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Zapanta MJ, Chen X, Van de Walle D, Postelmans A, Dewettinck K, Saeys W. Terahertz time-domain transmission spectroscopy of water and hydrogel thin films: Extraction of optical parameters and application to agarose gel characterization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124563. [PMID: 38861828 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is an emerging optical technique that has potential applications in the characterization of (bio)materials. However, the complicated extraction of optical parameters from multi-layered and optically thin samples is a barrier towards its acceptance by applied scientists. Therefore, the aim of this work is to provide a straightforward approach for the extraction of the THz absorption coefficient and index of refraction profiles of aqueous thin films in a window-sample-window configuration, which is ubiquitous in many laboratories (i.e., sample in a cuvette). A numerical approach-based methodology that accounts for multiple layers, Fabry-Pérot effect, and sample thickness is elaborated which involves an optical interference model based on a tri-layer structure and a simple thickness estimation technique. This method was validated on water samples where a good agreement was found with the THz optical parameters of water reported in the literature, while the use of a commercial software resulted in erroneous optical parameters estimates when used without due regard to its limitations. A case study was then performed to demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to characterize agarose hydrogels with varying degree of sulfation. It was demonstrated that THz-TDS can provide insight into the hydration state of the agarose hydrogels, including the relative number of the hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl moieties of water and the polysaccharide network which is perturbed by the presence of sulfate. The trend in the index of refraction profiles suggested microstructural differences between the agarose hydrogels, which were confirmed by visualizing the agarose network morphology using cryo-SEM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Justine Zapanta
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuequan Chen
- GBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Davy Van de Walle
- Ghent University, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Food Structure and Function Research Group, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Postelmans
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Ghent University, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Food Structure and Function Research Group, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Saeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Yuan L, Liu C, Li B, Wang S, Zhang H, Sun J, Mao X. A green extraction method for agar with improved thermal stability and water holding capacity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134663. [PMID: 39134202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The conventional agar extraction method has drawbacks such as high energy consumption, low yield, poor quality, and possible residual harmful factors, which greatly limit its application in high-end fields such as biomedicine and high-end materials. This work explored a new freezing-thawing-high-temperature coupling technique for agar extraction. It increased the yield and the strength of agar by 10.6 % and 13.7 %, respectively, as compared to direct high-temperature extraction of agar (HA). The greater molecular weight and lower sulfate content of agar obtained from freeze-thaw cycles combined with high temperature extraction (FA) may be attributed to the desulfurization effect caused by freeze-thaw cycles and the preservation of the molecular chain structure. The reduction in sulfate content decreases the steric hindrance resistance of the polysaccharide chains, enhances their interactions, and promotes the regularity and density of the agar structure, while also improving its water retention and thermal stability. In conclusion, this research can offer a theoretical basis and guidance for the eco-friendly extraction of agar with improved agar characteristics and expended its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Sai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Jianan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China.
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3
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Trongnit J, Mayakun J, Kaewtatip K. The effect of agar from the seaweed Gracilaria fisheri on properties of biodegradable starch foam. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132952. [PMID: 38848830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
This work focuses on the potential of agar from the seaweed Gracilaria fisheri to modify the properties of starch foam. The effects of different ratios of glycerol and agar on the properties of starch foams were investigated. All formulations used in this study produced easy-to-handle, smooth, single-use foam trays with no visible cracks. The addition of agar slightly affected the off-white color of the foam but red and yellow color values significantly decreased with increments of agar content. As the agar content was increased, the foam became less dense. A foam produced at a glycerol:agar ratio of 3:7 exhibited the highest values of flexural stress at maximum load (3.23 MPa), modulus (194.46 MPa) and hardness (97.50), and the highest temperature at maximum weight loss (Tmax) (337 °C). Therefore, starch foam modified with agar from Gracilaria fisheri showed suitable physical, mechanical and thermal properties for food packaging, and could possibly be used in the place of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Trongnit
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Mayakun
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kaewta Kaewtatip
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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4
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Gomes-Dias JS, Teixeira-Guedes CI, Teixeira JA, Rocha CMR. Red seaweed biorefinery: The influence of sequential extractions on the functional properties of extracted agars and porphyrans. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128479. [PMID: 38040161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Red seaweeds are exploited for their hydrocolloids, but other fractions are usually overlooked. In a novel approach, this study aimed to evaluate cold-water (CWE), ethanolic (EE), and alkaline (SE) extractions, alone and in sequence, to simultaneously: i) decrease the hydrocolloid extraction waste (valorizing bioactive side-streams and/or increasing extraction yield); and ii) increase the hydrocolloids' texturizing properties. It is the first time these extractions' synergetic and/or antagonistic effects will be accessed. For Porphyra dioica, a combination of CWE and EE was optimal: a positive influence on the melting temperature (increasing 5 °C to 74 °C) and sulphate content (a 3-fold reduction to 5 %) was observed, compared to a direct porphyran extraction. The same was observed for Gracilaria vermiculophyla, recovering two additional bioactive fractions without impacting the hydrocolloid's extraction (agar with 220 g/cm2 gelling strength and 14 % yield was obtained). The sequential use of CWE, EE, and SE was the most beneficial in Gelidium corneum processing: it enhanced agar's texturizing capacity (reaching 1150 g/cm2, a 1.5-fold increase when compared to a direct extraction), without affecting its 22 % yield or over 88 % purity. Ultimately, these findings clarified the effects of cascading biorefinery approaches from red seaweeds and their pertinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Gomes-Dias
