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Chalella Mazzocato M, Jacquier JC. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Food-Grade Immobilisation Systems for Enzymes. Foods 2024; 13:2127. [PMID: 38998633 PMCID: PMC11241248 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of enzyme immobilisation is becoming increasingly popular in beverage processing, as this method offers significant advantages, such as enhanced enzyme performance and expanded applications, while allowing for easy process termination via simple filtration. This literature review analysed approximately 120 articles, published on the Web of Science between 2000 and 2023, focused on enzyme immobilisation systems for beverage processing applications. The impact of immobilisation on enzymatic activity, including the effects on the chemical and kinetic properties, recyclability, and feasibility in continuous processes, was evaluated. Applications of these systems to beverage production, such as wine, beer, fruit juices, milk, and plant-based beverages, were examined. The immobilisation process effectively enhanced the pH and thermal stability but caused negative impacts on the kinetic properties by reducing the maximum velocity and Michaelis-Menten constant. However, it allowed for multiple reuses and facilitated continuous flow processes. The encapsulation also allowed for easy process control by simplifying the removal of the enzymes from the beverages via simple filtration, negating the need for expensive heat treatments, which could result in product quality losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Chalella Mazzocato
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-Christophe Jacquier
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Abdelaziz SA, Ahmed EM, Sadek M. Synthesis of homologous series of surfactants from renewable resources, structure-properties relationship, surface active performance, evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer potentialities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13201. [PMID: 38851845 PMCID: PMC11162424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugar esters display surface-active properties, wetting, emulsifying, and other physicochemical phenomena following their amphipathic nature and recognize distinct biological activity. The development of nutritional pharmaceuticals and other applications remains of great interest. Herein, three novel homologous series of several N-mono-fatty acyl amino acid glucosyl esters were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties and biological activities were evaluated. The design and preparation of these esters were chemically performed via the reaction of glucose with different fatty acyl amino acids as renewable starting materials, with the suggestion that they would acquire functional characteristics superior and competitive to certain conventional surfactants. The synthesized products are characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Further, their physicochemical properties, such as HLB, CMC, Γmax, γCMC, and Amin, were determined. Additionally, their antimicrobial and anticancer efficiency were assessed. The results indicate that the esters' molecular structure, including the acyl chain length and the type of amino acid, significantly influences their properties. The measured HLB ranged from 8.84 to 12.27, suggesting their use as oil/water emulsifiers, wetting, and cleansing agents. All esters demonstrate promising surface-active characteristics, with moderate to high foam production with good stability. Notably, compounds 6-O-(N-dodecanoyl, tetradecanoyl cysteine)-glucopyranose (34, 35), respectively and 6-O-(N-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoyl cysteine)-glucopyranose (38) display superior foamability. Wetting efficiency increased with decreasing the chain length of the acyl group. The storage results reveal that increasing the fatty acyl hydrophobe length enhances the derived emulsion's stability for up to 63 days. Particularly, including cysteine in these glucosyl esters improves wetting, foaming, and emulsifying potentialities. Furthermore, the esters exhibit antibacterial activity against several tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. On the other hand, they show significant antiproliferative effects on some liver tumor cell lines. For instance, compounds 6-O-(N-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoylglycine)-glucopyranose (28), 6-O-(N-dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, 9-octadecenoyl and 12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoylvaline)- glucopyranose (29, 31, 32 and 33), respectively in addition to the dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, 9-octadecenoyl and 12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoyl cysteine glucopyranose (34, 36, 37 and 38), respectively significantly inhibit the examined cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Abdelaziz
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Entesar M Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Lima PJM, da Silva RM, Neto CACG, Gomes E Silva NC, Souza JEDS, Nunes YL, Sousa Dos Santos JC. An overview on the conversion of glycerol to value-added industrial products via chemical and biochemical routes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2794-2818. [PMID: 33481298 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol is a common by-product of industrial biodiesel syntheses. Due to its properties, availability, and versatility, residual glycerol can be used as a raw material in the production of high value-added industrial inputs and outputs. In particular, products like hydrogen, propylene glycol, acrolein, epichlorohydrin, dioxalane and dioxane, glycerol carbonate, n-butanol, citric acid, ethanol, butanol, propionic acid, (mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols), cynamoil esters, glycerol acetate, benzoic acid, and other applications. In this context, the present study presents a critical evaluation of the innovative technologies based on the use of residual glycerol in different industries, including the pharmaceutical, textile, food, cosmetic, and energy sectors. Chemical and biochemical catalysts in the transformation of residual glycerol are explored, along with the factors to be considered regarding the choice of catalyst route used in the conversion process, aiming at improving the production of these industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jéssyca Morais Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rhonyele Maciel da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - IEDS, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - IEDS, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE, Brazil
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4
