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Wang Y, Mei Y, Du R, Zhang S, Wang Q, Dao X, Li N, Wang L, Wang L, He H. Arginine as a regulator of antioxidant and gel formation in yak Myofibrillar proteins: Efficacy and mechanistic insights. Food Chem X 2024; 24:101839. [PMID: 39363893 PMCID: PMC11447302 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine (Arg), a safe basic amino acid, modulates interprotein interactions and impacts the processing characteristics of myofibrillar proteins (MP) in meat products, as numerous studies have demonstrated. This study aimed to explore the effects of varying concentrations of Arg (0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200 %) on the physicochemical properties and gel behavior of yak MP. Utilizing yak MP as the substrate, we assessed and analyzed the physicochemical attributes and gel performance of the MP-Arg composite system. The findings revealed that Arg facilitates MP unfolding and internal group exposure, effectively mitigating oxidative tertiary structure alterations. Arg exerts potent antioxidant activity on MP, augmenting their water-holding capacity, which ameliorates gel properties. In this experiment, 0.05 % Arg maximally inhibited oxidative damage to MP, with protection being concentration-dependent. Collectively, these findings suggest that Arg effectively inhibits the oxidative degradation of MP structure and promotes the formation of enhanced gel characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yiwen Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Rongsheng Du
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan 610016, PR China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Dao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi City, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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2
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Leng W, Li Y, Liang X, Li X, Gao R. Discovery and mechanistic analysis of a novel source protein glutaminase PG5 and its potential application. Food Chem 2024; 457:140121. [PMID: 38905834 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully obtained a novel source protein glutaminase PG5 with specific activity of 10.4 U/mg, good tolerance and broad substrate profile through big data retrieval. Structural analysis and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the catalytic pocket of Mature-PG5 contained a large number of aromatic amino acids and hydrophobic amino acids, and that Ser72 greatly affects the properties of the catalytic pocket and the affinity of PG5 for the substrate. In addition, molecular dynamics analysis revealed that the opening and closing between amino acid residues Gly65 and Thr66 with Cys164 at the catalytic cleft could affect substrate binding and product release. In addition, PG5 effectively improved the solubility of fish myofibrillar proteins under low-salt conditions while enhancing their foaming and emulsification properties. This study offers valuable insights into the catalytic mechanism of PG5, which will contribute to its future directed evolution and application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Leng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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3
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Leng W, Li Y, Yuan L, Li X, Gao R. Functional and Mechanistic Dissection of Protein Glutaminase PG3 and Its Rational Engineering for Enhanced Modification of Myofibrillar Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21122-21135. [PMID: 39269985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Protein glutaminases (PG; EC = 3.5.1.44) are enzymes known for enhancing protein functionality. In this study, we cloned and expressed the gene chryb3 encoding protein glutaminase PG3, exhibiting 39.4 U/mg specific activity. Mature-PG3 featured a substrate channel surrounded by aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids at positions 38-45 and 78-84, with Val81 playing a pivotal role in substrate affinity. The dynamic opening and closing motions between Gly65, Thr66, and Cys164 at the catalytic cleft greatly influence substrate binding and product release. Redesigning catalytic pocket and cocatalytic region produced combinatorial mutant MT6 showing a 2.69-fold increase in specific activity and a 2.99-fold increase at t65 °C1/2. Furthermore, MT6 boosted fish myofibrillar protein (MP) solubility without NaCl. Key residues such as Thr3, Asn54, Val81, Tyr82, Asn107, and Ser108 were vital for PG3-myosin interaction, particularly Asn54 and Asn107. This study sheds light on the catalytic mechanism of PG3 and guided its rational engineering and utilization in low-salt fish MP product production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Leng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Deng P, Teng S, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Liao B, Ren X, Zhang Y. Effects of basic amino acids on heterocyclic amines and quality characteristics of fried beef patties at low NaCl level. Meat Sci 2024; 215:109541. [PMID: 38776591 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The impact of basic amino acids (Lysine, Arginine, Histidine) on the formation of total heterocyclic amines (HAs) was investigated in fried beef patties at 1% NaCl level. Different levels of basic amino acids (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) significantly inhibited the formation of the total and individual HAs at 1% NaCl, and the inhibitory effect was more effective than 3% NaCl (6.19 ng/g, 26.93% inhibition) (P < 0.05). Lys at 1% reduced total HAs the most (2.46 ng/g, 70.88% inhibition), followed by 1% His (2.79 ng/g, 67.03% inhibition) and 1% Arg (3.43 ng/g, 59.51% inhibition). Compared to the 3% NaCl, the quality characteristics (moisture content, frying loss, texture profile, and color) of the fried beef patties were significantly improved when basic amino acids were added at 1% NaCl (P < 0.05). The lipid oxidation of fried beef patties was significantly inhibited by 1% Arg and 1% Lys at 1% NaCl level (P < 0.05). The results indicated that basic amino acids could inhibit the formation of total HAs while maintaining the quality of meat products at low NaCl condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Boqun Liao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaopu Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Li J, Li Z, Deng S, Benjakul S, Zhang B, Huo J. Effects of Heating Treatment