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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Santa-Cruz LA, Mantovi PS, Loguercio LF, Galvão RA, Navarro M, Passos STA, Neto BAD, Tavares FC, Torresi RM, Machado G. Gel Biopolymer Electrolytes Based on Saline Water and Seaweed to Support the Large-Scale Production of Sustainable Supercapacitors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300884. [PMID: 37707501 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and the demand for clean energy have challenged scientists worldwide to produce/store more energy to reduce carbon emissions. This work proposes a conductive gel biopolymer electrolyte to support the sustainable development of high-power aqueous supercapacitors. The gel uses saline water and seaweed as sustainable resources. Herein, a biopolymer agar-agar, extracted from red algae, is modified to increase gel viscosity up to 17-fold. This occurs due to alkaline treatment and an increase in the concentration of the agar-agar biopolymer, resulting in a strengthened gel with cohesive superfibres. The thermal degradation and agar modification mechanisms are explored. The electrolyte is applied to manufacture sustainable and flexible supercapacitors with satisfactory energy density (0.764 Wh kg-1 ) and power density (230 W kg-1 ). As an electrolyte, the aqueous gel promotes a long device cycle life (3500 cycles) for 1 A g-1 , showing good transport properties and low cost of acquisition and enabling the supercapacitor to be manufactured outside a glove box. These features decrease the cost of production and favor scale-up. To this end, this work provides eco-friendly electrolytes for the next generation of flexible energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Santa-Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, CEP 50740-560, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Materiais Nanoestruturados (LMNano), Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE), Recife, CEP 50740-545, PE, Brasil
| | - Primaggio S Mantovi
- Laboratório de Materiais Eletroativos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara F Loguercio
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90650-001, RS, Brazil
| | - Rhauane A Galvão
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 380-0928, Nagano, Japan
| | - Marcelo Navarro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, CEP 50740-560, PE, Brazil
| | - Saulo T A Passos
- Instituto de química e física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70904-970, DF, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Instituto de química e física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70904-970, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiele C Tavares
- Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 25240-005, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto M Torresi
- Laboratório de Materiais Eletroativos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Machado
- Laboratório de Materiais Nanoestruturados (LMNano), Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE), Recife, CEP 50740-545, PE, Brasil
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de Sousa Ferreira M, de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro F, Dourado FF, de Jesus Oliveira AC, Araújo TDS, Brito LM, Pessoa C, de Lima LRM, de Paula RCM, Silva-Filho EC, da Silva DA. Production of galactan phthalates derivatives extracted from Gracilaria birdie: Characterization, cytotoxic and antioxidant profile. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 243:125254. [PMID: 37295699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work explores the esterification reaction in the polysaccharide extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae and investigates its antioxidant potential. The reaction process was conducted with phthalic anhydride at different reaction times (10, 20 and 30 min), using a molar ratio of 1:2 (polymer: phthalic anhydride). Derivatives were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC and XRD. The biological properties of derivatives were investigated by assays of cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl - DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt - ABTS). The results obtained by FT-IR confirmed the chemical modification, there was a reduction related to the presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups when compared to the in nature polysaccharide spectrum. TGA analysis showed a change in the thermal behavior of the modified materials. X-ray diffraction, it was shown that the in nature polysaccharide appeared as an amorphous material, while the material obtained after the chemical modification process had increased crystallinity, due to the introduction of phthalate groups. For the biological assays, it was observed that the phthalate derivative was more selective than the unmodified material for the murine metastatic melanoma tumor cell line (B16F10), revealing a good antioxidant profile for DPPH and ABTS radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle de Sousa Ferreira
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials - LIMAV, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Center for Research in Applied Morphology and Immunology, NuPMIA, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Flaviane França Dourado
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Antônia Carla de Jesus Oliveira
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials - LIMAV, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Thaís Danyelle Santos Araújo
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Lucas Moreira Brito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Durcilene Alves da Silva
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials - LIMAV, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Mohibbullah M, Talha MA, Baten MA, Newaz AW, Choi J. Yield optimization, physicochemical characterizations, and antioxidant properties of food grade agar from Gracilaria tenuistipitata of Cox's Bazar coast, Bangladesh. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2852-2863. [PMID: 37324870 PMCID: PMC10261750 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the optimization of extraction variables for food grade quality agar from Gracilaria tenuistipitata, so far, the first study on Bangladeshi seaweed. Water (native)- and NaOH (alkali)-pretreated agars were comparatively analyzed by several physicochemical parameters. All extraction variables significantly affected the agar yield in both extraction conditions. Alkali-pretreated agar provided a better yield (12-13% w/w) and gel strength (201 g/cm2) in extraction conditions as followed by 2% NaOH pretreatment at 30°C for 3 h, seaweed to water ratio at 1:150, and extraction temperature at 100°C for 2 h. Gelling and melting temperatures, color, and pH values of both agars were found to be comparable with commercial agar. Significantly higher sulfate contents including organic and inorganic and total carotenoids were reported in native (3.14% and 1.29 μg/mL) than that in alkali-pretreated agar (1.27% and 0.62 μg/mL). FTIR spectrum demonstrated the purity of the agar as characterized by the stronger relative intensity with higher degree of conversion of L-galactose 6-sulfate to 3,6-anhydrogalactose in alkali pretreatment group than that of native ones. Moreover, antioxidant activity (% DPPH scavenging) was observed and confirmed by IC50 values of 5.42 and 9.02 mg/mL in water- and alkali-pretreated agars, respectively. The results suggested that agar from G. tenuistipitata with optimized alkali extraction conditions could promote cost-effective yield with improved physicochemical characteristics and biofunctional values upon consumption by the consumers as food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
- Seafood Research CenterSilla UniversityBusanSouth Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine IndustryGyeongsang National UniversityTongyeong‐siSouth Korea
| | - Md. Abu Talha
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Baten
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Asif Wares Newaz
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Jae‐Suk Choi
- Seafood Research CenterSilla UniversityBusanSouth Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine IndustryGyeongsang National UniversityTongyeong‐siSouth Korea
