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Torres-Vargas JA, Cheng-Sánchez I, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Sarabia F, García-Caballero M, Quesada AR. Characterization of the activity and the mechanism of action of a new toluquinol derivative with improved potential as an antiangiogenic drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kouakou K, Panda SK, Yang MR, Lu JG, Jiang ZH, Van Puyvelde L, Luyten W. Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds From Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex. DC (Connaraceae) Leaves Through Bioassay-Guided Fractionation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:705. [PMID: 31031719 PMCID: PMC6470257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different parts of Cnestis ferruginea are used in traditional African medicine for treating infectious diseases such as dysentery, bronchitis, eye troubles, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Despite its long traditional use in the treatment of infections, this plant is not well studied for its in vitro antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the present study aims to establish the antimicrobial activity profile of extracts from this plant, as well as to isolate and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the most abundant bioactive compound in C. ferruginea leaves through bioassay-guided purification, using Staphylococcus aureus as a target organism. Although both methanol and water extracts of the plant leaves proved active against S. aureus, a water extract was pursued, and subjected further to liquid-liquid partitioning (ethyl acetate, butanol, and water). The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most potent and was subjected to silica gel chromatography. In total, 250 fractions were obtained, and those with similar TLC profiles were clustered into 22 major groups, of which pooled fraction-F6 (83 mg) was the most potent. Additional purification by HPLC resulted in two active peaks, which were identified, using a combination of NMR and mass spectrometry, as hydroquinone and caffeic acid methyl ester. Their antimicrobial activity was confirmed using a microdilution protocol on S. aureus, where hydroquinone had a stronger activity (MIC50 = 63 μg/mL) compared to caffeic acid methyl ester (>200 μg/mL). Traditionally this plant is used as an aqueous preparation to treat many infections, and the present study also demonstrated antimicrobial activity in the aqueous extract, which appears due mainly to two major water-soluble compounds isolated through bioassay-guided purification. This supports the clinical use of the aqueous extract of C. ferruginea leaves as a phytotherapeutic for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Kouakou
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Ming-Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing-Guang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Luc Van Puyvelde
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Amissah JGN, Hotchkiss JH, Watkins CB. Nitric oxide inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase in fresh-cut apples ( Malus domestica Borkh). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11076-11081. [PMID: 24093618 DOI: 10.1021/jf4021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite treatment on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and the shelf life of apple tissue were investigated. Fresh-cut apple slices were stored for 2 days at 6 °C in 0.25-1% NO (v/v, balance N2) or 100% N2 atmospheres. Slices were also treated with 1% NO or 2 mM sodium nitrite (NaNO2) for 20 min, stored for 6 weeks in 100% N2 at 6 °C, and analyzed for acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate accumulation, firmness, and color. Compared with N2 or deionized water controls, treatment with 1% NO or 2 mM NaNO2 inhibited ethanol accumulation, whereas that of acetaldehyde increased. Ethyl acetate accumulation was inhibited only by NO. Slice firmness was not affected by NO or NaNO2 treatment, but slices were darker than the untreated controls. NO and nitrite may extend the shelf life of fresh-cut produce with low concentrations of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Gerald Niilante Amissah
- Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Horticulture, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Antioxidant profile of strawberry tree honey and its marker homogentisic acid in several models of oxidative stress. Food Chem 2011; 129:1045-53. [PMID: 25212335 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of several honeys was evaluated considering the different contribution of entire samples. The strawberry tree honey emerged as the richest in total phenols and the most active honey in the DPPH and FRAP tests, and could protect cholesterol against oxidative degradation (140°C). Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, HGA), the main phenolic compound from strawberry tree honey, showed interesting antioxidant and antiradical activities, and protective effect against thermal-cholesterol degradation, comparable to those of well known antioxidants. Moreover, the pre-treatment with HGA significantly preserved liposomes and LDL from Cu(2+)-induced oxidative damage at 37°C for 2h, inhibiting the reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol and the increase of their oxidative products. This phenol had no toxic effect in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells within the concentration range tested (5-1000μM). HGA was able to pass through the Caco-2 monolayers, the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) in the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical direction were 3.48±1.22×10(-6) and 2.18±0.34×10(-6)cm/s, respectively, suggesting a passive diffusion pathway as the dominating process. The results of the work qualify HGA as natural antioxidant, able to exert a significant in vitro protective effect and to contribute to the strawberry tree honey antioxidant activity.
