1
|
Abbas Z, Tong Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Wei X, Si D, Zhang R. Potential Role and Mechanism of Mulberry Extract in Immune Modulation: Focus on Chemical Compositions, Mechanistic Insights, and Extraction Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5333. [PMID: 38791372 PMCID: PMC11121110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry is a rapidly growing plant that thrives in diverse climatic, topographical, and soil types, spanning temperature and temperate countries. Mulberry plants are valued as functional foods for their abundant chemical composition, serving as a significant reservoir of bioactive compounds like proteins, polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, these compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring elevated nitric oxide production induced by LPS stimulation through the downregulation of inducible NO synthase expression. Active components like oxyresveratrol found in Morus demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte migration through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Gallic and chlorogenic acids in mulberry leaves (ML) powder-modulated TNF, IL-6, and IRS1 proteins, improving various inflammatory conditions by immune system modulation. As we delve deeper into understanding its anti-inflammatory potential and how it works therapeutically, it is crucial to refine the extraction process to enhance the effectiveness of its bioactive elements. Recent advancements in extraction techniques, such as solid-liquid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, superficial fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, are being explored. Among the extraction methods tested, including Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), UAE demonstrated superior efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds from mulberry leaves. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the potential of mulberry as a natural immunomodulatory agent and provides insights into its mechanisms of action for future research and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.A.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Truzzi E, Marchetti L, Gibertini G, Benvenuti S, Cappellozza S, Giovannini D, Saviane A, Sirri S, Pinetti D, Assirelli A, Bertelli D. Phytochemical and functional characterization of cultivated varieties of Morus alba L. fruits grown in Italy. Food Chem 2024; 431:137113. [PMID: 37604000 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Morus alba L. fruits are considered functional foods with an important nutritional value for their high content of polyphenols. Therefore, the type and level of phytochemicals of the soroses from 13 M. alba cultivars grown in Italy were characterized due to the lack of data available about their nutraceutical properties. Mature M. alba fruits exhibited variable polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanins, and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents which resulted in different antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Regression models built on UHPLC-HRMS results revealed a strong correlation between the expression of quercetin derivatives, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, caffeoyl methyl quinates, and 5,5'-dehydrodivanillic acid, and the biological activity of each fruit. On another note, principal component analysis revealed that the quantity of caffeoyl/dicaffeoyl methyl quinate, caffeoylquinic acids, and quercetin derivatives decreased during ripening. The results on the compositional and functional characterization of mature M. alba fruits might improve their consumption and economic value in Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi, 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Lucia Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Giada Gibertini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Laboratorio di Gelsibachicoltura, Via Eulero, 6a, 35143 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - Daniela Giovannini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro per la Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via La Canapona 1 bis, 47121 Forlì (FC), Italy
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Laboratorio di Gelsibachicoltura, Via Eulero, 6a, 35143 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - Sandro Sirri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro per la Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via La Canapona 1 bis, 47121 Forlì (FC), Italy
| | - Diego Pinetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 213/A, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Alberto Assirelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via ella Pascolare 16, 00016 Monterotondo (Rm), Italy
| | - Davide Bertelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Urbanek Krajnc A, Senekovič J, Cappellozza S, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. The Darker the Better: Identification of Chemotype Profile in Soroses of Local and Introduced Mulberry Varieties with Respect to the Colour Type. Foods 2023; 12:3985. [PMID: 37959104 PMCID: PMC10650418 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberries are the "essence of the past", the so-called Proust effect, for the inhabitants of the sericultural regions who enthusiastically remember feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves and picking the different coloured fruits that were their favourite sweets in childhood. To determine the chemistry behind the colour and taste of mulberry soroses, the main metabolites of the local and introduced varieties were studied. The soroses were classified into five different colour types and the size parameters were determined. The main sugars identified were glucose and fructose, while the predominant organic acids were citric and malic acids, which were highest in the darker varieties, and fumaric and tartaric acids, which were highest in the lighter varieties. A total of 42 phenolic compounds were identified. The predominant phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid, followed by other caffeoylquinic acids and coumaroylquinic acids. The predominant anthocyanins were cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. According to PCA analysis, the colour types showed a clear chemotype character. The sweet taste of the yellowish-white soroses was defined by 49% fructose, followed by 45% glucose and 6% organic acids. The sour character of the black genotypes was characterised by a lower sugar and higher (11%) organic acid content. The colour- and species-dependent effect was observed in the proportion of caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin glycosides, which decreased with increasing colour intensity from 60% of the total to 7%, and from 17% to 1%, respectively. An upward trend was observed for flavanols (5% to 29%) and anthocyanins, which accounted for 62% of the total phenolics in black varieties. This article gives an insight into the metabolite composition of mulberry soroses as the sweets of choice between light and sweet and dark and sour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; (A.U.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Senekovič