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8
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Li C, Li X, Gu Q, Xie L, Cai Y, Liao L. Synthesis, characterization and potential applications for oxidized agarose. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124643. [PMID: 37119904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of agarose (AG) oxidation using periodate as oxidizer has not been systematically explored. This paper synthesized oxidized agarose (OAG) using solid-sate and solution reaction methods; the reaction mechanism and the properties of OAG samples were systematically evaluated. Chemical structure analysis disclosed that the aldehyde group and carboxyl group contents in all OAG samples are extremely low. Meanwhile, crystallinity, dynamic viscosity and molecular weight of OAG samples is lower than that of the original AG. Reaction temperature, time and sodium periodate dosage are inversely proportional to the decline of the gelling temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm); and the Tg and Tm for the OAG sample obtained are even 19 °C and 22 °C lower than that of the original AG. The as-synthesized OAG samples all possess excellent cytocompatibility and blood compatibility; and can promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblast cells. Last but not least, the gel strength, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness of the OAG gel can be effectively regulated via oxidation reaction. In conclusions, both solid and solution oxidation can regulate the physical properties of OAG and enlarge its potential applications in wound dressing, tissue engineering and food areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Xianzhu Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Qixiang Gu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lici Xie
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lusheng Liao
- Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Rubber Processing, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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9
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Zhang L, Xiao Q, Zhang Y, Weng H, Wang S, Chen F, Xiao A. A comparative study on the gel transition, structural changes, and emulsifying properties of anhydride-esterified agar with varied degrees of substitution and carbon chain lengths. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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10
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Mohibbullah M, Amin A, Talha MA, Baten MA, Rana MM, Sabuz AA, Newaz AW, Choi JS. Physicochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Cookies Prepared with Untapped Seaweed Ulva intestinalis: An Approach to Value Addition as a Functional Food. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010205. [PMID: 36613424 PMCID: PMC9819063 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was investigated to know the sensory, physicochemical, nutritional and fatty acid properties of seaweed-based cookies prepared with untapped seaweed Ulva intestinalis (UI) from Bangladesh coast. The cookies were formulated with different percentages of UI inclusions both in powdered (PUI) and fragmented (FUI) forms, in order to evaluate different quality attributes in prepared value-added cookies. In sensory analysis, seaweed inclusion levels of 1% PUI, 2.5% PUI, 1% FUI, 2.5% FUI and 5% FUI to cookies were acceptable by panelists. Considering the maximum percentage of seaweed inclusions, 2.5% PUI and 5% FUI were selected for further analysis. The results of physicochemical properties such as moisture content, spread factor, baking loss, pH, cookie density, color, texture properties, volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive species were within acceptable limits. In nutritional analysis, 2.5% PUI and 5% FUI cookies showed a remarkable and significant increase in lipid and ash contents, compared to untreated controls. Being the first report on fatty acids profile by UI from Bangladesh, among 24 fatty acids identified, the amount of total saturated, mono-unsaturated, omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids were reported to be 641.9 (36.2%), 563.7 (31.8%), 133.8 (7.6%) and 436.3 (24.6%) μg/g DW, respectively. The results suggest that cookies with 2.5% PUI and 5% FUI can be marketed as healthy foods for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.-S.C.); Tel.: +880-2-44814069 (M.M.); +82-55-772-9142 (J.-S.C.)
| | - Al Amin
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Talha
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Baten
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Masud Rana
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Ashfak Ahmed Sabuz
- Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Wares Newaz
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-gil, Tongyeong-si 53064, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.-S.C.); Tel.: +880-2-44814069 (M.M.); +82-55-772-9142 (J.-S.C.)
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11
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Development of a novel agar extraction method using calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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de Aguiar ALL, Araújo MLH, Benevides NMB, Mattos ALA, da Silva Araújo IM, da Silva EMC. Sequential extraction process and physicochemical characterization of R-phycoerythrin and agar from red macroalgae Gracilaria birdiae. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Algal polysaccharides: structure, preparation and applications in food packaging. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Gomes-Dias JS, Pereira SG, Teixeira JA, Rocha C. Hydrothermal treatments – A quick and efficient alternative for agar extraction from Gelidium sesquipedale. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Gut microbiome modulation and gastrointestinal digestibility in vitro of polysaccharide-enriched extracts and seaweeds from Ulva rigida and Gracilaria fisheri. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Diop CIK, Trigueros E, Sanz MT, Beltran S, García–Tojal J. Pressurized hot water-assisted recovery of crude residual agar from a never-dried algae industry waste stream: A Box-Behnken design approach. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Hou T, Wen X, Xie L, Gu Q, Li C. Synthesis of Gentamicin-Immobilized Agar with Improved Antibacterial Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14152975. [PMID: 35893939 PMCID: PMC9330791 DOI: 10.3390/polym14152975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop agar derivatives with good antibacterial activity and decreased gelling and melting temperatures, two agar–gentamycin conjugates with 9.20% and 12.68% gentamicin immobilized were fabricated by oxidation, Schiff base and reduction reaction, and characterized by a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and an elemental analyzer. It was found that the modifications changed the intermolecular interactions, leading to decreased gelling and melting temperatures for the oxidized agar and slightly increased gelling and melting temperatures for agar–gentamycin conjugates. Further studies of antimicrobial properties showed that the two agar–gentamycin conjugates possessed good antibacterial activity, which was positively correlated with the dosage and the immobilization rate of gentamicin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of agar–gentamycin conjugates with higher immobilization rates of gentamicin against Escherichia coli were 39.1 μg/mL and 156.2 μg/mL, respectively, and the MICs and MBCs against Staphylococcus aureus were 19.5 μg/mL and 78.1 μg/mL, respectively. A biofilm test indicated that certain concentrations of agar–gentamycin conjugate could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In summary, agar–gentamycin conjugates possess good antibacterial activities and may be applied as a new kind of antibacterial material.
