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Poggetti V, Salerno S, Baglini E, Barresi E, Da Settimo F, Taliani S. Carbonic Anhydrase Activators for Neurodegeneration: An Overview. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082544. [PMID: 35458743 PMCID: PMC9031706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of ubiquitous metal enzymes catalyzing the reversible conversion of CO2 and H2O to HCO3− with the release of a proton. They play an important role in pH regulation and in the balance of body fluids and are involved in several functions such as homeostasis regulation and cellular respiration. For these reasons, they have been studied as targets for the development of agents for treating several pathologies. CA inhibitors have been used in therapy for a long time, especially as diuretics and for the treatment of glaucoma, and are being investigated for application in other pathologies including obesity, cancer, and epilepsy. On the contrary, CAs activators are still poorly studied. They are proposed to act as additional (other than histidine) proton shuttles in the rate-limiting step of the CA catalytic cycle, which is the generation of the active hydroxylated enzyme. Recent studies highlight the involvement of CAs activation in brain processes essential for the transmission of neuronal signals, suggesting CAs activation might represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions characterized by memory impairment and cognitive problems. Actually, some compounds able to activate CAs have been identified and proposed to potentially resolve problems related to neurodegeneration. This review reports on the primary literature regarding the potential of CA activators for treating neurodegeneration-related diseases.
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Manzoor S, Khan A, Hasan B, Mushtaq S, Ahmed N. Expression Analysis of 4-Hydroxynonenal Modified Proteins in Schizophrenia Brain; Relevance to Involvement in Redox Dysregulation. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210121151004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Oxidative damage contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Redox imbalance may
lead to increased lipid peroxidation, which produces toxic aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) ultimately leading to
oxidative stress. Conversely, implications of oxidative stress points towards an alteration in HNE-protein adducts and
activities of enzymatic and antioxidant systems in schizophrenia.
Objectives:
Present study focuses on identification of HNE-protein adducts and its related molecular consequences in
schizophrenia pathology due to oxidative stress, particularly lipid peroxidation.
Material and Methods:
Oxyblotting was performed on seven autopsied brain samples each from cortex and hippocampus
region of schizophrenia patients and their respective normal healthy controls. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid substances
(TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activities associated with oxidative stress, were also
estimated.
Results:
Obtained results indicates substantially higher levels of oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients than healthy
control group represented by elevated expression of HNE-protein adducts. Interestingly, hippocampus region of
schizophrenia brain shows increased HNE protein adducts compared to cortex. An increase in catalase activity (4.8876 ±
1.7123) whereas decrease in antioxidant GSH levels (0.213 ± 0.015µmol/ml) have been observed in SZ brain. Elevated
TBARS level (0.3801 ± 0.0532ug/ml) were obtained in brain regions SZ patients compared with their controls that reflects
an increased lipid peroxidation (LPO).
Conclusion:
Conclusion: We propose the role of HNE modified proteins possibly associated with the pathology of
schizophrenia. Our data revealed increase lipid peroxidation as a consequence of increased TBARS production.
Furthermore, altered cellular antioxidants pathways related to GSH and CAT also highlight the involvement of oxidative
stress in schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Manzoor
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Beena Hasan
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nikhat Ahmed
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Redox proteomics and amyloid β-peptide: insights into Alzheimer disease. J Neurochem 2019; 151:459-487. [PMID: 30216447 PMCID: PMC6417976 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging and characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurite and synapse loss. Amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) [Aβ(1-42)], a major component of senile plaques, is neurotoxic and induces oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Redox proteomics has been used to identify proteins oxidatively modified by Aβ(1-42) in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss these proteins in the context of those identified to be oxidatively modified in animal models of AD, and human studies including familial AD, pre-clinical AD (PCAD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD, late AD, Down syndrome (DS), and DS with AD (DS/AD). These redox proteomics studies indicate that Aβ(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress occurs early in AD pathogenesis and results in altered antioxidant and cellular detoxification defenses, decreased energy yielding metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, loss of synaptic plasticity and cell structure, neuroinflammation, impaired protein folding and degradation, and altered signal transduction. Improved access to biomarker imaging and the identification of lifestyle interventions or treatments to reduce Aβ production could be beneficial in preventing or delaying the progression of AD. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601
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Rodríguez-Bolaños M, Perez-Montfort R. Medical and Veterinary Importance of the Moonlighting Functions of Triosephosphate Isomerase. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:304-315. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666181026170751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase is the fifth enzyme in glycolysis and its canonical function is the
reversible isomerization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Within the
last decade multiple other functions, that may not necessarily always involve catalysis, have been described.
