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Chung YC, Song SJ, Lee A, Jang CH, Kim CS, Hwang YH. Isobavachin, a main bioavailable compound in Psoralea corylifolia, alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages and zebrafish by suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117501. [PMID: 38012970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoralea corylifolia L. (PC) is widely used in traditional medicines to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Isobavachin (IBC) is a bioavailable prenylated flavonoid derived from PC that has various biological properties. However, little information is available on its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of action. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of IBC in vitro and in vivo by conducting a mechanistic study using murine macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the modulatory effects of IBC on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in murine macrophages. In addition, we examined whether IBC inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in a zebrafish model. Alterations in inflammatory response-associated genes and proteins were determined using quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS IBC markedly reduced the overproduction of inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In addition, excessive NO, ROS, and neutrophil level induced by LPS, were suppressed by IBC treatment in a zebrafish inflammation model. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, bioavailable IBC inhibited on the inflammatory responses by LPS via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it may be a potential modulatory agent against inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Chul Chung
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institution of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institution of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Ami Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institution of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science & Technology (UST), Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Jang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institution of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institution of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science & Technology (UST), Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institution of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science & Technology (UST), Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Yu H, Sun J, She K, Lv M, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Han C, Xu X, Yang S, Wang G, Zang G. Sprayed PAA-CaO 2 nanoparticles combined with calcium ions and reactive oxygen species for antibacterial and wound healing. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad071. [PMID: 37719928 PMCID: PMC10503269 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common socioeconomic healthcare issues in clinical are burns, surgical incisions and other skin injuries. Skin lesion healing can be achieved with nanomedicines and other drug application techniques. This study developed a nano-spray based on cross-linked amorphous calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoparticles of polyacrylic acid (PAA) for treating skin wounds (PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles). CaO2 serves as a 'drug' precursor, steadily and continuously releasing calcium ions (Ca2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under mildly acidic conditions, while PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles exhibited good spray behavior in aqueous form. Tests demonstrated that PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity and allowed L929 cells proliferation and migration in vitro. The effectiveness of PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles in promoting wound healing and inhibiting bacterial growth in vivo was assessed in SD rats using full-thickness skin defect and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)-infected wound models based thereon. The results revealed that PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles demonstrated significant advantages in both aspects. Notably, the infected rats' skin defects healed in 12 days. The benefits are linked to the functional role of Ca2+ coalesces with H2O2 as known antibacterial and healing-promoted agents. Therefore, we developed nanoscale PAA-CaO2 sprays to prevent bacterial development and heal skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiale Sun
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kepeng She
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingqi Lv
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiqiao Zhang
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yangkun Liu
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changhao Han
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
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Relative Importance of Different Elements of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Maintaining the Barrier Integrity of Retinal Endothelial Cells: Implications for Vascular-Associated Retinal Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244128. [PMID: 36552890 PMCID: PMC9776835 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to breaking the barrier integrity of retinal endothelial cells (RECs) in various blinding eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of different mitochondrial constituents, specifically those of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), in maintaining the barrier function of RECs. METHODS Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology was used to assess in real time the role of different mitochondrial components in the total impedance (Z) of human RECs (HRECs) and its components: capacitance (C) and the total resistance (R). HRECs were treated with specific mitochondrial inhibitors that target different steps in OxPhos: rotenone for complex I, oligomycin for complex V (ATP synthase), and FCCP for uncoupling OxPhos. Furthermore, data were modeled to investigate the effects of these inhibitors on the three parameters that govern the total resistance of cells: Cell-cell interactions (Rb), cell-matrix interactions (α), and cell membrane permeability (Cm). RESULTS Rotenone (1 µM) produced the greatest reduction in Z, followed by FCCP (1 µM), whereas no reduction in Z was observed after oligomycin (1 µM) treatment. We then further deconvoluted the effects of these inhibitors on the Rb, α, and Cm parameters. Rotenone (1 µM) completely abolished the resistance contribution of Rb, as the Rb became zero immediately after the treatment. Secondly, FCCP (1 µM) eliminated the resistance contribution of Rb only after 2.5 h and increased Cm without a significant effect on α. Lastly, of all the inhibitors used, oligomycin had the lowest impact on Rb, as evidenced by the fact that this value became similar to that of the control group at the end of the experiment without noticeable effects on Cm or α. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the differential roles of complex I, complex V, and OxPhos coupling in maintaining the barrier functionality of HRECs. We specifically showed that complex I is the most important component in regulating HREC barrier integrity. These observed differences are significant since they could serve as the basis for future pharmacological and gene expression studies aiming to improve the activity of complex I and thereby provide avenues for therapeutic modalities in endothelial-associated retinal diseases.
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Guo M, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919343. [PMID: 35959288 PMCID: PMC9360429 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu
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Cellular mechanism of action of 2-nitroimidzoles as hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102300. [PMID: 35430547 PMCID: PMC9038562 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours are often poorly oxygenated, which confers resistance to standard treatment modalities. Targeting hypoxic tumours requires compounds, such as nitroimidazoles (NIs), equipped with the ability to reach and become activated within diffusion limited tumour niches. NIs become selectively entrapped in hypoxic cells through bioreductive activation, and have shown promise as hypoxia directed therapeutics. However, little is known about their mechanism of action, hindering the broader clinical usage of NIs. Iodoazomycin arabinofuranoside (IAZA) and fluoroazomycin arabinofuranoside (FAZA) are clinically validated 2-NI hypoxic radiotracers with excellent tumour uptake properties. Hypoxic cancer cells have also shown preferential susceptibility to IAZA and FAZA treatment, making them ideal candidates for an in-depth study in a therapeutic setting. Using a head and neck cancer model, we show that hypoxic cells display higher sensitivity to IAZA and FAZA, where the drugs alter cell morphology, compromise DNA replication, slow down cell cycle progression and induce replication stress, ultimately leading to cytostasis. Effects of IAZA and FAZA on target cellular macromolecules (DNA, proteins and glutathione) were characterized to uncover potential mechanism(s) of action. Covalent binding of these NIs was only observed to cellular proteins, but not to DNA, under hypoxia. While protein levels remained unaffected, catalytic activities of NI target proteins, such as the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly curtailed in response to drug treatment under hypoxia. Intraperitoneal administration of IAZA was well-tolerated in mice and produced early (but transient) growth inhibition of subcutaneous mouse tumours. Hypoxic cells display preferential sensitivity to IAZA and FAZA. They alter cell morphology and induce cytostasis. IAZA and FAZA generate covalent adducts of proteins but not DNA. GAPDH and GST activities, but not protein levels, are significantly reduced.
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Anti-inflammatory effect of a triterpenoid from Balanophora laxiflora: results of bioactivity-guided isolation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09070. [PMID: 35287327 PMCID: PMC8917289 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanophora laxiflora, a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat fever, pain, and inflammation in Vietnam, has been reported to possess prominent anti-inflammatory activity. This study examined the active constituents and molecular mechanisms underlying these anti-inflammatory effects using bioactivity-guided isolation in combination with cell-based assays and animal models of inflammation. Among the isolated compounds, the triterpenoid (21α)-22-hydroxyhopan-3-one (1) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, 1 suppressed the expression of the inflammatory mediators iNOS, IL-1β, INFβ, and TNFα in activated Raw 264.7 macrophages and alleviated the inflammatory response in carrageenan-induced paw oedema and a cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory effects of 1 were mediated via decreasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by inhibiting NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and free radical scavenging activities. By downregulating ROS signalling, 1 reduced the activation of MAPK signalling pathways, leading to decreased AP-1-dependent transcription of inflammatory mediators. These findings shed light on the chemical constituents that contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of B. laxiflora and suggest that 1 is a promising candidate for treating inflammation-related diseases.
