1
|
Zakaria EM, Mohammed E, Alsemeh AE, Eltaweel AM, Elrashidy RA. Multiple-heated cooking oil promotes early hepatic and renal senescence in adult male rats: the potential regenerative capacity of oleuropein. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38845370 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2365431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
For economic purposes, cooking oil is repeatedly heated in food preparation, which imposes serious health threats. This study investigated the detrimental effects of multiple-heated cooking oil (MHO) on hepatic and renal tissues with particular focusing on cellular senescence (CS), and the potential regenerative capacity of oleuropein (OLE). Adult male rats were fed MHO-enriched diet for 8 weeks and OLE (50 mg/kg, PO) was administered daily for the last four weeks. Liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress markers were measured. Cell cycle markers p53, p21, cyclin D, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated in hepatic and renal tissues. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Bax were assessed by immunohistochemistry. General histology and collagen deposition were also examined. MHO disturbed hepatic and renal structures and functions. MHO-fed rats showed increased oxidative stress, TNF-α, Bax, and fibrosis in liver and kidney tissues. MHO also enhanced the renal and hepatic expression of p53, p21, cyclin D and PCNA. On the contrary, OLE mitigated MHO-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory burden, apoptotic and fibrotic changes. OLE also suppressed CS and preserved kidney and liver functions. Collectively, OLE displays marked regenerative capacity against MHO-induced hepatic and renal CS, via its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebaa Mohammed
- Pharmacology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Medicines Information Center, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Monir Eltaweel
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qarawani A, Naaman E, Ben-Zvi Elimelech R, Harel M, Itzkovich C, Safuri S, Dahan N, Henkin J, Zayit-Soudry S. PEDF-derived peptide protects against Amyloid-β toxicity in vitro and prevents retinal dysfunction in rats. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109861. [PMID: 38522635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ), a family of aggregation-prone and neurotoxic peptides, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have previously shown that oligomeric and fibrillar species of Aβ42 exerted retinal toxicity in rats, but while the consequences of exposure to amyloid were related to intracellular effects, the mechanism of Aβ42 internalization in the retina is not well characterized. In the brain, the 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) participates in Aβ-related neuronal cell death. A short peptide derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), formerly designated PEDF-335, was found to mitigate experimental models of ischemic retinopathy via targeting of 67LR. In the present study, we hypothesized that 67LR mediates the uptake of pathogenic Aβ42 assemblies in the retina, and that targeting of this receptor by PEDF-335 may limit the internalization of Aβ, thereby ameliorating its retinotoxicity. To test this assumption ARPE-19 cells in culture were incubated with PEDF-335 before treatment with fibrillar or oligomeric structures of Aβ42. Immunostaining confirmed that PEDF-335 treatment substantially prevented amyloid internalization into ARPE-19 cells and maintained their viability in the presence of toxic oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ42 entities in vitro. FRET competition assay was performed and confirmed the binding of PEDF-335 to 67LR in RPE-like cells. Wild-type rats were treated with intravitreal PEDF-335 in the experimental eye 2 days prior to administration of retinotoxic Aβ42 oligomers or fibrils to both eyes. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography through 6 weeks post injection. The ERG responses in rats treated with oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ42 assemblies were near-normal in eyes previously treated with intravitreal PEDF-335, whereas those measured in the control eyes treated with injection of the Aβ42 assemblies alone showed pathologic attenuation of the retinal function through 6 weeks. The retinal presence of 67LR was determined ex vivo by immunostaining and western blotting. Retinal staining demonstrated the constitutional expression of 67LR mainly in the retinal nuclear layers. In the presence of Aβ42, the levels of 67LR were increased, although its retinal distribution remained largely unaltered. In contrast, no apparent differences in the retinal expression level of 67LR were noted following exposure to PEDF-335 alone, and its pattern of localization in the retina remained similarly concentrated primarily in the inner and outer nuclear layers. In summary, we found that PEDF-335 confers protection against Aβ42-mediated retinal toxicity, with significant effects noted in cells as well as in vivo in rats. The effects of PEDF-335 in the retina are potentially mediated via binding to 67LR and by at least partial inhibition of Aβ42 internalization. These results suggest that PEDF-335 may merit further consideration in the development of targeted inhibition of amyloid-related toxicity in the retina. More broadly, our observations provide evidence on the importance of extracellular versus intracellular Aβ42 in the retina and suggest concepts on the molecular mechanism of Aβ retinal pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Qarawani
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Naaman
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rony Ben-Zvi Elimelech
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chen Itzkovich
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shadi Safuri
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitsan Dahan
- Life Sciences and Engineering (LS&E) Infrastructure Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jack Henkin
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Shiri Zayit-Soudry
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rinaldi M, Pezone A, Quadrini GI, Abbadessa G, Laezza MP, Passaro ML, Porcellini A, Costagliola C. Targeting shared pathways in tauopathies and age-related macular degeneration: implications for novel therapies. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1371745. [PMID: 38633983 PMCID: PMC11021713 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1371745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate parallels in structure and function between the human retina and the central nervous system designate the retina as a prospective avenue for understanding brain-related processes. This review extensively explores the shared physiopathological mechanisms connecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proteinopathies, with a specific focus on tauopathies. The pivotal involvement of oxidative stress and cellular senescence emerges as key drivers of pathogenesis in both conditions. Uncovering these shared elements not only has the potential to enhance our understanding of intricate neurodegenerative diseases but also sets the stage for pioneering therapeutic approaches in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rinaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Italia Quadrini
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Abbadessa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Laezza
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Passaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li HY, Wei TT, Zhuang M, Tan CY, Xie TH, Cai J, Yao Y, Zhu L. Iron derived from NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy causes cellular senescence via the cGAS-STING pathway. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:419. [PMID: 37980349 PMCID: PMC10657394 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging and has been linked to age-related diseases. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common aging-related retinal disease, is prospectively associated with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) senescence. However, the mechanism of RPE cell senescence remains unknown. In this study, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH)-induced ARPE-19 cells and D-galactose-treated C57 mice were used to examine the cause of elevated iron in RPE cell senescence. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)-treated ARPE-19 cells and C57 mice were used to elucidated the mechanism of iron overload-induced RPE cell senescence. Molecular biology techniques for the assessment of iron metabolism, cellular senescence, autophagy, and mitochondrial function in vivo and in vitro. We found that iron level was increased during the senescence process. Ferritin, a major iron storage protein, is negatively correlated with intracellular iron levels and cell senescence. NCOA4, a cargo receptor for ferritinophagy, mediates degradation of ferritin and contributes to iron accumulation. Besides, we found that iron overload leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is released from damaged mitochondria to cytoplasm. Cytoplasm mtDNA activates the cGAS-STING pathway and promotes inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and cell senescence. Meanwhile, iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) significantly rescues RPE senescence and retinopathy induced by FAC or D-gal in mice. Taken together, these findings imply that iron derived from NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy causes cellular senescence via the cGAS-STING pathway. Inhibiting iron accumulation may represent a promising therapeutic approach for age-related diseases such as AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Miao Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tian-Hua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malek G, Campisi J, Kitazawa K, Webster C, Lakkaraju A, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Does senescence play a role in age-related macular degeneration? Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109254. [PMID: 36150544 PMCID: PMC10032649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is the most established risk factor for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the elderly, in Western and developed countries. Similarly, after middle age, there is an exponential increase in pathologic molecular and cellular events that can induce senescence, traditionally defined as an irreversible loss of the cells' ability to divide and most recently reported to also occur in select post-mitotic and terminally differentiated cells, such as neurons. Together these facts raise the question as to whether or not cellular senescence, may play a role in the development of AMD. A number of studies have reported the effect of ocular-relevant inducers of senescence using primarily in vitro models of poorly polarized, actively dividing retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell lines. However, in interpretating the data, the fidelity of these culture models to the RPE in vivo, must be considered. Fewer studies have explored the presence and/or impact of senescent cells in in vivo models that present with phenotypic features of AMD, leaving this an open field for further investigation. The goal of this review is to discuss current thoughts on the potential role of senescence in AMD development and progression, with consideration of the model systems used and their relevance to human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Koji Kitazawa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Corey Webster