These include variations in the degree of its expression in many types of cancer and participation
in the regulation of the cell cycle. Triosephosphate isomerase may function as an auto-antigen and
in the evasion of the immune response, as a factor of virulence of some organisms, and also as an important
allergen, mainly in a variety of seafoods. It is an important factor to consider in the cryopreservation
of semen and seems to play a major role in some aspects of the development of Alzheimer's disease. It
also seems to be responsible for neurodegenerative alterations in a few cases of human triosephosphate
isomerase deficiency. Thus, triosephosphate isomerase is an excellent example of a moonlighting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodríguez-Bolaños
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Estructural, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Ruy Perez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Estructural, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Oxidative Stress, Amyloid-β Peptide, and Altered Key Molecular Pathways in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:1345-1367. [PMID: 29562527 PMCID: PMC5870019 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). One source of oxidative stress in AD and aMCI brains is that associated with amyloid-β peptide, Aβ1-42 oligomers. Our laboratory first showed in AD elevated oxidative stress occurred in brain regions rich in Aβ1-42, but not in Aβ1-42-poor regions, and was among the first to demonstrate Aβ peptides led to lipid peroxidation (indexed by HNE) in AD and aMCI brains. Oxidatively modified proteins have decreased function and contribute to damaged key biochemical and metabolic pathways in which these proteins normally play a role. Identification of oxidatively modified brain proteins by the methods of redox proteomics was pioneered in the Butterfield laboratory. Four recurring altered pathways secondary to oxidative damage in brain from persons with AD, aMCI, or Down syndrome with AD are interrelated and contribute to neuronal death. This "Quadrilateral of Neuronal Death" includes altered: glucose metabolism, mTOR activation, proteostasis network, and protein phosphorylation. Some of these pathways are altered even in brains of persons with preclinical AD. We opine that targeting these pathways pharmacologically and with lifestyle changes potentially may provide strategies to slow or perhaps one day, prevent, progression or development of this devastating dementing disorder. This invited review outlines both in vitro and in vivo studies from the Butterfield laboratory related to Aβ1-42 and AD and discusses the importance and implications of some of the major achievements of the Butterfield laboratory in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH, USA
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Perić-Mataruga V, Petković B, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Dronjak Čučaković S, Todorović D, Vlahović M. Cadmium and high temperature effects on brain and behaviour of Lymantria dispar L. caterpillars originating from polluted and less-polluted forests. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:628-636. [PMID: 28728120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insects brain as a part of nervous system is the first-line of fast stress response that integrate stress signals to regulate all aspects of insect physiology and behaviour. The cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation factor (BF), activity of the neurotoxicity biomarker acetylcholinesterase (AChE), dopamine content, expression and amount of Hsp70 in the brain and locomotor activity were evaluated in the 4th instar of Lymantria dispar L. caterpillars fed a Cd supplemented diet and reared in an optimal temperature regime (23 °C) and/or exposed to high temperature (28 °C). The insects originated from two forests, one close to "Nikola Tesla" thermoelectric power plant, Obrenovac (polluted population), and the other Kosmaj mountain (less-polluted population, far from any industrial region). The Cd BF was higher in the less-polluted than in the polluted population especially at the high ambient temperature. AChE activity and dopamine content were changed in the brains of L. dispar from both populations in the same manner. Hsp70 concentration in caterpillar brains showed opposite trends, a decrease in the less-polluted and an increase in the polluted population. Locomotor activity was modified in both Lymantria dispar populations, but the pattern of changes depended on the stressors and their combined effect. ACh activity and dopamine content are sensitive parameters to Cd exposure, regardless of pollutant experience, and might be promising biomarkers in monitoring forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branka Petković
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Dronjak Čučaković