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Zhang H, Kim H, Park BW, Noh M, Kim Y, Park J, Park JH, Kim JJ, Sim WS, Ban K, Park HJ, Kwon YG. CU06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac remodeling by suppressing edema and inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:23-34. [PMID: 34997212 PMCID: PMC8814060 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury accelerates the cardiomyocytes (CMs) death by oxidative stress, and thereby deteriorates cardiac function. There has been a paradigm shift in the therapeutic perspective more towards the prevention or amelioration of damage caused by reperfusion. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are more vulnerable to reperfusion injury and play the crucial roles more than CMs in the pathological process of early I/R injury. In this study, we investigate that CU06-1004, as a vascular leakage blocker, can improve cardiac function by inhibiting CMEC's hyperpermeability and subsequently reducing the neutrophil's plugging and infiltration in infarcted hearts. CU06-1004 was delivered intravenously 5 min before reperfusion and the rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) vehicle, (2) low-CU06-1004 (1 mg/kg, twice at 24 h intervals), and (3) high-CU06-1004 (5 mg/kg, once before reperfusion). CU06-1004 treatment reduced necrotic size and cardiac edema by enhancing vascular integrity, as demonstrated by the presence of intact junction proteins on CMECs and surrounding pericytes in early I/R injury. It also decreased the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on CMECs, resulting in reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Echocardiography showed that the CU06-1004 treatment significantly improved cardiac function compared with the vehicle group. Interestingly, single high-dose treatment with CU06-1004 provided a greater functional improvement than repetitive low-dose treatment until 8 weeks post I/R. These findings demonstrate that CU06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac function by preventing lethal myocardial I/R injury. It can provide a promising therapeutic option, as potential adjunctive therapy to current reperfusion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea ,R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Woo Park
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyeong Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sup Sim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Chen J, Han S, Chen J, Hu P, Zeng Z, Hu Y, Xiong H, Ke Z, Zhang Y, Xu F, Zhao G. A reciprocal feedback of miR-548ac/YB-1/Snail induces EndMT of HUVECs during acidity microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:692. [PMID: 34930270 PMCID: PMC8691019 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Researches indicated the process of Endothelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EndMT) of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) was critically involved in the progression of tumor. ECs demonstrated functional and phenotypic heterogeneity when located under different microenvironments. The extracellular pH of tumor tissues was acidic compared to that of normal tissues. However, there was still unclear whether the acidic microenvironment affected the EndMT of vascular ECs. Methods Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVECs) was cultured under the normal or acidic medium to evaluate the alteration of morphology, migration, permeability, and EndMT markers. Microarray assay was adopted to analyze the differential expression of miRNAs in the acidity-treated HUVECs. Gain- and loss- of function experiments were performed to evaluate the functional role of miRNA-548ac on acidity-induced EndMT of HUVECs. Luciferase reporter and Chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to assess the downstream pathway of miRNA-548ac in acidity-induced EndMT of HUVECs. Results Our results showed that HUVECs demonstrated mesenchymal transition under acidic conditions with the increase of migration, permeability, and expression of α-SMA and Vimentin, but the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and CD31 were reduced. In addition, the acidity-treated HUVECs remarkably facilitated the transmigration of pancreatic cancer cells. The expression of miRNA-548ac was significantly decreased in the acidity-treated HUVECs. Moreover, overexpression of miR-548ac inhibited the EndMT of HUVECs and consequently impeded the transmigration of pancreatic cancer cells. The miR-548ac inhibited the expression of YB-1 by binding to the 3’UTR of its mRNA, and YB-1 promoted the translation of Snail which was a critical regulator of EndMT. What’s more, Snail transcriptionally inhibited the expression of miR-548ac through binding to the promoter of its host gene. Conclusions Our data implicated that the acidic microenvironment promoted the EndMT of HUVECs by the miR-548ac/YB-1/Snail axis, which could contribute to the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02388-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shengbo Han
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinhuang Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hewei Xiong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zunxiang Ke
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fengyu Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Friend or Foe? The Roles of Antioxidants in Acute Lung Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121956. [PMID: 34943059 PMCID: PMC8750496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extra-pulmonary injury factors. The oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the lungs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. ROS is a "double-edged sword", which is widely involved in signal transduction and the life process of cells at a physiological concentration. However, excessive ROS can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to the occurrence of various diseases. It is well-known that antioxidants can alleviate ALI by scavenging ROS. Nevertheless, more and more studies found that antioxidants have no significant effect on severe organ injury, and may even aggravate organ injury and reduce the survival rate of patients. Our study introduces the application of antioxidants in ALI, and explore the mechanisms of antioxidants failure in various diseases including it.
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Qamar A, Zhao J, Xu L, McLeod P, Huang X, Jiang J, Liu W, Haig A, Zhang ZX. Cyclophilin D Regulates the Nuclear Translocation of AIF, Cardiac Endothelial Cell Necroptosis and Murine Cardiac Transplant Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11038. [PMID: 34681708 PMCID: PMC8540562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable consequence of organ transplant procedure and associated with acute and chronic organ rejection in transplantation. IRI leads to various forms of programmed cell death, which worsens tissue damage and accelerates transplant rejection. We recently demonstrated that necroptosis participates in murine cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) death and murine cardiac transplant rejection. However, MVEC death under a more complex IRI model has not been studied. In this study, we found that simulating IRI conditions in vitro by hypoxia, reoxygenation and treatment with inflammatory cytokines induced necroptosis in MVECs. Interestingly, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocated to the nucleus during MVEC necroptosis, which is regulated by the mitochondrial permeability molecule cyclophilin D (CypD). Furthermore, CypD deficiency in donor cardiac grafts inhibited AIF translocation and mitigated graft IRI and rejection (n = 7; p = 0.002). Our studies indicate that CypD and AIF play significant roles in MVEC necroptosis and cardiac transplant rejection following IRI. Targeting CypD and its downstream AIF may be a plausible approach to inhibit IRI-caused cardiac damage and improve transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Qamar
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3808 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Laura Xu
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick McLeod
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Xuyan Huang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Jifu Jiang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Zhu-Xu Zhang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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11
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Song J, Yao L, Shi J, Li J, Xu C. Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on a chemical-induced murine model of asthma. J Asthma 2021; 58:1208-1215. [PMID: 32546031 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1781166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma. In this study, we elucidated the possible protective effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on a toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced murine asthma model. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a chemical-induced asthma model. NAC was given intraperitoneally to mice immediately after each TDI challenge. Airway reactivity to methacholine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed. Lungs were examined by histology. RESULTS NAC treatment dramatically reduced the increased airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory infiltration, and goblet cell metaplasia in TDI-exposed mice. Numbers of total cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of TDI-challenged mice were significantly higher than vehicle control, but the administration of NAC decreased these inflammatory cell counts. TDI exposure led to significantly increased levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5, which were also suppressed by NAC. In addition, diminished lung reduced oxidized glutathione ratio and superoxide dismutase activity were observed after TDI challenge, and these changes were attenuated by NAC. CONCLUSION NAC treatment has beneficial effects in TDI-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiashu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Caiyun Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
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12
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Guerra MH, Yumnamcha T, Singh LP, Ibrahim AS. Relative Contribution of Different Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Components to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Barrier Function: Implications for RPE-Related Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8130. [PMID: 34360894 PMCID: PMC8348500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) barrier integrity is involved in the pathology of several blinding retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the underlying causes and pathophysiology are not completely well-defined. Mitochondria dysfunction has often been considered as a potential candidate implicated in such a process. In this study, we aimed to dissect the role of different mitochondrial components; specifically, those of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), in maintaining the barrier functionality of RPE. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology was used to collect multi-frequency electrical impedance data to assess in real-time the barrier formation of the RPE cells. For this purpose, the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line-ARPE-19-was used and treated with varying concentrations of specific mitochondrial inhibitors that target different steps in OxPhos: Rotenone for complex I (the largest protein complex in the electron transport chain (ETC)); oligomycin for ATP synthase; and carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) for uncoupling ATP synthesis from the accompanying ETC. Furthermore, data were modeled using the ECIS-Zθ software to investigate in depth the effects of these inhibitors on three separate barrier parameters: cell-cell interactions (Rb), cell-matrix interactions (α), and the cell membrane capacitance (Cm). The viability of ARPE-19 cells was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Assay. The ECIS program's modeling demonstrated that FCCP and thus OxPhos uncoupling disrupt the barrier function in the ARPE-19 cells across all three components of the total resistance (Rb, α, and Cm) in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, oligomycin and thus ATP synthase inhibition mostly affects the ARPE-19 cells' attachment to their substrate evident by a significant decrease in α resistance in a dose-dependent manner, both at the end and throughout the duration of the experiment. On the contrary, rotenone and complex I inhibition mostly affect the ARPE-19 paracellular resistance Rb in a dose-dependent manner compared to basolateral resistance α or Cm. Our results clearly demonstrate differential roles for different mitochondrial components in maintaining RPE cell functionality in which uncoupling of OxPhos is a major contributing factor to the disruption barrier function. Such differences can be used in investigating gene expression as well as for screening of selective agents that improve the OxPhos coupling efficiency to be used in the therapeutic approach for treating RPE-related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lalit P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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13