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Wang HC, Brumaghim JL. Polyphenol Compounds as Antioxidants for Disease Prevention: Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging, Enzyme Regulation, and Metal Chelation Mechanisms in E. coliand Human Cells. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao C. Wang
- Chemistry Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973
| | - Julia L. Brumaghim
- Chemistry Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973
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Felim A, Herrera G, Neudörffer A, Blanco M, O’Connor JE, Largeron M. Synthesis and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Profile of the R-Enantiomer of 3,4-Dihydroxymethamphetamine (R-(−)-HHMA): Comparison with Related Catecholamines. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 23:211-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx9003374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Felim
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d’Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France, and Laboratorio de Citómica, Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Herrera
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d’Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France, and Laboratorio de Citómica, Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anne Neudörffer
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d’Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France, and Laboratorio de Citómica, Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Blanco
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d’Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France, and Laboratorio de Citómica, Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Enrique O’Connor
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d’Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France, and Laboratorio de Citómica, Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martine Largeron
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d’Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France, and Laboratorio de Citómica, Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
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Park JY, Hong JW, Gadd GM. Phenol degradation by Fusarium oxysporum GJ4 is affected by toxic catalytic polymerization mediated by copper oxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:765-771. [PMID: 19211129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A phenol-degrading fungus, Fusarium oxysporum GJ4, was isolated from contaminated soil and was able to use phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. Catechol was detected during phenol degradation and this was polymerized by Cu(2)O added to the medium. F. oxysporum GJ4 was unable to degrade phenol at concentrations greater than 2mM when Cu(2)O was present in the liquid growth medium. Catechol polymerization and deposition on the fungal surface was thought to be the main reason for the cessation of phenol degradation by F. oxysporum GJ4. Such catalytic polymerization of catecholic products by Cu(2)O during the biodegradation of phenol or other phenolic products must be considered as a possible interference factor in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Park
- Division of Molecular and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland, UK
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Fleury MB, Neudörffer A, Felim A, Blanco M, Monnet FP, Largeron M. [Metabolites of ecstasy and cytotoxicity effects]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2009; 67:91-6. [PMID: 19298892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular injection of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) in rats fails to reproduce long-term toxic effects observed after peripheral administration. Therefore, systemic metabolites would play an essential role in the development of cytotoxicity. In humans, the major metabolite is the 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine derivative (HHMA), which is easily oxidizable to the orthoquinone species. This can either participate to redox cycling generating semiquinone radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), or react with endogenous thiol derivatives yielding catechol-thioether conjugates whose the toxicity is not well established. A one pot electrochemical procedure has been developed allowing the synthesis of several catechol-thioether metabolites. Two in vitro assays have been used for evaluating their specific cytotoxicity. The first one is a bacterial assay, which shows that HHMA and some catechol-thioether conjugates can induce toxic phenomena leading to the formation of ROS, through redox cycling processes involving o-quinonoid species. The second one is an assay of cellular viability, performed on rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. It confirms that some of these metabolites exhibit a noticeable cytotoxicity by markedly eliciting both necrosis and apoptosis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-B Fleury
- UMR 8638, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, CNRS-université Paris-Descartes, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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Dumas EM, Ozenne V, Mielke R, Nadeau J. Toxicity of CdTe Quantum Dots in Bacterial Strains. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2009; 8:58-64. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2009.2017313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Peyrot F, Ducrocq C. Potential role of tryptophan derivatives in stress responses characterized by the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:235-46. [PMID: 18341517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To face physicochemical and biological stresses, living organisms evolved endogenous chemical responses based on gas exchange with the atmosphere and on formation of nitric oxide (NO(*)) and oxygen derivatives. The combination of these species generates a complex network of variable extension in space and time, characterized by the nature and level of the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) and of their organic and inorganic scavengers. Among the latter, this review focusses on natural 3-substituted indolic structures. Tryptophan-derived indoles are unsensitive to NO(*), oxygen and superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)), but react directly with other ROS/RNS giving various derivatives, most of which have been characterized. Though the detection of some products like kynurenine and nitroderivatives can be performed in vitro and in vivo, it is more difficult for others, e.g., 1-nitroso-indolic compounds. In vitro chemical studies only reveal the strong likelihood of their in vivo generation and biological effects can be a sign of their transient formation. Knowing that 1-nitrosoindoles are NO donors and nitrosating agents indicating they can thus act both as mutagens and protectors, the necessity for a thorough evaluation of indole-containing drugs in accordance with the level of the oxidative stress in a given pathology is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Peyrot