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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Xiao M, Zhong H, Xia L, Tao Y, Yin H. Pathophysiology of mitochondrial lipid oxidation: Role of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and other bioactive lipids in mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:316-327. [PMID: 28456642 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial lipids are essential for maintaining the integrity of mitochondrial membranes and the proper functions of mitochondria. As the "powerhouse" of a cell, mitochondria are also the major cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress occurs when the antioxidant system is overwhelmed by overproduction of ROS. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial membranes are primary targets for ROS attack, which may lead to lipid peroxidation (LPO) and generation of reactive lipids, such as 4-hydroxynonenal. When mitochondrial lipids are oxidized, the integrity and function of mitochondria may be compromised and this may eventually lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been associated with many human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. How mitochondrial lipids are oxidized and the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences associated with mitochondrial LPO remain poorly defined. Oxidation of the mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin and generation of bioactive lipids through mitochondrial LPO has been increasingly recognized as an important event orchestrating apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming of energy production, mitophagy, and immune responses. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of how mitochondrial LPO and generation of bioactive lipid mediators in mitochondria are involved in the modulation of mitochondrial functions in the context of relevant human diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqin Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
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8
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Mostek A, Dietrich MA, Słowińska M, Ciereszko A. Cryopreservation of bull semen is associated with carbonylation of sperm proteins. Theriogenology 2017; 92:95-102. [PMID: 28237350 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen enables affordable, large-scale dissemination of gametes with superior genetics. However, cryopreservation can cause functional and structural damage to spermatozoa that is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairment of sperm motility and decreased fertilizing potential, but little attention has been paid to protein changes. The goal of this study was to investigate the oxidative modifications (measured as carbonylation level changes) of bull spermatozoa proteins triggered by the cryopreservation process. Flow cytometry and computer-assisted sperm analysis were used to evaluate changes in viability, ROS level and motility of spermatozoa. Western blotting, in conjunction with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-oxyblot) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight spectrometry, was employed to identify and quantify the specifically carbonylated spermatozoa proteins. Cryopreservation decreased motility and viability but increased the number of ROS-positive cells. We identified 11 proteins (ropporin-1, outer dense fiber protein 2, glutathione S-transferase, triosephosphate isomerase, capping protein beta 3 isoform, actin-related protein M1, actin-related protein T2, NADH dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, cilia- and flagella-associated protein 161, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4) showing differences in protein carbonylation in response to cryopreservation. The identified proteins are associated with cytoskeleton and flagella organization, detoxification and energy metabolism. Moreover, almost all of the identified carbonylated proteins are involved in capacitation. Our results indicate for the first time that cryopreservation induces oxidation of selected sperm proteins via carbonylation. We suggest that carbonylation of sperm proteins could be a direct result of oxidative stress and potentially lead to disturbances of capacitation-involved proteins or could indicate cryopreservation-induced premature capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mostek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariola Aleksandra Dietrich
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariola Słowińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Zhou L, Wen J, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Zhang H, Li Q. Redox proteomics screening cellular factors associated with oxidative stress in hepatocarcinogenesis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 11. [PMID: 27763721 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a major global health problem being the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related death, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) representing more than 90% of primary liver cancers. Mounting evidence suggests that, compared with their normal counterparts, many types of cancer cell have increased levels of ROS. Therefore, cancer cells need to combat high levels of ROS, especially at early stages of tumor development. Recent studies have revealed that ROS-mediated regulation of redox-sensitive proteins (redox sensors) is involved in the pathogenesis and/or progression of many human diseases, including cancer. Unraveling the altered functions of redox sensors and the underlying mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis is critical for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. For this reason, redox proteomics has been developed for the high-throughput screening of redox sensors, which will benefit the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC. In this review, we will briefly introduce several novel redox proteomics techniques that are currently available to study various oxidative modifications in hepatocarcinogenesis and summarize the most important discoveries in the study of redox processes related to the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ji Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Visiting professor, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P. R. China