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Zografos CG, Chrysikos D, Pittaras T, Karampelias V, Chairakakis A, Galanos A, Sfiniadakis I, Felekouras E, Zografos GC, Sideris M, Papadopoulou K, Papalois AE. The Effects of Ascorbic Acid and U-74389G on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model. In Vivo 2021; 34:2475-2484. [PMID: 32871775 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM U-74389G and ascorbic acid protect the cells from oxidation. This study aimed to depict their role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in a renal rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Wistars rats were randomized into six groups of 10 animals each. Group A Ischemia 30 min, reperfusion 60 min; Group B Ischemia 30 min, reperfusion 120 min; Group C Ischemia 30 min, ascorbic acid administration, reperfusion 60 min; Group D Ischemia 30 min, ascorbic acid administration, reperfusion 120 min; Group E Ischemia 30 min, U-74389G administration, reperfusion 60 min; Group F Ischemia 30 min, U-74389G administration, reperfusion 120 min. We then collected tissue and blood samples. RESULTS Histology and the significantly decreased malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α levels indicated that ascorbic acid was superior to U-74389G, at pre-defined time intervals. CONCLUSION Ascorbic acid and U-74389G ameliorated renal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury, suggesting a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G Zografos
- Experimental, Educational and Research Center ELPEN, Athens, Greece.,1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Chrysikos
- Experimental, Educational and Research Center ELPEN, Athens, Greece.,1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Pittaras
- Experimental, Educational and Research Center ELPEN, Athens, Greece.,Hematology Laboratory - Blood Bank, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Antonis Galanos
- Experimental, Educational and Research Center ELPEN, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Felekouras
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George C Zografos
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Sideris
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | | | - Apostolos E Papalois
- Experimental, Educational and Research Center ELPEN, Athens, Greece .,School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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14
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Rashed FB, Stoica AC, MacDonald D, El-Saidi H, Ricardo C, Bhatt B, Moore J, Diaz-Dussan D, Ramamonjisoa N, Mowery Y, Damaraju S, Fahlman R, Kumar P, Weinfeld M. Identification of proteins and cellular pathways targeted by 2-nitroimidazole hypoxic cytotoxins. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101905. [PMID: 33640700 PMCID: PMC7933538 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia negatively impacts therapy outcomes and continues to be a major unsolved clinical problem. Nitroimidazoles are hypoxia selective compounds that become entrapped in hypoxic cells by forming drug-protein adducts. They are widely used as hypoxia diagnostics and have also shown promise as hypoxia-directed therapeutics. However, little is known about the protein targets of nitroimidazoles and the resulting effects of their modification on cancer cells. Here, we report the synthesis and applications of azidoazomycin arabinofuranoside (N3-AZA), a novel click-chemistry compatible 2-nitroimidazole, designed to facilitate (a) the LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis of 2-nitroimidazole targeted proteins in FaDu head and neck cancer cells, and (b) rapid and efficient labelling of hypoxic cells and tissues. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that many of the 62 target proteins we identified participate in key canonical pathways including glycolysis and HIF1A signaling that play critical roles in the cellular response to hypoxia. Critical cellular proteins such as the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) appeared as top hits, and N3-AZA adduct formation significantly reduced their enzymatic activities only under hypoxia. Therefore, GAPDH, GSTP1 and other proteins reported here may represent candidate targets to further enhance the potential for nitroimidazole-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Bin Rashed
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | | | - Dawn MacDonald
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Hassan El-Saidi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, El Sultan Hussein St. Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Carolynne Ricardo
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Bhumi Bhatt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Jack Moore
- Alberta Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | | | - Yvonne Mowery
- Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Richard Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada.
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada.
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15
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Zhang L, Chen S, Liu Y, Xu X, Zhang Q, Shao S, Wang W, Li X. P-selectin blockade ameliorates lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice through improving renal hypoxia and evaluation using BOLD-MRI. J Transl Med 2020; 18:116. [PMID: 32138730 PMCID: PMC7059679 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis is one of the most common and severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus, of which poor prognosis is indicated by aggravated renal hypoxia and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cell adhesion molecules play a key role in the progression of lupus nephritis tubulointerstitial lesion, including P-selectin, which mediates the rolling of leukocytes and subsequent adhesion and infiltration and then initiates the inflammatory immune response and ischemia and hypoxia injury. However, the effects and mechanisms of P-selectin in lupus nephritis remain to be investigated, and a noninvasive measurement of lupus nephritis tubulointerstitial hypoxia and fibrosis remains to be explored. METHODS Thirty-four MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into the following three groups: MRL/lpr, saline, and anti-P-selectin, which consisted of no treatment, treatment with normal saline, and treatment with anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody (mAb) from 12 to 16 weeks of age, respectively. Ten male C57BL/6 mice of the same age served as normal controls. 24-h urinary protein, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, and periodic acid-Schiff were used to assess kidney damage; Western blot or immunohistochemical staining of the hypoxia probe Hypoxyprobe™-1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and CD31 were used to evaluate hypoxia in renal tissue; and NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox and p22phox were used to examine renal oxidative stress. The correlation between kidney injury and blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) was calculated to assess the clinical value of BOLD-MRI. RESULTS P-selectin is upregulated in lupus nephritis. Blocking P-selectin with mAb alleviated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, renal hypoxia, and peritubular capillary loss, without alteration of the levels of lupus activity indicators, anti-dsDNA antibody, or complement C3. BOLD-MRI showed that the reduced R2* values in the renal cortex and medulla of lupus mice were increased when treated with anti-P-selectin mAb as compared with those treated with normal saline, which were negatively correlated with Hypoxyprobe™-1 hypoxia probe and the expression of HIF-1α. CONCLUSIONS Early intervention of lupus nephritis with anti-P-selectin mAb can significantly improve the hypoxic state of the kidney and reduce the severity of tubulointerstitial lesions. BOLD-MRI techniques are noninvasive and can dynamically evaluate the changes in renal lesions and intrarenal oxygenation levels before and after treatment in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Yang Y, Dong X, Zheng S, Sun J, Ye J, Chen J, Fang Y, Zhao B, Yin Z, Cao P, Luo L. GSTpi regulates VE-cadherin stabilization through promoting S-glutathionylation of Src. Redox Biol 2019; 30:101416. [PMID: 31927409 PMCID: PMC6957793 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GSTpi is a Phase II metabolic enzyme which is originally considered as an important facilitator of cellular detoxification. Here, we found that GSTpi stabilized VE-cadherin in endothelial cell membrane through inhibiting VE-cadherin phosphorylation and VE-cadherin/catenin complex dissociation, and consequently maintained endothelial barrier function. Our findings demonstrated a novel mechanism that GSTpi inhibited VE-cadherin phosphorylation through suppressing the activation of Src/VE-cadherin pathway. Mass spectrometry analysis and molecular docking showed that GSTpi enhanced Src S-glutathionylation at Cys185, Cys245, and Cys400 of Src. More important, we found that GSTpi promoted S-glutathionylation of Src was essential for GSTpi to inhibit Src phosphorylation and activation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicated that AAV-GSTpi exerted the protective effect on pulmonary vessel permeability in the animal model of acute lung injury. This study revealed a novel regulatory effect of GSTpi on vascular endothelial barrier function and the importance of S-glutathionylation of Src induced by GSTpi in the activation of Src/VE-cadherin pathway. GSTpi regulates endothelial barrier function in response to pro-inflammatory stress. GSTpi inhibits the destabilization of membrane VE-cadherin through suppressing the activation of Src/VE-cadherin pathway. GSTpi selectively inhibits Src phosphorylation by S-glutathionylating novel cysteines of Src. GSTpi exerts the protective effect on pulmonary vessel permeability in the animal model of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinbing Sun
- Changshu No.1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Rambacher KM, Moniri NH. The β2-adrenergic receptor-ROS signaling axis: An overlooked component of β2AR function? Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113690. [PMID: 31697929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are clinically used to elicit rapid bronchodilation for the treatment of bronchospasms in pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD, both of which exhibit characteristically high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); likely secondary to over-expression of ROS generating enzymes and chronically heightened inflammation. Interestingly, β2AR has long-been linked to ROS, yet the involvement of ROS in β2AR function has not been as vigorously studied as other aspects of β2AR signaling. Herein, we discuss the existing body of evidence linking β2AR activation to intracellular ROS generation and importantly, the role of ROS in regulating β2AR function. The reciprocal interplay of the β2AR and ROS appear to endow this receptor with the ability to self-regulate signaling efficacy and ligand binding, hereby unveiling a redox-axis that may be unfavorably altered in pathological states contributing to both disease progression and therapeutic drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyn M Rambacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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18
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Reactive oxygen species and cancer: A complex interaction. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:132-143. [PMID: 30905813 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), increased antioxidant ability and the maintenance of redox homeostasis can cumulatively contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. The sources and the role of ROS in a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment can vary at different stages of tumor: initiation, development, and progression, thus making it a complex subject. In this review, we have summarized the sources of ROS generation in cancer cells, its role in the tumor microenvironment, the possible functions of ROS and its important scavenger systems in tumor progression with special emphasis on solid tumors.