on the Physicochemical and Volatile Flavor Properties of Argentinian Shortfin Squid (Illex argentinus). Foods 2024; 13:1025. [PMID: 38611331 PMCID: PMC11011332 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different heating temperatures (80, 90, 100, and 121 °C) on the physicochemical and volatile flavor properties of fried mantles (Argentinian shortfin) was investigated. The squid mantles were soaked in a maltose syrup solution (20% w/v) for 10 s and fried in soybean oil for 10 s (160 °C), vacuum-packed, and processed at different temperatures for 10 min. Then, the squid mantles were subjected to colorimetric analysis, sensory evaluation, free amino acid analysis, and texture profile analysis. In addition, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the squid mantles were analyzed. The results revealed that lower treating temperatures (80 and 90 °C) improved the chromatic and textural properties, along with organoleptic perception. Additionally, the content of amino acid in the squid mantles treated at 121 °C was significantly lower than that of the samples treated at other temperatures (p < 0.05). Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was used to detect 41 VOCs, including their monomers and dimers. Among these detected VOCs, the contents of alcohols, ketones, and pyrazines were positively correlated with temperature. However, the content of aldehydes in the squid mantles gradually decreased as the heating temperature increased (p < 0.05). The combined HS-GC-IMS and E-nose results revealed that the lower temperatures (80 and 90 °C) were more suitable for flavor development and practical processing. This study provides valuable information for properly controlling the heating process of squid products, as well as flavor and practical applications for the aquatic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagen Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (S.D.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (S.D.); (B.Z.)
| | - Shanggui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (S.D.); (B.Z.)
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (S.D.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jiancong Huo
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (S.D.); (B.Z.)
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Jia W, Guo A, Bian W, Zhang R, Wang X, Shi L. Integrative deep learning framework predicts lipidomics-based investigation of preservatives on meat nutritional biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38127336 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2295016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Preservatives are added as antimicrobial agents to extend the shelf life of meat. Adding preservatives to meat products can affect their flavor and nutrition. This review clarifies the effects of preservatives on metabolic pathways and network molecular transformations in meat products based on lipidomics, metabolomics and proteomics analyses. Preservatives change the nutrient content of meat products via altering ionic strength and pH to influence enzyme activity. Ionic strength in salt triggers muscle triglyceride hydrolysis by causing phosphorylation and lipid droplet splitting in adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase and triglyceride lipase. DisoLipPred exploiting deep recurrent networks and transfer learning can predict the lipid binding trend of each amino acid in the disordered region of input protein sequences, which could provide omics analyses of biomarkers metabolic pathways in meat products. While conventional meat quality assessment tools are unable to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms and pathways of variables in the influences of preservatives on the quality of meat products, the promising application of omics techniques in food analysis and discovery through multimodal learning prediction algorithms of neural networks (e.g., deep neural network, convolutional neural network, artificial neural network) will drive the meat industry to develop new strategies for food spoilage prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Agricultural Product Processing and Inspection Center, Shaanxi Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Agricultural Product Quality Research Center, Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an, China
- Food Safety Testing Center, Shaanxi Sky Pet Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiai Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwen Bian
- Agricultural Product Processing and Inspection Center, Shaanxi Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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7
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Bai G, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Teng W, Jin G, Geng F, Cao J. Research advances of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation in recognizing interaction between muscle proteins and exogenous additives. Food Chem 2023; 429:136836. [PMID: 37453331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
During storage and processing, muscle proteins, e.g. myosin and myoglobin, will inevitably undergo degeneration, which is thus accompanied by quality deterioration of muscle foods. Some exogenous additives have been widely used to interact with muscle proteins to stabilize the quality of muscle foods. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) are regarded as promising tools for recognizing dynamic molecular information at atomic level. Molecular docking and MDS can explore chemical bonds, specific binding sites, spatial structure changes, and binding energy between additives and muscle proteins. Development and workflow of molecular docking and MDS are systematically summarized in this review. Roles of molecular simulations are, for the first time, comprehensively discussed in recognizing the interaction details between muscle proteins and exogenous additives aimed for stabilizing color, texture, flavor, and other properties of muscle foods. Finally, research directions of molecular docking and MDS for improving the qualities of muscle foods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genpeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Yiling Pan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Teng
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Guofeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, 610106 Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048 Beijing, China.