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Butterfield DA. The 2013 SFRBM discovery award: selected discoveries from the butterfield laboratory of oxidative stress and its sequela in brain in cognitive disorders exemplified by Alzheimer disease and chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:157-74. [PMID: 24996204 PMCID: PMC4146642 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective review on discoveries of the roles of oxidative stress in brain of subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD) and animal models thereof as well as brain from animal models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) results from the author receiving the 2013 Discovery Award from the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine. The paper reviews our laboratory's discovery of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in AD brain regions rich in amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) but not in Aβ-poor cerebellum; redox proteomics as a means to identify oxidatively modified brain proteins in AD and its earlier forms that are consistent with the pathology, biochemistry, and clinical presentation of these disorders; how Aβ in in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies can lead to oxidative modification of key proteins that also are oxidatively modified in AD brain; the role of the single methionine residue of Aβ(1-42) in these processes; and some of the potential mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. CICI affects a significant fraction of the 14 million American cancer survivors, and due to diminished cognitive function, reduced quality of life of the persons with CICI (called "chemobrain" by patients) often results. A proposed mechanism for CICI employed the prototypical ROS-generating and non-blood brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox, also called adriamycin, ADR). Because of the quinone moiety within the structure of Dox, this agent undergoes redox cycling to produce superoxide free radical peripherally. This, in turn, leads to oxidative modification of the key plasma protein, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). Oxidized ApoA1 leads to elevated peripheral TNFα, a proinflammatory cytokine that crosses the BBB to induce oxidative stress in brain parenchyma that affects negatively brain mitochondria. This subsequently leads to apoptotic cell death resulting in CICI. This review outlines aspects of CICI consistent with the clinical presentation, biochemistry, and pathology of this disorder. To the author's knowledge this is the only plausible and self-consistent mechanism to explain CICI. These two different disorders of the CNS affect millions of persons worldwide. Both AD and CICI share free radical-mediated oxidative stress in brain, but the source of oxidative stress is not the same. Continued research is necessary to better understand both AD and CICI. The discoveries about these disorders from the Butterfield Laboratory that led to the 2013 Discovery Award from the Society of Free Radical and Medicine provide a significant foundation from which this future research can be launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Free Radical Biology in Cancer, Shared Resource Facility of the Markey Cancer Center, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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11
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Multimarker screening of oxidative stress in aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:562860. [PMID: 25147595 PMCID: PMC4124763 DOI: 10.1155/2014/562860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process of organism decline in physiological functions. There is no clear theory explaining this phenomenon, but the most accepted one is the oxidative stress theory of aging. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, substances, which are formed during oxidative damage of phospholipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are present in body fluids of diseased people as well as the healthy ones (in a physiological concentration). 8-iso prostaglandin F2α is the most prominent biomarker of phospholipid oxidative damage, o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine are biomarkers of protein oxidative damage, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanosine are biomarkers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids. It is thought that the concentration of biomarkers increases as the age of people increases. However, the concentration of biomarkers in body fluids is very low and, therefore, it is necessary to use a sensitive analytical method. A combination of HPLC and MS was chosen to determine biomarker concentration in three groups of healthy people of a different age (twenty, forty, and sixty years) in order to find a difference among the groups.