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19
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Owji SM, Nikeghbal E, Moosavi SM. Comparison of ischaemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by clamping renal arteries, veins or pedicles in anaesthetized rats. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1390-1402. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Owji
- Department of Pathology; The Medical School; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz 71365-1689 Iran
| | - Elahe Nikeghbal
- Department of Physiology; The Medical School; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz 71365-1689 Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Moosavi
- Department of Physiology; The Medical School; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz 71365-1689 Iran
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Centre; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz 71365-1689 Iran
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20
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Buranasin P, Mizutani K, Iwasaki K, Pawaputanon Na Mahasarakham C, Kido D, Takeda K, Izumi Y. High glucose-induced oxidative stress impairs proliferation and migration of human gingival fibroblasts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201855. [PMID: 30092096 PMCID: PMC6084939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed gingival wound healing is widely observed in periodontal patients with diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms of the impaired function of gingival fibroblasts in diabetes remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the properties of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) under high-glucose conditions. Primary HGFs were isolated from healthy gingiva and cultured with 5.5, 25, 50, and 75 mM glucose for 72 h. In vitro wound healing, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-8) assays were performed to examine cell migration and proliferation. Lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured to determine cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression levels of oxidative stress markers were quantified by real-time PCR. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured in live cells. The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, 1 mM) was added to evaluate the involvement of ROS in the glucose effect on HGFs. As a result, the in vitro wound healing assay showed that high glucose levels significantly reduced fibroblast migration and proliferation at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. The numbers of cells positive for EdU staining were decreased, as was cell viability, at 50 and 75 mM glucose. A significant increase in LDH was proportional to the glucose concentration. The mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase-1 and ROS levels were significantly increased in HGFs after 72 h of exposure to 50 mM glucose concentration. The addition of NAC diminished the inhibitory effect of high glucose in the in vitro wound healing assay. The results of the present study show that high glucose impairs the proliferation and migration of HGFs. Fibroblast dysfunction may therefore be caused by high glucose-induced oxidative stress and may explain the delayed gingival wound healing in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prima Buranasin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kengo Iwasaki
- Department of Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Kido
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Okada M, Yamane M, Yamamoto S, Otani S, Miyoshi K, Sugimoto S, Matsukawa A, Toyooka S, Oto T, Miyoshi S. SPRED2 deficiency may lead to lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation. Surg Today 2018; 48:1089-1095. [PMID: 30022248 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory changes during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are related to the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway. Sprouty-related EVH1 (enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1)-domain-containing proteins (SPREDs) are known inhibitors of ERK1/2 signaling. The role of SPRED2 in lung IRI was examined in a left hilar clamp mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Spred2-/- mice were used in the left hilar clamp model. Experimental groups underwent 30 min of left hilar clamping followed by 1 h of reperfusion. U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, was administered to Spred2-/- mice with reperfused lungs. RESULTS The partial pressures of oxygen of the Spred2-/- mice after reperfusion were significantly worse than those of WT mice (p < 0.01). Spred2-/- mice displayed more severe injuries than WT mice with increased neutrophil infiltration observed by a histological evaluation and flow cytometry (p < 0.001). This severe inflammation was inhibited by U0126. In addition, the rate of ERK1 activation was significantly higher in the lungs of Spred2-/- mice after reperfusion than in WT mice according to a Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway influences the severity of lung IRI, causing inflammation with neutrophil infiltration. SPRED2 may be a promising target for the suppression of lung IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Okada
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masaomi Yamane
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Sumiharu Yamamoto
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinji Otani
- Department of Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Miyoshi
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oto
- Department of Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Miyoshi
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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22
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Santiago AR, Boia R, Aires ID, Ambrósio AF, Fernandes R. Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:820. [PMID: 30057551 PMCID: PMC6053590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays key roles in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in the retina in diabetes and the antioxidant defense system is also compromised. Increased ROS stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting a chronic low-grade inflammation involving various signaling pathways. An excessive production of ROS can lead to retinal endothelial cell injury, increased microvascular permeability, and recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation. Recent studies have started unraveling the complex crosstalk between retinal endothelial cells and neuroglial cells or leukocytes, via both cell-to-cell contact and secretion of cytokines. This crosstalk is essential for the maintenance of the integrity of retinal vascular structure. Under diabetic conditions, an aberrant interaction between endothelial cells and other resident cells of the retina or invading inflammatory cells takes place in the retina. Impairment in the secretion and flow of molecular signals between different cells can compromise the retinal vascular architecture and trigger angiogenesis. In this review, the synergistic contributions of redox-inflammatory processes for endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy will be examined, with particular attention paid to endothelial cell communication with other retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Santiago
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Boia
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês D Aires
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Wang J, Wang R, Li N, Shen X, Huang G, Zhu J, He D. High-performance reoxygenation from PLGA-PEG/PFOB emulsions: a feedback relationship between ROS and HIF-1α. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3027-3038. [PMID: 29861634 PMCID: PMC5968788 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s155509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxemia is one of the most common pathological processes in various clinical diseases. Methods A novel emulsion of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)/perfluorooctyl bromide has been developed to improve arterial hypoxemia through pulmonary drug delivery. Hypoxia-reoxygenation experiment was used to investigate the ability of the emulsion to supply oxygen and the saline lavage acute lung injury model was established to evaluate oxygen supply of the emulsion. Results It has been demonstrated that an apparent increase has been detected in the cytotoxicity test of the emulsion, indicating its lower cell toxicity. A hypoxia-reoxygenation experiment uncovered the fact that notable cell growth was observed after reoxygenation with poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)/perfluorooctyl bromide emulsion because of the ability of the emulsion to supply oxygen adequately and reasonably. Moreover, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was significantly enhanced during hypoxia, which further influenced the concentration and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Furthermore, the upregulated expression of HIF-1α during hypoxia has verified that certain emulsions can increase HIF-1α content and relieve hypoxia, which further indicates HIF-1α plays an essential role in improving cell viability. Afterwards, the saline lavage acute lung injury model was established to evaluate oxygen supply of the emulsion and the result shows considerable improvement of lung ventilation of rabbits. Conclusion We recommend that the feedback relationship between reactive oxygen species and HIF-1 plays an essential role in improving cell viability. It is anticipated that the emulsion will be applied in the field of alleviating hypoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Niannian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Shen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dannong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Oh HJ, Magar TBT, Pun NT, Lee Y, Kim EH, Lee ES, Park PH. YJI-7 Suppresses ROS Production and Expression of Inflammatory Mediators via Modulation of p38MAPK and JNK Signaling in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:191-200. [PMID: 28441795 PMCID: PMC5839498 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcone, (2E)-1,3-Diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, and its synthetic derivatives are known to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we prepared a novel synthetic chalcone compound, (E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one name (YJI-7), and investigated its inhibitory effects on endotoxin-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. We demonstrated that treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with YJI-7 significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ROS production. We also found that YJI-7 substantially decreased NADPH oxidase activity stimulated by LPS, indicating that YJI-7 regulates ROS production via modulation of NADPH oxidase in macrophages. Furthermore, YJI-7 strongly inhibited the expression of a number of inflammatory mediators in a gene-selective manner, suggesting that YJI-7 possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties, as well as anti-oxidative activity. In continuing experiments to investigate the mechanisms that could underlie such biological effects, we revealed that YJI-7 suppressed phosphorylation of p38MAPK and JNK stimulated by LPS, whereas no significant effect on ERK was observed. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated production of ROS, activation of NADPH oxidase and expression of inflammatory mediators were markedly suppressed by treatment with selective inhibitor of p38MAPK (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125). Taken together, these results demonstrated that YJI-7, a novel synthetic chalcone derivative, suppressed LPS-stimulated ROS production via modulation of NADPH oxidase and diminished expression of inflammatory mediators, at least in part, via down-regulation of p38MAPK and JNK signaling in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nirmala Tilija Pun