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Karami M, Faraji AR, Saremnezhad S, Soltani M. Synthesis and characterization of a lactose-based biosurfactant by a novel nanodendritic catalyst and evaluating its efficacy as an emulsifier in a food emulsion system. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32280-32296. [PMID: 36425678 PMCID: PMC9647696 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonionic lactose fatty acid esters are a class of synthetic biosurfactants with various uses in the food, pharmaceutical, personal care, and cosmetic industries. The objective of this research was the preparation and full characterization of a series of novel metallic encapsulated magnetic core/dendrimer shell composites as catalysts (CoII/MnII G2.0L1/2@SCMBNP) and their use in the chemo- and regioselective synthesis of a biosurfactant for the first time. Surface-active properties (such as contact angle (CA), surface tension (SFT), interfacial tension (IFT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), foamability (FA) & foam stability (FS), emulsion ability (EmA) & emulsion stability (EmS), surface excess (Γ) and free energy of adsorption (ΔG) were also determined for all synthesized biosurfactants. In comparison to other works, these results suggested that the synthesized lactose fatty acid esters have potential application as synthetic emulsifiers featuring surface properties and are comparable with Ryoto sugar ester L-1695 (sucrose laurate) & Tween-20 (polysorbate 20) as industrial emulsifiers. The optimized conditions for biosurfactant syntheses are 8 days at 2 : 1 molar ratio of lactose sugar to lauric acid at 50 °C. Lactose ester as a biosurfactant exhibited a decrease of SFT & IFT and was able to stabilize a 20% soybean O/W emulsion. Furthermore, high conversion & yield, excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, and high operational stability over 5 runs were achieved for CoII/MnII-G2.0L1/2@SCMBNP, indicating the suitable efficiency of the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Reza Faraji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Solmaz Saremnezhad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Soltani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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Monday Abel Otache, Duru RU, Ozioma A, Abayeh JO. Catalytic Methods for the Synthesis of Sugar Esters. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050422010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Tiboni M, Elmowafy E, El-Derany MO, Benedetti S, Campana R, Verboni M, Potenza L, Palma F, Citterio B, Sisti M, Duranti A, Lucarini S, Soliman ME, Casettari L. A combination of sugar esters and chitosan to promote in vivo wound care. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121508. [PMID: 35123002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers are exploring innovative green materials fabricated from renewable natural substances to meet formulation needs. Among them, biopolymers like chitosans and biosurfactants such as sugar fatty acid esters are of potential interest due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, and cost-effectiveness. Both classes of biocompounds possess the ability to be efficiently employed in wound dressing to help physiological wound healing, which is a bioprocess involving uncontrolled oxidative damage and inflammation, with an associated high risk of infection. In this work, we synthesized two different sugar esters (i.e., lactose linoleate and lactose linolenate) that, in combination with chitosan and sucrose laurate, were evaluated in vitro for their cytocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities and in vivo as wound care agents. Emphasis on Wnt/β-catenin associated machineries was also set. The newly designed lactose esters, sucrose ester, and chitosan possessed sole biological attributes, entailing considerable blending for convenient formulation of wound care products. In particular, the mixture composed of sucrose laurate (200 µM), lactose linoleate (100 µM), and chitosan (1%) assured its superiority in terms of efficient wound healing prospects in vivo together with the restoring of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, compared with the marketed wound healing product (Healosol®), and single components as well. This innovative combination of biomaterials applied as wound dressing could effectively break new ground in skin wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Enas Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazzamet Elwehda Elafrikeya Street, Abbaseyya, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazzamet Elwehda Elafrikeya Street, Abbaseyya, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Serena Benedetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Michele Verboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Francesco Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Barbara Citterio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Maurizio Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazzamet Elwehda Elafrikeya Street, Abbaseyya, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
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7
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Zhu JP, Liang MY, Ma YR, White LV, Banwell MG, Teng Y, Lan P. Enzymatic synthesis of an homologous series of long- and very long-chain sucrose esters and evaluation of their emulsifying and biological properties. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Gore AJ, Bhagwat SS, Mhaskar S, Saxena S. Determination of required HLB value and emulsifiers for the preparation of water in coconut oil emulsions for application in food process industries. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.2016438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol Jayavant Gore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, India
| | - Sunil Subhash Bhagwat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, India
| | - Sudhakar Mhaskar
- Research and Development Department, Marico Limited, Andheri, India
| | - Sachin Saxena
- Research and Development Department, Marico Limited, Andheri, India
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9
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Stabilization and operational selectivity alteration of Lipozyme 435 by its coating with polyethyleneimine: Comparison of the biocatalyst performance in the synthesis of xylose fatty esters. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:665-674. [PMID: 34656534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Differently modified Lipozyme 435 (L435) (immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica) preparations were used as biocatalysts in the esterification reaction to synthesize sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) from xylose (acyl acceptor) and lauric/palmitic acids (acyl donors) in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solvent. The L435 treatment with polyethyleneimine (PEI) (2; 25; and 750 KDa) prevented the enzyme leakage in the crude sugar ester reaction product. The 2 KDa PEI coating of this enzyme preparation produced the highest enzyme stability in MEK, buffer solutions (pHs 5 and 7), and methanol aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7. Using an excess of the acyl donor (1:5 xylose: fatty acid molar ratio), high xylose conversions (70-84%) were obtained after 24 h-reaction using both, non-modified and PEI (2 KDa) coated L435, but the PEI treated biocatalyst afforded a higher xylose modification degree. After 5 reuse cycles with the L435 coated with PEI 2 KDa, the xylose conversions only decreased 10%, while with the non-treated biocatalyst they decreased by 37%. The formation of SFAEs was confirmed by mass spectrometry, which showed the presence of xylose mono-, di-, and triesters. They exhibited emulsion capacities close to that of a commercial sucrose monolaurate.