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Tezel G. A decade of proteomics studies of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:154-67. [PMID: 24415558 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness; however, limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in optic nerve degeneration hinders the development of improved treatment strategies. Proteomics techniques that combine the protein chemistry, MS, and bioinformatics offer the opportunity to shed light on molecular mechanisms so that new treatment strategies can be developed for immunomodulation, neuroprotection, neurorescue, neuroregeneration, and function gain in glaucoma. The proteomics technologies also hold great promise for biomarker discovery, another important goal of glaucoma research. As much as developing new treatment strategies, molecular biomarkers are strongly needed for early diagnosis of glaucoma, prediction of its prognosis, and monitoring the responses to new treatments. It is now a decade that the proteomics analysis techniques have been using to move glaucoma research forward. This review will focus on valuable applications of proteomics in the field of glaucoma research and highlight the power of this analytical toolbox in translational and clinical research toward better characterization and improved treatment of glaucomatous neurodegeneration and discovery of glaucoma-related molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Tezel
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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13
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Butterfield DA, Dalle-Donne I. Redox proteomics: from protein modifications to cellular dysfunction and disease. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:1-6. [PMID: 24285334 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506
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Ramadasan-Nair R, Gayathri N, Mishra S, Sunitha B, Mythri RB, Nalini A, Subbannayya Y, Harsha HC, Kolthur-Seetharam U, Srinivas Bharath MM. Mitochondrial alterations and oxidative stress in an acute transient mouse model of muscle degeneration: implications for muscular dystrophy and related muscle pathologies. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:485-509. [PMID: 24220031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.493270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) and inflammatory myopathies (IMs) are debilitating skeletal muscle disorders characterized by common pathological events including myodegeneration and inflammation. However, an experimental model representing both muscle pathologies and displaying most of the distinctive markers has not been characterized. We investigated the cardiotoxin (CTX)-mediated transient acute mouse model of muscle degeneration and compared the cardinal features with human MDs and IMs. The CTX model displayed degeneration, apoptosis, inflammation, loss of sarcolemmal complexes, sarcolemmal disruption, and ultrastructural changes characteristic of human MDs and IMs. Cell death caused by CTX involved calcium influx and mitochondrial damage both in murine C2C12 muscle cells and in mice. Mitochondrial proteomic analysis at the initial phase of degeneration in the model detected lowered expression of 80 mitochondrial proteins including subunits of respiratory complexes, ATP machinery, fatty acid metabolism, and Krebs cycle, which further decreased in expression during the peak degenerative phase. The mass spectrometry (MS) data were supported by enzyme assays, Western blot, and histochemistry. The CTX model also displayed markers of oxidative stress and a lowered glutathione reduced/oxidized ratio (GSH/GSSG) similar to MDs, human myopathies, and neurogenic atrophies. MS analysis identified 6 unique oxidized proteins from Duchenne muscular dystrophy samples (n = 6) (versus controls; n = 6), including two mitochondrial proteins. Interestingly, these mitochondrial proteins were down-regulated in the CTX model thereby linking oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We conclude that mitochondrial alterations and oxidative damage significantly contribute to CTX-mediated muscle pathology with implications for human muscle diseases.
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Petrillo S, Piemonte F, Pastore A, Tozzi G, Aiello C, Pujol A, Cappa M, Bertini E. Glutathione imbalance in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:366-70. [PMID: 23768953 PMCID: PMC3732387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetic disorder of X-linked inheritance caused by a mutation in the ABCD1 gene which determines an accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in plasma and tissues. Recent evidence shows that oxidative stress may be a hallmark in the pathogenesis of X-ALD and glutathione plays an important role in the defense against free radicals. In this study we have analyzed glutathione homeostasis in lymphocytes of 14 patients with X-ALD and evaluated the balance between oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione, in order to define the role of this crucial redox marker in this condition. METHODS Lymphocytes, plasma and erythrocytes were obtained from the whole blood of 14 subjects with X-ALD and in 30 healthy subjects. Total, reduced and protein-bound glutathione levels were measured in lymphocytes by HPLC analysis. Erythrocyte free glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma thiols and carbonyl content were determined by spectrophotometric assays. RESULTS A significant decrease of total and reduced glutathione was found in lymphocytes of patients, associated to high levels of all oxidized glutathione forms. A decline of free glutathione was particularly significant in erythrocytes. The increased oxidative stress in X-ALD was additionally confirmed by the decrease of plasma thiols and the high level of carbonyls. CONCLUSION Our results strongly support a role for oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of X-ALD and strengthen the importance of the balance among glutathione forms as a hallmark and a potential biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pastore
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Proteomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Tozzi
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Aiello
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Cappa
- Unit of Endocrinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence to: M. Cappa, Unit of Endocrinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza S. Onofrio, 4-00165 Roma, Italy. Fax: + 39 06/6859 2024.
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence to: E. Bertini, Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza S. Onofrio, 4-00165 Roma, Italy. Fax: + 39 06/6859 2024.