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Adjustable Gel Texture of Recovered Crude Agar Induced by Pressurized Hot Water Treatment of Gelidium sesquipedale Industry Waste Stream: An RSM Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142081. [PMID: 35885323 PMCID: PMC9320704 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant amount of bioactive compound-rich solid waste is released during the industrial phycocolloid-centric extraction of Gelidium sesquipedale. The impact of mild pressurized hot water extraction on repurposing this waste for the recovery of agar with an adjustable gel texture is investigated. A two-factor interaction response surface model assessed the influences of the operating temperatures (80 to 130 °C), times (45 and 150 min), pressures (1 to 70 bar), and algae concentrations (3 to 10% (w:v)). At a temperature of 100 °C, a pressure of 10.13 bar, a recovery time of 45 min, and a 10% algae concentration, the working parameters were considered ideal (w:v). Agar with a hardness of 431.6 g, an adhesiveness of −13.14 g.s−1, a springiness of 0.94, a cohesiveness of 0.63, and a gumminess of 274.46 g was produced under these conditions. A combined desirability of 0.78 was obtained for the exposed technology that retrieved gels with a minimum agar yield of 10% and thermal hysteresis between 39 ± 1 and 52 ± 0.5 °C. The fitted design can provide a high techno-commercial value to the agri-food industrial waste stream.
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Gel properties transition from mono-succinylation to cross-linking of agar by attemperation with succinic anhydride. Food Chem 2022; 381:132164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jiang F, Liu Y, Xiao Q, Chen F, Weng H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xiao A. Eco-Friendly Extraction, Structure, and Gel Properties of ι-Carrageenan Extracted Using Ca(OH)2. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070419. [PMID: 35877712 PMCID: PMC9322172 DOI: 10.3390/md20070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly method for ι-carrageenan extraction from seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum through boiling and using a low concentration of Ca(OH)2 is reported. Compared to the traditional method of ι-carrageenan extraction using NaOH, the reported method using Ca(OH)2 had the advantages of using 93.3% less alkali and 86.8% less water, having a 25.0% shorter total extraction time, a 17.6% higher yield, and a 43.3% higher gel strength of the product. In addition, we evaluated the gel properties and structures of ι-carrageenan products extracted by Ca(OH)2 (Ca-IC) and NaOH (Na-IC). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the structures of Ca-IC and Na-IC did not change remarkably. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that Ca-IC had the same thermal stability as Na-IC. The results of the textural analysis showed that Ca-IC had a higher hardness and better chewiness compared to Na-IC. Rheological results indicated that Ca-IC and Na-IC exhibited shear-thinning and non-Newtonian fluid properties, whereas the viscosity of Ca-IC was less than that of Na-IC. In conclusion, this new method of ι-carrageenan extraction using Ca-IC is markedly better and yields higher quality carrageenan than the conventional method of using Na-IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (A.X.); Tel.: +86-592-6181487 (Y.Z.); +86-592-6180075 (A.X.)
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (F.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.X.); (F.C.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (A.X.); Tel.: +86-592-6181487 (Y.Z.); +86-592-6180075 (A.X.)
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21
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22
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Yield improvement of Gracilaria tenuistipitata by optimizing different aspects in coast of cox's bazar, Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4174. [PMID: 35264683 PMCID: PMC8907302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was designed to find out the effect of different factors such as influence of lunar cycle, harvesting interval, rope type and seeding gap on the production of G. tenuistipitata in coast of Cox’s Bazar. Duration of these experiments were sixty days and all the parameters were recorded fortnightly. Monitoring of water quality parameters indicated that salinity, temperature, transparency, pH and DO were suitable for seaweed cultivation. In determining lunar cycle effect, results envisaged that fresh yield was 14.43% increased when seeding and harvesting time was selected considering the moon cycle. Regarding the selection of harvesting interval, it was found that T3 (30 days interval) was the best to harvest the seaweed whereas T4 (40 days interval) showed decreasing trend in production. Our study also found that semi floating single line showed better yield performance compared to semi floating double line system. In case of influence on seeding gap, it has been found that 20 cm gap between two seed showed the highest yields followed by 10 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that yield of G. tenuistipitata in coast of Cox’s Bazar could be improved considering those factors.