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Aparna Lakkaraju
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Single-cell transcriptome of the mouse retinal pigment epithelium in response to a low-dose of doxorubicin. Commun Biol 2022; 5:722. [PMID: 35859009 PMCID: PMC9300683 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is thought to play an important role in vision-threatening retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the single-cell RNA profiles of control RPE tissue and RPE tissue exhibiting cellular senescence are not well known. We have analyzed the single-cell transcriptomes of control mice and mice with low-dose doxorubicin (Dox)-induced RPE senescence (Dox-RPE). Our results have identified 4 main subpopulations in the control RPE that exhibit heterogeneous biological activities and play roles in ATP synthesis, cell mobility/differentiation, mRNA processing, and catalytic activity. In Dox-RPE mice, cellular senescence mainly occurs in the specific cluster, which has been characterized by catalytic activity in the control RPE. Furthermore, in the Dox-RPE mice, 6 genes that have not previously been associated with senescence also show altered expression in 4 clusters. Our results might serve as a useful reference for the study of control and senescent RPE. Single cell transcriptomics pinpoints a cell subpopulation that could be involved in inducing cellular senescence of the retinal pigment epithelium, which in turn may construe retinal degenerative disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chae JB, Jang H, Son C, Park CW, Choi H, Jin S, Lee HY, Lee H, Ryu JH, Kim N, Kim C, Chung H. Targeting senescent retinal pigment epithelial cells facilitates retinal regeneration in mouse models of age-related macular degeneration. GeroScience 2021; 43:2809-2833. [PMID: 34601706 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disorder with angiogenic, immune, and inflammatory components, the most common clinical treatment strategies are antiangiogenic therapies. However, these strategies are only applicable to neovascular AMD, which accounts for less than 20% of all AMD cases, and there are no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of dry AMD, which accounts for ~ 80% of AMD cases. Here, we report that the elimination of senescent cells is a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of all types of AMD. We identified senescent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in animal models of AMD and determined their contributions to retinal degeneration. We further confirmed that the clearance of senescent RPE cells with the MDM2-p53 inhibitor Nutlin-3a ameliorated retinal degeneration. These findings provide new insights into the use of senescent cells as a therapeutic target for the treatment of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Byoung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoik Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanok Son
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seongeon Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium impairs stem cells: a vicious cycle in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:67-77. [PMID: 34535868 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging, chronic oxidative stress, and inflammation are major pathogenic factors in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The human RPE contains a subpopulation of progenitors (i.e., RPE stem cells-RPESCs) whose role in the RPE homeostasis is under investigation. We evaluated the paracrine effects of mature RPE cells exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2) on RPESCs behavior through co-cultural, morphofunctional, and bioinformatic approaches. RPESCs showed a decline in proliferation, an increase of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, the acquisition of a senescent-like secretory phenotype (SASP), and the reduction of their stemness and differentiation competencies. IL-6 and Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) seem to be key molecules in RPESCs response to oxidative stress. Our results get insight into stress-induced senescent-associated molecular mechanisms implicated in AMD pathogenesis. The presence of chronic oxidative stress in the microenvironment reduces the RPESCs abilities, inducing and/or maintaining a pro-inflammatory retinal milieu that in turn could affect AMD onset and progression.
Collapse
|
9
|
Toma C, De Cillà S, Palumbo A, Garhwal DP, Grossini E. Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review of Their Role in Different Stages of Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050653. [PMID: 33922463 PMCID: PMC8145578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms leading to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have not been clearly identified, oxidative damage in the retina and choroid due to an imbalance between local oxidants/anti-oxidant systems leading to chronic inflammation could represent the trigger event. Different in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the involvement of reactive oxygen species generated in a highly oxidative environment in the development of drusen and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes in the initial pathologic processes of AMD; moreover, recent evidence has highlighted the possible association of oxidative stress and neovascular AMD. Nitric oxide (NO), which is known to play a key role in retinal physiological processes and in the regulation of choroidal blood flow, under pathologic conditions could lead to RPE/photoreceptor degeneration due to the generation of peroxynitrite, a potentially cytotoxic tyrosine-nitrating molecule. Furthermore, the altered expression of the different isoforms of NO synthases could be involved in choroidal microvascular changes leading to neovascularization. The purpose of this review was to investigate the different pathways activated by oxidative/nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of AMD, focusing on the mechanisms leading to neovascularization and on the possible protective role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Toma
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefano De Cillà
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.); (A.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Aurelio Palumbo
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Divya Praveen Garhwal
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-0321-660526
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Varinthra P, Huang SP, Chompoopong S, Wen ZH, Liu IY. 4-(Phenylsulfanyl) Butan-2-One Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Amyloid-β Oligomers in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 19:md19010001. [PMID: 33374505 PMCID: PMC7822165 DOI: 10.3390/md19010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective treatment is not yet available. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in drusen that lie under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been reported as one of the early signs of AMD and was found in more than 60% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Extracellular deposition of Aβ can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in RPE cells. Thus, finding a compound that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response may help the treatment of AMD. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the coral-derived compound 4-(phenylsulfanyl) butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on Aβ1-42 oligomer (oAβ1-42) added to the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Our results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 can decrease the elevated expressions of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS via NF-κB signaling in ARPE-19 cells treated with oAβ1-42 without causing any cytotoxicity or notable side effects. This study suggests that 4-PSB-2 is a promising drug candidate for attenuation of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Supin Chompoopong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Ingrid Y. Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3846-2722
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu X, Luo Y, Chen G, Liu H, Tian N, Zen X, Huang Y. Long non-coding RNA PWRN2 regulates cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of age-related macular degeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 535:39-46. [PMID: 33340764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may lead to irreversibly vision loss among aging populations. In this work, in an in vitro AMD cell model, we examined the expression and function of long non-coding RNA, Prader-Willi Region Non-Protein Coding RNA 2 (PWRN2) in injured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHOD ARPE-19 cell line was maintained in vitro and treated with multi-module stressful conditions, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) and ultraviolet B (UVB). Multi-module-stressor-induced cell death was monitored by a viability assay, and PWRN2 expression by qRT-PCR. PWRN2 was either downregulated or upregulated in ARPE-19 cells. The effects of PWRN2 downregulation or upregulation on t-BuOOH-induced cell death, cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial injuries were then quantitatively evaluated. RESULTS Multi-module stressful conditions induced cell death and PWRN2 upregulation in ARPE-19 cells in vitro. We created ARPE-19 subpopulations with either downregulated or upregulated PWRN2 expressions. Quantitative assays demonstrated that, PWRN2 downregulation effectively alleviated t-BuOOH-induced cell death, apoptosis and various-type of mitochondrial injuries. On the other hand, PWRN2 upregulation worsened t-BuOOH-induced cellular damages in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that downregulating PWRN2 protected multi-module-stressor-induced cell death, apoptosis and mitochondrial injuries in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, suggesting PWRN2 may be an active factor in human AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China.