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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25
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Necroptosis Is Involved in CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Microvascular Endothelial Cell Death and Chronic Cardiac Allograft Rejection. Transplantation 2017; 101:2026-2037. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Corre I, Paris F, Huot J. The p38 pathway, a major pleiotropic cascade that transduces stress and metastatic signals in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55684-55714. [PMID: 28903453 PMCID: PMC5589692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By gating the traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall, endothelial cells play a central role in regulating cardiovascular functions and systemic homeostasis and in modulating pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and immunity. Accordingly, the loss of endothelial cell integrity is associated with pathological disorders that include atherosclerosis and cancer. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are major signaling pathways that regulate several functions of endothelial cells in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli including growth factors, stress and cytokines. The p38 MAPK family contains four isoforms p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ that are encoded by four different genes. They are all widely expressed although to different levels in almost all human tissues. p38α/MAPK14, that is ubiquitously expressed is the prototype member of the family and is referred here as p38. It regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, and controls cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Its activation in endothelial cells leads to actin remodeling, angiogenesis, DNA damage response and thereby has major impact on cardiovascular homeostasis, and on cancer progression. In this manuscript, we review the biology of p38 in regulating endothelial functions especially in response to oxidative stress and during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Huot
- Le Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et le Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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27
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de Souza Bastos A, Graves DT, de Melo Loureiro AP, Júnior CR, Corbi SCT, Frizzera F, Scarel-Caminaga RM, Câmara NO, Andriankaja OM, Hiyane MI, Orrico SRP. Diabetes and increased lipid peroxidation are associated with systemic inflammation even in well-controlled patients. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1593-1599. [PMID: 27497685 PMCID: PMC5120401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the interaction between type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia on inflammation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) has not been assessed. AIM To investigate whether diabetes coupled with dyslipidemia alters oxidative metabolism leading to increased LPO products and inflammatory status. METHODS 100 patients were divided into four groups based upon diabetic and dyslipidemic status: poorly controlled diabetes with dyslipidemia (DM-PC/D), well-controlled diabetes with dyslipidemia (DM-WC/D), normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia (NG/D), and normoglycemic individuals without dyslipidemia (NG/ND). Plasma was evaluated for an LPO product (MDA), antioxidant levels and inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Diabetics presented significantly higher levels of LPO (p<0.05) and the DM-PC/D had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and MDA in the plasma in comparison with normoglycemics (p<0.05). Interestingly IL1-β, IL-6, and TNF-α in DM-WC/D were not statistically different from those in DM-PC/D. Normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia presented significantly increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α when compared to normoglycemic without dyslipidemia (p<0.05). MDA levels were also positively correlated with the presence of DM complications (r=0.42, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that dyslipidemia is associated with an increased inflammatory status, even in well-controlled diabetics and in normoglycemics. Our results suggest that lipid metabolism and peroxidation are important for the development of inflammation, which is elevated in several complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alliny de Souza Bastos
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rossa Júnior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Cruz Tfaile Corbi
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Frizzera
- Faculdades Integradas Espírito Santenses-FAESA Dental School, Vitoria, Espírito Santo (ES)
| | | | - Niels Olsen Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oelisoa M Andriankaja
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Meire I Hiyane
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Regina Perez Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Al-Khafaji AB, Tohme S, Yazdani HO, Miller D, Huang H, Tsung A. Superoxide induces Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in a TLR-4 and NOX-dependent mechanism. Mol Med 2016; 22:621-631. [PMID: 27453505 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the early innate immune response to perceived infectious and sterile threats. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are a novel mechanism to counter pathogenic invasion and sequelae of ischemia including cell death and oxidative stress. Superoxide is a radical intermediate of oxygen metabolism produced by parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells, and is a hallmark of oxidative stress after liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). While extracellular superoxide recruits neutrophils to the liver and initiates sterile inflammatory injury, it is unknown whether superoxide induces the formation of NETs. We hypothesize that superoxide induces NET formation through a signaling cascade involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and neutrophil NADPH Oxidase (NOX). We treated neutrophils with extracellular superoxide and observed NET DNA release, histone H3 citrullination, and increased levels of MPO-DNA complexes occurring in a TLR-4 dependent manner. Inhibition of superoxide generation by Allopurinol and inhibition of NOX by diphenyleneiodonium prevented NET formation. When mice were subjected to warm liver I/R, we found significant NET formation associated with liver necrosis and increased serum ALT in TLR-4 WT, but not TLR-4 KO mice. To reduce circulating superoxide we pretreated mice undergoing I/R with Allopurinol and N-acetylcysteine, which resulted in decreased NETs and ameliorated liver injury. Our study demonstrates a requirement for TLR-4 and NOX in superoxide-induced NETs, and suggests involvement of superoxide-induced NETs in pathophysiologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Al-Khafaji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hamza Obaid Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Lu S, Zhang Y, Zhong S, Gao F, Chen Y, Li W, Zheng F, Shi G. N-n-butyl Haloperidol Iodide Protects against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Regulating the ROS/MAPK/Egr-1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:520. [PMID: 28111550 PMCID: PMC5216659 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelium dysfunction induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important initial event at the onset of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in which the Egr-1 transcription factor often serves as a master switch for various damage pathways following reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that an intracellular ROS/MAPK/Egr-1 signaling pathway is activated in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). ROS generation, by either H/R or the ROS donor xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine (XO/HX) activated all three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), and induced Egr-1 expression and Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in CMECs, whereas ROS scavengers (EDA and NAC) had the opposite effect following H/R. Inhibitors of all three MAPKs individually inhibited induction of Egr-1 expression by H/R in CMECs. Moreover, N-n-butyl haloperidol (F2), previously shown to protect cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R, dose-dependently downregulated H/R-induced ROS generation, MAPK activation, and Egr-1 expression and activity in CMECs, whereas XO/HX and MAPK activators (EGF, anisomycin) antagonized the effects of F2. Inhibition of the ROS/MAPK/Egr-1 signaling pathway, by either F2, NAC, or inhibition of MAPK, increased CMEC viability and the GSH/GSSG ratio, and decreased Egr-1 nuclear translocation. These results show that the ROS/MAPK/Egr-1 signaling pathway mediates H/R injury in CMECs, and F2 blocks this pathway to protect against H/R injury and further alleviate myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
| | - Weiqiu Li
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Zheng
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, China
- Ganggang Shi
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30
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic of tumors and wounds. Hypoxic cells develop 2 common strategies to face hypoxia: the glycolytic switch and the angiogenic switch. At the onset of hypoxia, alleviation of the Pasteur effect ensures short-term cell survival. Long-term hypoxic cell survival requires a further acceleration of the glycolytic flux under the control of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 that stimulates the expression of most glycolytic transporters and enzymes, uncouples glycolysis from the TCA cycle, and rewires glycolysis to lactic fermentation. Hypoxic cells also trigger angiogenesis, a process that aims to restore normal microenvironmental conditions. Transcription factors (hypoxia-inducible factor 1, nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1) and lactate cooperate to stimulate the expression of proangiogenic agents. Cancer cells differ from normal hypoxic cells by their proliferative agenda and by a high metabolic heterogeneity. These effects in tumor account for further molecular and metabolic changes and for a persistent stimulation of angiogenesis.