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Li K, Wang LM, Gao HJ, Du MT, Bai YH. Use of basic amino acids to improve gel properties of PSE-like chicken meat proteins isolated via ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5136-5148. [PMID: 37961003 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the gel quality of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE)-like chicken protein isolate (PPI) obtained via ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction (UAE), l-lysine (l-Lys), l-arginine (l-Arg), or l-histidine (l-His) were used and the effects on the thermal gelling characteristics of PPI were studied. Compared with the nonbasic amino acid addition group, the addition of l-His/l-Arg/l-Lys significantly increased the solubility and absolute zeta potential of PPI, whereas reduced the particle size and turbidity (p < 0.05). They enhanced the gel strength and textural properties of PPI (p < 0.05) and reduced the cooking loss of PPI in the following order: l-Lys > l-Arg > l-His. The solubility, gel strength, and hardness of PPI with l-Lys were increased by 18.6%, 44.6%, and 57.6%, respectively, and cooking loss was decreased by 18.1%. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that basic amino acids addition decreased the water mobility in PPI gels with increasing immobile water content. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of basic amino acids promoted the formation of a more uniform and tight network microstructure in PPI gels. The α-helix content was decreased, whereas the β-sheet content was increased in PPI gels after basic amino acid addition. Therefore, addition of basic amino acids, especially l-Lys, enhances the gel properties of PPI. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study revealed that adding basic amino acids effectively improved the gel properties of PPI obtained via UAE method, with l-Lys exerting the best improvement effect. Our findings highlight the application value of PSE-like meat by the improvement of gel characteristics of PPI, providing a theoretical reference for the processing and utilization of PPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Meng Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jian Gao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Man-Ting Du
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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9
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Ren X, Zhang X, Sun P, Lin J, Zhang Y, Li D. Impact of L-arginine on the quality of heat-treated Antarctic krill: Influence of pH and the guanidinium group. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113499. [PMID: 37986414 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic krill suffers from severe water loss after heating, and its quality deteriorates, so it is in urgent need of a green and healthy improver. In this paper, the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) soaking on the modification of the quality of heat-treated Antarctic krill and the structure of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in Antarctic krill were investigated. The results showed that L-Arg had an ameliorating effect on heat-treated krill in a concentration-dependent relationship. The water-holding capacity of L-Arg-soaked krill was 1.41 times higher than that of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at an equivalent concentration (80 mM). At 120 mM L-Arg soaked, L* and hardness of krill decreased to 58.31 and 334.81 g, while resilience and moisture content increased to 0.47 and 85.29 % after heating, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the tissue state of the pH-corrected groups was better than the control, but not as well as that of the pH-uncorrected groups. pH and the guanidinium group in L-Arg both played roles in promoting the transition of MPs from disordered to ordered secondary structures. This transition reduced the exposure of hydrophobic and sulfhydryl groups in MPs, inhibited the protein aggregation and increased the solubility of MPs to 71.61 %, which ultimately improved the quality of heat-treated krill. It is worth noting that the pH effect had a primary influence on the observed effects, while the guanidinium group made a secondary contribution. These results could broaden the potential application of L-Arg as an improver of the quality of heat-treated krill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Peizi Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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10
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Zhang YW, Li JH, Teng S, Peng ZQ, Jamali MA. Quality improvement of prerigor salted ground chicken breast with basic amino acids at low NaCl level. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102871. [PMID: 37406440 PMCID: PMC10466239 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prerigor salting effect is known to provide superior meat processing quality. Based on the urgent need for low salt meat products, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prerigor salting effect when basic amino acids were introduced at 1% NaCl level. Ground chicken breast meat was salted with NaCl and basic amino acids at 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min postmortem for prerigor treatments. Compared to the 1% NaCl (w/w) treatment, the introduction of 0.06% basic amino acids (w/w) in the prerigor significantly led to an increase in myofibril fragmentation, myofibrillar protein solubility, emulsion activity, storage modulus change rate, gel water-holding capacity and hardness (P < 0.05). Furthermore, smaller and more uniformly sized droplets were produced in emulsion by basic amino acids. Individual basic amino acids had different prerigor salting effects, and it was indicated that basic amino acids could play a positive role in the prerigor salting effect when NaCl was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - J H Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - S Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Z Q Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - M A Jamali