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Cascella R, Conti S, Tatini F, Evangelisti E, Scartabelli T, Casamenti F, Wilson MR, Chiti F, Cecchi C. Extracellular chaperones prevent Aβ42-induced toxicity in rat brains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1217-26. [PMID: 23602994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive decline, formation of the extracellular amyloid β (Aβ42) plaques, neuronal and synapse loss, and activated microglia and astrocytes. Extracellular chaperones, which are known to inhibit amyloid fibril formation and promote clearance of misfolded aggregates, have recently been shown to reduce efficiently the toxicity of HypF-N misfolded oligomers to immortalised cell lines, by binding and clustering them into large species. However, the role of extracellular chaperones on Aβ oligomer toxicity remains unclear, with reports often appearing contradictory. In this study we microinjected into the hippocampus of rat brains Aβ42 oligomers pre-incubated for 1h with two extracellular chaperones, namely clusterin and α2-macroglobulin. The chaperones were found to prevent Aβ42-induced learning and memory impairments, as assessed by the Morris Water Maze test, and reduce Aβ42-induced glia inflammation and neuronal degeneration in rat brains, as probed by fluorescent immunohistochemical analyses. Moreover, the chaperones were able to prevent Aβ42 colocalisation with PSD-95 at post-synaptic terminals of rat primary neurons, suppressing oligomer cytotoxicity. All such effects were not effective by adding pre-formed oligomers and chaperones without preincubation. Molecular chaperones have therefore the potential to prevent the early symptoms of AD, not just by inhibiting Aβ42 aggregation, as previously demonstrated, but also by suppressing the toxicity of Aβ42 oligomers after they are formed. These findings elect them as novel neuroprotectors against amyloid-induced injury and excellent candidates for the design of therapeutic strategies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cascella
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, V.le GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Italy
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Tezel G. A proteomics view of the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 35:18-43. [PMID: 23396249 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite improving understanding of glaucoma, key molecular players of neurodegeneration that can be targeted for treatment of glaucoma, or molecular biomarkers that can be useful for clinical testing, remain unclear. Proteomics technology offers a powerful toolbox to accomplish these important goals of the glaucoma research and is increasingly being applied to identify molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of glaucoma. Recent studies of glaucoma using proteomics analysis techniques have resulted in the lists of differentially expressed proteins in human glaucoma and animal models. The global analysis of protein expression in glaucoma has been followed by cell-specific proteome analysis of retinal ganglion cells and astrocytes. The proteomics data have also guided targeted studies to identify post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions during glaucomatous neurodegeneration. In addition, recent applications of proteomics have provided a number of potential biomarker candidates. Proteomics technology holds great promise to move glaucoma research forward toward new treatment strategies and biomarker discovery. By reviewing the major proteomics approaches and their applications in the field of glaucoma, this article highlights the power of proteomics in translational and clinical research related to glaucoma and also provides a framework for future research to functionally test the importance of specific molecular pathways and validate candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Di Domenico F, Sultana R, Ferree A, Smith K, Barone E, Perluigi M, Coccia R, Pierce W, Cai J, Mancuso C, Squillace R, Wiengele M, Dalle-Donne I, Wolozin B, Butterfield DA. Redox proteomics analyses of the influence of co-expression of wild-type or mutated LRRK2 and Tau on C. elegans protein expression and oxidative modification: relevance to Parkinson disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1490-506. [PMID: 22315971 PMCID: PMC3448940 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The human LRRK2 gene has been identified as the most common causative gene of autosomal-dominantly inherited and idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). The G2019S substitution is the most common mutation in LRRK2. The R1441C mutation also occurs in cases of familial PD, but is not as prevalent. Some cases of LRRK2-based PD exhibit Tau pathology, which suggests that alterations on LRRK2 activity affect the pathophysiology of Tau. To investigate how LRRK2 might affect Tau and the pathophysiology of PD, we generated lines of C. elegans expressing human LRRK2 [wild-type (WT) or mutated (G2019S or R1441C)] with and without V337M Tau. Expression and redox proteomics were used to identify the effects of LRRK2 (WT and mutant) on protein expression and oxidative modifications. RESULTS Co-expression of WT LRRK2 and Tau led to increased expression of numerous proteins, including several 60S ribosomal proteins, mitochondrial proteins, and the V-type proton ATPase, which is associated with autophagy. C. elegans expressing mutant LRRK2 showed similar changes, but also showed increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, the latter indexed as increased protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). INNOVATION Our study brings new knowledge about the possible alterations induced by LRRK2 (WT and mutated) and Tau interactions, suggesting the involvement of G2019S and R1441C in Tau-dependent neurodegenerative processes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that changes in LRRK2 expression or activity lead to corresponding changes in mitochondrial function, autophagy, and protein translation. These findings are discussed with reference to the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Andrew Ferree