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31
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Hermes-Lima M, Moreira DC, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Giraud-Billoud M, Genaro-Mattos TC, Campos ÉG. Preparation for oxidative stress under hypoxia and metabolic depression: Revisiting the proposal two decades later. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1122-43. [PMID: 26408245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organisms that tolerate wide variations in oxygen availability, especially to hypoxia, usually face harsh environmental conditions during their lives. Such conditions include, for example, lack of food and/or water, low or high temperatures, and reduced oxygen availability. In contrast to an expected strong suppression of protein synthesis, a great number of these animals present increased levels of antioxidant defenses during oxygen deprivation. These observations have puzzled researchers for more than 20 years. Initially, two predominant ideas seemed to be irreconcilable: on one hand, hypoxia would decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while on the other the induction of antioxidant enzymes would require the overproduction of ROS. This induction of antioxidant enzymes during hypoxia was viewed as a way to prepare animals for oxidative damage that may happen ultimately during reoxygenation. The term "preparation for oxidative stress" (POS) was coined in 1998 based on such premise. However, there are many cases of increased oxidative damage in several hypoxia-tolerant organisms under hypoxia. In addition, over the years, the idea of an assured decrease in ROS formation under hypoxia was challenged. Instead, several findings indicate that the production of ROS actually increases in response to hypoxia. Recently, it became possible to provide a comprehensive explanation for the induction of antioxidant enzymes under hypoxia. The supporting evidence and the limitations of the POS idea are extensively explored in this review as we discuss results from research on estivation and situations of low oxygen stress, such as hypoxia, freezing exposure, severe dehydration, and air exposure of water-breathing animals. We propose that, under some level of oxygen deprivation, ROS are overproduced and induce changes leading to hypoxic biochemical responses. These responses would occur mainly through the activation of specific transcription factors (FoxO, Nrf2, HIF-1, NF-κB, and p53) and post translational mechanisms, both mechanisms leading to enhanced antioxidant defenses. Moreover, reactive nitrogen species are candidate modulators of ROS generation in this scenario. We conclude by drawing out the future perspectives in this field of research, and how advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the POS strategy will offer new and innovative study scenarios of biological and physiological cellular responses to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Hermes-Lima
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Groupe Fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), UMR 9190 MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud
- Laboratorio de Fisiología (IHEM-CONICET), and Instituto de Fisiología (Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), Casilla de Correo 33, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasí;lia, DF, Brazil
| | - Élida G Campos
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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Yao Y, Zhang M, Liu T, Zhou J, Gao Y, Wen Z, Guan J, Zhu J, Lin Z, He D. Perfluorocarbon-Encapsulated PLGA-PEG Emulsions as Enhancement Agents for Highly Efficient Reoxygenation to Cell and Organism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18369-18378. [PMID: 26222132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon (PFC), a kind of oxygen carrier, is encapsulated in PLGA-PEG to prepare a PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion for highly efficient reoxygenation to cell and organism. HCT 116 cells are used as a model cell, whose viability has a significant enhancement after reoxygenation with PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion because of the sufficient and timely oxygen supply. Meanwhile, hypoxia-reoxygenation injury will happen along with cell hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment, which is reflected by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. However, the integration of intracellular ROS and cell viability implies that the degree of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury is sublethal to HCT116 cells when the concentration of PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion is lower than 0.2 mg/mL. Furthermore, the change of the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is similar to that of cell viability during reoxygenation, which suggests that HIF-1α or its downstream proteins may make a significant contribution to cell viability. In vivo oxygen supply is assessed in rats through pulmonary delivery, which shows that PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion can supply oxygen to rats and improve rats' lung ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology , 28 East Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfeng Wen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200003, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200003, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology , 28 East Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofen Lin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200003, P. R. China
| | - Dannong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology , 28 East Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Metabolites of Scutellariae Radix Inhibit Injury of Endothelial Cells in Hypoxia Device. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vera S, Martínez R, Gormaz JG, Gajardo A, Galleguillos F, Rodrigo R. Novel relationships between oxidative stress and angiogenesis-related factors in sepsis: New biomarkers and therapies. Ann Med 2015; 47:289-300. [PMID: 25998489 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1029967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response in the presence of an infection. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. According to its severity, sepsis can progress to three different states: severe sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, related to organ dysfunction and/or tissue hypoperfusion. Different processes underlie its pathophysiology; among them are oxidative stress, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, and angiogenesis-related factors. However, no studies have integrated these elements in sepsis. The main difficulty in sepsis is its diagnosis. Currently, the potential of inflammatory biomarkers in septic patients remains weak. In this context, the research into new biomarkers is essential to aid with sepsis diagnosis and prognostication. Furthermore, even though the current management of severe forms of sepsis has been effective, morbimortality remains elevated. Therefore, it is essential to explore alternative approaches to therapy development. The aim of this review is to present an update of evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress and angiogenesis-related factors in the pathophysiology of the different forms of sepsis. It proposes a novel convergence between both elements in their role in the disease, and it will cover their utility as new diagnostic tools, predictors of outcome, and as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vera
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Nephrotoxicity, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Population dynamics inside cancer biomass driven by repeated hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-014-0032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wu B, Chen X, He B, Liu S, Li Y, Wang Q, Gao H, Wang S, Liu J, Zhang S, Xu X, Wang J. ROS are critical for endometrial breakdown via NF-κB-COX-2 signaling in a female mouse menstrual-like model. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3638-48. [PMID: 24926822 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone withdrawal triggers endometrial breakdown and shedding during menstruation. Menstruation results from inflammatory responses; however, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in menstruation remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of ROS in endometrial breakdown and shedding. We found that ROS levels were significantly increased before endometrial breakdown in a mouse menstrual-like model. Vaginal smear inspection, morphology of uterine horns, and endometrial histology examination showed that a broad range of ROS scavengers significantly inhibited endometrial breakdown in this model. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the intracellular translocation of p50 and p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was blocked by ROS scavengers and real-time PCR showed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased by ROS scavengers. Similar changes also occurred in human stromal cells in vitro. Furthermore, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that one ROS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), promoted translocation of p50 and p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and increased COX-2 mRNA expression along with progesterone maintenance. The nuclear factor κB inhibitor MG132 reduced the occurrence of these changes in human stromal cells in vitro. Viewed as a whole, our results provide evidence that certain ROS are important for endometrial breakdown and shedding in a mouse menstrual-like model and function at least partially via nuclear factor-κB/COX-2 signaling. Similar changes observed in human stromal cells could also implicate ROS as important mediators of human menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory (B.W., X.C., B.H., S.W., J.L., S.Z., X.X., J.W.), National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; Graduate School (B.W., S.W., J.L., J.W.), Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China; School of Pre-clinical Sciences (S.L.), Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China; Basic Medical College (Y.L.), Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, People's Republic of China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics (Q.W.), Zunyi Medical College, 563003 Zunyi, People's Republic of China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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The beneficial effect of melatonin in brain endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion-induced injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:639531. [PMID: 25126203 PMCID: PMC4122057 DOI: 10.1155/2014/639531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has a cellular protective effect in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Protection of brain endothelial cells against hypoxia and oxidative stress is important for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, since brain endothelial cells constitute the blood brain barrier (BBB). In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of melatonin against oxygen-glucose deprivation, followed by reperfusion- (OGD/R-) induced injury, in bEnd.3 cells. The effect of melatonin was examined by western blot analysis, cell viability assays, measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Our results showed that treatment with melatonin prevents cell death and degradation of tight junction protein in the setting of OGD/R-induced injury. In response to OGD/R injury of bEnd.3 cells, melatonin activates Akt, which promotes cell survival, and attenuates phosphorylation of JNK, which triggers apoptosis. Thus, melatonin protects bEnd.3 cells against OGD/R-induced injury.