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; (A.U.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via Eulero 6a, 35143 Padua, Italy;
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mudau FN, Chimonyo VGP, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T. Neglected and Underutilised Crops: A Systematic Review of Their Potential as Food and Herbal Medicinal Crops in South Africa. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:809866. [PMID: 35126143 PMCID: PMC8811033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The African continent harbours many native species with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential. This study reviewed underutilised crops in South Africa to determine their potential as food and herbal medicinal crops. Over 5,000 species have been identified and earmarked for their medical attributes in formal and informal setups. Researchers, plant breeders and policymakers have mostly ignored the development potential of these crops. Consequently, their value chains are poorly developed. In South Africa, there is a wide range of neglected and underutilised crops, which were historically popular and used by communities; however, over the years, they have lost their status within farming systems and been relegated to the status of neglected and underutilised. Recently, driven by the need to transition to more sustainable and resilient food systems, there has been renewed interest in their potential as food and herbal medicinal crops to establish new value chains that include vulnerable groups. They are now gaining global attention, and their conservation and sustainable utilisation are now being prioritized. The review confirmed that several of these crops possess nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties, highlighting their potential for development as food and herbal medicines. However, current production levels are too low to meet the requirements for industrial development; research and development should focus on all aspects of their value chain, from crop improvement to utilisation. A transdisciplinary approach involving a wide range of actors is needed to develop the identified neglected and underutilised crops' potential as food and herbal medicinal crops and support the development of new and inclusive value chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Vimbayi Grace Petrova Chimonyo
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Albert Thembinkosi Modi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI-GH), West Africa Office, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma Z, Liu Y, Feng X, Ibrahim SA, Huang W. Effects of different carriers on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of freeze‐dried mulberry powder. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging San Jose State University San Jose California USA
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro North Carolina USA
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, Zhu P, Cao B, Ma S, Li R, Wang X, Zhao A. An APSES Transcription Factor Xbp1 Is Required for Sclerotial Development, Appressoria Formation, and Pathogenicity in Ciboria shiraiana. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:739686. [PMID: 34646256 PMCID: PMC8503677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia diseases are important plant fungal diseases that, causes huge economic worldwide losses every year. Ciboria shiraiana is the main pathogen that results in mulberry sclerotia diseases. Sclerotia and appressoria play important roles in long-term pathogen survival and in host infection during life and disease cycles. However, the molecular mechanisms of sclerotial development and appressoria formation in C. shiraiana have not been well studied. Here, an Asm1p, Phd1p, Sok2p, Efg1p and StuAp (APSES)-type transcription factor in C. shiraiana, CsXbp1, involved in sclerotial development and appressoria formation was functionally characterized. Bioinformatics analyses showed that CsXbp1 contained an APSES-type DNA binding domain. The expression levels of CsXbp1 were higher in sclerotia and during later stages of infection. Compared with wild-type strains, hyphal growth was slower, the number and weight of sclerotia were reduced significantly, and appressoria formation was obviously delayed in CsXbp1 RNA interference (RNAi) strains. Moreover, the CsXbp1 RNAi strains showed weakened pathogenicity owing to compound appressoria defects. Tobacco rattle virus-mediated host-induced gene silencing enabled Nicotiana benthamiana to increase its resistance to C. shiraiana by reducing the CsXbp1 transcripts level. Thus, CsXbp1 plays vital roles in sclerotial formation, appressoria formation, and pathogenicity in C. shiraiana. This study provides new insights into the infection mechanisms of C. shiraiana and plant resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Boning Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Shuyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zandiehvakili G, Khadivi A. Identification of the promising Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. genotypes using pomological and chemical proprieties. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5698-5711. [PMID: 34646538 PMCID: PMC8498044 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. is a multi-purpose plant and is very popular found in local markets because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. The present work was carried out to study morphological and chemical properties of native accessions of this species. There were significant differences among the accessions investigated based on the morphological and chemical characters. Total phenolic content ranged from 4.84 to 49.58 mg/g fresh weight (FW). Total flavonoid content varied from 0.45 to 2.29 mg/g FW. Antioxidant activity measured with DPPH ranged from 0.32 to 16.99 mg/g FW, while it ranged from 6.64 to 84.15 µM FeSO4 FW with the FRAP method. The total phenol content showed significant and positive correlations with total flavonoid content (r = 0.33), antioxidant activity obtained with DPPH (r = 0.85), and antioxidant activity obtained with FRAP (r = 0.54). The ward dendrograms divided the accessions studied into two major clusters based on morphological and chemical characteristics. Based on the traits related to fruit quality such as fruit weight, fruit skin color, and fruit flavor, as well as in terms of chemical characteristics related to medicinal properties such as total flavonoids and antioxidant activity, 17 accessions were superior that could be used in breeding programs or cultivated directly. The present results can be used in defining conservation strategies, genetic improvement, and crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golnar Zandiehvakili
- Department of Horticultural SciencesFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesArak UniversityArakIran