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katelyn Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Coccia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - William Pierce
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
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Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Reed T, Muharib T, Hughes CP, Robinson RAS, Sultana R. Redox proteomics in selected neurodegenerative disorders: from its infancy to future applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1610-55. [PMID: 22115501 PMCID: PMC3448942 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that oxidative damage is a characteristic feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins may disrupt cellular functions by affecting protein expression, protein turnover, cell signaling, and induction of apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting that protein oxidation could have both physiological and pathological significance. For nearly two decades, our laboratory focused particular attention on studying oxidative damage of proteins and how their chemical modifications induced by reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species correlate with pathology, biochemical alterations, and clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease. This comprehensive article outlines basic knowledge of oxidative modification of proteins and lipids, followed by the principles of redox proteomics analysis, which also involve recent advances of mass spectrometry technology, and its application to selected age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Redox proteomics results obtained in different diseases and animal models thereof may provide new insights into the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of oxidative-stress-related neurodegenerative disorders. Redox proteomics can be considered a multifaceted approach that has the potential to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of a disease, to find disease markers, as well as to identify potential targets for drug therapy. Considering the importance of a better understanding of the cause/effect of protein dysfunction in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, this article provides an overview of the intrinsic power of the redox proteomics approach together with the most significant results obtained by our laboratory and others during almost 10 years of research on neurodegenerative disorders since we initiated the field of redox proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Proteins are major targets of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and numerous post-translational, reversible or irreversible modifications have been characterized, which may lead to a change in the structure and/or function of the oxidized protein. Redox proteomics is an increasingly emerging branch of proteomics aimed at identifying and quantifying redox-based changes within the proteome both in redox signaling and under oxidative stress conditions. Correlation between protein oxidation and human disease is widely accepted, although elucidating cause and effect remains a challenge. Increasing biomedical data have provided compelling evidences for the involvement of perturbations in redox homeostasis in a large number of pathophysiological conditions and aging. Research toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of a disease together with identification of specific targets of oxidative damage is urgently required. This is the power and potential of redox proteomics. In the last few years, combined proteomics, mass spectrometry (MS), and affinity chemistry-based methodologies have contributed in a significant way to provide a better understanding of protein oxidative modifications occurring in various biological specimens under different physiological and pathological conditions. Hence, this Forum on Redox Proteomics is timely. Original and review articles are presented on various subjects ranging from redox proteomics studies of oxidatively modified brain proteins in Alzheimer disease and animal models of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, to potential new biomarker discovery paradigm for human disease, to chronic kidney disease, to protein nitration in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, electrophile-responsive proteomes of special relevance to diseases involving mitochondrial alterations, to cardiovascular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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21
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Bachi A, Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A. Redox Proteomics: Chemical Principles, Methodological Approaches and Biological/Biomedical Promises. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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22
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Overlapped Metabolic and Therapeutic Links between Alzheimer and Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:399-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hartl D, Schuldt V, Forler S, Zabel C, Klose J, Rohe M. Presymptomatic alterations in energy metabolism and oxidative stress in the APP23 mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3295-304. [PMID: 22568827 DOI: 10.1021/pr300021e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism is the earliest symptom observed in the brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. In a former study, we analyzed the cortical proteome of the APP23 mouse model of AD at presymptomatic age (1 month) using a 2-D electrophoresis-based approach. Interestingly, long before amyloidosis can be observed in APP23 mice, proteins associated with energy metabolism were predominantly altered in transgenic as compared to wild-type mice indicating presymptomatic changes in energy metabolism. In the study presented here, we analyzed whether the observed changes were associated with oxidative stress and confirmed our previous findings in primary cortical neurons, which exhibited altered ADP/ATP levels if transgenic APP was expressed. Reactive oxygen species produced during energy metabolism have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis as they modify proteins. We observed an overall up-regulation of protein oxidation status as shown by increased protein carbonylation in the cortex of presymptomatic APP23 mice. Interestingly, many carbonylated proteins, such as Vilip1 and Syntaxin were associated to synaptic plasticity. This demonstrates an important link between energy metabolism and synaptic function, which is altered in AD. In summary, we demonstrate that changes in cortical energy metabolism and increased protein oxidation precede the amyloidogenic phenotype in a mouse model for AD. These changes might contribute to synaptic failure observed in later disease stages, as synaptic transmission is particularly dependent on energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hartl