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Oxidative stress induced in nurses by exposure to preparation and handling of antineoplastic drugs in Mexican hospitals: a multicentric study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:858604. [PMID: 24719678 PMCID: PMC3956419 DOI: 10.1155/2014/858604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of involuntary exposure to antineoplastic drugs (AD) was studied in a group of nurses in diverse hospitals in Mexico. The results were compared with a group of unexposed nurses. Anthropometric characteristics and the biochemical analysis were analyzed in both groups. Also, lipid peroxidation level (LPX), protein carbonyl content (PCC), and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated in blood of study participants as oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. The group of occupationally exposed (OE) nurses consisted of 30 individuals ranging in age from 25 to 35 years. The control group included 30 nurses who were not occupationally exposed to the preparation and handling of AD and whose anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were similar to those of the OE group. All biomarkers evaluated were significantly increased (P < 0.5) in OE nurses compared to the control group. Results show that the assessment of OS biomarkers is advisable in order to evaluate exposure to AD in nurses.
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FoxO3a modulates hypoxia stress induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80342. [PMID: 24278276 PMCID: PMC3835407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) dysfunction induced by hypoxia is an important pathophysiological event in myocardium ischemic injury, whereas, the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified. FoxO transcription factors regulate target genes involved in apoptosis and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the potential role of FoxOs on the hypoxia-induced ROS formation and apoptosis in CMECs. Exposure to low oxygen tension stimulated ROS accumulation and increased apoptosis in CMECs within 6–24 h. Hypoxia also significantly increased the expressions of HIF-1α and FoxO3a. However, hypoxia decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a, correlated with increased nuclear accumulation. Conversely, the expression of FoxO1 was not significantly altered by hypoxia. After inhibition of HIF-1α by siRNA, we observed that hypoxia-induced ROS accumulation and apoptosis of CMECs were decreased. Meanwhile, knockdown of HIF-1α also inhibited hypoxia induced FoxO3a expression in CMECs, but did not affect FoxO1 expression. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced ROS formation and apoptosis in CMECs were correlated with the disturbance of Bcl-2 family proteins, which were abolished by FoxO3a silencing with siRNA. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that FoxO3a leads to ROS accumulation in CMECs, and in parallel, induces the disturbance of Bcl-2 family proteins which results in apoptosis.
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40
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Peng C, Ma J, Gao X, Tian P, Li W, Zhang L. High glucose induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells are regulated by FoxO3a. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79739. [PMID: 24260294 PMCID: PMC3832590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular complications in diabetes, whereas, the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified. FoxO transcription factors are involved in apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the potential role of FoxO3a on the CMECs injury induced by high glucose. Materials and Methods CMECs were isolated from hearts of adult rats and cultured in normal or high glucose medium for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h respectively. To down-regulate FoxO3a expression, CMECs were transfected with FoxO3a siRNA. ROS accumulation and apoptosis in CMECs were assessed by dihydroethidine (DHE) staining and TUNEL assay respectively. Moreover, the expressions of Akt, FoxO3a, Bim and BclxL in CMECs were assessed by Western blotting assay. Results ROS accumulation in CMECs was significantly increased after high glucose incubation for 6 to 24 h. Meanwhile, high glucose also increased apoptosis in CMECs, correlated with decreased the phosphorylation expressions of Akt and FoxO3a. Moreover, high glucose incubation increased the expression of Bim, whereas increased anti-apoptotic protein BclxL. Furthermore, siRNA target FoxO3a silencing enhanced the ROS accumulation, whereas suppressed apoptosis in CMECs. FoxO3a silencing also abolished the disturbance of Bcl-2 proteins induced by high glucose in CMECs. Conclusion Our data provide evidence that high glucose induced FoxO3a activation which suppressed ROS accumulation, and in parallel, resulted in apoptosis of CMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Peng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Military Hospital of PLA, Baoji, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenzhang Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine College, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Bastos FF, Tobar SAL, Dantas RF, Silva ES, Nogueira NPA, Paes MC, Righi BDP, Bastos JC, Bastos VLFC. Melatonin affects conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal with glutathione in liver of pacu, a hypoxia-tolerant fish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1205-1214. [PMID: 23440384 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In cytosol from liver of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, a hypoxia-tolerant fish that dwells in Pantanal, we found an enzyme activity capable of modulating the alkenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) by conjugating it with glutathione (GST-HNE activity). HNE is a downstream metabolite from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by reactive oxygen species arisen from mitochondria of animal cells. HNE production may increase more intensively under oxidative stress. Harmful effects to cell survival may occur when HNE increases over 10(-4) M. Pacus submitted to hypoxia in July (cold season in Pantanal) showed 40% less of this GST-HNE conjugating activity in their liver cytosol. Injecting pacus subjected to hypoxia during the cold season with a summer physiological dose of melatonin caused their liver cytosolic GST-HNE activity to increase up to the levels found in the warm season. From October to March (warm season in Pantanal), pacus are prone to oxidative stress particularly during potamodromous active oxygen-demanding swimming, when they migrate up rivers to spawn. Thus, our findings point out that the higher levels of melatonin in circulation during the summer are important to avoid the increase of 4-HNE inside liver cells of this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Bastos
- Department of Biochemistry, IBRAG, UERJ, Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
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Sickinger S, Maier H, König S, Vallant N, Kofler M, Schumpp P, Schwelberger H, Hermann M, Obrist P, Schneeberger S, Margreiter R, Troppmair J, Pratschke J, Aigner F. Lipocalin-2 as mediator of chemokine expression and granulocyte infiltration during ischemia and reperfusion. Transpl Int 2013; 26:761-9. [PMID: 23701109 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) expression contributes to ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) by enhancing pro-inflammatory responses. The aim of this work was to elucidate the regulation of Lcn2 during hypoxia and its effects on the expression of key chemokines and adhesion molecules. Lcn2 wt and Lcn2(-/-) mice were used in a heterotopic heart transplantation model. Quantitative RT-PCR was applied for chemokine gene expression analysis. Reporter gene studies were used to elucidate the regulation of the Lcn2 promoter by hypoxia. HIF-1β expression led to a 2.4-fold induction of the Lcn2 promoter. Apart from an earlier onset of granulocyte infiltration in the Lcn2 wt setting after 2 h of reperfusion compared with the Lcn2(-/-) setting (P < 0.013), exogenous application of recombinant Lcn2 revealed a trend toward increase of granulocyte infiltration. Analyzed chemokines were expressed significantly higher in the Lcn2 wt setting at 2 h of reperfusion (P ≤ 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells observed in Lcn2(-/-) grafts was significantly higher than in the Lcn2 wt setting. Our results indicate that Lcn2 affects granulocyte infiltration in the reperfused graft by modulating the expression of chemokines, their receptors and the apoptotic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sickinger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Reactive oxygen species, Nox and angiotensin II in angiogenesis: implications for retinopathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 124:597-615. [PMID: 23379642 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is a key feature of many diseases including retinopathies such as ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) and DR (diabetic retinopathy). There is considerable evidence that increased production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in the retina participates in retinal angiogenesis, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood. ROS is produced by a number of pathways, including the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cytochrome P450, xanthine oxidase and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. The family of NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are likely to be important given that their primary function is to produce ROS. Seven isoforms of Nox have been identified named Nox1-5, Duox (dual oxidase) 1 and Duox2. Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 have been most extensively studied and are implicated in the development of conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 participate in pathological angiogenesis; however, there is no clear consensus about which Nox isoform is primarily responsible. In terms of retinopathy, there is growing evidence that Nox contribute to vascular injury. The RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system), and particularly AngII (angiotensin II), is a key stimulator of Nox. It is known that a local RAAS exists in the retina and that blockade of AngII and aldosterone attenuate pathological angiogenesis in the retina. Whether the RAAS influences the production of ROS derived from Nox in retinopathy is yet to be fully determined. These topics will be reviewed with a particular emphasis on ROP and DR.