| | - Ali Khadivi
- Department of Horticultural SciencesFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesArak UniversityArakIran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shreelakshmi SV, Nazareth MS, Kumar SS, Giridhar P, Prashanth KVH, Shetty NP. Physicochemical Composition and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds of Mulberry (Morus indica L.) Fruit During Ontogeny. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:304-310. [PMID: 34260014 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry fruit is well recognized as one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds. We investigated the physicochemical composition and characterized the bioactive compounds during different ripening stages of mulberry (Morus indica) fruit and evaluated their anti-quorum sensing activity on Chromobacterium violaceum. The proximate components such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were found to be high in the ripe fruit compared to unripe and mid-ripe fruit. The ripe fruit contained higher content of total phenolics and flavonoids (336.05 and 282.55 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), respectively). Epicatechin and resveratrol were the major polyphenols detected in the fruit with the range 5.13-19.46 and 4.07-14.45 mg/100 g FW, respectively. Chlorogenic acid and myricetin were predominant in the unripe and mid-ripe fruit (7.14 and 1.84 mg/100 g FW, respectively). The fruit was found to be an excellent source of anti-diabetic compound 1-deoxynojirimycin. The highest content of 1-deoxynojirimycin was present in the mid-ripe fruit, with a content of 2.91 mg/100 g FW. Furthermore, fruit extracts exhibited anti-quorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum by effectively inhibiting violacein production. Ripe fruit extracts showed the highest activity of 76.30% at 1 mg/mL and thus, could be used as a potent anti-quorum sensing agent. The results could be promising in the selection of appropriate developmental stages for M. indica fruit commercial exploitation in the food formulations rich in potential health components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Shreelakshmi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, 574 199, India
| | - Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - K V Harish Prashanth
- Biochemistry Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
| | - Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, 574 199, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghimire BK, Seo JW, Yu CY, Kim SH, Chung IM. Comparative Study on Seed Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Accessions of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133964. [PMID: 34209531 PMCID: PMC8271980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is a major cereal food worldwide, and is considered a potential source of minerals and bioactive compounds. Its wide adaptive range may cause variations in its agronomic traits, antioxidant properties, and phytochemical content. This extensive study investigated variations in seed characteristics, antioxidant properties, and total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of sorghum collected from different ecological regions of 15 countries. The antioxidant potential of the seed extracts of various sorghum accessions was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Significant variations in TPC were observed among the sorghum accessions. All 78 sorghum accessions used in this study exhibited significant variations in TFC, with the lowest and highest amount observed in accessions C465 and J542, respectively. DPPH scavenging potential of the seed extracts for all the accessions ranged from 11.91 ± 4.83 to 1343.90 ± 81.02 µg mL−1. The ABTS assay results were similar to those of DPPH but showed some differences in the accessions. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a wide variation range in the correlation between antioxidant activity and TPC, as well as TFC, among the sorghum accessions. A wide diversity range was also recorded for the seed characteristics (1000-seed weight and seed germination rate). A dendrogram generated from UPGMA clustering, based on seed traits, antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC was highly dispersed for these accessions. Variations among the accessions may provide useful information regarding the phytoconstituents, antioxidant properties, and phytochemical contents of sorghum and aid in designing breeding programs to obtain sorghum with improved agronomic traits and bioactive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimal-Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.-K.G.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Won Seo
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.-W.S.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chang-Yeon Yu
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.-W.S.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.-K.G.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.-K.G.); (S.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-010-547-08301
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Foodomics technology: promising analytical methods of functional activities of plant polyphenols. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
11
|
Sun Q, Wang N, Xu W, Zhou H. Ribes himalense as potential source of natural bioactive compounds: Nutritional, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2968-2984. [PMID: 34136164 PMCID: PMC8194758 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribes himalense Royle ex Decne. (family Saxifraaceae, subfamily Grossulariaceae, genus Ribes) is a wild berry fruit with illustrated health-promoting features, which widely distributed in Northwest China are deficiently exploited. This study aimed to assess the potential of a Ribes himalense as a source of natural bioactive compounds through characterizing its nutraceutical characteristics, phytochemicals properties, and antioxidant ability. Fresh berries were quantitatively analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidin, and polysaccharides contents through China National Food Safety Standard; the characterization and identification of extracts of wild berries obtained with ethanol 30%, ethanol 50%, and ethanol 95% were firstly performed by UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS2. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was evaluated via different assay methods such as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The results indicated that the most important bioactive composition was procyanidin (0.72%), polyphenols (0.49%), total flavonoids (0.38%), vitamin C (64.6 mg/100g FW), and K (218.44 mg/100 g FW), and a total of 95 compounds were detected with polyphenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins as the dominant, and also ethanol extract possessed stronger antioxidant activity. These results suggested that Ribes himalense fruit has great potential in protecting human health, with the focus on the development of functional products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Na Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