| | - Yingzi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Ni Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Xiaoting Zen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The retinal toxicity profile towards assemblies of Amyloid-β indicate the predominant pathophysiological activity of oligomeric species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20954. [PMID: 33262378 PMCID: PMC7708452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ), reported as a significant constituent of drusen, was implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), yet the identity of the major pathogenic Aβ species in the retina has remained hitherto unclear. Here, we examined the in-vivo retinal impact of distinct supramolecular assemblies of Aβ. Fibrillar (Aβ40, Aβ42) and oligomeric (Aβ42) preparations showed clear biophysical hallmarks of amyloid assemblies. Measures of retinal structure and function were studied longitudinally following intravitreal administration of the various Aβ assemblies in rats. Electroretinography (ERG) delineated differential retinal neurotoxicity of Aβ species. Oligomeric Aβ42 inflicted the major toxic effect, exerting diminished ERG responses through 30 days post injection. A lesser degree of retinal dysfunction was noted following treatment with fibrillar Aβ42, whereas no retinal compromise was recorded in response to Aβ40 fibrils. The toxic effect of Aβ42 architectures was further reflected by retinal glial response. Fluorescence labelling of Aβ42 species was used to detect their accumulation into the retinal tissue. These results provide conceptual evidence of the differential toxicity of particular Aβ species in-vivo, and promote the mechanistic understanding of their retinal pathogenicity. Stratifying the impact of pathological Aβ aggregation in the retina may merit further investigation to decipher the pathophysiological relevance of processes of molecular self-assembly in retinal disorders.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yammine A, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Vejux A, Latruffe N, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Samadi M, Mackrill JJ, Greige-Gerges H, Auezova L, Lizard G. Prevention by Dietary Polyphenols (Resveratrol, Quercetin, Apigenin) Against 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Oxiapoptophagy in Neuronal N2a Cells: Potential Interest for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Age-Related Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112346. [PMID: 33114025 PMCID: PMC7690753 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with health benefits due to bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. The biological activities of three polyphenols (quercetin (QCT), resveratrol (RSV), apigenin (API)) were evaluated in mouse neuronal N2a cells in the presence of 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), a major cholesterol oxidation product increased in patients with age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. In N2a cells, 7KC (50 µM; 48 h) induces cytotoxic effects characterized by an induction of cell death. When associated with RSV, QCT and API (3.125; 6.25 µM), 7KC-induced toxicity was reduced. The ability of QCT, RSV and API to prevent 7KC-induced oxidative stress was characterized by a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in whole cells and at the mitochondrial level; by an attenuation of the increase in the level and activity of catalase; by attenuating the decrease in the expression, level and activity of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1); by normalizing the expression, level and activity of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 (SOD1, SOD2); and by reducing the decrease in the expression of nuclear erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2) which regulates antioxidant genes. QCT, RSV and API also prevented mitochondrial dysfunction in 7KC-treated cells by counteracting the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΨΔm) and attenuating the decreased gene expression and/or protein level of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. At the peroxisomal level, QCT, RSV and API prevented the impact of 7KC by counteracting the decrease in ATP binding cassette subfamily D member (ABCD)3 (a peroxisomal mass marker) at the protein and mRNA levels, as well as the decreased expresssion of genes associated with peroxisomal biogenesis (Pex13, Pex14) and peroxisomal β-oxidation (Abcd1, Acox1, Mfp2, Thiolase A). The 7KC-induced decrease in ABCD1 and multifunctional enzyme type 2 (MFP2), two proteins involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation, was also attenuated by RSV, QCT and API. 7KC-induced cell death, which has characteristics of apoptosis (cells with fragmented and/or condensed nuclei; cleaved caspase-3; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) fragmentation) and autophagy (cells with monodansyl cadaverine positive vacuoles; activation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3–I (LC3-I) to LC3-II, was also strongly attenuated by RSV, QCT and API. Thus, in N2a cells, 7KC induces a mode of cell death by oxiapoptophagy, including criteria of OXIdative stress, APOPTOsis and autoPHAGY, associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction, which is counteracted by RSV, QCT, and API reinforcing the interest for these polyphenols in prevention of diseases associated with increased 7KC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Yammine
- Team Bio-peroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (T.N.); (A.V.); (N.L.)
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon; (H.G.-G.); (L.A.)
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health’, University Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team Bio-peroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (T.N.); (A.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team Bio-peroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (T.N.); (A.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Team Bio-peroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (T.N.); (A.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Team OCS, Institute of Molecular Chemistry of University of Burgundy (ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- LCPMC-A2, ICPM, Depterment of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz Technopôle, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - John J. Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, T12 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon; (H.G.-G.); (L.A.)
| | - Lizette Auezova
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon; (H.G.-G.); (L.A.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-peroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (T.N.); (A.V.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +333-80-39-62-56; Fax: +333-80-39-62-50
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nita M, Grzybowski A. Interplay between reactive oxygen species and autophagy in the course of age-related macular degeneration. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1353-1371. [PMID: 33192217 PMCID: PMC7658465 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological biomolecules such as lipofuscin, methylglyoxal-modified proteins (the major precursors of advanced glycationend products), misfolding protein deposits and dysfunctional mitochondria are source of oxidative stress and act as strong autophagic stimulators in age-related macular degeneration. Disturbed autophagy accelerates progression of the disease, since it leads to retinal cells' death and activates inflammation by the interplay with the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Vascular dysfunction and hypoxia, as well as circulating autoantibodies against autophagy regulators (anti-S100A9, anti-ANXA5, and anti-HSPA8, A9 and B4) compromise an autophagy-mediated mechanism as well. Metformin, the autophagic stimulator, may act as a senostatic drug to inhibit the senescent phenotype in the age-related macular degeneration. PGC-1α , Sirt1 and AMPK represent new therapeutic targets for interventions in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed" Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmolgy, Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.,Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shimoni C, Goldstein M, Ribarski-Chorev I, Schauten I, Nir D, Strauss C, Schlesinger S. Heat Shock Alters Mesenchymal Stem Cell Identity and Induces Premature Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:565970. [PMID: 33072750 PMCID: PMC7537765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.565970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can have a serious impact on the health of both humans and animals. A major question is how heat stress affects normal development and differentiation at both the cellular and the organism levels. Here we use an in vitro experimental system to address how heat shock treatment influences the properties of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)—multipotent progenitor cells—which are found in most tissues. Because cattle are sensitive to harsh external temperatures, studying the effects of heat shock on MSCs provides a unique platform to address cellular stress in a physiologically relevant model organism. Following isolation and characterization of MSCs from the cow’s umbilical cord, heat shock was induced either as a pulse (1 h) or continuously (3 days), and consequent effects on MSCs were characterized. Heat shock induced extensive phenotypic changes in MSCs and dramatically curtailed their capacity to proliferate and differentiate. These changes were associated with a partial arrest in the G1/S or G2/M checkpoints. Furthermore, MSCs lost their ability to resolve the inflammatory response of RAW macrophages in coculture. A possible explanation for this loss of function is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malfunction of the mitochondria in the treated cells. Heat shock treatments resulted in stress-induced premature senescence, affecting the MSCs’ ability to proliferate properly for many cell passages to follow. Exposure to elevated external temperatures leads to mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which in turn conveys critical changes in the proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory phenotype of heat-stressed MSCs. A better understanding of the effect of heat shock on humans and animals may result in important health and economic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shimoni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Myah Goldstein
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ivana Ribarski-Chorev
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iftach Schauten
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Nir
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carmit Strauss
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamazaki T, Suzuki H, Yamada S, Ohshio K, Sugamata M, Yamada T, Morita Y. Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 Suppresses Inflammatory Stress-Induced Premature Cellular Senescence of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Reduces Ocular Disorders in Healthy Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145091. [PMID: 32708511 PMCID: PMC7403967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 (KW3110) has anti-inflammatory effects and mitigates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell damage caused by blue-light exposure. We investigated whether KW3110 suppresses chronic inflammatory stress-induced RPE cell damage by modulating immune cell activity and whether it improves ocular disorders in healthy humans. First, we showed that KW3110 treatment of mouse macrophages (J774A.1) produced significantly higher levels of interleukin-10 as compared with other lactic acid bacterium strains (all p < 0.01). Transferring supernatant from KW3110- and E. coli 0111:B4 strain and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (LPS/ATP)-stimulated J774A.1 cells to human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells suppressed senescence-associated phenotypes, including proliferation arrest, abnormal appearance, cell cycle arrest, and upregulation of cytokines, and also suppressed expression of tight junction molecule claudin-1. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study of healthy subjects (n = 88; 35 to below 50 years) ingesting placebo or KW3110-containing supplements for 8 weeks showed that changes in critical flicker frequency, an indicator of eye fatigue, from the week-0 value were significantly larger in the KW3110 group at weeks 4 (p = 0.040) and 8 (p = 0.036). These results suggest that KW3110 protects ARPE-19 cells against premature senescence and aberrant expression of tight junction molecules caused by chronic inflammatory stress, and may improve chronic eye disorders including eye fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamazaki