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Rojas Sterling JC, Ortega JO, Metzker G, Boscolo M, Mora Vargas JA. Fast and selective synthesis of mono-substituted sucrose methacrylate ester monomer. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108465. [PMID: 34741879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose methacrylate (SM) is a key monomer for synthesizing biocompatible polymers with a carbohydrate core. However, controlled SM synthesis is challenging due to the possible formation of regio-isomers. This study describes SM synthesis that involves ultrasound irradiation of a homogeneous basic medium. The selectivity for mono-substituted SM was 86% within 30 min of reaction. The newly developed methodology is faster and more selective than that of mono-substituted SM synthesis already described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Rojas Sterling
- Universidad Santiago de Cali (USC), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas - Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Julieth Orduña Ortega
- Universidad Santiago de Cali (USC), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas - Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia; Sao Paulo State University (UNESP-IBILCE), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Metzker
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP-IBILCE), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Boscolo
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP-IBILCE), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Andres Mora Vargas
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP-IBILCE), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Yu F, Chen L, Zhang X, Ma L, Wang R, Lu T, Xue C. Influence of diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglycerides on the properties of whey powder–maltodextrin emulsion. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanqianhui Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Lipin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Ruo Wang
- Culinary Teaching and Research Office Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao P.R. China
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Formation of Amphiphilic Molecules from the Most Common Marine Polysaccharides, toward a Sustainable Alternative? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154445. [PMID: 34361598 PMCID: PMC8371489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides are part of the huge seaweeds resources and present many applications for several industries. In order to widen their potential as additives or bioactive compounds, some structural modifications have been studied. Among them, simple hydrophobization reactions have been developed in order to yield to grafted polysaccharides bearing acyl-, aryl-, alkyl-, and alkenyl-groups or fatty acid chains. The resulting polymers are able to present modified physicochemical and/or biological properties of interest in the current pharmaceutical, cosmetics, or food fields. This review covers the chemical structures of the main marine polysaccharides, and then focuses on their structural modifications, and especially on hydrophobization reactions mainly esterification, acylation, alkylation, amidation, or even cross-linking reaction on native hydroxyl-, amine, or carboxylic acid functions. Finally, the question of the necessary requirement for more sustainable processes around these structural modulations of marine polysaccharides is addressed, considering the development of greener technologies applied to traditional polysaccharides.
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Lipozyme 435-Mediated Synthesis of Xylose Oleate in Methyl Ethyl Ketone. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113317. [PMID: 34205848 PMCID: PMC8197991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we have performed the Lipozyme 435-catalyzed synthesis of xylose oleate in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) from xylose and oleic acid. The effects of substrates’ molar ratios, reaction temperature, reaction time on esterification rates, and Lipozyme 435 reuse were studied. Results showed that an excess of oleic acid (xylose: oleic acid molar ratio of 1:5) significantly favored the reaction, yielding 98% of xylose conversion and 31% oleic acid conversion after 24 h-reaction (mainly to xylose mono- and dioleate, as confirmed by mass spectrometry). The highest Lipozyme 435 activities occurred between 55 and 70 °C. The predicted Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetic model fitted very well to the experimental data and there was no evidence of inhibitions in the range assessed. The reaction product was purified and presented an emulsion capacity close to that of a commercial sugar ester detergent. Finally, the repeated use of Lipozyme 435 showed a reduction in the reaction yields (by 48 and 19% in the xylose and oleic acid conversions, respectively), after ten 12 h-cycles.
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Enzymatic synthesis of amphiphilic carbohydrate esters: Influence of physicochemical and biochemical parameters. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00631. [PMID: 34094891 PMCID: PMC8166767 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids, carbohydrate fatty esters or sugar esters are amphiphilic molecules containing hydrophilic groups bonded to hydrophobic parent structures. Recently, glycolipids have shown their antimicrobial and antitumor capacities. Their surface activity properties have applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Sugar esters' building blocks can be obtained from natural resources and/or be transformed by biochemical pathways for uses as surfactants. Biosurfactants are non-ionic, nontoxic, biodegradable, tasteless, and odourless. The biocatalysis of these molecules involves sustainable, green, and safer methods. The advantages of producing biosurfactants from enzymatic catalysis are the energy economy, high selectivity, production of natural products, reduction of the use of fossil-based solvents and chloride compounds. This review presents the most recent studies concerning the evaluation of the impact of the main parameters and their levels influencing the enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids. Various enzyme catalysed synthetic methods were described. The parameters studied were temperature, reaction time, solvent system, type of biocatalyst, substrates molar ratio proportion and the nature of substrates. This review discusses the influence of different biocatalysts in the conversions of glycolipids; The reactivity from mono to polysaccharides and their interaction with fatty acids of different carbon chain lengths in the presence of specific enzymes; The effect of the solvent polarity, the use of multiple solvents, ionic liquids, supercritical CO2, and solvent-free media in sugar ester conversions; And the optimization of temperature and reaction time in different enzymatic systems.