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23
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Dang BT, Bui XT, Tran DPH, Hao Ngo H, Nghiem LD, Hoang TKD, Nguyen PT, Nguyen HH, Vo TKQ, Lin C, Yi Andrew Lin K, Varjani S. Current application of algae derivatives for bioplastic production: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126698. [PMID: 35026424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Improper use of conventional plastics poses challenges for sustainable energy and environmental protection. Algal derivatives have been considered as a potential renewable biomass source for bioplastic production. Algae derivatives include a multitude of valuable substances, especially starch from microalgae, short-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from cyanobacteria, polysaccharides from marine and freshwater macroalgae. The algae derivatives have the potential to be used as key ingredients for bioplastic production, such as starch and PHAs or only as an additive such as sulfated polysaccharides. The presence of distinctive functional groups in algae, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfate, can be manipulated or tailored to provide desirable bioplastic quality, especially for food, pharmaceutical, and medical packaging. Standardizing strains, growing conditions, harvesting and extracting algae in an environmentally friendly manner would be a promising strategy for pollution control and bioplastic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Trong Dang
- HUTECH University, 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Duyen P H Tran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Thi-Khanh-Dieu Hoang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong-Thao Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hai H Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo
- Faculty of Environment - Natural Resources and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), 140 Le Trong Tan street, Tay Thanh ward, Tan Phu district, Ho Chi Minh city 700000, Vietnam
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India
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Belattmania Z, Bhaby S, Nadri A, Khaya K, Bentiss F, Jama C, Reani A, Vasconcelos V, Sabour B. Gracilaria gracilis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Dakhla (Southern Moroccan Atlantic Coast) as Source of Agar: Content, Chemical Characteristics, and Gelling Properties. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120672. [PMID: 34940671 PMCID: PMC8703883 DOI: 10.3390/md19120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Agar is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from certain marine red algae, and its gel properties depend on the seaweed source and extraction conditions. In the present study, the seaweed Gracilaria gracilis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Dakhla (Moroccan Atlantic Coast) was investigated for its agar content, structure, and gel properties. The agar yields of G. gracilis were 20.5% and 15.6% from alkaline pretreatment and native extraction, respectively. Agar with alkaline pretreatment showed a better gelling property supported by higher gel strength (377 g·cm-2), gelling (35.4 °C), and melting (82.1 °C) temperatures with a notable increase in 3,6-anhydro-galactose (11.85%) and decrease in sulphate (0.32%) contents. The sulfate falling subsequent to alkaline pretreatment was verified through FT-IR spectroscopy. The 13C NMR spectroscopy showed that alkaline-pretreated agar has a typical unsubstituted agar pattern. However, native agar had a partially methylated agarose structure. Overall, this study suggested the possibility of the exploitation of G. gracilis to produce a fine-quality agar. Yet, further investigation may need to determine the seasonal variability of this biopolymer according to the life cycle of G. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Belattmania
- Phycology, Blue Biodiversity and Biotechnology RU, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization—CNRST Labeled Research Unit N°10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Sanaa Bhaby
- Phycology, Blue Biodiversity and Biotechnology RU, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization—CNRST Labeled Research Unit N°10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Amal Nadri
- Phycology, Blue Biodiversity and Biotechnology RU, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization—CNRST Labeled Research Unit N°10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Khaoulaa Khaya
- Phycology, Blue Biodiversity and Biotechnology RU, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization—CNRST Labeled Research Unit N°10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Fouad Bentiss
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;
- Materials and Transformations Unit, University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Charafeddine Jama
- Materials and Transformations Unit, University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Abdeltif Reani
- Phycology, Blue Biodiversity and Biotechnology RU, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization—CNRST Labeled Research Unit N°10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-223-401-817
| | - Brahim Sabour
- Phycology, Blue Biodiversity and Biotechnology RU, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization—CNRST Labeled Research Unit N°10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
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25
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Li Y, Zhao M, Gomez LP, Senthamaraikannan R, Padamati RB, O'Donnell CP, Tiwari BK. Investigation of enzyme-assisted methods combined with ultrasonication under a controlled alkali pretreatment for agar extraction from Gelidium sesquipedale. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Xiao Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Chen F, Xiao A. Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110617. [PMID: 34822488 PMCID: PMC8619328 DOI: 10.3390/md19110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the alkali treatment process alone without tracking the changes of algae and agar quality with each pretreatment process will not achieve the optimal agar yield and final quality. In this study, we monitored the changes of the morphology and weight of algae with each treatment process, and comprehensively analyzed the effects of each pretreatment process on the quality of agar by combining the changes of the physicochemical properties of agar. In conventional alkali-extraction technology, alkali treatment (7%, w/v) alone significantly reduced the weight of algae (52%), but hindered the dissolution of algae, resulting in a lower yield (4%). Acidification could solve the problem of algal hardening after alkali treatment to improve the yield (12%). In enzymatic extraction technology, agar with high purity cannot be obtained by enzyme treatment alone, but low gel strength (405 g/cm2) and high sulfate content (3.4%) can be obtained by subsequent acidification and bleaching. In enzyme-assisted extraction technology, enzyme damage to the surface fiber of algae promoted the penetration of low-concentration alkali (3%, w/v), which ensured a high desulfurization efficiency and a low gel degradation rate, thus improving yield (24.7%) and gel strength (706 g/cm2), which has the potential to replace the traditional alkali-extraction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (F.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (F.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (F.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (F.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (F.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (F.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (F.C.)