- Key laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai ProvinceXiningChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Main Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Berry Characteristics of Wild-Grown Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. caucasica Rousi) Genotypes in Turkey. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. caucasica Rousi) is one of the most important wild edible fruits, grown in Turkey for centuries without any chemical treatments. The plant is extremely resistant to adverse environmental conditions. In this study, the main agro-morphological and biochemical berry traits and, to a lesser extent, other plant morphological traits of 10 sea buckthorn genotypes sampled from the eastern Anatolia (Sivas province) region were assessed. Among the 10 genotypes, five of them presented a shrub growth habit, whereas five of them presented tree growth habit, with leaf area ranging from 2.56 to 4.22 cm2. The majority of genotypes had an oblong berry shape with variable berry skin color ranging from dark orange to orange, light orange, and yellow. The weight of 100 berries varied from 13.85 to 23.87 g, while juice yield and vitamin C content was found to be 44.87–57.15% and 37.45–62.85 mg/100 g fresh berry base, respectively. Soluble solid content (SSC) was in the range of 12.56–14.67%. The genotypes exhibited a great variability in total anthocyanin content (from 9.1 to 38.7 mg/L), with relatively dark-orange sea buckthorn berries containing more anthocyanin than orange, light-orange, and yellow berries. Linoleic acid was the main fatty acid detected in the pulp of sea buckthorn berries, ranging from 24.11% to 36.37%, depending on the genotype. Investigated genotypes proved also to be rich in total phenolic content, showing at the same time great variability in this trait. The results obtained from the relatively limited number of genotypes show promising traits for further valorization of both horticultural and nutritional traits, suggesting potentially even higher variability, if more genotypes are going to be considered in the future.
Collapse
|
13
|
Donno D, Mellano MG, Gamba G, Riondato I, Beccaro GL. Analytical Strategies for Fingerprinting of Antioxidants, Nutritional Substances, and Bioactive Compounds in Foodstuffs Based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: An Overview. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121734. [PMID: 33255692 PMCID: PMC7760506 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New technology development and globalisation have led to extreme changes in the agri-food sector in recent years that need an important food supply chain characterisation from plant materials to commercial productions. Many analytical strategies are commonly utilised in the agri-food industry, often using complementary technologies with different purposes. Chromatography on-line coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most selective and sensitive analytical methodologies. The purpose of this overview is to present the most recent MS-based techniques applied to food analysis. An entire section is dedicated to the recent applications of high-resolution MS. Covered topics include liquid (LC)– and gas chromatography (GC)–MS analysis of natural bioactive substances, including carbohydrates, flavonoids and related compounds, lipids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and other different molecules in foodstuffs from the perspectives of food composition, food authenticity and food adulteration. The results represent an important contribution to the utilisation of GC–MS and LC–MS in the field of natural bioactive compound identification and quantification.
Collapse
|
14
|
Donno D, Turrini F. Plant Foods and Underutilized Fruits as Source of Functional Food Ingredients: Chemical Composition, Quality Traits, and Biological Properties. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101474. [PMID: 33076549 PMCID: PMC7602697 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle and demographics, rising consumer incomes, and shifting preferences due to advanced knowledge about the relationships between food and health contribute to generate new needs in the food supply. Today, the role of food is not only intended as hunger satisfaction and nutrient supply but also as an opportunity to prevent nutrition-related diseases and improve physical and mental well-being. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the novel or less well-known plant foods that offer an opportunity for health maintenance. Recently, interest in plant foods and underutilized fruits is continuously growing, and agrobiodiversity exploitation offers effective and extraordinary potentialities. Plant foods could be an important source of health-promoting compounds and functional food ingredients with beneficial properties: the description of the quality and physicochemical traits, the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds, and the evaluation of their biological activities are important to assess plant food efficacy as functional foods or source of food supplement ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-8751
| | - Federica Turrini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beccaro GL, Donno D, Lione GG, De Biaggi M, Gamba G, Rapalino S, Riondato I, Gonthier P, Mellano MG. Castanea spp. Agrobiodiversity Conservation: Genotype Influence on Chemical and Sensorial Traits of Cultivars Grown on the Same Clonal Rootstock. Foods 2020; 9:E1062. [PMID: 32764341 PMCID: PMC7465019 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A large species diversity characterises the wide distribution of chestnuts in Asia, North America, and Europe, hence reflecting not only the adaptation of the genus Castanea to diverse environmental conditions, but also to different management strategies encompassing orchards. The characterisation and description of chestnut populations and cultivars are crucial to develop effective conservation strategies of one of the most important Italian and European fruit and wood species. Chestnut cultivars grown in the same pedoclimatic conditions and on the same clonal rootstock were characterised with sensory, spectrophotometric, and chromatographic analysis to determine the phytochemical composition and nutraceutical properties. A multivariate approach, including principal component analysis and conditional inference tree models, was also performed. The ease of peeling, seed colour, and intensity of sweetness were the sensory descriptors that allowed us to differentiate C. sativa cultivars. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 9.30 ± 0.39 mmol Fe+2 kg-1 DW ('Bouche de Bètizac') to 19.96 ± 1.89 mmol Fe+2 kg-1 DW ('Garrone Rosso'). Monoterpenes represented the main component, reaching 88% for hybrids, followed by polyphenols (10-25% for hybrids and chestnuts, respectively). A multivariate approach showed that phenolic acids and tannins were the bioactive classes with the highest discriminating power among different genotypes, and that genotype is a significant variable (p < 0.05). In addition, most of the analysed chestnut cultivars showed a content of bioactive compounds similar to or higher than the main hazelnut, walnut, and almond varieties. Chestnut agrobiodiversity could be intended as strictly associated to the genotype effect and underlines the large variability within the genus Castanea, and therefore, the importance of in farm and ex situ conservation of local germplasm is part of a global strategy aimed at increasing the levels of agrobiodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele L. Beccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Gianni Lione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Marta De Biaggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Gamba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Sabrina Rapalino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Isidoro Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Paolo Gonthier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Mellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martinović A, Cavoski I. The exploitation of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars and genotypes from Montenegro as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2020; 318:126549. [PMID: 32151920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (CC) fruits a source of bioactive compounds that are still being underutilized. In this study, a comprehensive characterization of 11 Montenegrin CC local or introduced genotypes and cultivars collected in the wild or from organic orchards is provided. Their potential utilizations as natural antioxidants, colorants and organic food ingredients were exploited. CC fruits had high level of vitamin C (48-108 mg/100 g), malic acid (104-375 mg/100 g), and total polyphenols (158-591mgGAE/100 g). They also displayed high antioxidant activity based on DPPH (623-1903µmolTE/100 g), ABTS (441-1475µmolTE/100 g), and FRAP (1509-5954µmolFe2+/100 g) assays. UHPLC-PDA-HESI-MS/MS analyses were used to quantify the concentration of phenolic acids (7.69-19.87 mg/100 g), flavonoids (10.87-44.34 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (11.85-195.43 mg/100 g) and iridoids (129.07-341.20 mg/100 g). For each of this groups, the most abundant were caftaric acid (12.24 mg/100 g), quercetin 3-glucuronide (29.66 mg/100 g), cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (130.93 mg/100 g) and loganic acid (303.3 mg/100 g), respectively. PCA and cluster heatmap analysis highlighted potentials for further exploitation of local genotypes and cultivars through organic food processing and breeding program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Martinović
- CIHEAM Bari - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 9 Via Ceglie, Valenzano, BA 70010, Italy
| | - Ivana Cavoski
- CIHEAM Bari - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 9 Via Ceglie, Valenzano, BA 70010, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kharbach M, Marmouzi I, El Jemli M, Bouklouze A, Vander Heyden Y. Recent advances in untargeted and targeted approaches applied in herbal-extracts and essential-oils fingerprinting - A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 177:112849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
De Biaggi M, Donno D, Mellano MG, Gamba G, Riondato I, Rakotoniaina EN, Beccaro GL. Emerging species with nutraceutical properties: Bioactive compounds from Hovenia dulcis pseudofruits. Food Chem 2019; 310:125816. [PMID: 31780226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis Thunberg is widely distributed in East Asia, where it is well known as a food, but it is rarely consumed in Western countries. Information about its composition is scarce and focused on southern hemisphere genotypes. In the present research, the main bioactive compounds of H. dulcis pseudofruits were characterised using phytochemical analysis (HPLC fingerprint) to improve knowledge about this plant and support development of potential food applications. These preliminary results showed high levels of catechins (157.18 ± 34.34 mg/100 gFW) and other phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant properties. Concentrations of ferulic acid were particularly high (9.66 ± 1.76 mg/100 gFW) and further studies would advance exploitation of this plant-food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Biaggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, TO, Italy.
| | - Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Mellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gamba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Isidoro Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Ernest N Rakotoniaina
- Département de Biologie et Écologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Gabriele L Beccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, TO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Modulate the Crop Performance and Metabolic Profile of Saffron in Soilless Cultivation. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is cultivated worldwide. Its stigmas represent the highest-priced spice and contain bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. Saffron cultivation commonly occurs in open field, and spice yield can vary greatly, from 0.15 to 1.5 g m−2, based on several agronomic and climatic factors. In this study, we evaluated saffron cultivation in soilless systems, where plants can benefit from a wealth of nutrients without competition with pathogens or stresses related to nutrient-soil interaction. In addition, as plant nutrient and water uptake can be enhanced by the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we also tested two inocula: a single species (Rhizophagus intraradices) or a mixture of R. intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae. After one cultivation cycle, we evaluated the spice yield, quality (ISO category), antioxidant activity, and bioactive compound contents of saffron produced in soilless systems and the effect of the applied AMF inocula. Spice yield in soilless systems (0.55 g m−2) was on average with that produced in open field, while presented a superior content of several health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and elevated antioxidant activity. The AMF symbiosis with saffron roots was verified by light and transmission electron microscopy. Inoculated corms showed larger replacement corms (+50% ca.). Corms inoculated with R. intraradices performed better than those inoculated with the mix in terms of spice quality (+90% ca.) and antioxidant activity (+88% ca.). Conversely, the mixture of R. intraradices and F. mosseae increased the polyphenol content (+343% ca.). Thus, soilless systems appeared as an effective alternative cultivation strategy for the production of high quality saffron. Further benefits can be obtained by the application of targeted AMF-based biostimulants.