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (K.O.); (M.S.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-2202-2921
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (K.O.); (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Sayuri Yamada
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (K.O.); (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Konomi Ohshio
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (K.O.); (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Miho Sugamata
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (K.O.); (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | | | - Yuji Morita
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (K.O.); (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang C, Shani S, Tahiri H, Ortiz C, Gu M, Lavoie JC, Croteau S, Hardy P. Extracellular microparticles exacerbate oxidative damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111957. [PMID: 32173468 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) dysfunction is a primary contributing factor to early dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidative injury to the retina may promote extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from RPE. In this study, we investigated the effects of oxidative-induced RPE cell-derived microparticles (RMPs) on RPE cell functions. The oxidative stress induced more RMPs released from RPE cells in vitro and in vivo, and significant more RMPs were released from aged RPE cells than that from younger RPE cells. RMPs were taken up by RPE cells in a time-dependent manner; however, blockage of CD36 attenuated the uptake process. Furthermore, the decrease of RPE cell viability by RMPs treatment was associated with an increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15 and p21. RMPs enhanced senescence and interrupted phagocytic activity of RPE cells as well. The present study demonstrated that RMPs produce a strong effect of inducing RPE cell degeneration. This finding further supports the postulate that RMPs exacerbate oxidative stress damage to RPE cells, which may uncover a potentially relevant process in the genesis of dry AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Saeideh Shani
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Houda Tahiri
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Christina Ortiz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Muqing Gu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Stéphane Croteau
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ji Cho M, Yoon SJ, Kim W, Park J, Lee J, Park JG, Cho YL, Hun Kim J, Jang H, Park YJ, Lee SH, Min JK. Oxidative stress-mediated TXNIP loss causes RPE dysfunction. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31615975 PMCID: PMC6802648 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), for example, through oxidative damage, is a common factor underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aberrant autophagy also contributes to AMD pathology, as autophagy maintains RPE homeostasis to ensure blood–retinal barrier (BRB) integrity and protect photoreceptors. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) promotes cellular oxidative stress by inhibiting thioredoxin reducing capacity and is in turn inversely regulated by reactive oxygen species levels; however, its role in oxidative stress-induced RPE cell dysfunction and the mechanistic link between TXNIP and autophagy are largely unknown. Here, we observed that TXNIP expression was rapidly downregulated in RPE cells under oxidative stress and that RPE cell proliferation was decreased. TXNIP knockdown demonstrated that the suppression of proliferation resulted from TXNIP depletion-induced autophagic flux, causing increased p53 activation via nuclear localization, which in turn enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and activation. Moreover, TXNIP downregulation further negatively impacted BRB integrity by disrupting RPE cell tight junctions and enhancing cell motility by phosphorylating, and thereby activating, Src kinase. Finally, we also revealed that TXNIP knockdown upregulated HIF-1α, leading to the enhanced secretion of VEGF from RPE cells and the stimulation of angiogenesis in cocultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. This suggests that the exposure of RPE cells to sustained oxidative stress may promote choroidal neovascularization, another AMD pathology. Together, these findings reveal three distinct mechanisms by which TXNIP downregulation disrupts RPE cell function and thereby exacerbates AMD pathogenesis. Accordingly, reinforcing or restoring BRB integrity by targeting TXNIP may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing or attenuating photoreceptor damage in AMD. A protein found in retinal cells promotes the development of age-related macular degeneration and may provide a therapeutic target. Sight loss through macular degeneration is triggered by disruption to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a layer of cells that carries nutrients to the eye. RPE cells can be disrupted under oxidative stress conditions, but how this influences macular degeneration is unclear. Jeong-Ki Min and Sang-Hyun Lee at the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology in Daejeon, South Korea, and co-workers found that oxidative stress reduces levels of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in human RPE cell cultures. This interrupts cellular communication and disturbs the balance between cell proliferation and cell recycling. It also increases the levels of proteins that promote excess blood vessel formation, a key process contributing to macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Cho
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooil Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jang
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Akhtar-Schäfer I, Wang L, Krohne TU, Xu H, Langmann T. Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708259. [PMID: 30224384 PMCID: PMC6180304 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes an unbalanced retinal immune reaction involving responses of local microglia and recruited macrophages, activity of the alternative complement system, and inflammasome assembly in the retinal pigment epithelium. Presenting these key mechanisms as complementary targets, we specifically emphasize the concept of immunomodulation as potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay vision loss. Promising molecules are ligands for phagocyte receptors, specific inhibitors of complement activation products, and inflammasome inhibitors. We comprehensively summarize the scientific evidence for this strategy from preclinical animal models, human ocular tissue analyses, and clinical trials evolving in the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Akhtar-Schäfer
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim U Krohne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dalvi S, Galloway CA, Singh R. Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Degenerative Retinal Diseases: The RPE Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1186:1-31. [PMID: 31654384 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell technology, including human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), has provided a suitable platform to investigate molecular and pathological alterations in an individual cell type using patient's own cells. Importantly, hiPSCs/hESCs are amenable to genome editing providing unique access to isogenic controls. Specifically, the ability to introduce disease-causing mutations in control (unaffected) and conversely correct disease-causing mutations in patient-derived hiPSCs has provided a powerful approach to clearly link the disease phenotype with a specific gene mutation. In fact, utilizing hiPSC/hESC and CRISPR technology has provided significant insight into the pathomechanism of several diseases. With regard to the eye, the use of hiPSCs/hESCs to study human retinal diseases is especially relevant to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-based disorders. This is because several studies have now consistently shown that hiPSC-RPE in culture displays key physical, gene expression and functional attributes of human RPE in vivo. In this book chapter, we will discuss the current utility, limitations, and plausible future approaches of pluripotent stem cell technology for the study of retinal degenerative diseases. Of note, although we will broadly summarize the significant advances made in modeling and studying several retinal diseases utilizing hiPSCs/hESCs, our specific focus will be on the utility of patient-derived hiPSCs for (1) establishment of human cell models and (2) molecular and pharmacological studies on patient-derived cell models of retinal degenerative diseases where RPE cellular defects play a major pathogenic role in disease development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Dalvi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chad A Galloway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Zheng Y, Wang C, Liu Y. Glutathione depletion induces ferroptosis, autophagy, and premature cell senescence in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:753. [PMID: 29988039 PMCID: PMC6037763 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) protects against oxidative damage in many tissues, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Oxidative stress-mediated senescence and death of RPE and subsequent death of photoreceptors have been observed in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although the consequences of GSH depletion have been described previously, questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms. We herein examined the downstream effects of GSH depletion on stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and cell death in human RPE cells. Briefly, cultured ARPE-19 cells were depleted of GSH using: (1) incubation in cystine (Cys2)-free culture medium; (2) treatment with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO, 1000 µM) to block de novo GSH synthesis for 24-48 h; or (3) treatment with erastin (10 µM for 12-24 h) to inhibit Cys2/glutamate antiporter (system xc-). These treatments decreased cell viability and increased both soluble and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation but did not affect mitochondrial ROS or mitochondrial mass. Western blot analysis revealed decreased expression of ferroptotic modulator glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Increased autophagy was apparent, as reflected by increased LC3 expression, autophagic vacuoles, and autophagic flux. In addition, GSH depletion induced SIPS, as evidenced by increased percentage of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive cells, increased senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), as well as cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. GSH depletion-dependent cell death was prevented by selective ferroptosis inhibitors (8 μM Fer-1 and 600 nM Lip-1), iron chelator DFO (80 μM), as well as autophagic inhibitors Baf-A1 (75 nM) and 3-MA (10 mM). Inhibiting autophagy with Baf-A1 (75 nM) or 3-MA (10 mM) promoted SIPS. In contrast, inducing autophagy with rapamycin (100 nM) attenuated SIPS. Our findings suggest that GSH depletion induces ferroptosis, autophagy, and SIPS. In addition, we found that autophagy is activated in the process of ferroptosis and reduces SIPS, suggesting an essential role of autophagy in ferroptosis and SIPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schottler J, Randoll N, Lucius R, Caliebe A, Roider J, Klettner A. Long-term treatment with anti-VEGF does not induce cell aging in primary retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Eye Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Chang CH, Chiu HF, Han YC, Chen IH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Photoprotective effects of cranberry juice and its various