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15
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Tabisz Ł, Piotrowicz Z, Dąbrowska M, Dobrowolska A, Czaczyk K, Nowak I, Łęska B. Sweet surfactants I: Fatty acid esters of sucralose. Food Chem 2021; 358:129827. [PMID: 33933977 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface active agents derived from the non-toxic sweetener sucralose and fatty acids of different chain length were synthesized. Obtained compounds were characterized chemically and with regard to their properties as emulsifying agents, antimicrobial preservatives and fat-soluble sweeteners. Results show that sucralose-fatty acid esters are possible multi-purpose additives, compatible with both cosmetic and edible emulsions, as well as purely oil-based, waterless formulations. Their relative effectiveness in those applications varies, and is highly dependent on the fatty acid chain length, with hydrophobic/hydrophilic character strongly impacting both emulsifying and antimicrobial properties. While the structural differences between sucrose and sucralose proved to be enough to push all of the newly synthesized compounds out of the detergent/solubilizer category of surfactants, the retention of the substrate's high sweetness is an indication that non-bitter compounds with washing capabilities are possible to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Tabisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Piotrowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Dąbrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Dobrowolska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogusława Łęska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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16
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Nunes YL, de Menezes FL, de Sousa IG, Cavalcante ALG, Cavalcante FTT, da Silva Moreira K, de Oliveira ALB, Mota GF, da Silva Souza JE, de Aguiar Falcão IR, Rocha TG, Valério RBR, Fechine PBA, de Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Chemical and physical Chitosan modification for designing enzymatic industrial biocatalysts: How to choose the best strategy? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1124-1170. [PMID: 33864867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymer worldwide, and due to its inherent characteristics, its use in industrial processes has been extensively explored. Because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic, cheap, and has good physical-chemical stability, it is seen as an excellent alternative for the replacement of synthetic materials in the search for more sustainable production methodologies. Thus being, a possible biotechnological application of Chitosan is as a direct support for enzyme immobilization. However, its applicability is quite specific, and to overcome this issue, alternative pretreatments are required, such as chemical and physical modifications to its structure, enabling its use in a wider array of applications. This review aims to present the topic in detail, by exploring and discussing methods of employment of Chitosan in enzymatic immobilization processes with various enzymes, presenting its advantages and disadvantages, as well as listing possible chemical modifications and combinations with other compounds for formulating an ideal support for this purpose. First, we will present Chitosan emphasizing its characteristics that allow its use as enzyme support. Furthermore, we will discuss possible physicochemical modifications that can be made to Chitosan, mentioning the improvements obtained in each process. These discussions will enable a comprehensive comparison between, and an informed choice of, the best technologies concerning enzyme immobilization and the application conditions of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lima de Menezes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isamayra Germano de Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Katerine da Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Barros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Ferreira Mota
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falcão
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Thales Guimaraes Rocha
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussons Rodrigues Valério
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil.
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17
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Fernandes RN, Simiqueli AA, Vidigal MCTR, Minim VPR, Minim LA. Kinetic stability of the oil-in-water emulsions and dynamic interfacial properties of mixtures of sucrose esters and polysaccharides. Food Chem 2021; 357:129693. [PMID: 33882436 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a study of the interfacial properties of oil-in-water emulsions containing sugar esters and polysaccharides. Sucrose fatty acid esters were synthesized using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B. A yield of 53.4% was obtained using 2-methyl-2-butanol and 1:3 M ratio of sucrose:stearic acid. Equilibrium surface tension was 45 mN/m and low critical micellar concentration (CMC) value was obtained (ca. 10 mg/mL), characteristic of non-ionic surfactant. The interfacial properties of mixtures of sucrose esters and polysaccharides, at the oil-water interface were determined using a pendant drop tensiometer. Addition of polysaccharides increased the interfacial tension. Studies of interfacial viscoelasticity showed that the films were predominantly elastic. The presence of polysaccharides in emulsions resulted in flocculated droplets. All the emulsions presented great stability along 28 days with no creaming formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nunes Fernandes
- Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), P.H. Rolfs Avenue, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa Alves Simiqueli
- Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), P.H. Rolfs Avenue, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Paula Rodrigues Minim
- Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), P.H. Rolfs Avenue, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Minim
- Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), P.H. Rolfs Avenue, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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18
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Utilization of dried Japanese apricot and avocado fruit powders as an emulsifying agent: The importance of the powder-dispersed phase in emulsification. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Different strategies for the lipase immobilization on the chitosan based supports and their applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:170-195. [PMID: 33667561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have received incredible interests in industry, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and biochemistry sectors due to their various advantages such as ease of separation, multiple reusability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high activity and resistant to environmental changes. This review in between various immobilized enzymes focuses on lipase as one of the most practical enzyme and chitosan as a preferred biosupport for lipase immobilization and provides a broad range of studies of recent decade. We highlight several aspects of lipase immobilization on the surface of chitosan support containing various types of lipase and immobilization techniques from physical adsorption to covalent bonding and cross-linking with their benefits and drawbacks. The recent advances and future perspectives that can improve the present problems with lipase and chitosan such as high-price of lipase and low mechanical resistance of chitosan are also discussed. According to the literature, optimization of immobilization methods, combination of these methods with other techniques, physical and chemical modifications of chitosan, co-immobilization and protein engineering can be useful as a solution to overcome the mentioned limitations.