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
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11
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Liu G, Li Z, Li Z, Hao C, Liu Y. Molecular dynamics simulation and in vitro digestion to examine the impact of theaflavin on the digestibility and structural properties of myosin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125836. [PMID: 37455005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction mechanism between theaflavin and myosin was explored to confirm the potential application of theaflavin in the meat protein system. A series of theaflavin and myosin solutions were prepared for spectroscopic studies. Spectroscopy results showed that theaflavins formed complexes with myosin and affected the microenvironment of myosin. And that addition of theaflavin cause static quenching of the myosin solution. Theaflavin and bovine myosin combined through hydrophobic interaction to form a complex, and gradually increasing the temperature was conducive to the binding of theaflavin and bovine myosin. This interaction results in a decrease in the α -helix content of myosin. Molecular dynamics simulation results confirmed that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds made the protein structure more compact and stable. And the in vitro digestion process was simulated. The results showed that the addition of theaflavin could significantly reduce the digestibility of myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxu Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixi Li
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zekun Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changchun Hao
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Wang Z, Li D, Liu X, Zhang M, Chu P, Zhu B, Liu D, Zhou D. Achieving dual functions of texture modification and water retention of shrimp surimi products with the combination of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and γ-cyclodextrin. Food Chem 2023; 418:136034. [PMID: 37003199 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exhibits excellent cross-linking effects of myofibrillar proteins, it is prone to self-aggregation, causing excessive cross-linking and moisture loss of gels, which limits its application as a food additive in surimi products. Here, through combination γ-cyclodextrin and EGCG into one inclusion complex, we achieved proper usage of EGCG in shrimp surimi products: elevating both water holding capability and texture properties (hardness, chewiness and resilience). Moreover, the mechanism behind excellent performance was elucidated: as texture modifiers, the complexes improved gel network integrity through intermolecular interactions and moderated disulfide bonds; and as water retainer agents, the complexes promoted transformation of nitrogen in proteins towards the form of protonated amino, facilitating the occurrence of hydration. Furthermore, the inclusion complexes brought a higher phenolic retention within products in contrast with direct addition of EGCG. This work may propose novel insights for the usage of polyphenols as additives in surimi-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Deyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Pengfei Chu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Dayong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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13
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Enhanced Gel Properties of Duck Myofibrillar Protein by Plasma-Activated Water: Through Mild Structure Modifications. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040877. [PMID: 36832952 PMCID: PMC9956232 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the gel properties and conformational changes of duck myofibrillar protein (DMP) affected by plasma-activated water (PAW) generated at various discharge times (0 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s). With the treatment of PAW-20 s, the gel strength and water-holding capacity (WHC) of DMP gels were significantly increased when compared to the control group. Throughout the heating process, dynamic rheology revealed that the PAW-treated DMP had a higher storage modulus than the control. The hydrophobic interactions between protein molecules were significantly improved by PAW, resulting in a more ordered and homogeneous gel microstructure. The increased sulfhydryl and carbonyl content in DMP indicated a higher degree of protein oxidation with PAW treatment. Additionally, the circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that PAW induced α-helix and β-turn transformed to β-sheet in DMP. Surface hydrophobicity, fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV absorption spectroscopy suggested that PAW altered DMP's tertiary structure, although the electrophoretic pattern indicated that the primary structure of DMP was mostly unaffected. These results suggest that PAW can improve the gel properties of DMP through mild alteration in its conformation.