Collapse
|
20
|
Donno D, Mellano MG, Hassani S, De Biaggi M, Riondato I, Gamba G, Giacoma C, Beccaro GL. Assessing Nutritional Traits and Phytochemical Composition of Artisan Jams Produced in Comoros Islands: Using Indigenous Fruits with High Health-Impact as an Example of Biodiversity Integration and Food Security in Rural Development. Molecules 2018; 23:E2707. [PMID: 30347846 PMCID: PMC6222852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Comoros Islands, as in other developing countries, malnutrition and food insecurity affect a very large percentage of the population. Developing fruit-based products in order to make profit, reduce poverty and improve indigenous people diet could be very important for local population of countries as Comoros Islands. The aim of the present work was to study the chemical composition of jams and jellies produced from seven fruit species harvested in Grand Comore Island. The following parameters were studied sugars and organic acids, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the main phytochemicals. Antioxidant activity was also measured. A multivariate approach (Principal Component Analysis) was performed in order to better characterize the products and to set a potential analytical tool for jam characterisation. Results showed that the analysed products are a good source of polyphenolic constituents, as caffeic and gallic acids, catechin and quercetin and volatile compounds, as limonene and γ-terpinene: these molecules may be considered as suitable markers for these fruit-derived products as characterizing the chromatographic patterns. The characterisation of these products and their nutritional and nutraceutical traits is important as valorisation of local food production for poverty reduction and rural development. Further benefits of this approach include the maintenance of local agro-biodiversity as raw material for fruit-based products and the strengthening of food security practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Mellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Saandia Hassani
- École National de Cuisine et d'Application-Codcom, 167 Moroni, Comoros.
| | - Marta De Biaggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Isidoro Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Gamba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Cristina Giacoma
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Loris Beccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dai F, Wang Z, Li Z, Luo G, Wang Y, Tang C. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) fruit response to Ciboria carunculoides. J Proteomics 2018; 193:142-153. [PMID: 30315889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of the mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) fruit response to Ciboria carunculoides infection. A transcriptomic and proteomic study was carried out based on RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification analysis, respectively. These data were then validated using quantitative real-time PCR and multiple reaction monitoring assays. Comparative analyses revealed that 9.0% of the transcriptome and 20.8% of the proteome were differentially regulated after C. carunculoides infection at the early stage (stage 1) and middle stage (stage 2), but correlation analysis revealed that only 145 genes were differentially regulated at both the transcriptome and proteome levels. The combined transcriptome and proteome analysis showed that plant hormone signal transduction, calcium-mediated defense signaling, transcription factors, and secondary metabolites were stimulated, whereas photosynthesis and cellular growth-related metabolism were suppressed after C. carunculoides infection. These finding provide theoretical foundation for disease resistance breeding of C. carunculoides. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Ciboria carunculoides is a major fungal pathogen that infects mulberry fruit, leading to extensive damage and productivity loss. Despite this major impact, the mulberry fruit response to C. carunculoides infection has yet to be characterized. This study provides the first system-wide datasets with which to examine changes in the transcriptome and proteome after C. carunculoides infection in mulberry fruit. The results showed that plant hormone signal transduction, calcium-mediated defense signaling, and other pathways were stimulated, whereas photosynthesis and cellular growth-related metabolism were suppressed by C. carunculoides. These results will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms triggered in mulberry fruit in response to C. carunculoides infection and will provide new molecular targets for regulating defense responses to fungal pathogens in berry fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Dai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun R, Sun L, Han C. Partial-least-squares and canonical-correlation analysis of chemical constituents and active ingredients of new types of Chinese mulberries. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1950-1959. [PMID: 30349685 PMCID: PMC6189618 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between chemical constituents and active ingredients of 13 types of Chinese mulberry fruits. METHODS Thirteen types mulberry fruits were harvested. The correlation between chemical constituents and active ingredients (primarily anthocyanins and rutins) of 13 new types of Chinese mulberries was assessed using partial-least-squares, principle-component and canonical-correlation analyses. RESULTS Vitamin C and titratable acid in the mulberry fruits were critical components that affected the active ingredients, especially anthocyanins and rutins. The content of titratable acid content was related to the fruit flavor and maintained the balance of anthocyanins, vitamin C and rutins. Mineral elements, such as Zn and Cu, also played a vital role in these processes. Low contents of sugar, crude protein, crude fat and pectin were significantly correlated with the mineral elements. CONCLUSION Chemical constituents and mineral elements can mutually affect the concentration. It provides a novel method for any changes in the quality of new types of Chinese mulberries, which can identify the sources of new types of natural antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- School of Food Science and EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Lei Sun
- Economic Forest InstituteShandong Academy of Forestry SciencesJinanChina
| | - Chuanming Han