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20
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Ishak KA, Fadzil MFA, Annuar MSM. Phase inversion emulsification of different vegetable oils using surfactant mixture of cremophor EL and lipase-synthesized glucose monooleate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Gonçalves MCP, Romanelli JP, Guimarães JR, Vieira AC, de Azevedo BP, Tardioli PW. Reviewing research on the synthesis of CALB-catalyzed sugar esters incorporating systematic mapping principles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:865-878. [PMID: 33645353 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1888071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rigorous evidence reviews must follow specific guidelines designed to improve transparency, reproducibility, and to minimize biases to which traditional reviews are susceptible. While evidence synthesis methods, such as systematic reviews and maps, have been used in several research fields, the majority of reviews published in the realm of chemical engineering are nonsystematic. In this study, we incorporated principles of systematic mapping to conduct a literature review covering research on the synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) with Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Our results showed that the simple monosaccharides were the most cited sugars among studies we conducted. The direct use of renewable raw materials and frequently available resources to produce alternative sugar esters (SE) was scarcely reported in our data set. We found that free fatty acids (FFA) were the most commonly cited acyl donors amongst all publications, with lauric, oleic, and palmitic acids accounting for ∼43% of the occurrences. Tertiary alcohols (ter-butyl alcohol (T-but) and 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B)) and ionic liquids were the most used solvents to synthesize SE. The co-occurence analysis of keywords involving solvent terms showed that most of the papers evaluated different solvents as reaction media (mostly in the form of a bisolvent system), also investigating the impact of their choice on sugar ester productivities. Given the potential of reviews informing us of research decisions, this article reveals trends and spaces across CALB-catalyzed SE synthesis research, in addition to introducing a new methodological perspective for developing reviews in the field of chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Romanelli
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Forest Sciences Department, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Renato Guimarães
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pereira de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Forest Sciences Department, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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22
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Godehard SP, Müller H, Badenhorst CPS, Stanetty C, Suster C, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT. Efficient Acylation of Sugars and Oligosaccharides in Aqueous Environment Using Engineered Acyltransferases. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Godehard
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Müller
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Stanetty
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Suster
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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23
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24
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Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of New Aromatic Esters of Mono- and Oligosaccharides. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and convenient chemoenzymatic route for the synthesis of novel phenolic mono-, di- and oligosaccharide esters is described. Acetal derivatives of glucose, sucrose, lactose and inulin were obtained by chemical synthesis. The fully characterized pure sugar acetals were subjected to enzymatic esterification with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (HPPA) in the presence of Novozyme 435 lipase as a biocatalyst. The aromatic esters of alkyl glycosides and glucose acetal were obtained with good esterification yields, characterized by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR). The synthesis of aromatic esters of disaccharide acetals was successful only for the enzymatic esterification of sucrose acetal. The new chemoenzymatic route allowed the synthesis of novel aromatic esters of inulin as the inulin monoacetal monoester and diester and the inulin diacetal monoester with a polymerization degree of two, as well as the inulin monoacetal monoester with a degree of polymerization of three, were obtained by enzymatic acylation of inulin acetals with HPPA. These compounds could represent a new class of sugar ester surfactants with enhanced bioactivity, antioxidative and antimicrobial properties and with potential application in drug delivery systems.
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25
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Zhao S, Zhang S, Xu J, Hu L. Synthesis and comparative study of emulsifying and biological properties of triazolated glucolipids. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Advances in Recombinant Lipases: Production, Engineering, Immobilization and Application in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are one of the most used enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry due to their efficiency in organic syntheses, mainly in the production of enantiopure drugs. From an industrial viewpoint, the selection of an efficient expression system and host for recombinant lipase production is highly important. The most used hosts are Escherichia coli and Komagataella phaffii (previously known as Pichia pastoris) and less often reported Bacillus and Aspergillus strains. The use of efficient expression systems to overproduce homologous or heterologous lipases often require the use of strong promoters and the co-expression of chaperones. Protein engineering techniques, including rational design and directed evolution, are the most reported strategies for improving lipase characteristics. Additionally, lipases can be immobilized in different supports that enable improved properties and enzyme reuse. Here, we review approaches for strain and protein engineering, immobilization and the application of lipases in the pharmaceutical industry.
