bahrain, P.O Box 15503, Adliya, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amal M Saeed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
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Sowntharya C, Gayathri S, Dhenadayalan N, Vasanthi R, Vanjinathan M, Kumaran R. Photophysical studies of a food hydrocolloid, Gum Arabic with resorcinol based acridinedione dyes in water. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Effect of commercial konjac glucomannan and konjac flours on textural, rheological and microstructural properties of low fat processed cheese. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Patel S, Goyal A. Applications of Natural Polymer Gum Arabic: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.809541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Babiker R, Merghani TH, Elmusharaf K, Badi RM, Lang F, Saeed AM. Effects of Gum Arabic ingestion on body mass index and body fat percentage in healthy adult females: two-arm randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. Nutr J 2012; 11:111. [PMID: 23241359 PMCID: PMC3570285 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gum Arabic (acacia Senegal) is a complex polysaccharide indigestible to both humans and animals. It has been considered as a safe dietary fiber by the United States, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since the 1970s. Although its effects were extensively studied in animals, there is paucity of data regarding its quantified use in humans. This study was conducted to determine effects of regular Gum Arabic (GA) ingestion on body mass index and body fat percentage among healthy adult females. Methods A two-arm randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial was conducted in the Department of Physiology at the Khartoum University. A total of 120 healthy females completed the study. They were divided to two groups: A test group of 60 volunteers receiving GA (30 gm /day) for 6 weeks and a placebo group of 60 volunteers receiving pectin (1 gm/day) for the same period of time. Weight and height were measured before and after intervention using standardized height and weight scales. Skin fold thickness was measured using Harpenden Skin fold caliper. Fat percentage was calculated using Jackson and Pollock 7 caliper method and Siri equation. Results Pre and post analysis among the study group showed significant reduction in BMI by 0.32 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.47; P<0.0001) and body fat percentage by 2.18% (95% CI: 1.54 to 2.83; P<0.0001) following regular intake of 30 gm /day Gum Arabic for six weeks. Side effects caused by GA ingestion were experienced only in the first week. They included unfavorable viscous sensation in the mouth, early morning nausea, mild diarrhea and bloating abdomen. Conclusions GA ingestion causes significant reduction in BMI and body fat percentage among healthy adult females. The effect could be exploited in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Babiker
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Patel S, Goyal A. The current trends and future perspectives of prebiotics research: a review. 3 Biotech 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Fang Y, Al-Assaf S, Phillips GO, Nishinari K, Williams PA. Interaction of Gum Arabic with Fatty Acid Studied Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1398-405. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100219n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Fang
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Center, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom, Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Ltd., 45 Old Bond Street, London W1S 4AQ, United Kingdom, and Centre for Water-Soluble Polymers, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
| | - Saphwan Al-Assaf
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Center, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom, Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Ltd., 45 Old Bond Street, London W1S 4AQ, United Kingdom, and Centre for Water-Soluble Polymers, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn O. Phillips
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Center, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom, Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Ltd., 45 Old Bond Street, London W1S 4AQ, United Kingdom, and Centre for Water-Soluble Polymers, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
| | - Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Center, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom, Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Ltd., 45 Old Bond Street, London W1S 4AQ, United Kingdom, and Centre for Water-Soluble Polymers, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. Williams
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Center, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom, Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Ltd., 45 Old Bond Street, London W1S 4AQ, United Kingdom, and Centre for Water-Soluble Polymers, Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
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