- Economic Forest InstituteShandong Academy of Forestry SciencesJinanChina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Biaggi M, Donno D, Mellano MG, Riondato I, Rakotoniaina EN, Beccaro GL. Cornus mas (L.) Fruit as a Potential Source of Natural Health-Promoting Compounds: Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Bioactive Components. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:89-94. [PMID: 29671173 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interest in new sources of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds has recently become a major research issue, with the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) receiving particular attention for its significant amounts of phenolic compounds and vitamins, which exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. This study was aimed at increasing knowledge regarding the cornelian cherry in Italy through the analysis of biologically active substances in the locally available genotype "Chieri". Spectrophotometric methods were applied to evaluate antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content and total polyphenolic content. Identification and quantification of the main phytochemical compounds (polyphenols, monoterpenes, organic acids and vitamin C) was performed via high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector. C. mas extracts showed high levels of total soluble solids and low acidity. High amounts of phenolic secondary metabolites were observed, with particular reference to anthocyanins (134.71 mgC3G/100 gFW), which confer remarkable nutraceutical properties to the analysed samples. These results highlight the potential of C. mas fruits as a good source of natural antioxidants, suggesting their use as a functional food. Future studies should focus on identifying other specific phytochemical compounds and the genetic traits of local varieties in order to improve cornelian cherry cultivars for food and medicine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Biaggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Mellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Isidoro Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ernest N Rakotoniaina
- Département de Biologie et Écologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Gabriele L Beccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Impact of ultrasonication and pulsed light treatments on phenolics concentration and antioxidant activities of lactic-acid-fermented mulberry juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
25
|
Kwaw E, Ma Y, Tchabo W, Apaliya MT, Wu M, Sackey AS, Xiao L, Tahir HE. Effect of lactobacillus strains on phenolic profile, color attributes and antioxidant activities of lactic-acid-fermented mulberry juice. Food Chem 2018; 250:148-154. [PMID: 29412905 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on color properties, phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of mulberry juice. Mulberry juice was separately fermented at 37 °C for 36 h using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei. The results showed that lactic acid fermentation impacted on the color of the juice. Moreover, the study demonstrated that LABs impacted on the phenolic profile of the juice. Syringic acid, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin were the predominant phenolic acid, anthocyanin and flavonol respectively in the lactic-acid-fermented mulberry juice. The degree of radical scavenging activity was species-specific with the L. plantarum fermented juice having the highest radical scavenging activities. The correlation analysis demonstrated that flavonols and anthocyanins were mostly responsible for the increased in 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity while phenolic acids and flavonols were responsible for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and reducing power capacity of the fermented juice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kwaw
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; School of Applied Sciences and Arts, Cape Coast Technical University, P. O. Box AD50, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - William Tchabo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Maurice Tibiru Apaliya
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Augustina Sackle Sackey
- School of Applied Sciences and Arts, Cape Coast Technical University, P. O. Box AD50, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Lulu Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Haroon Elrasheid Tahir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khalifa I, Zhu W, Li KK, Li CM. Polyphenols of mulberry fruits as multifaceted compounds: Compositions, metabolism, health benefits, and stability—A structural review. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
27
|
Donno D, Mellano MG, Cerutti AK, Beccaro GL. Nutraceuticals in Alternative and Underutilized Fruits as Functional Food Ingredients: Ancient Species for New Health Needs. ALTERNATIVE AND REPLACEMENT FOODS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7149706 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811446-9.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A diet containing high levels of fruit has been associated with a lowered risk of chronic diseases as, in addition to their vitamin and mineral content, they also contain various compounds with health-protective effects, in particular antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds. Wild plant species are of interest to the food industry because of their ability to replace synthetic chemicals and nutraceuticals; however, the nutritional, economical, and sociocultural values of some neglected and underutilized natural resources have not yet been fully exploited. Some of these less well-known and underutilized fruits, which have the potential to provide novel sources of health-promoting agents, are presented in this chapter (i.e., Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, Crataegus azarolus L., Lycium barbarum L., Morus nigra L., and Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medicus). Underutilized fruits could represent an opportunity for growers to gain access to these special markets where consumers place emphasis on high contents of nutrients that are capable of preventing degenerative diseases. The development of specific horticultural models for nutraceutical fruit production could be an interesting opportunity to obtain a highly standardized raw material for fresh or derived products.