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27
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Mora Vargas JA, Orduña Ortega J, Metzker G, Larrahondo JE, Boscolo M. Natural sucrose esters: Perspectives on the chemical and physiological use of an under investigated chemical class of compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112433. [PMID: 32570051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present review describes the chemistry and physiological properties of the sucrose esters (SEs) obtained from natural or synthetic pathways, with emphasis on those that have aliphatic and phenylpropanoid substituents on their sucrose moiety. Synthesis, extraction and characterization methods for the SEs and NSEs are discussed in terms of synthetic procedures, separation techniques and spectroscopic methods. The physiological properties are discussed taking into account the nature of the substituent groups and their regiochemistry (position and number of substitutions) on the sucrose moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Mora Vargas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julieth Orduña Ortega
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidad Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo Metzker
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jesus Eliecer Larrahondo
- Universidad Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | - Mauricio Boscolo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Teng Y, Stewart SG, Hai YW, Li X, Banwell MG, Lan P. Sucrose fatty acid esters: synthesis, emulsifying capacities, biological activities and structure-property profiles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3297-3317. [PMID: 32746632 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The notable physical and chemical properties of sucrose fatty acid esters have prompted their use in the chemical industry, especially as surfactants, since 1939. Recently, their now well-recognized value as nutraceuticals and as additives in cosmetics has significantly increased demand for ready access to them. As such a review of current methods for the preparation of sucrose fatty acid esters by both chemical and enzymatic means is warranted and is presented here together with an account of the historical development of these compounds as surfactants (emulsifiers). The somewhat belated recognition of the antimicrobial, anticancer and insecticidal activities of sucrose esters is also discussed along with a commentary on their structure-property profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglai Teng
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Scott G Stewart
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Wen Hai
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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29
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Trabelsi I, Essid K, Frikha MH. Synthesis of Sucrose Fatty Acid Esters by Using Mixed Carboxylic-fatty Anhydrides. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:693-701. [PMID: 32612019 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid sugar esters are non-ionic surfactant active agents with excellent performance and many uses. This work is devoted to the synthesis of sugar esters by the esterification reaction of sugar with mixed carboxylicpalmitic anhydrides using resin Amberlyst-15 as heterogeneous acid catalyst. These anhydrides should be stable and react as acylating agents. Influence of different reaction parameters, such as the molar ratio (sucrose/anhydride), the type of solvent and the reaction time on the yield of the esterification reaction were studied. The esterification reaction of sucrose with mixed palmitic benzoic anhydride leads to a mixture of sucrose esters of palmitic acid with a good percentage of conversion. The mixed anhydride was both reactive and selective for the preparation of fatty acid ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iteb Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08: Faculty of sciences in Sfax
| | - Kamel Essid
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08: Faculty of sciences in Sfax
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30
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Mathematical modeling of enzymatic syntheses of biosurfactants catalyzed by immobilized lipases. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Coelho ALS, Orlandelli RC. Immobilized microbial lipases in the food industry: a systematic literature review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1689-1703. [PMID: 32423294 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1764489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Several studies describe the immobilization of microbial lipases aiming to evaluate the mechanical/thermal stability of the support/enzyme system, the appropriate method for immobilization, acid and alkaline stability, tolerance to organic solvents and specificity of fatty acids. However, literature reviews focus on application of enzyme/support system in food technology remains scarce. This current systematic literature review aimed to identify, evaluate and interpret available and relevant researches addressing the type of support and immobilization techniques employed over lipases, in order to obtain products for food industry. Fourteen selected articles were used to structure the systematic review, in which the discussion was based on six main groups: (i) synthesis/enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids; (ii) synthesis of structured lipids; (iii) flavors and food coloring; (iv) additives, antioxidants and antimicrobials; (v) synthesis of phytosterol esters and (vi) synthesis of sugar esters. In general, the studies discussed the synthesis of the enzyme/support system and the characteristics: surface area, mass transfer resistance, activity, stability (pH and temperature), and recyclability. Each immobilization technique is applicable for a specific production, depending mainly on the sensitivity and cost of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Silva Coelho
- Specialization course in Biotechnology and Bioprocesses, Graduate Program in Environmental Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ravely Casarotti Orlandelli
- Specialization course in Biotechnology and Bioprocesses, Graduate Program in Environmental Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Center of Humanities and Education Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Paranavaí, PR, Brazil
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32
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Arcens D, Grau E, Grelier S, Cramail H, Peruch F. Impact of Fatty Acid Structure on CALB‐Catalyzed Esterification of Glucose. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Arcens
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR 5629 F‐33600 Pessac France
| | - Etienne Grau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR 5629 F‐33600 Pessac France
| | - Stéphane Grelier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR 5629 F‐33600 Pessac France
| | - Henri Cramail
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR 5629 F‐33600 Pessac France
| | - Frédéric Peruch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR 5629 F‐33600 Pessac France
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33
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Mora Vargas JA, Ortega JO, Dos Santos MBC, Metzker G, Gomes E, Boscolo M. A new synthetic methodology for pyridinic sucrose esters and their antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107957. [PMID: 32109775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Described are the development of a new synthetic method using ultrasonic irradiation and sodium methoxide as catalyst for a series of pyridinic sucrose esters (py-SEs), derived from transesterification of sucrose with picolinic, nicotinic and isonicotinic methyl esters. The reaction was optimized using a 32 x 2 experimental design, the reaction time, temperature and sucrose: methyl ester molar ratio being evaluated. The method proved to be efficient for obtaining monosubstituted esters (≥83%) with high methyl ester consumption (≥79%). The monosubstituted py-SEs were isolated by semipreparative HPLC, characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry, calorimetry, vibrational spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C NMR. The py-SEs were tested against E. coli, S. aureos, and P. aeruginosa bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration values equal or inferior to the reference drugs for both E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Mora Vargas
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julieth Orduña Ortega
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidad Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | | | - Gustavo Metzker
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio Boscolo
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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34
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Arcens D, Le Fer G, Grau E, Grelier S, Cramail H, Peruch F. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids, their polymerization and self-assembly. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of bio-based methacrylated 12-hydroxystearate glucose (MASG), and its (co)polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) by either free- or RAFT radical polymerizations.