fractions against blue light-induced impairment in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:571-580. [PMID: 27937080 PMCID: PMC6130735 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1263344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cranberry has numerous biological activities, including antioxidation, anticancer, cardioprotection, as well as treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI), attributed to abundant phenolic contents. OBJECTIVE The current study focused on the effect of cranberry juice (CJ) on blue light exposed human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells which mimic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary phytochemical and HPLC analysis, as well as total antioxidant capacity and scavenging activity of cranberry ethyl acetate extract and different CJ fractions (condensed tannins containing fraction), were evaluated. In cell line model, ARPE-19 were irradiated with blue light at 450 nm wavelength for 10 h (mimic AMD) and treated with different fractions of CJ extract at different doses (5-50 μg/mL) by assessing the cell viability or proliferation rate using MTT assay (repairing efficacy). RESULTS Phytochemical and HPLC analysis reveals the presence of several phenolic compounds (flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, quercetin) in ethyl acetate extract and different fractions of CJ. However, the condensed tannin containing fraction of ethyl acetate extract of CJ displayed the greater (p < 0.05) scavenging activity especially at the dose of 1 mg/mL. Similarly, the condensed tannin containing fraction at 50 μg/mL presented better (p < 0.05) repairing ability (increased cell viability). Furthermore, the oligomeric condensed tannin containing fraction display the best (p < 0.05) repairing efficiency at 50 μg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study distinctly proved that condensed tannin containing fraction of CJ probably exhibits better free radicals scavenging activity and thereby effectively protected the ARPE-19 cells and thus, hampers the progress of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Huang Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsien Chen
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Can Autophagy and DNA Damage Response Play a Role? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5293258. [PMID: 29225722 PMCID: PMC5687149 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5293258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main reason of blindness in developed countries. Aging is the main AMD risk factor. Oxidative stress, inflammation and some genetic factors play a role in AMD pathogenesis. AMD is associated with the degradation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, photoreceptors, and choriocapillaris. Lost RPE cells in the central retina can be replaced by their peripheral counterparts. However, if they are senescent, degenerated regions in the macula cannot be regenerated. Oxidative stress, a main factor of AMD pathogenesis, can induce DNA damage response (DDR), autophagy, and cell senescence. Moreover, cell senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Cell senescence is the state of permanent cellular division arrest and concerns only mitotic cells. RPE cells, although quiescent in the retina, can proliferate in vitro. They can also undergo oxidative stress-induced senescence. Therefore, cellular senescence can be considered as an important molecular pathway of AMD pathology, resulting in an inability of the macula to regenerate after degeneration of RPE cells caused by a factor inducing DDR and autophagy. It is too early to speculate about the role of the mutual interplay between cell senescence, autophagy, and DDR, but this subject is worth further studies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Senthilkumari S, Sharmila R, Chidambaranathan G, Vanniarajan A. Epalrestat, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Prevents Glucose-Induced Toxicity in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:34-41. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajendran Sharmila
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | | | - Ayyasamy Vanniarajan
- Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation (AMRF), Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Madurai, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miller JW, Bagheri S, Vavvas DG. Advances in Age-related Macular Degeneration Understanding and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:119-130. [PMID: 29142592 PMCID: PMC5683729 DOI: 10.17925/usor.2017.10.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) as a therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was a great success, the pathologic processes underlying dry AMD that eventually leads to photoreceptor dysfunction, death, and vision loss remain elusive to date, with a lack of effective therapies and increasing prevalence of the disease. There is an overwhelming need to improve the classification system of AMD, to increase our understanding of cell death mechanisms involved in both neovascular and non-neovascular AMD, and to develop better biomarkers and clinical endpoints to eventually be able to identify better therapeutic targets—especially early in the disease process. There is no doubt that it is a matter of time before progress will be made and better therapies will be developed for non-neovascular AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan W Miller
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Saghar Bagheri
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang XY, Ng TK, Brelén ME, Wu D, Wang JX, Chan KP, Yung JSY, Cao D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Chan SO, Pang CP. Continuous exposure to non-lethal doses of sodium iodate induces retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37279. [PMID: 27849035 PMCID: PMC5110957 DOI: 10.1038/srep37279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is the major cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in elderly population. We previously established a RPE degeneration model using an acute high dose sodium iodate to induce oxidative stress. Here we report findings on a prolonged treatment of low doses of sodium iodate on human RPE cells (ARPE-19). RPE cells were treated continuously with low doses (2-10 mM) of sodium iodate for 5 days. Low doses (2-5 mM) of sodium iodate did not reduce RPE cell viability, which is contrasting to cell apoptosis in 10 mM treatment. These low doses are sufficient to retard RPE cell migration and reduced expression of cell junction protein ZO-1. Phagocytotic activity of RPE cells was attenuated by sodium iodate dose-dependently. Sodium iodate also increased expression of FGF-2, but suppressed expression of IL-8, PDGF, TIMP-2 and VEGF. Furthermore, HTRA1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker proteins were downregulated, whereas PERK and LC3B-II proteins were upregulated after sodium iodate treatment. These results suggested that prolonged exposure to non-lethal doses of oxidative stress induces RPE cell dysfunctions that resemble conditions in AMD. This model can be used for future drug/treatment investigation on AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenyang, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mårten Erik Brelén
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Xiong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jasmine Sum Yee Yung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Masuzzo A, Dinet V, Cavanagh C, Mascarelli F, Krantic S. Amyloidosis in Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 27551275 PMCID: PMC4976396 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a part of the central nervous system, the retina may reflect both physiological processes and abnormalities related to pathologies that affect the brain. Amyloidosis due to the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) was initially regarded as a specific and exclusive characteristic of neurodegenerative alterations seen in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. More recently, it was discovered that amyloidosis-related alterations, similar to those seen in the brain of Alzheimer's patients, also occur in the retina. Remarkably, these alterations were identified not only in primary retinal pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, but also in the retinas of Alzheimer's patients. In this review, we first briefly discuss the biogenesis of Aβ, a peptide involved in amyloidosis. We then discuss some pathological aspects (synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial failure, glial activation, and vascular abnormalities) related to the neurotoxic effects of Aβ. We finally highlight common features shared by AD, AMD, and glaucoma in the context of Aβ amyloidosis and further discuss why the retina, due to the transparency of the eye, can be considered as a "window" to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Masuzzo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Chelsea Cavanagh
- Department of Neuroscience, Douglas Hospital Research Center , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Frederic Mascarelli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Slavica Krantic
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marazita MC, Dugour A, Marquioni-Ramella MD, Figueroa JM, Suburo AM. Oxidative stress-induced premature senescence dysregulates VEGF and CFH expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Implications for Age-related Macular Degeneration. Redox Biol 2016; 7:78-87. [PMID: 26654980 PMCID: PMC4683426 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a critical role in the pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial disease that includes age, gene variants of complement regulatory proteins and smoking as the main risk factors. Stress-induced premature cellular senescence (SIPS) is postulated to contribute to this condition. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative damage, promoted by endogenous or exogenous sources, could elicit a senescence response in RPE cells, which would in turn dysregulate the expression of major players in AMD pathogenic mechanisms. We showed that exposure of a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) to a cigarette smoke concentrate (CSC), not only enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, but also induced 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine-immunoreactive (8-OHdG) DNA lesions and phosphorylated-Histone 2AX-immunoreactive (p-H2AX) nuclear foci. CSC-nuclear damage was followed by premature senescence as shown by positive senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, and p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf-Cip1) protein upregulation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment, a ROS scavenger, decreased senescence markers, thus supporting the role of oxidative damage in CSC-induced senescence activation. ARPE-19 senescent cultures were also established by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is an endogenous stress source produced in the retina under photo-oxidation conditions. Senescent cells upregulated the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, the main markers of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Most important, we show for the first time that senescent ARPE-19 cells upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and simultaneously downregulated complement factor H (CFH) expression. Since both phenomena are involved in AMD pathogenesis, our results support the hypothesis that SIPS could be a principal player in the induction and progression of AMD. Moreover, they would also explain the striking association of this disease with cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela C Marazita
- Cell and Molecular Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Andrea Dugour
- Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires C1440 FFX, Argentina
| | - Melisa D Marquioni-Ramella
- Cell and Molecular Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | | | - Angela M Suburo