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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11
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Wang G, Chen K, Chen L, Hu C, Zhang D, Liu Y. The involvement of the antioxidant system in protection of desert cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. against UV-B radiation and the effects of exogenous antioxidants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 69:150-7. [PMID: 16759702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we found that UV-B radiation decreased photosynthetic activity and boosted lipid peroxidation of desert Nostoc sp., and exogenous chemicals (ascorbate acid (ASC), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) had obvious protective effects on photosynthesis and membranes under UV-B radiation. High-concentration SNP boosted the activities of antioxidant enzymes, but low-concentration SNP reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Both NAC and ASC treatments of cells decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. The results suggested that those chemicals possibly had different mechanisms of protection of algae cells against UV-B radiation. SNP might play double roles as a signal molecule in the formation of algae cell protection of Photosystem II under UV-B radiation and as a (reactive oxygen species) scavenger, while NAC and ASC might function as antioxidant reagents or precursors of other antioxidant molecules, which could protect cells directly against ROS initiated by UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Lin CH, Huang CC, Wang TW, Wang YJ, Lin PH. Disparity in the induction of glutathione depletion, ROS formation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation, and apoptosis by quinonoid derivatives of naphthalene in human cultured cells. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 165:200-10. [PMID: 17224139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in the induction of cytotoxic effects and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells by quinonoid derivatives of naphthalene, including 1,2-naphthalenediol (NCAT), 1,4-naphthalenediol (NHQ), 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ). Results from the cytotoxic response analyses in cells indicated that all naphthalene quinonoids induced cell death in MCF-7 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100microM where NHQ and 1,4-NQ were more efficient than NCAT and 1,2-NQ in the induction of cell death. Results from Western blot analyses confirmed that treatment of cells with NCAT and NHQ resulted in up-regulation of p53 protein expression and a significant shift in bax/bcl2 ratio, suggesting the induction of p53-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, we observed that all naphthalene quinonoids induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and glutathione (GSH) depletion in MCF-7 cells. The induction of ROS formation and GSH depletion in cells by naphthalene quinonoids decreases in the rank order 1,4-NQ>NHQ>1,2-NQ approximately equal to NCAT. Further investigation indicated that least-squares estimates of the overall rates of elimination (k(e)) of naphthalene quinonoids in MCF-7 cells decreased in the rank order 1,4-NQ>1,2-NQ>NHQ>NCAT. Values of k(e) were estimated to be between 0.280h(-1)(T(1/2)=151min) and 13.8h(-1)(T(1/2)=3.05min). These results provide evidence that the para-isomeric form of naphthalene quinonoids tend to induce acute production of ROS and alterations in intracellular redox status in cells, leading to the subsequent cell death. Further, all naphthalene quinonoids induced decreases in intracellular NAD(P)H and NAD(+) in MCF-7 cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The reduction of intracellular NAD(P)H in cells exposed to NCAT and 1,2-NQ was blocked by two types of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors whereas PARP inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of NAD(P)H in cells exposed to NHQ and 1,4-NQ. Further investigation confirmed that increases in the number of DNA single-strand breaks were detected in MCF-7 cells exposed to NCAT and 1,2-NQ as measured by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay whereas NHQ and 1,4-NQ did not induce increases in the number of single-strand breaks in MCF-7 cells. Overall, results from our investigation suggest that while NHQ and 1,4-NQ are more efficient in the induction of cell death, NCAT and 1,2-NQ are prone to induce depletion of NAD(P)H and NAD(+) mediated by PARP-1 activation through formation of DNA single-strand breaks in human cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Ishii Y, Umemura T, Kanki K, Kuroiwa Y, Nishikawa A, Ito R, Saito K, Nakazawa H, Hirose M. Possible involvement of NO-mediated oxidative stress in induction of rat forestomach damage and cell proliferation by combined treatment with catechol and sodium nitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 447:127-35. [PMID: 16530157 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms underlying forestomach carcinogenesis in rats by co-treatment with catechol and sodium nitrite (NaNO2), we investigated the involvement of oxidative stress resulting from reaction of the two compounds. Since generation of semiquinone radical, hydroxyl radical (*OH), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) arose through the reaction of catechol with NO, we proposed that superoxide resulting from catechol oxidation reacted with excess NO, consequently yielding *OH via ONOO-. Male F344 rats were co-treated with 0.2% catechol in the diet and 0.8% NaNO2 in the drinking water for 2 weeks. Prior to occurrence of histological evidence indicating epithelial injury and hyperplasia, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in forestomach epithelium significantly increased from 12 h together with appearance of immunohistochemically nitrotyrosine-positive epithelial cells. There were no remarkable changes in rats given each chemical alone. We conclude that oxidative stress due to NO plays an important role in induction of forestomach epithelial damage, cell proliferation, and thus presumably forestomach carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishii