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35
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Fernandez-Lorente G, Rocha-Martín J, Guisan JM. Immobilization of Lipases by Adsorption on Hydrophobic Supports: Modulation of Enzyme Properties in Biotransformations in Anhydrous Media. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:143-158. [PMID: 31939121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of lipases on hydrophobic supports is a very easy immobilization protocol and it yields very interesting immobilized lipase derivatives. The open and active form of lipase molecules becomes stabilized by strong adsorption on the support surface. By using very rigid hydrophobic supports (e.g., methacrylate), lipase derivatives are very useful to catalyze biotransformations in fully anhydrous organic media (solvents, solvent-free systems, etc.) and design of continuous flow reactors. In addition to that, the design of different lipase derivatives allows the modulation of functional properties of the derivatives. In this chapter, methodology of immobilization into hydrophobic carriers is described using as case study the preparation of immobilized biocatalysts of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL), and the following particular features will be discussed: 1. Adsorption on hydrophobic supports yields lipase derivatives that are much more active and stable than other immobilized lipase derivatives. 2. Regioselectivity can be modulated, for example, TLL adsorbed on divinyl benzene hydrophobic supports retains a 1,3 regioselectivity during ethanolysis of oils. On the contrary, the enzyme adsorbed on octadecyl supports loses the regioselectivity and allows the complete ethanolysis of oils (e.g., biodiesel synthesis). 3. TLL adsorbed on octadecyl supports with large pore size (60 nm) is tenfold more active for ethanolysis in solvent-free systems than TLL derivatives adsorbed on supports with small pore size (10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martín
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Guisan
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Li X, Hai YW, Ma D, Chen J, Banwell MG, Lan P. Fatty acid ester surfactants derived from raffinose: Synthesis, characterization and structure-property profiles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:616-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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37
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An D, Zhang X, Liang F, Xian M, Feng D, Ye Z. Synthesis, surface properties of glucosyl esters from renewable materials for use as biosurfactants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Influence of Chemical Modifications of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Derived Fatty Acids on Their Antimicrobial Properties. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar esters are bioactive compounds derived from renewable resources. They consist of a sugar moiety with attached non-polar part – usually a fatty acid. These compounds find uses in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries as surfactants due to their physicochemical and antimicrobial activities. In this study we have produced fatty acids for sugar ester synthesis from bacterially derived polyesters, namely polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). We have developed methodology to decorate PHA monomers with a fluorinated moiety. With aid of biocatalysis a series of glucose esters was created with unmodified and modified PHA monomers. All synthesised compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity.
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39
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Campos JM, Stamford TLM, Sarubbo LA. Characterization and application of a biosurfactant isolated from Candida utilis in salad dressings. Biodegradation 2019; 30:313-324. [PMID: 31089840 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-019-09877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at characterizing a biosurfactant from Candida utilis, and use it in the preparation of salad dressings. The biosurfactant was produced in mineral medium supplemented with 6% glucose and 6% waste frying canola oil. The crude biosurfactant was then tested for stability in different conditions of pH, salt concentration, heating time and temperature. The critical micelle dilution, chemical composition, and structural analysis were determined. The compound was resistant to extreme conditions and presented stable surface tension and emulsification activity in alkaline pH and was characterized as a carbohydrate-lipid-protein complex showing the best formulation and consistency at 0.7% (w/v) with guar gum indicating potential applicability in food emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Campos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - T L M Stamford
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - L A Sarubbo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP), Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, Recife, PE, CEP 50050-900, Brazil. .,Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, Boa vista, n. 216, Boa Vista, Recife, PE, CEP 50070-280, Brazil.
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40
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Enayati M, Gong Y, Abbaspourrad A. Synthesis of lactose lauryl ester in organic solvents using aluminosilicate zeolite as a catalyst. Food Chem 2019; 279:401-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Pantoa T, Shompoosang S, Ploypetchara T, Gohtani S, Udomrati S. Surface‐Active Properties and Anti‐Microbial Activities of Esterified Maltodextrins. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thidarat Pantoa
- Department of Food Chemistry and PhysicsInstitute of Food ResearchProduct DevelopmentKasetsart University50 ChatuchakBangkok 10900Thailand
| | - Sirinan Shompoosang
- Department of Applied MicrobiologyInstitute of Food Research and Product DevelopmentKasetsart University50 ChatuchakBangkok 10900Thailand
| | - Thongkorn Ploypetchara
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceFaculty of AgricultureKagawa University2393 MikiKagawa 761‐0795Japan
| | - Shoichi Gohtani
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceFaculty of AgricultureKagawa University2393 MikiKagawa 761‐0795Japan
| | - Sunsanee Udomrati
- Department of Food Chemistry and PhysicsInstitute of Food ResearchProduct DevelopmentKasetsart University50 ChatuchakBangkok 10900Thailand
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42
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43
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Arcens D, Grau E, Grelier S, Cramail H, Peruch F. 6-O-glucose palmitate synthesis with lipase: Investigation of some key parameters. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Liang MY, Banwell MG, Wang Y, Lan P. Effect of Variations in the Fatty Acid Residue of Lactose Monoesters on Their Emulsifying Properties and Biological Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12594-12603. [PMID: 30395455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactose fatty acid esters are high-value-added derivatives of lactose and represent a class of biodegradable, non-ionic, low-molecular-weight surfactants (emulsifiers) that have considerable potential in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Certain lactose esters have also garnered attention for their biological activities. In this work, we detail syntheses of a homologous series of 6'- O-acyllactose esters of varying alkyl chain length (from 6 to 18 carbons) and report on their activities as surfactants as well as their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. The structure-property profiles established in this work revealed that while the medium-chain esters displayed excellent emulsifying properties and moderate antimicrobial activities, their longer chain congeners exhibited the highest cytotoxicities. As such, we have established that certain 6'- O-acyllactose esters are superior to their sucrose-derived and commercially exploited counterparts. These results will serve as a useful guide for the development of lactose esters as, inter alia, emulsifiers in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , Guangdong 519070 , People's Republic of China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , Guangdong 519070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , Guangdong 519070 , People's Republic of China
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45
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Antimicrobial activity of coconut oil-in-water emulsion on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli EPEC associated to Candida kefyr. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00924. [PMID: 30761360 PMCID: PMC6286180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida kefyr has been considered both a food-spoiling agent and a type of yeast with fermentation properties. In this study, the authors have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a coconut oil-in-water emulsion associated to the presence of C. kefyr. Fresh coconut kernels were used to obtain the coconut oil-in-water emulsion, the sterile coconut oil-in-water emulsion by decantation, and the coconut oil by means of a heating process. Commercial virgin coconut oil was also used. Agar diffusion, minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) techniques were employed to evaluate antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. epidermidis. The C. kefyr isolate was identified and confirmed. Coconut milk-derived fatty acids were characterized by acid index and thin layer chromatography. Scanning electronic microscopy was performed to evaluate the morphology of the microorganisms. Lipase activity of C. kefyr isolate was also detected. Coconut oil-in-water emulsion associated to C. kefyr was active against both bacteria. Thin layer chromatography confirmed the presence of triglycerides and free fatty acids. The acid index showed higher acidity potential for the coconut oil-in-water emulsion. The microscopic images showed antibacterial action through the formation of membrane holes' and demonstrated yeast shape. All the above show new potentials for C. kefyr and coconut oil-in-water emulsion in food technology.