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14
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Jiang Q, Chen N, Gao P, Yu D, Yang F, Xu Y, Xia W. Influence of L-arginine addition on the gel properties of reduced-salt white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) surimi gel treated with microbial transglutaminase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Gao X, Yang S, You J, Yin T, Xiong S, Liu R. Changes in Gelation Properties of Silver Carp Myosin Treated by Combination of High Intensity Ultrasound and NaCl. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233830. [PMID: 36496636 PMCID: PMC9735971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular behavior of myosin in a low-salt environment limited the production of surimi-based products. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) and NaCl (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mol/L) on the physicochemical indexes of myosin. The changes were evaluated by solubility, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, dynamic rheological properties, water holding capacity (WHC), microstructures, etc. For control samples, the gelation properties of myosin strengthened upon NaCl increasing. Combination of HIU and NaCl significantly improved the solubility of myosin, which was due to the conformational changes and the exposure of reactive groups. Meanwhile, the particle size of myosin obviously decreased when observed by atomic force microscope, which in turn promoted the stability of myosin. Furthermore, the improvement in solution behaviors of myosin treated by combination of HIU and NaCl contributed to the gelation properties as well as the formation of compact microstructures, which obtained high WHC and low cooking loss of myosin gels. In conclusion, combination of HIU and NaCl induced the unfolding of myosin with the exposure of reactive groups, consequently facilitating the formation of denser microstructures. Moreover, the biggest degree of improvement in gelation properties was observed at 0.1 mol/L NaCl combined with HIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan You
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ru Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Effects of lysine and arginine addition combined with high-pressure microfluidization treatment on the structure, solubility, and stability of pork myofibrillar proteins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Xiong Z, Shi T, Jin W, Bao Y, Monto AR, Yuan L, Gao R. Gel performance of surimi induced by various thermal technologies: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3075-3090. [PMID: 36193875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heating is a vital step in the gelation of surimi. Conventional water bath heating (WB) has the advantages of easy operation and low equipment requirements. However, the slow heat penetration during WB may lead to poor gel formation or gels prone to deterioration, especially with one-step heating. The two-step WB is time-consuming, and a large amount of water used tends to cause environmental problems. This review focuses on key factors affecting the quality of surimi gels in various heating technologies, such as surimi protein structure, chemical forces, or the activity of endogenous enzymes. In addition, the relationships between these factors and the gel performance of surimi under various heating modes are discussed by analyzing the heating temperature and heating rate. Compared with WB, the gel performance can be improved by controlling the heating conditions of microwave heating and ohmic heating, which are mainly achieved by changing the molecular structure of myofibrillar proteins or the activity of endogenous enzymes in surimi. Nevertheless, the novel thermal technologies still face several limitations and further research is needed to realize large-scale industrial production. This review provides ideas and directions for developing heat-induced surimi products with excellent gel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Xiong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yulong Bao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Abdul Razak Monto
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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18
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Mechanism of low-salt surimi gelation induced by microwave heating combined with l-arginine and transglutaminase: On the basis of molecular docking between l-arginine and myosin heavy chain. Food Chem 2022; 391:133184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Effects of zein modifying polar amino acids as surface stabilizers on the emulsification stability of milk cream diacylglycerol. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Song T, Liu H, Monto AR, Shi T, Yuan L, Gao R. Improvement of Storage Stability of Zein-Based Pickering Emulsions by the Combination of Konjac Glucomannan and L-Lysine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:955272. [PMID: 35898718 PMCID: PMC9309815 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.955272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, L-lysine (Lys) was employed together with konjac glucomannan (KGM) to fabricate zein colloidal particles (ZCPs) aimed at enhancing the storage stability of Pickering emulsions. With the addition of Lys, zein-Lys colloidal particles (ZLCPs) and zein-Lys-KGM (ZLKCPs) exhibited smaller particle size (133.64 ± 1.43, 162.54 ± 3.51 nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.10 ± 0.029, 0.13 ± 0.022), π value, and more adsorbed protein. Meanwhile, KGM underwent deamidation in an alkaline solution, so the emulsions stabilized by ZLKCPs exhibited a solid gel-like structure with higher storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′), leading to lower fluidity and better stability. The synergistic effects of Lys and KGM improved the stability of the emulsion. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds were the main driving forces forming colloidal particles, which were determined by driving force analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Abdul Razak Monto