- Cell and Molecular Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vainio I, Abu Khamidakh A, Paci M, Skottman H, Juuti-Uusitalo K, Hyttinen J, Nymark S. Computational Model of Ca2+ Wave Propagation in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial ARPE-19 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128434. [PMID: 26070134 PMCID: PMC4466493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Computational models of calcium (Ca2+) signaling have been constructed for several cell types. There are, however, no such models for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Our aim was to construct a Ca2+ signaling model for RPE based on our experimental data of mechanically induced Ca2+ wave in the in vitro model of RPE, the ARPE-19 monolayer. Methods We combined six essential Ca2+ signaling components into a model: stretch-sensitive Ca2+ channels (SSCCs), P2Y2 receptors, IP3 receptors, ryanodine receptors, Ca2+ pumps, and gap junctions. The cells in our epithelial model are connected to each other to enable transport of signaling molecules. Parameterization was done by tuning the above model components so that the simulated Ca2+ waves reproduced our control experimental data and data where gap junctions were blocked. Results Our model was able to explain Ca2+ signaling in ARPE-19 cells, and the basic mechanism was found to be as follows: 1) Cells near the stimulus site are likely to conduct Ca2+ through plasma membrane SSCCs and gap junctions conduct the Ca2+ and IP3 between cells further away. 2) Most likely the stimulated cell secretes ligand to the extracellular space where the ligand diffusion mediates the Ca2+ signal so that the ligand concentration decreases with distance. 3) The phosphorylation of the IP3 receptor defines the cell’s sensitivity to the extracellular ligand attenuating the Ca2+ signal in the distance. Conclusions The developed model was able to simulate an array of experimental data including drug effects. Furthermore, our simulations predict that suramin may interfere ligand binding on P2Y2 receptors or accelerate P2Y2 receptor phosphorylation, which may partially be the reason for Ca2+ wave attenuation by suramin. Being the first RPE Ca2+ signaling model created based on experimental data on ARPE-19 cell line, the model offers a platform for further modeling of native RPE functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iina Vainio
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Amna Abu Khamidakh
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michelangelo Paci
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Juuti-Uusitalo
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gomathy N, Sumantran VN, Shabna A, Sulochana KN. Tolerance of ARPE 19 cells to organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos is limited to concentration and time of exposure. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 117:24-30. [PMID: 25619908 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration is a blinding disease common in elder adults. The prevalence of age related macular degeneration has been found to be 1.8% in the Indian population. Organophosphates are widely used insecticides with well documented neurological effects, and the persistent nature of these compounds in the body results in long term health effects. Farmers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides in USA had an earlier onset of age related macular degeneration when compared to unexposed controls. A recent study found significant levels of an organophosphate, termed chlorpyrifos, in the blood samples of Indian farmers. Therefore, in understanding the link between age related macular degeneration and chlorpyrifos, the need for investigation is important. Our data show that ARPE-19 (retinal pigment epithelial cells) exhibit a cytoprotective response to chlorpyrifos as measured by viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide dismutase activity, and increased levels of glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione, after 24 h exposure to chlorpyrifos. However, this cytoprotective response was absent in ARPE-19 cells exposed to the same range of concentrations of chlorpyrifos for 48 h. These results have physiological significance, since HPLC analysis showed that effects of chlorpyrifos were mediated through its entry into ARPE-19 cells. HPLC analysis also showed that chlorpyrifos remained stable, as we recovered up to 80% of the chlorpyrifos added to 6 different ocular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Gomathy
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, No. 41, College road, Chennai 600041, India
| | - Venil N Sumantran
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, No. 41, College road, Chennai 600041, India
| | - A Shabna
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, No. 41, College road, Chennai 600041, India
| | - K N Sulochana
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, No. 41, College road, Chennai 600041, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kozlowski MR. Senescent retinal pigment epithelial cells are more sensitive to vascular endothelial growth factor: implications for "wet" age-related macular degeneration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 31:87-92. [PMID: 25453983 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Senescence of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer has been implicated in the occurrence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The present study examines whether the ability of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to decrease the barrier function of RPE cells is enhanced in senescent RPE cells, which could contribute to the pathology of "wet" AMD. METHODS Low or high population doubling level (PDL) range ARPE-19 human RPE cells were cultured in 6-well plates on membrane-containing inserts. After 2 weeks, the cells were treated with either VEGF or its vehicle and their transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured. One week later, the cells were stained for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SABG) activity. RESULTS VEGF was significantly more effective in reducing the TEER of the high PDL ARPE-19 cell layers than the low PDL layers (25% decrease vs. 6% decrease; t-test, P=0.0013). The low PDL cell layers had a modest uniform level of SABG staining. In contrast, the high PDL layers displayed darker and more mottled SABG staining indicative of the presence of senescent cells. CONCLUSIONS The present results show that the ability of VEGF to reduce the barrier function of RPE cell layers is greater in high PDL layers, which display signs of senescence, than in low PDL layers. Senescence-induced changes in the responsiveness of RPE cell layers to VEGF could contribute to the pathology of AMD. Agents that strengthen the barrier properties of RPE cells or reduce their responsiveness to VEGF could be effective in treating "wet" AMD.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rabin DM, Rabin RL, Blenkinsop TA, Temple S, Stern JH. Chronic oxidative stress upregulates Drusen-related protein expression in adult human RPE stem cell-derived RPE cells: a novel culture model for dry AMD. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:51-66. [PMID: 23257616 PMCID: PMC3616231 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to examine changes in the expression of transcripts and proteins associated with drusen in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) after exposing human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells to chronic oxidative stress. METHODS Primary adult human RPE cells were isolated from cadaveric donor eyes. The subpopulation of RPE stem cells (RPESCs) was activated, expanded, and then differentiated into RPE progeny. Confluent cultures of RPESC-derived hRPE and ARPE-19 cells were exposed to a regimen of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) for 1-5 days. After treatment, gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry and transepithelial resistance and cell toxicity were measured. RESULTS hRPE cells exposed to a regimen of TBHP for 5 days upregulate expression of several molecules identified in drusen, including molecular chaperones and pro-angiogenic factors. 5-day TBHP treatment was significantly more effective than 1-day treatment at eliciting these effects. The extent of hRPE response to 5-day treatment varied significantly between individual donors, nevertheless, 6 transcripts were reliably significantly upregulated. ARPE-19 cells treated with the same 5-day stress regime did not show the same pattern of response and did not upregulate this group of transcripts. CONCLUSIONS RPESC-derived hRPE cells change significantly when exposed to repeated oxidative stress conditions, upregulating expression of several drusen-related proteins and transcripts. This is consistent with the hypothesis that hRPE cells are competent to be a source of proteins found in drusen deposits. Our results suggest that donor-specific genetic and environmental factors influence the RPE stress response. ARPE-19 cells appear to be less representative of AMD-like changes than RPESC-derived hRPE. This adult stem cell-based system using chronic TBHP treatment of hRPE represents a novel in vitro model useful for the study of drusen formation and dry AMD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Rabin
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Small DM, Bennett NC, Roy S, Gabrielli BG, Johnson DW, Gobe GC. Oxidative stress and cell senescence combine to cause maximal renal tubular epithelial cell dysfunction and loss in an in vitro model of kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 122:123-30. [PMID: 23735887 DOI: 10.1159/000350726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and cost of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing. Renal tubular epithelial cell dysfunction and attrition, involving increased apoptosis and cell senescence, are central to the pathogenesis of CKD. The aim here was to use an in vitro model to investigate the separate and cumulative effects of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell senescence in promoting loss of renal mass. METHODS Human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were treated with moderate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for oxidative stress, with or without cell cycle inhibition (apigenin, API) for cell senescence. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and oxidative stress were measured by ATP assay, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function with confocal microscopy, MitoTracker Red CMXRos and live cell imaging with JC-1. In parallel, cell death and injury (i.e. apoptosis and Bax/Bcl-XL expression, lactate dehydrogenase), cell senescence (SA-β-galactosidase) and renal regenerative ability (cell proliferation), and their modulation with the anti-oxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) were investigated. RESULTS H2O2 and API, separately, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and cell senescence. Although API caused cell senescence, it also induced oxidative stress at levels similar to H2O2 treatment alone, indicating that senescence and oxidative stress may be intrinsically linked. When H2O2 and API were delivered concurrently, their detrimental effects on renal cell loss were compounded. The antioxidant NAC attenuated apoptosis and senescence, and restored regenerative potential to the kidney. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress and cell senescence both cause mitochondrial destabilization and cell loss and contribute to the development of the cellular characteristics of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effect of VEGF and anti-VEGF compounds on retinal pigment epithelium permeability: an in vitro study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2013; 23:690-6. [PMID: 23539459 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 2 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms (121 and 165) and 2 anti-VEGF compounds (ranibizumab and pegaptanib sodium) on the permeability of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro.
METHODS The RPE permeability was assessed on ARPE19 cells grown onto inserts of polytetrafluoroethylene previously treated with ammonia gas plasma. Paracellular permeability to ions was measured by mean of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Permeability to non-ionic molecules was gathered by the amount of fluorescein dextran (FD) passing across the monolayer within 2 hours.
RESULTS Only VEGF165 applied at the apical side of the monolayer induced a statistically significant decrease of TEER (p<0.001). No changes in TEER were observed when pegaptanib sodium or ranibizumab were apically administered together with VEGF165.