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Urios A, Largeron M, Fleury MB, Blanco M. A convenient approach for evaluating the toxicity profiles of in vitro neuroprotective alkylaminophenol derivatives. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:791-800. [PMID: 16520231 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity profiles of a series of quinol-type derivatives were examined through simple Escherichia coli plate assays discriminating the two main cytotoxicity mechanisms associated with polyphenol oxidation to quinone. Toxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS-TOX) was detected in the OxyR(-) assay using cells sensitive to oxidative stress due to a deficiency in the OxyR function. Toxicity arising from the high susceptibility of quinone toward endogenous nucleophiles (Q-TOX) was detected using OxyR(+) cells, in the presence of a nitric oxide donor to promote the quinol oxidation to the corresponding quinone. The toxicity profile markedly depended on structural features. Strong ROS-TOX required a pyrogallol arrangement (exifone; 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 1; baicalein) or a 2-aminoresorcinol sequence (3-amino-2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4). The pyrogallol moiety determined a low Q-TOX, suggesting the conversion of quinones into oxidation products of low toxicity. Compounds lacking a 2-hydroxyl substituent (derivatives 2 and 5, related to 1 and 4, respectively) induced a weak ROS-TOX, but a significant Q-TOX. The electrochemical oxidation of the studied compounds corroborated the crucial role of the 2-hydroxyl group, which had two effects: to protect the quinonoid species from Michael addition, the reaction at the origin of Q-TOX, and, due to the contraction of hydrogen bonding, to stabilize every intermediary oxidation product, very likely involved in ROS-TOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Urios
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Horita M, Wang DH, Tsutsui K, Sano K, Masuoka N, Kira S. Involvement of oxidative stress in hydroquinone-induced cytotoxicity in catalase-deficient Escherichia coli mutants. Free Radic Res 2006; 39:1035-41. [PMID: 16298729 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500232008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydroquinone is a benzene-derived metabolite. To clarify whether the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in hydroquinone-induced cytotoxicity, we constructed transformants of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains that express mammalian catalase gene derived from catalase mutant mice (Cs(b), Cs(c)) and the wild-type (Cs(a)) using a catalase-deficient E. coli UM255 as a recipient. Specific catalase activities of these tester strains were in order of Cs(a) > Cs(c) > Cs(b) > UM255, and their susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) showed UM255 > Cs(b) > Cs(c) > Cs(a). We found that hydroquinone exposure reduced the survival of catalase-deficient E. coli mutants in a dose-dependent manner significantly, especially in the strains with lower catalase activities. Hydroquinone toxicity was also confirmed using zone of inhibition test, in which UM255 was the most susceptible, showing the largest zone of growth inhibition, followed by Cs(b), Cs(c) and Cs(a). Furthermore, we found that hydroquinone-induced cell damage was inhibited by the pretreatment of catalase, ascorbic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and augmented by superoxide dismutase (both CuZnSOD and MnSOD). The present results suggest that H2O2 is probably involved in hydroquinone-induced cytotoxicity in catalase-deficient E. coli mutants and catalase plays an important role in protection of the cells against hydroquinone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Horita
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Public Health, Okayama, Japan
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Andersson MA, Hellman BE. Different roles of Fpg and Endo III on catechol-induced DNA damage in extended-term cultures of human lymphocytes and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 19:779-86. [PMID: 15951152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catechol is a genotoxic agent assumed to induce DNA damage via the oxidative pathway. Using the comet assay and the repair-specific enzymes formamido pyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (Endo III), we examined the ability of catechol to induce DNA damage in extended-term cultures of human lymphocytes and mouse lymphoma cells. Our results suggest that mouse lymphoma cells are somewhat more sensitive towards catechol-induced DNA damage than the extended-term cultures of human lymphocytes. At high concentrations, the catechol-induced damage seemed to be independent of both Fpg and Endo III, possibly indicating a non-oxidative pathway for the DNA damage (involving, for example, a bulky adduct). The fact that Endo III, but not Fpg, enhanced the DNA damaging effect of catechol, suggests that this metabolite of benzene either mediates oxidation of pyrimidines rather than purines, or that oxidised purines are repaired more efficiently, at least in human lymphocytes. In the latter cells, low concentrations of catechol were found to reduce the DNA migration. Considering the role of Fpg and it's adduct specific detection of 8-oxoguanine, this suggests that a low concentration of catechol has an antioxidative effect reducing the background levels of oxidized purines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Andersson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Box 594, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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