Collapse
|
28
|
Effect of drying methods on the content of natural pigments and antioxidant capacity in extracts from medicinal plants: a spectroscopic study. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
29
|
Donno D, Cerutti AK, Mellano MG, Prgomet Z, Beccaro GL. Serviceberry, a berry fruit with growing interest of industry: Physicochemical and quali-quantitative health-related compound characterisation. J Funct Foods 2016; 26:157-166. [PMID: 32288790 PMCID: PMC7104996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik., commonly called serviceberry, is a potential functional food that is also used for its medicinal purposes. This work evaluated the potential of a cultivated serviceberry species as a functional food by characterising its physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, phenolics and other phytochemicals selected as health-promoting biomarkers, using high-performance liquid chromatography. The most important compound class identified was polyphenols (62.10%), followed by organic acids (22.63%), monoterpenes (7.95%), and vitamins (7.32%). Results showed that serviceberry fruits could be good sources of phenolic constituents, as catechins (343.46 ± 29.46 mg/100 gFW), anthocyanins (220.66 ± 17.43 mg/100 gFW), and tannins (209.29 ± 7.81 mg/100 gFW) (FW = fresh weight). These results highlight the potential role of A. canadensis fruits as a functional food. Further studies are needed to identify several genotypes for breeding to get suitable cultivars for fresh consumption and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - A K Cerutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - M G Mellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Z Prgomet
- Polytechnic of Rijeka, Trpimirova 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - G L Beccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Akin M, Eyduran SP, Ercisli S, Kapchina-Toteva V, Eyduran E. Phytochemical profiles of wild blackberries, black and white mulberries from southern Bulgaria. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1204943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meleksen Akin
- Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sadiye Peral Eyduran
- Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Veneta Kapchina-Toteva
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ecevit Eyduran
- Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Sciences, Biometry Genetics Unit, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Donno D, Beccaro GL, Carlen C, Ançay A, Cerutti AK, Mellano MG, Bounous G. Analytical fingerprint and chemometrics as phytochemical composition control tools in food supplement analysis: characterization of raspberry bud preparations of different cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3157-3168. [PMID: 26459916 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., provides several plant parts (as buds) used for food supplements. The aim of this research was to establish a technique for chemical composition control of R. idaeus herbal preparations, using chromatographic methods. These methods allowed us to identify and quantify the main phytochemicals, obtaining a specific phytochemical fingerprint (phytocomplex). Combined with two different chemometric methods - clustering analysis and principal component analysis - the raspberry bud extracts of the different cultivars were efficiently characterized. RESULTS Rubus idaeus buds were identified as a rich source of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds: organic acids, vitamins and catechins were found to be the most discriminating variables by chemometric techniques to differentiate raspberry cultivars. In particular, catechins (13.25%) and flavonols (8.71%) were the most important polyphenolic classes, followed by cinnamic and benzoic acids. CONCLUSION This study developed a useful tool for R. idaeus extract phytochemical characterization that could be applied also for differentiation and composition control of other herbal preparations. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
| | - Gabriele L Beccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
| | - Christoph Carlen
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, 1964, Conthey, Switzerland
| | - André Ançay
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, 1964, Conthey, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro K Cerutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Mellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bounous
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Influence of applied drying methods on phytochemical composition in fresh and dried goji fruits by HPLC fingerprint. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Phytochemical fingerprint and chemometrics for natural food preparation pattern recognition: an innovative technique in food supplement quality control. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 53:1071-83. [PMID: 27162387 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the fingerprint approach using chromatography has become one of the most effective tools for quality assessment of herbal medicines and food supplements: due to the complexity of the chromatographic fingerprint and the irreproducibility of chromatographic instruments and experimental conditions, chemometric approach is employed to deal with the chromatographic fingerprint. The study was aimed at developing new analytical methods for the multivariate phytochemical fingerprinting of bioactive compounds in eight tree-species bud-preparations, commonly used in phytotherapy. Methods was used to identify and quantify the main bioactive compounds (polyphenols, organic acids and vitamins), and obtain a specific botanical profile in order to assess the contribution of each single bioactive class to the total bud preparation phytocomplex. A chemometric approach was used to distinguish among different genotypes assuring the identity, safety and quality of the botanical raw materials. The established protocol was simple, sensitive and reliable and it could be used for the evaluation and quality control of bud-extracts and natural food supplements: the proposed method was successfully applied to the characterization of commercial bud-preparations, demonstrating to be an effective tool for the fingerprinting of this plant material. The new approach developed in this study represents a good alternative for improving the classification results of herbal materials with complex chromatograms. It should be necessary to develop a "multivariate chromatographic fingerprint", in order to differentiate the herbal preparations according to their genotype, avoiding substitutions, changes or adulterations with other species or synthetic drugs.
Collapse
|