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan,
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Ruichang Gao,
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21
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Lin J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun P, Ren X, Li D. Improving the texture properties and protein thermal stability of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) by L-lysine marination. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3916-3924. [PMID: 34952978 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality deterioration of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) after thermal processing limits its industrial application. This study sought to improve the texture characteristics of Antarctic krill after heat treatment through pre-soaking using l-lysine (Lys) solution and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Moreover, the effects of Lys on heat-treated Antarctic krill were explored. RESULTS Lys significantly reduced the cooking loss and improved the texture characteristics of Antarctic krill during heat treatment. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that Lys reduced the water loss of Antarctic krill during heat treatment. Additionally, the surface hydrophobicity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that Lys could inhibit the structural damage of Antarctic krill protein under the thermal denaturation condition and enhance the thermal stability of the protein. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that Lys could protect the structural integrity of Antarctic krill muscle fibers during heat treatment. CONCLUSION The cooking loss in the Lys added groups was better than the sodium tripolyphosphate added group, and 2.0% Lys solution could minimize the cooking loss of Antarctic krill. The secondary and tertiary structures of the Antarctic krill protein were actively protected by Lys during heat treatment. Overall, the study will provide insights into the application of Lys in the food industry as a natural additive and an alternative to phosphate. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Peizi Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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22
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Molecular dynamics simulation of the interactions between sesamol and myosin combined with spectroscopy and molecular docking studies. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Insight into the mechanism of myosin-fibrin gelation induced by non-disulfide covalent cross-linking. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Cao Y, Han X, Yuan F, Fan X, Liu M, Feng L, Li Z, Huang J. Effect of combined treatment of L-arginine and transglutaminase on the gelation behavior of freeze-damaged myofibrillar protein. Food Funct 2022; 13:1495-1505. [PMID: 35060582 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research focused on the effects of L-arginine (Arg, 5 mM), transglutaminase (TG, E : S = 1 : 500), and the combination (Arg + TG) on the physicochemical properties and heat-induced gel performance of freeze-damaged myofibrillar protein (MP). The incorporation of Arg decreased the α-helix percentage (48.4%) and the mean particle size of freeze-damaged MP, as well as cooking loss (46.5%) and the overall textural characteristics of MP gels. The addition of TG reduced the α-helix content by 10.7% but significantly enhanced the crosslinking and heat-induced gel behavior of freeze-damaged MP, resulting in a slight reduction of cooking loss (17.7%) and the most ideal textural properties of MP gels. Although the presence of Arg remarkably suppressed the heat-induced development of storage modulus (G') and reduced the hardness of MP gels (by 13.4%), the combination (Arg + TG) showed the lower cooking loss and the improved textural characteristics, with the set gel displaying the most delicate and compact microstructure. These findings indicated that the combination of Arg and TG could be a potential strategy to enhance the gelling performance of freeze-damaged meat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an, 710021, China.
| | - Xinrui Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an, 710021, China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an, 710021, China.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an, 710021, China.
| | - Li Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an, 710021, China.
| | - Zhaorui Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an, 710021, China.
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an, 710021, China.