Both VEGF isoforms significantly increased permeability to 4 kDa dextran (p<0.01). Apical administration of ranibizumab or pegaptanib sodium as well as coadministration of pegaptanib sodium with VEGF121 or VEGF165 induced a statistically significant increase of permeability to 4 kDa FD.
CONCLUSION Both VEGF isoforms and anti-VEGF compounds exert an effect on human RPE permeability in vitro.
Collapse
|
36
|
Brantley MA, Sternberg P. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Injury. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Chen YH, Chou HC, Lin ST, Chen YW, Lo YW, Chan HL. Effect of high glucose on secreted proteome in cultured retinal pigmented epithelium cells: Its possible relevance to clinical diabetic retinopathy. J Proteomics 2012; 77:111-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
38
|
Kernt M, Hirneiss C, Wolf A, Liegl R, Rueping J, Neubauer A, Alge C, Ulbig M, Gandorfer A, Kampik A, Haritoglou C. Indocyanine green increases light-induced oxidative stress, senescence, and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3 in human RPE cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:571-9. [PMID: 20670344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indocyanine green (ICG) is a commonly used vital dye for macular surgery. Recent reports implicate that its use might be associated with less favourable results regarding postoperative visual outcome and damage of retinal cells, and atrophic degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been described. This study investigates the effects of ICG on light-induced senescence of RPE cells. METHODS Primary human RPE cells were either pre-incubated with ICG in concentrations of 0.005% and 0.05% or not and then exposed to white light. After 10 min of irradiation viability, induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA β-Gal) were determined. Expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1 and 3 and their mRNA were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Light exposure decreased RPE cell viability by 46%. Treatment with 0.005% and 0.05% ICG alone decreased RPE cell viability by 7% and 21%. In addition, expression of ROS, SA β-Gal, and MMP-1 and 3 was significantly increased. When 0.005% and 0.05% ICG treatments were combined with light exposure, viability decreased by 69% and 82% compared to the untreated control. Effects on the expression of ROS, SA β-Gal, and MMP-1 and 3 were, depending on the ICG dose, significantly increased when cells were pre-incubated with ICG and then illuminated. CONCLUSION In this study, pretreatment with ICG significantly increased light-induced oxidative stress and senescence. This might indicate a potential, supplementary mechanism that could explain RPE alterations and reduced functional results after ICG-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kernt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dinet V, Bruban J, Chalour N, Maoui A, An N, Jonet L, Buret A, Behar-Cohen F, Klein C, Tréton J, Mascarelli F. Distinct effects of inflammation on gliosis, osmohomeostasis, and vascular integrity during amyloid beta-induced retinal degeneration. Aging Cell 2012; 11:683-93. [PMID: 22577879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal retinas, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulates in the subretinal space, at the interface of the retinal pigment epithelium, and the photoreceptor outer segments. However, the molecular and cellular effects of subretinal Aβ remain inadequately elucidated. We previously showed that subretinal injection of Aβ(1-42) induces retinal inflammation, followed by photoreceptor cell death. The retinal Müller glial (RMG) cells, which are the principal retinal glial cells, are metabolically coupled to photoreceptors. Their role in the maintenance of retinal water/potassium and glutamate homeostasis makes them important players in photoreceptor survival. This study investigated the effects of subretinal Aβ(1-42) on RMG cells and of Aβ(1-42)-induced inflammation on retinal homeostasis. RMG cell gliosis (upregulation of GFAP, vimentin, and nestin) on day 1 postinjection and a proinflammatory phenotype were the first signs of retinal alteration induced by Aβ(1-42). On day 3, we detected modifications in the protein expression patterns of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), glutamine synthetase (GS), Kir4.1 [the inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel], and aquaporin (AQP)-4 water channels in RMG cells and of the photoreceptor-associated AQP-1. The integrity of the blood-retina barrier was compromised and retinal edema developed. Aβ(1-42) induced endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with sustained upregulation of the proapoptotic factors of the unfolded protein response and persistent photoreceptor apoptosis. Indomethacin treatment decreased inflammation and reversed the Aβ(1-42)-induced gliosis and modifications in the expression patterns of COX-2, Kir4.1, and AQP-1, but not of AQP-4 or GS. Nor did it improve edema. Our study pinpoints the adaptive response to Aβ of specific RMG cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Kernt M, Walch A, Neubauer AS, Hirneiss C, Haritoglou C, Ulbig MW, Kampik A. Filtering blue light reduces light-induced oxidative stress, senescence and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in human retinal pigment epithelium cells. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 40:e87-97. [PMID: 21668780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative light exposure is significantly associated with ageing and the progression of age-related macular degeneration. To prevent the retina from blue-light damage in pseudophakia, blue light-absorbing intraocular lenses have been developed. This study compares the possible protective effects of a blue light-absorbing intraocular lens to an untinted ultraviolet-absorbing intraocular lens with regard to light-induced oxidative stress and senescence of human retinal pigment epithelium. METHODS As primary human retinal pigment epithelium cells were exposed to white light, either an ultraviolet- and blue light-absorbing intraocular lens or ultraviolet-absorbing intraocular lens was placed in the light beam. After 60 min of irradiation, cells were investigated by electron microscopy for viability, induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3 and their mRNA were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Light exposure induced structural damage, decreased retinal pigment epithelium cell viability, and increased reactive oxygen species, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3 expression and secretion. Although both types of intraocular lens significantly reduced these effects, the protective effects of the ultraviolet- and blue light-absorbing intraocular lens were significantly stronger than those of the ultraviolet-absorbing intraocular lens. CONCLUSIONS The ultraviolet- and blue light-absorbing intraocular lens demonstrated significantly better protection against light-induced oxidative stress, senescence and structural damage than the ultraviolet-absorbing intraocular lens. These in vitro findings support the hypothesis that the ultraviolet- and blue light-absorbing intraocular lens may prevent retinal damage in clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kernt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chloroquine treatment of ARPE-19 cells leads to lysosome dilation and intracellular lipid accumulation: possible implications of lysosomal dysfunction in macular degeneration. Cell Biosci 2011; 1:10. [PMID: 21711726 PMCID: PMC3125200 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in elderly people over 60. The pathogenesis is still unclear. It has been suggested that lysosomal stress may lead to drusen formation, a biomarker of AMD. In this study, ARPE-19 cells were treated with chloroquine to inhibit lysosomal function. Results Chloroquine-treated ARPE-19 cells demonstrate a marked increase in vacuolation and dense intracellular debris. These are identified as chloroquine-dilated lysosomes and lipid bodies with LAMP-2 and LipidTOX co-localization, respectively. Dilation is an indicator of lysosomal dysfunction. Chloroquine disrupts uptake of exogenously applied rhodamine-labeled dextran by these cells. This suggests a disruption in the phagocytic pathway. The increase in LAMP protein levels, as assessed by Western blots, suggests the possible involvement in autophagy. Oxidative stress with H2O2 does not induce vacuolation or lipid accumulation. Conclusion These findings suggest a possible role for lysosomes in AMD. Chloroquine treatment of RPE cells may provide insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying AMD.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dinet V, An N, Ciccotosto GD, Bruban J, Maoui A, Bellingham SA, Hill AF, Andersen OM, Nykjaer A, Jonet L, Cappai R, Mascarelli F. APP involvement in retinogenesis of mice. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 121:351-63. [PMID: 20978902 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Very few studies have examined expression and function of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the retina. We showed that APP mRNA and protein are expressed according to the different waves of retinal differentiation. Depletion of App led to an absence of amacrine cells, a 50% increase in the number of horizontal cells and alteration of the synapses. The retinas of adult APP(-/-) mice showed only half as many glycinergic amacrine cells as wild-type retinas. We identified Ptf1a, which plays a role in controlling both amacrine and horizontal cell fates, as a downstream effector of APP. The observation of a similar phenotype in sorLA knockout mice, a major regulator of APP processing, suggests that regulation of APP functions via sorLA controls the determination of amacrine and horizontal cell fate. These findings provide novel insights that indicate that APP plays an important role in retinal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, INSERM, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bruban J, Maoui A, Chalour N, An N, Jonet L, Feumi C, Tréton J, Sennlaub F, Behar-Cohen F, Mascarelli F, Dinet V. CCR2/CCL2-mediated inflammation protects photoreceptor cells from amyloid-β-induced apoptosis. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 42:55-72. [PMID: 21220018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is characterized by the formation of drusen containing amyloid-β (Aβ) and the degeneration of photoreceptors. To explore the largely unknown role of Aβ in the retina, we investigated the effects on photoreceptors of the oligomeric form of Aβ(1-42). Subretinal injection of the Aβ peptide induced misplaced expression of recoverin and synaptophysin in the photoreceptors, oxidative stress in their inner and outer segments, and finally apoptosis. Aβ did not induce cell death in purified photoreceptor cell cultures, but did so in retinal cell cultures, thereby suggesting that the cellular environment plays a role in Aβ-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. Subretinal injection of Aβ was followed by activation and migration of microglial cells and then by photoreceptor apoptosis. Microglial cells phagocytosed rhodopsin-containing debris and Aβ in the subretinal space. Quantitative RT-PCR allowed us to identify a specific gene expression profile associated with the Aβ-induced progression of retinal degeneration and consistent with oxidative stress, inflammation, and an apoptotic program. The gene most highly upregulated in Aβ-injected retinas was that for the chemokine CCL2, and its absence or that of its cognate receptor CCR2 greatly reduced migration of activated microglial cells to the site of retinal injury and profoundly worsened photoreceptor degeneration and disorganization of the retinal pigment epithelium in Aβ-injected retinas. Our study pinpoints the roles of Aβ and of CCL2/CCR2 axis-dependent inflammation in photoreceptor apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bruban