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-592-6180075
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27
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Tsurunaga Y, Onda M, Takahashi T. Effect of heating methods on astringency recurrence, syneresis, and physical properties of persimmon paste. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:4616-4625. [PMID: 34629526 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The soluble tannins in Japanese persimmon gives it an unpleasant astringent taste, which can be removed using certain conventional methods. However, these methods are not very efficient and lead to the recurrence of astringency upon heating. Thus, the use of persimmon in processed food is severely limited. Although the effects of heating time and temperature on astringency recurrence have been explored in detail, the effect of the heating method used has not yet been clarified. Considering this, we subjected an astringency-removed paste to various heat treatments, namely, stir frying, boiling, and pressurization, and examined their effect on astringency recurrence. Soluble tannin contents were also determined, and sensory evaluation was conducted. It was observed that stir frying, which is accompanied by moisture evaporation, is superior with respect to the suppression of astringency recurrence and the prevention of syneresis compared with the other two methods. Moreover, the bright orange color and the gummy texture obtained upon stir frying are favorable for commercial purposes. Therefore, it is expected that these findings will lead to the significant improvement of astringent persimmon processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tsurunaga
- Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue City, Shimane, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Misaki Onda
- Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue City, Shimane, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue City, Shimane, 690-8504 Japan
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Zhang B, Liu Y, Wang H, Liu W, Cheong KL, Teng B. Characterization of seaweed polysaccharide-based bilayer films containing essential oils with antibacterial activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Preparation and Characterization of κ-Carrageenan Modified with Maleic Anhydride and Its Application in Films. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090486. [PMID: 34564148 PMCID: PMC8471587 DOI: 10.3390/md19090486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the physicochemical properties of maleic anhydride (MAH)-modified κ-carrageenan (κCar) (MC) were characterized and compared with those of native κ-carrageenan (NC). The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of MC exhibited that κCar was successfully modified. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of MC was decreased. When the degree of substitution was 0.032, MC exhibited a low gel strength (759 g/cm2), gelling temperature (33.3 °C), and dehydration rate (60.3%). Given the excellent film-forming ability of κCar, MC films were then prepared and were found to have better mechanical and barrier properties (UV and water) than NC films. With regard to optical properties, MC films could completely absorb UV light in the range of 200–236 nm. The water contact angle of MC films was higher than that of NC films. Moreover, the elongation at break increased from 26.9% to 163%. These physicochemical property changes imply that MC can be employed in polysaccharide-based films.
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Convenient Agarose Preparation with Hydrogen Peroxide and Desulfation Process Analysis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060297. [PMID: 34070967 PMCID: PMC8224637 DOI: 10.3390/md19060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarose is a natural seaweed polysaccharide and widely used in the medicine, food, and biological fields because of its high gel strength, non-toxicity, and electrical neutrality. The sulfate group is one of the main charged groups that affect the performance of agarose. In the present study, a simple, eco-friendly, and efficient method was explored for agarose preparation. After desulfation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the sulfate content of agar reached 0.21%. Together with gel strength, electroendosmosis, gelling and melting temperature, the indicators of desulfated agar met the standards of commercially available agarose. Notably, the desulfated agar can be used as an agarose gel electrophoresis medium to separate DNA molecules, and the separation effect is as good as that of commercially available agarose. Further, the H2O2 desulfation process was analyzed. The addition of a hydroxyl radical (HO•) scavenger remarkably decreased the H2O2 desulfation rate, indicating that HO• has a certain role in agar desulfation. Sulfate content detection indicated that sulfur was removed from agar molecules in the form of sulfate ions (SO42−) and metal sulfate. The band absence at 850 cm−1 indicated that the sulfate groups at C-4 of D-galactose in sulfated galactan were eliminated.
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An D, Xiao Q, Zhang C, Cai M, Zhang Y, Weng H, Chen F, Xiao A. Preparation, characterization, and application of high-whiteness agar bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jang JH, So BR, Yeo HJ, Kang HJ, Kim MJ, Lee JJ, Jung SK, Jung YH. Preparation of cellulose microfibril (CMF) from Gelidium amansii and feasibility of CMF as a cosmetic ingredient. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117569. [PMID: 33541629 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils (CMF) were successfully isolated from the red alga, Gelidium amansii. G. amansii was processed in two stages, microwave digestion and high-speed blending to remove agar and extract microfibrils, respectively. After pretreatment at 180 °C for 10 min, G. amansii containing 40.1 % glucan was microfibrillated through homogenization. Morphological analysis by SEM and FTIR, and analysis of the degree of fibrillation with water retention, sedimentation, and CtCBD3 protein binding of G. amansii-derived CMF were investigated. Functional analysis of CMF showed suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, suppression was evident in the: i) epidermal thickness of mice skin; ii) presence of proinflammatory cytokines; and iii) inhibition of JNK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Such activity demonstrates its anti-inflammatory properties. The results in this study showed the possibility of using CMF derived from a red alga as an anti-inflammation material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwa Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram So
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Yeo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jee Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Fermentation Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Chen H, Chen F, Xiao Q, Cai M, Yang Q, Weng H, Xiao A. Structure and physicochemical properties of amphiphilic agar modified with octenyl succinic anhydride. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117031. [PMID: 33142590 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic agar with high transparency and freeze-thaw stability was prepared using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that the hydrophobic OS groups were successfully introduced in OSA-modified agar (OSAR) backbone. The OSAR showed higher emulsion stability and oil loading capacity than the native agar (NA). Compared with gel transparency (47.1 %), syneresis (42.1 %) of NA, OSAR exhibited high gel transparency (80 %) and low syneresis (3.3 %) when the degree of substitution (DS) was 0.06 and 0.12, respectively. Meanwhile, the OSAR showed a decreased interface tension and average molecular weight after modification. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the thermal stability of OSAR was decreased, while texture profile analysis showed the springiness of the OSAR gel was enhanced. Dynamic rheology measurements revealed the OSAR with low gel strength displayed more liquid-like properties. Moreover, the OSAR exhibited lower turbidity and melting temperatures than the NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiuming Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China.