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25
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Du J, Zhou C, Xia Q, Wang Y, Geng F, He J, Sun Y, Pan D, Cao J. The effect of fibrin on rheological behavior, gelling properties and microstructure of myofibrillar proteins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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A review of recent progress in reducing NaCl content in meat and fish products using basic amino acids. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Li M, Shi T, Wang X, Bao Y, Xiong Z, Monto AR, Jin W, Yuan L, Gao R. Plasma-activated water promoted the aggregation of Aristichthys nobilis myofibrillar protein and the effects on gelation properties. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1616-1624. [PMID: 36161225 PMCID: PMC9493387 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma is a new technology used to modify myofibrillar proteins (MPs) structure and promote protein aggregation. In order to study the mechanism of plasma modifying MPs thus the effects on qualities of MP gels, MPs were extracted by 0.6 M NaCl solution prepared with plasma-activated water (PAW) at different treatment time (0 s, 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 240 s). With the prolonged PAW treatment time from 0 to 240 s, the pH values of natural MP solutions decreased significantly from 5.91 to 2.61 (P < 0.05), the H2O2 concentration in PAW increased from 0 to 70.82 μg/L (P < 0.05), and the net negative charges of MPs first decreased and then increased (P < 0.05). In addition, PAW caused significantly (P < 0.05) weakened ionic bonds and enhanced hydrophobic interactions, which promoted the aggregation and gelation of MPs thus forming MP gel with higher gel strength and a denser three-dimensional network. Furthermore, Raman spectra and intrinsic fluorescence suggested that PAW promoted the unfolding of MP structures and transformation from α-helixes and random coils to β-sheets and β-turns. Dynamic rheology indicated a gradually increased storage modulus and shortened degradation time of MPs with an increasing treatment time of PAW. Furthermore, PAW modification significantly improved the water holding capacity of MPs gels. These results demonstrated that the declined pH of MP solutions induced by PAW and increased H2O2 in PAW altered the ζ-potential of MP solutions and promoted the unfolding and aggregation of MPs during heating via hydrophobic interactions, ultimately enhancing gelling properties of MPs. The present work suggested the potential use of PAW in preparing freshwater MP gels with high quality. pH values of MP solutions were declined gradually by PAW with the treatment time. The H2O2 concentration in PAW increased gradually with the treatment time. PAW promoted the unfolding of MPs and formation of β-sheets. PAW weakened the ionic bonds and enhanced the hydrophobic interactions among MPs. PAW60 showed the highest WHC and protein solubility contributed by hydrogen bonds.
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28
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Gao R, Wang X, Shi T, Wijaya GYA, Bai F, Wang J, Jin W, Yuan L. Enhanced physical properties of reduced‐salt surimi gels from Amur sturgeon (
Acipenser schrenckii
) by
l
‐arginine and
l
‐histidine. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
- Bio‐resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province School of Bioscience and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
| | | | - Fan Bai
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci‐Tech Development Co., Ltd. Quzhou P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci‐Tech Development Co., Ltd. Quzhou P.R. China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio‐resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province School of Bioscience and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
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29
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Sulfamide-substituted-BODIPY based fluorescence drugs: Synthesis, spectral characteristics, molecular docking, and bioactivity. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Wang X, Feng T, Wang X, Zhang X, Xia S. Gelation and microstructural properties of fish myofibrillar protein gels with the incorporation of l-lysine and l-arginine at low ionic strength. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5469-5477. [PMID: 33682127 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The solubility limitation and poor gelation properties of myofibrillar proteins at low ionic strength are the most challenging obstacle to limit salt reduction in meat products. In the present study, five amino acids with different concentrations of 5, 10 15, and 20 mmol L-1 , l-lysine (Lys), l-arginine (Arg), l-histidine (His), l-proline (Pro) and l-glycine (Gly), were introduced into myofibrillar protein (MP) suspensions at low ionic strength to improve solubility and gelation properties. RESULTS The dynamic rheological analysis showed that the MPs at 100 mmol L-1 NaCl containing 15/20 mmol L-1 Lys/Arg exhibited similar gelling behaviors to MPs at 600 mmol L-1 NaCl. Similarly, 15/20 mmol L-1 Lys/Arg significantly increased the solubility of MPs and the water holding capacity (WHC) and gel strength of MP gels, which was comparable to those of MPs at 600 mmol L-1 NaCl. Furthermore, Lys and Arg promoted the formation of aggregation-type gel with a dense and compact structure observed by scanning electron microscopy. The gels containing 15/20 mmol L-1 Lys/Arg exhibited a significant increase in the proportion of immobilized water (P21 ). CONCLUSION The enhancement of WHC, gel strength, and P21 was closely associated with the increased solubility and the dense microstructure induced by Lys and Arg with high concentrations of 15 and 20 mmol L-1 . The knowledge obtained from this study may be useful for the improvement of gelation properties of MPs at low ionic strength using l-lysine and l-arginine. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Xiong Z, Shi T, Zhang W, Kong Y, Yuan L, Gao R. Improvement of gel properties of low salt surimi using low-dose l-arginine combined with oxidized caffeic acid. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Filamentous myosin in low-ionic strength meat protein processing media: Assembly mechanism, impact on protein functionality, and inhibition strategies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ameliorative effects of L-arginine? On heat-induced phase separation of Aristichthys nobilis myosin are associated with the absence of ordered secondary structures of myosin. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110154. [PMID: 33642020 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to study the potential mechanism of L-arginine (L-Arg) on the heat-induced phase separation phenomenon of myosin from the perspective of conformational changes of myosin. L-Arg ameliorated the phase separation of myosin after a two-step heating procedure via suppression of heat-induced aggregation of myosin. The effect of L-Arg on the heating of myosin at high temperatures (75-85 °C) was more pronounced than that in the setting stage (35-45 °C), suggesting that the ameliorative effects of L-Arg on the heat-induced phase separation of myosin are mainly attributed to the inhibition of rod-rod cross-linking between denatured myosin molecules. Additionally, L-Arg without pH modification exhibited an increased ability to suppress the gelation of myosin compared with pH modification, indicating that both pH effects and the particular structure of L-Arg play noticeable roles in the suppression of myosin gelation. Far-UV circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that L-Arg induced the absence of ordered secondary structures of myosin molecules, especially β-sheets, and thus generated a looser protein structure, which may represent the dominant suppression mechanisms of L-Arg on the heat-induced aggregation of myosin. This work provided support for the use of L-Arg as a food additive, and the results of this study will be attractive to the meat and beverage products.
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Zheng H, Shiming L, Gaozhan X, Dingding R, Wenhong C, Chaohua Z, Jianjun Y. Effect of heat pretreatment before isoelectric solubilisation/precipitation on the characteristics of Pacific oyster (
Crassostrea hongkongensis
) and Antarctic krill (
Euphausia superba
) protein isolates. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen518116China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety Zhanjiang524088China
| | - Liang Shiming
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088China
| | - Xue Gaozhan
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088China
| | - Ren Dingding
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088China
| | - Cao Wenhong
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen518116China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety Zhanjiang524088China
| | - Zhang Chaohua
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen518116China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety Zhanjiang524088China
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University Quanzhou362000China
| | - Yuan Jianjun
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University Quanzhou362000China
- College of Oceanology and Food Science Quanzhou Normal University Quanzhou362000China
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Yi S, Ye B, Li J, Wang W, Li X. Physicochemical properties, protein conformation, and aggregate morphology of heated myosin from
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
and
Nemipterus virgatus
mixtures. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing Jinzhou Liaoning China
| | - Beibei Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing Jinzhou Liaoning China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing Jinzhou Liaoning China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing Jinzhou Liaoning China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing Jinzhou Liaoning China
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Shi T, Liu H, Song T, Xiong Z, Yuan L, McClements DJ, Jin W, Sun Q, Gao R. Use of l-arginine-assisted ultrasonic treatment to change the molecular and interfacial characteristics of fish myosin and enhance the physical stability of the emulsion. Food Chem 2020; 342:128314. [PMID: 33051101 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of l-arginine (Arg)-assisted ultrasonic treatment on the molecular and interfacial characteristics of myosin and emulsifying properties of the emulsion were evaluated to ascertain the underlying mechanism in improving the emulsion stability. Ultrasonication induced the exposure of residues of native myosin, which was increased by the addition of Arg (40 mM). Furthermore, in terms of emulsions containing Arg, the higher the ultrasonication intensity was, the greater the increase in adsorbed protein (from 15.43 ± 0.28% to 50.49 ± 1.65%) and π value, and the decrease in droplet sizes (from 4098 nm to 2324 nm) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the increase in the ordered structures of interfacial myosin induced by Arg and ultrasonication favoured the formation of a protein gelation network. In summary, Arg-assisted ultrasonic treatment improved the stability of the emulsion by inducing the exposure of native myosin and facilitating the formation of ordered structures of interfacial myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Teng Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Zhiyu Xiong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Sha'anxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China; Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Sha'anxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
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