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMRS 872, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. It is a multifactorial disease, and current therapy predominantly limits damage only when it has already occurred. The macula is a source of high metabolic activity, and is therefore exposed to correspondingly high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). With age, the balance between production of ROS and local antioxidant levels is shifted, and damage ensues. Systemic ROS and antioxidant levels in AMD reflect these local processes. Genetic studies investigating mutations in antioxidant genes in AMD are inconclusive and further studies are indicated, especially to determine the role of mitochondria. Oral antioxidant supplements could be beneficial, and diet modification may help. Future treatments might either increase antioxidant capacity or reduce the production of ROS, using methods such as genetic manipulation. This article reviews the role of oxidative stress in AMD and the potential therapies that might have a role in preventing the blindness resulting from this disease.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Y, Wang J, Cai J, Sternberg P. Altered mTOR signaling in senescent retinal pigment epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:5314-9. [PMID: 20445122 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated pathways play central roles in regulating aging. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the mTOR cascade in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and to investigate its potential roles in controlling RPE senescence. METHODS Expression of major components of the mTOR signaling networks was evaluated by Western blot analyses. Formations of the two signaling complexes of mTOR, mTORC1, and mTORC2 were determined by coimmunoprecipitation. The activation of mTORC1 was monitored by measuring the phosphorylation status of the downstream substrate protein S6. Senescence of the cultured human RPE cells was assessed by measuring both the senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity and the expression level of p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. RESULTS Human RPE cells contained functional mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling complexes. The assembly and activity of mTORC1 were regulated by upstream nutrient and growth factor signals. The sensitivity of mTORC1 to extracellular nutrient stimuli increased in RPE cells that had developed in vitro senescence. Suppression of the mTORC1 by rapamycin prevented the appearance of senescence markers in the RPE. CONCLUSIONS The mTOR pathway presented age-associated changes in human RPE cells, and downregulation of mTORC1 could delay the aging process of the RPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
El Sanharawi M, Kowalczuk L, Touchard E, Omri S, de Kozak Y, Behar-Cohen F. Protein delivery for retinal diseases: from basic considerations to clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29:443-65. [PMID: 20398784 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Because the eye is protected by ocular barriers but is also easily accessible, direct intravitreous injections of therapeutic proteins allow for specific and targeted treatment of retinal diseases. Low doses of proteins are required in this confined environment and a long time of residency in the vitreous is expected, making the eye the ideal organ for local proteic therapies. Monthly intravitreous injection of Ranibizumab, an anti-VEGF Fab has become the standard of care for patients presenting wet AMD. It has brought the proof of concept that administering proteins into the physiologically low proteic concentration vitreous can be performed safely. Other antibodies, Fab, peptides and growth factors have been shown to exert beneficial effects on animal models when administered within the therapeutic and safe window. To extend the use of such biomolecules in the ophthalmology practice, optimization of treatment regimens and efficacy is required. Basic knowledge remains to be increased on how different proteins/peptides penetrate into the eye and the ocular tissues, distribute in the vitreous, penetrate into the retinal layers and/or cells, are eliminated from the eye or metabolized. This should serve as a basis for designing novel drug delivery systems. The later should be non-or minimally invasive and should allow for a controlled, scalable and sustained release of the therapeutic proteins in the ocular media. This paper reviews the actual knowledge regarding protein delivery for eye diseases and describes novel non-viral gene therapy technologies particularly adapted for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M El Sanharawi
- Inserm, UMRS 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Debacq-Chainiaux F, Boilan E, Dedessus Le Moutier J, Weemaels G, Toussaint O. p38(MAPK) in the senescence of human and murine fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 694:126-37. [PMID: 20886761 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7002-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic and environmental stresses, such as reactive oxygen species, UV radiation etc, can induce premature cellular senescence without critical telomere shortening. The role of the Ras/Raf/ERK signal transduction cascade in this process has been previously established, but recent evidence also indicates a critical role of the p38 MAP kinases pathway. Oncogenic and environmental stresses impinge upon the p38(MAPK) pathway, suggesting a major role of this pathway in senescence induced by stresses. Prematurely senescent cells are most likely to appear in several age-relatedpathologies associated with a stressful environment and/or the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- University of Namur, Research Unit on Cellular Biology, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 is highly expressed in the retina and protects retinal pigmented epithelium cells from oxidative damage. Exp Eye Res 2009; 90:420-8. [PMID: 20026324 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 (MSRB2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts methionine sulfoxide (R) enantiomer back to methionine. This enzyme is suspected of functioning to protect mitochondrial proteins from oxidative damage. In this study we report that the retina is one of the human tissues with highest levels of MSRB2 mRNA expression. Other tissues with high expression were heart, kidney and skeletal muscle. Overexpression of an MSRB2-GFP fusion protein increased the MSR enzymatic activity three-fold in stably transfected cultured RPE cells. This overexpression augmented the resistance of these cells to the toxicity induced by 7-ketocholesterol, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and all-trans retinoic acid. By contrast, knockdown of MSRB2 by a miRNA in stably transfected cells did not convey increased sensitivity to the oxidative stress. In the monkey retina MSRB2 localized to the ganglion cell layer (GLC), the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). MSRB2 expression is most pronounced in the OPL of the macula and foveal regions suggesting an association with the cone synaptic mitochondria. Our data suggests that MSRB2 plays an important function in protecting cones from multiple type of oxidative stress and may be critical in preserving central vision.
Collapse
|
50
|
Bruban J, Glotin AL, Dinet V, Chalour N, Sennlaub F, Jonet L, An N, Faussat AM, Mascarelli F. Amyloid-beta(1-42) alters structure and function of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Aging Cell 2009; 8:162-77. [PMID: 19239420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by the formation of drusen, extracellular deposits associated with atrophy of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), disturbance of the transepithelial barrier and photoreceptor death. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) is present in drusen but its role during AMD remains unknown. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the oligomeric form of Abeta(1-42) - OAbeta(1-42) - on RPE and found that it reduced mitochondrial redox potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, but did not induce apoptosis in RPE cell cultures. It also disorganized the actin cytoskeleton and halved occludin expression, markedly decreasing attachment capacity and abolishing the selectivity of RPE cell transepithelial permeability. Antioxidant pretreatment partially reversed the effects of OAbeta(1-42) on mitochondrial redox potential and transepithelial permeability. Subretinally injected OAbeta(1-42) induced pigmentation loss and RPE hypertrophy but not RPE cell apoptosis in C57BL/6 J mice. Rapid OAbeta(1-42)-induced disorganization of cytoskeletal actin filaments was accompanied by decreased RPE expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 and of the visual cycle proteins cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein and RPE65. The number of photoreceptors decreased by half within a few days. Our study pinpoints the role of Abeta in RPE alterations and dysfunctions leading to retinal degeneration and suggests that targeting Abeta may help develop selective methods for treating diseases involving retinal degeneration, such as AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bruban
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, UMR S 872, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|