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Simoneau B, Houle F, Huot J. Regulation of endothelial permeability and transendothelial migration of cancer cells by tropomyosin-1 phosphorylation. Vasc Cell 2012; 4:18. [PMID: 23157718 PMCID: PMC3552968 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Loss of endothelial cell integrity and selective permeability barrier is an early event in the sequence of oxidant-mediated injury and may result in atherosclerosis, hypertension and facilitation of transendothelial migration of cancer cells during metastasis. We already reported that endothelial cell integrity is tightly regulated by the balanced co-activation of p38 and ERK pathways. In particular, we showed that phosphorylation of tropomyosin-1 (tropomyosin alpha-1 chain = Tm1) at Ser283 by DAP kinase, downstream of the ERK pathway might be a key event required to maintain the integrity and normal functions of the endothelium in response to oxidative stress. METHODS Endothelial permeability was assayed by monitoring the passage of Dextran-FITC through a tight monolayer of HUVECs grown to confluence in Boyden chambers. Actin and Tm1 dynamics and distribution were evaluated by immunofluorescence. We modulated the expression of Tm1 by siRNA and lentiviral-mediated expression of wild type and mutated forms of Tm1 insensitive to the siRNA. Transendothelial migration of HT-29 colon cancer cells was monitored in Boyden chambers similarly as for permeability. RESULTS We provide evidence indicating that Tm1 phosphorylation at Ser283 is essential to regulate endothelial permeability under oxidative stress by modulating actin dynamics. Moreover, the transendothelial migration of colon cancer cells is also regulated by the phosphorylation of Tm1 at Ser283. CONCLUSION Our finding strongly support the role for the phosphorylation of endothelial Tm1 at Ser283 to prevent endothelial barrier dysfunction associated with oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Simoneau
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec et Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, 9 rue McMahon, Québec, G1R 2J6, Canada.
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Huang Y, Zitta K, Bein B, Scholz J, Steinfath M, Albrecht M. Effect of propofol on hypoxia re-oxygenation induced neuronal cell damage in vitro*. Anaesthesia 2012; 68:31-9. [PMID: 23088185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Propofol may protect neuronal cells from hypoxia re-oxygenation injury, possibly via an antioxidant actions under hypoxic conditions. This study investigated the molecular effects of propofol on hypoxia-induced cell damage using a neuronal cell line. Cultured human IMR-32 cells were exposed to propofol (30 μm) and biochemical and molecular approaches were used to assess cellular effects. Propofol significantly reduced hypoxia-mediated increases in lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of cell damage (mean (SD) for normoxia: 0.39 (0.07) a.u.; hypoxia: 0.78 (0.21) a.u.; hypoxia+propofol: 0.44 (0.17) a.u.; normoxia vs hypoxia, p<0.05; hypoxia vs hypoxia+propofol, p<0.05), reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide. Propofol also diminished the morphological signs of cell damage. Increased amounts of catalase, which degrades hydrogen peroxide, were detected under hypoxic conditions. Propofol decreased the amount of catalase produced, but increased its enzymatic activity. Propofol protects neuronal cells from hypoxia re-oxygenation injury, possibly via a combined direct antioxidant effect along with induced cellular antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Oxidative stress, Noxs, and hypertension: experimental evidence and clinical controversies. Ann Med 2012; 44 Suppl 1:S2-16. [PMID: 22713144 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.653393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that influence many physiological processes. Increased ROS bioavailability and altered redox signaling (oxidative stress) have been implicated in chronic diseases including hypertension. Although oxidative stress may not be the sole cause of hypertension, it amplifies blood pressure elevation in the presence of other prohypertensive factors (salt, renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic hyperactivity). A major source for cardiovascular ROS is a family of non-phagocytic NADPH oxidases (Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, Nox5). Other sources of ROS involve mitochondrial electron transport enzymes, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Although evidence from experimental and animal studies supports a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension, there is still no convincing proof that oxidative stress is a cause of human hypertension. However, what is clear is that oxidative stress is important in the molecular mechanisms associated with cardiovascular and renal injury in hypertension and that hypertension itself can contribute to oxidative stress. The present review addresses the putative function of ROS in the pathogenesis of hypertension and focuses on the role of Noxs in ROS generation in vessels and the kidney. Implications of oxidative stress in human hypertension are discussed, and clinical uncertainties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Evans CE, Branco-Price C, Johnson RS. HIF-mediated endothelial response during cancer progression. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:471-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Klingelhoeffer C, Kämmerer U, Koospal M, Mühling B, Schneider M, Kapp M, Kübler A, Germer CT, Otto C. Natural resistance to ascorbic acid induced oxidative stress is mainly mediated by catalase activity in human cancer cells and catalase-silencing sensitizes to oxidative stress. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:61. [PMID: 22551313 PMCID: PMC3404974 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Ascorbic acid demonstrates a cytotoxic effect by generating hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative cell stress. A panel of eleven human cancer cell lines, glioblastoma and carcinoma, were exposed to serial dilutions of ascorbic acid (5-100 mmol/L). The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of catalase, an important hydrogen peroxide-detoxifying enzyme, on the resistance of cancer cells to ascorbic acid mediated oxidative stress. Methods Effective concentration (EC50) values, which indicate the concentration of ascorbic acid that reduced the number of viable cells by 50%, were detected with the crystal violet assay. The level of intracellular catalase protein and enzyme activity was determined. Expression of catalase was silenced by catalase-specific short hairpin RNA (sh-RNA) in BT-20 breast carcinoma cells. Oxidative cell stress induced apoptosis was measured by a caspase luminescent assay. Results The tested human cancer cell lines demonstrated obvious differences in their resistance to ascorbic acid mediated oxidative cell stress. Forty-five percent of the cell lines had an EC50 > 20 mmol/L and fifty-five percent had an EC50 < 20 mmol/L. With an EC50 of 2.6–5.5 mmol/L, glioblastoma cells were the most susceptible cancer cell lines analysed in this study. A correlation between catalase activity and the susceptibility to ascorbic acid was observed. To study the possible protective role of catalase on the resistance of cancer cells to oxidative cell stress, the expression of catalase in the breast carcinoma cell line BT-20, which cells were highly resistant to the exposure to ascorbic acid (EC50: 94,9 mmol/L), was silenced with specific sh-RNA. The effect was that catalase-silenced BT-20 cells (BT-20 KD-CAT) became more susceptible to high concentrations of ascorbic acid (50 and 100 mmol/L). Conclusions Fifty-five percent of the human cancer cell lines tested were unable to protect themselves against oxidative stress mediated by ascorbic acid induced hydrogen peroxide production. The antioxidative enzyme catalase is important to protect cancer cells against cytotoxic hydrogen peroxide. Silenced catalase expression increased the susceptibility of the formerly resistant cancer cell line BT-20 to oxidative stress.
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Zhang ZX, Min WP, Jevnikar AM. Use of RNA interference to minimize ischemia reperfusion injury. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:140-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bovill EG, van der Vliet A. Venous valvular stasis-associated hypoxia and thrombosis: what is the link? Annu Rev Physiol 2011; 73:527-45. [PMID: 21034220 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Clinical VTE and the evidence for the valvular origin of venous thrombosis are reviewed. Virchow's triad is then used as a framework for discussion to approach the question posed regarding the link between venous valvular stasis-associated hypoxia and thrombosis. Thus, the effects of blood flow stasis, hypercoagulability of blood, and the characteristics of the vessel wall within the venous valvular sinus are assessed in turn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin G Bovill
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, 05405, USA.
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