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46
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Enzymic synthesis, physicochemical, and cell activity of glucosyl ester derivatives based on N-fatty acyl amino acid. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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An D, Liang F, Feng D. Synthesis and investigation of surface active properties of green glucosyl esters. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1468263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengbing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dexin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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48
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Ma YR, Banwell MG, Yan R, Lan P. Comparative Study of the Emulsifying Properties of a Homologous Series of Long-Chain 6'- O-Acylmaltose Esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8832-8840. [PMID: 30052434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emulsifiers derived from renewable resources such as sucrose and fatty acids are high volume commodity chemicals and currently produced by traditional chemical synthesis techniques that lack the capacity to form the most desirable monoesters (of sucrose) in a selective and efficient fashion. The development of new emulsifiers (surfactants) from alternate, structurally simpler but nevertheless abundant disaccharides such as maltose represents a possible solution to this problem. Herein, we report the facile enzymatic preparation of a homologous series of 6'- O-acylmaltose esters and an in-depth evaluation of them revealing that their surfactant properties and thermal stabilities are largely determined by the length of the fatty acid chain. In the first such comparison, we show that the foaming and emulsifying effects of certain of these maltose monoesters are superior to those of their sucrose-derived and commercially exploited counterparts. As such, maltose esters have considerable potential as emulsifiers for use in, for example, the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , 519070 , China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Rian Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , 519070 , China
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49
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Lucarini S, Fagioli L, Cavanagh R, Liang W, Perinelli DR, Campana M, Stolnik S, Lam JKW, Casettari L, Duranti A. Synthesis, Structure⁻Activity Relationships and In Vitro Toxicity Profile of Lactose-Based Fatty Acid Monoesters as Possible Drug Permeability Enhancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030081. [PMID: 29970849 PMCID: PMC6161018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeability enhancers are receiving increased attention arising from their ability to increase transepithelial permeability and thus, bioavailability of orally or pulmonary administered biopharmaceutics. Here we present the synthesis and the in vitro assaying of a series of lactose-based non-ionic surfactants, highlighting the relationship between their structure and biological effect. Using tensiometric measurements the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the surfactants were determined and demonstrate that increasing hydrophobic chain length reduces surfactant CMC. In vitro testing on Caco-2 intestinal and Calu-3 airway epithelia revealed that cytotoxicity, assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, is presented for most of the surfactants at concentrations greater than their CMCs. Further biological study demonstrates that application of cytotoxic concentrations of the surfactants is associated with depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing nuclear membrane permeability and activation of effector caspases. It is, therefore, proposed that when applied at cytotoxic levels, the surfactants are inducing apoptosis in both cell lines tested. Importantly, through the culture of epithelial monolayers on Transwell® supports, the surfactants demonstrate the ability to reversibly modulate transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and thus open tight junctions, at non-toxic concentrations, emphasizing their potential application as safe permeability enhancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Laura Fagioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Robert Cavanagh
- Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Mario Campana
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Snjezana Stolnik
- Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
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50
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Enayati M, Gong Y, Goddard JM, Abbaspourrad A. Synthesis and characterization of lactose fatty acid ester biosurfactants using free and immobilized lipases in organic solvents. Food Chem 2018; 266:508-513. [PMID: 30381219 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, lactose fatty acid esters were enzymatically synthesized from fatty acids and lactose using Candida antarctica B lipase (CALB) in organic solvents. Products were purified using a solvent extraction method and analyzed using ATR-FTIR and surface-active properties measurements. Results showed that hexanes and acetonitrile provide the highest conversions for both free and immobilized lipases, up to 77% and 93% respectively. The conversion rate of esterification is solvent-dependent for free lipase; the conversion rate of immobilized lipase still shows solvent dependency, but to a lesser degree. Surface tension, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and contact angles were also measured for all of the samples, showing the potentials of these sugar esters as naturally derived surfactants for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Enayati
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA
| | - Yijing Gong
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA.
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