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García-Poza S, Leandro A, Cotas C, Cotas J, Marques JC, Pereira L, Gonçalves AMM. The Evolution Road of Seaweed Aquaculture: Cultivation Technologies and the Industry 4.0. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6528. [PMID: 32911710 PMCID: PMC7560192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) are autotrophic organisms capable of producing many compounds of interest. For a long time, seaweeds have been seen as a great nutritional resource, primarily in Asian countries to later gain importance in Europe and South America, as well as in North America and Australia. It has been reported that edible seaweeds are rich in proteins, lipids and dietary fibers. Moreover, they have plenty of bioactive molecules that can be applied in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas. There are historical registers of harvest and cultivation of seaweeds but with the increment of the studies of seaweeds and their valuable compounds, their aquaculture has increased. The methodology of cultivation varies from onshore to offshore. Seaweeds can also be part of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), which has great opportunities but is also very challenging to the farmers. This multidisciplinary field applied to the seaweed aquaculture is very promising to improve the methods and techniques; this area is developed under the denominated industry 4.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Poza
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Carla Cotas
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Cotas
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João C. Marques
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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36
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Studies on the physicochemical properties, gelling behavior and drug release performance of agar/κ-carrageenan mixed hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:878-887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yi X, Li J, Wang D, Wang Y, Wang S, Yang F. The underlying mechanism in gel formation and its mathematical simulation during anionic polyacrylamide solution ultrafiltration process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27124-27134. [PMID: 32394260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A dead-end ultrafiltration cup was continuously operated to investigate the underlying mechanisms of membrane fouling caused by gel layer in this paper. Anionic polyacrylamide was used as a model foulant for gel formation process in various ultrafiltration processes by two kinds of ultrafiltration membrane, e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (OM) and TiO2/Al2O3-PVDF membrane (MM); then, a gel formation model was established and systematically assessed. The results show that the gel formation process in ultrafiltration can be divided into three stages: "slow-rapid-slow" flux decay curve. The R2 value of the simulation curve was still higher than 0.90 for both OM and MM. Based on the current cognition, the proposed gel layer formation mechanism and mathematical model were feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570028, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570028, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570028, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine` Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1 N4, Canada
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570028, China
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Zhao P, Wang X, Niu J, He L, Gu W, Xie X, Wu M, Wang G. Agar extraction and purification of R-phycoerythrin from Gracilaria tenuistipitata, and subsequent wastewater treatment by Ulva prolifera. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Zhang C, An D, Xiao Q, Weng H, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Xiao A. Preparation, characterization, and modification mechanism of agar treated with hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Chen H, Xiao Q, Weng H, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Xiao A. Extraction of sulfated agar from Gracilaria lemaneiformis using hydrogen peroxide-assisted enzymatic method. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 232:115790. [PMID: 31952598 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an eco-friendly extraction method was explored to obtain high sulfate content agar and repair the deficiency of enzymatic extraction by taking full advantage of H2O2. The sulfate content of EHA (H2O2-assisted enzymatic extracted agar) reached 3.56 %, which is significantly higher than that of traditional alkali-extracted agar (AA, 1.8 %). Moreover, EHA exhibited lower viscosity (9.4 cP), which improved 26.6 % and 14 % of filtration and gel dehydration rates than EA (enzymatic extracted agar), respectively. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the agars were evaluated and compared. Among these agars, EHA showed some favorable properties, such as high yield (16.08 %) and low dissolution temperature (88.9 °C). The surface of algae became smoother after treatment with H2O2 due to effective degradation of cellulose. Besides, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that EHA preserved a great amount of sulfate, while thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the thermal stability of EA and EHA both decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Qiuming Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China.
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Xiao Q, An D, Zhang C, Weng H, Zhang Y, Chen F, Xiao A. Agar quality promotion prepared by desulfation with hydrogen peroxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:492-499. [PMID: 31883896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The modified agars were prepared using H2O2 in ethanol solution at appropriate pH conditions. Some interesting physical and chemical properties of modified agar were determined and characterized compared with those of raw agar, and the underlying mechanisms were preliminarily studied. Results showed that the maximum gel strength of the modified agar was 1068 g/cm2, which increased by 30.9% compared with that of raw agar (816 g/cm2), and the minimum sulfate content of the modified agar was 0.21%, which decreased by 73.4% compared with that of raw agar (0.79%). Moreover, the viscosity, molecular weight, gelling temperature and melting temperature all decreased, whereas the whiteness and transparency increased after modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the spatial structure of agar have changed after treated with H2O2. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the desulfation of agar with H2O2 is a promising approach with practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Ding An
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Torres MD, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H. Integral Utilization of Red Seaweed for Bioactive Production. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E314. [PMID: 31142051 PMCID: PMC6627364 DOI: 10.3390/md17060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrocolloids carrageenan and agar are the major fraction industrially extracted and commercialized from red seaweeds. However, this type of macroalgae also contains a variety of components with nutritional, functional and biological properties. In the context of sustainability and bioeconomy, where the integral utilization of the natural resources is incentivized, the sequential separation and valorization of seaweed components with biological properties of interest for food, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals is proposed. In this work, a review of the available conventional and alternative greener and efficient extraction for obtaining red seaweed bioactives is presented. The potential of emerging technologies for the production of valuable oligomers from carrageenan and agar is also commented, and finally, the sequential extraction of the constituent fractions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Noelia Flórez-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Chen Y, Teng J, Shen L, Yu G, Li R, Xu Y, Wang F, Liao BQ, Lin H. Novel insights into membrane fouling caused by gel layer in a membrane bioreactor: Effects of hydrogen bonding. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:219-225. [PMID: 30640015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gel layer formation in some cases directly determines membrane fouling extent in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). While hydrogen bonding interactions extensively exist in gelling foulants and sludge suspension, their exact roles in fouling remain unveiled. Filtration results in this study showed that, specific filtration resistance (SFR) of a gel layer formed in the MBR was as high as 2.06 × 1019 m-1·kg-1 at 20 °C, and moreover, SFR of both the real gel and model gel (Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)) decreased with temperature. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that gel samples were abundant of good hydrogen bonding donors/acceptors to form hydrogen bonding, and hydrogen bonding strength decreased with temperature. From viewpoint of free energy, mathematical models depicting roles of hydrogen bonding were proposed. For the first time, contribution level of hydrogen bonding effects to total gel SFR was quantified to be around 20%. These results offered in-depth insights into membrane fouling in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Teng J, Zhang M, Leung KT, Chen J, Hong H, Lin H, Liao BQ. A unified thermodynamic mechanism underlying fouling behaviors of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:477-487. [PMID: 30476776 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soluble microbial products (SMPs) are the predominate foulants determining fouling extent in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). However, exact mechanism underlying their typical fouling behaviors remains unrevealed. In this study, the typical fouling behaviors of SMPs during initial operational period of a MBR were characterized. It was found that, although being low content, SMPs rather than sludge particulates preferentially adhered to membrane surface to accumulate a gel layer, and moreover, specific filtration resistance (SFR) of SMPs was approximately 700 times larger than that of the sludge particulates at operational day 3. According to energy balance principle, a unified thermodynamic mechanism underlying these fouling behaviors of SMPs was proposed. Thermodynamic analyses demonstrated that, the attractive interaction energy strength in contact between SMPs and membrane was larger by around 3700 times than that between sludge particulates and membrane, well explaining the extremely high adhesive ability of SMPs over sludge particlulates. Meanwhile, filtration through a SMPs layer was modelled and simulated as a thermodynamic process. Simulation on an agar gel showed that, about 92.6% of SFR was originated from mixing free energy change during filtration. Such a result satisfactorily interpreted the extremely high SFR of SMPs layer over sludge cake layer. The revealed thermodynamic mechanism underlying SMPs fouling behaviors significantly deepened understanding of fouling, and facilitated to development of effective fouling control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Kam-Tin Leung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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46
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Priyan Shanura Fernando I, Kim KN, Kim D, Jeon YJ. Algal polysaccharides: potential bioactive substances for cosmeceutical applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:1-15. [PMID: 30198346 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1503995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cosmetics industry is one of the most profitable in the world today. This multi-billion-dollar industry has a profound sociological impact worldwide. Its influence is global, with most individuals being concerned with conserving their physical appearance, beauty, and youth. The consumers' desire for novel, better, and safer products has stimulated the utilization of natural-product-based cosmeceutical formulations over synthetic chemicals. With remarkable advancements in marine bioresource technology, algal polysaccharides have gained much attention as bioactive ingredients in cosmeceuticals. Algae biosynthesize a variety of polysaccharides including fucoidans, alginates, carrageenans, galactans, agar, porphyran, glucans, and ulvans, all of which exhibit distinctive structural and functional properties. Many of these materials have been proven to possess skin-protective effects, including anti-wrinkle, lightening, moisturizing, UV protective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, they have a wide spectrum of physicochemical properties, such as the ability to form hydrogels, which extend their utilization as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and viscosity controlling ingredients in cosmeceuticals. Accordingly, algal hydrocolloids and their synthetic derivatives can also be applied in tissue engineering and cosmetic surgery. The challenge is to increase awareness about these polysaccharides and consequently generate value-added products. This review discusses the beneficial biological and physicochemical properties of algal polysaccharides, highlighting their potential in cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- b Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Daekyung Kim
- c Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Kyungpook National University , Bukgu , Daegu , South Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- a Department of Marine Life Science , Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
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Teng J, Shen L, Yu G, Wang F, Li F, Zhou X, He Y, Lin H. Mechanism analyses of high specific filtration resistance of gel and roles of gel elasticity related with membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:39-46. [PMID: 29482164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mechanisms and roles of gel elasticity in extremely high specific filtration resistance (SFR) were investigated. It was found that, as compared with cake layer in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), real gel layer in the MBR and agar gel possessed extremely high SFR. Foulant characterization showed that foulants were easy to bind water, and agar gel possessed a network structure. Mechanisms based on Flory-Huggins and Flory-Rehner models were deduced to describe the high SFR of agar gel. Model simulation showed that sum of SFR induced by the mixing chemical potential and the elastic chemical potential change is close to that of the agar gel, suggesting feasibility of the deduced models. Gel elasticity accounted for about 13% of total SFR of agar gel under conditions in this study. This study satisfactorily explained the extremely high SFR of gel, and addressed roles of gel elasticity in gel SFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Fengquan Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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El Achaby M, Kassab Z, Aboulkas A, Gaillard C, Barakat A. Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:681-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gu Y, Cheong KL, Du H. Modification and comparison of three Gracilaria spp. agarose with methylation for promotion of its gelling properties. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:104. [PMID: 29086888 PMCID: PMC5643584 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the gelling properties of agarose, we modified it by methylation. The agarose was prepared from Gracilaria asiatica, G. bailinae, and G. lemaneiformis with alkaline, treated with diatomaceous earth and activated carbon, and anhydrous alcohol precipitation. The methylation reaction process of agarose was performed with dimethyl sulfate while the chemical structure of low-gelling temperature of agarose was also studied by 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Results showed that the quality of agarose from G. asiatica is optimal. Its electroendosmosis is 0.116, sulfate content is 0.128%, and its gel strength (1.5%, w/v) is 1024 g cm-2, like those of the Sigma product (A9539). The gelling temperature, melting temperature, and gel strength of the low-gelling temperature agarose is 28.3, 67.0 °C, and 272.5 g cm-2, respectively. FT-IR Spectra and 13C-NMR spectra also showed that agarose was successfully methylated. Overall, this work suggests that low-gelling temperature agarose may have potential uses as an agar embedding material in various applications such as biomedicine, food, microbiology, and pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China.
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Impact of alkali pretreatment on yield, physico-chemical and gelling properties of high quality agar from Gracilaria tenuistipitata. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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