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-University Medicine , Berlin, Germany
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24
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Galea E, Launay N, Portero-Otin M, Ruiz M, Pamplona R, Aubourg P, Ferrer I, Pujol A. Oxidative stress underlying axonal degeneration in adrenoleukodystrophy: a paradigm for multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1475-88. [PMID: 22353463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder expressed as four disease variants characterized by adrenal insufficiency and graded damage in the nervous system. X-ALD is caused by a loss of function of the peroxisomal ABCD1 fatty-acid transporter, resulting in the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the organs and plasma, which have potentially toxic effects in CNS and adrenal glands. We have recently shown that treatment with a combination of antioxidants containing α-tocopherol, N-acetyl-cysteine and α-lipoic acid reversed oxidative damage and energetic failure, together with the axonal degeneration and locomotor impairment displayed by Abcd1 null mice, the animal model of X-ALD. This is the first direct demonstration that oxidative stress, which is a hallmark not only of X-ALD, but also of other neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), contributes to axonal damage. The purpose of this review is, first, to discuss the molecular and cellular underpinnings of VLCFA-induced oxidative stress, and how it interacts with energy metabolism and/or inflammation to generate a complex syndrome wherein multiple factors are contributing. Particular attention will be paid to the dysregulation of redox homeostasis by the interplay between peroxisomes and mitochondria. Second, we will extend this analysis to the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases with the aim of defining differences as well as the existence of a core pathogenic mechanism that would justify the exchange of therapeutic opportunities among these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galea
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Di Domenico F, Coccia R, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Circulating biomarkers of protein oxidation for Alzheimer disease: expectations within limits. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1785-95. [PMID: 22019699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common dementing disorder, is a multifactorial disease with complex etiology. Among different hypotheses proposed for AD one of the most corroborated is the "oxidative stress hypothesis". Although recent studies extensively demonstrated the specific oxidative modification of selected proteins in the brain of AD patients and how their dysfunction possibly correlates with the pathology, there is still an urgent need to extend these findings to peripheral tissue. So far very few studies showed oxidative damage of proteins in peripheral tissues and current findings need to be replicated. Another limit in AD research is represented by the lack of highly specific diagnostic tools for early diagnosis. For a full screening and early diagnosis, biomarkers easily detectable in biological samples, such as blood, are needed. The search of reliable biomarkers for AD in peripheral blood is a great challenge. A few studies described a set of plasma markers that differentiated AD from controls and were shown to be useful in predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment, which is considered a prodromal stage, to AD. We review the current state of knowledge on peripheral oxidative biomarkers for AD, including proteomics, which might be useful for early diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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26
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Shineman DW, Basi GS, Bizon JL, Colton CA, Greenberg BD, Hollister BA, Lincecum J, Leblanc GG, Lee L(BH, Luo F, Morgan D, Morse I, Refolo LM, Riddell DR, Scearce-Levie K, Sweeney P, Yrjänheikki J, Fillit HM. Accelerating drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease: best practices for preclinical animal studies. Alzheimers Res Ther 2011; 3:28. [PMID: 21943025 PMCID: PMC3218805 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have contributed significantly to our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a result, over 300 interventions have been investigated and reported to mitigate pathological phenotypes or improve behavior in AD animal models or both. To date, however, very few of these findings have resulted in target validation in humans or successful translation to disease-modifying therapies. Challenges in translating preclinical studies to clinical trials include the inability of animal models to recapitulate the human disease, variations in breeding and colony maintenance, lack of standards in design, conduct and analysis of animal trials, and publication bias due to under-reporting of negative results in the scientific literature. The quality of animal model research on novel therapeutics can be improved by bringing the rigor of human clinical trials to animal studies. Research communities in several disease areas have developed recommendations for the conduct and reporting of preclinical studies in order to increase their validity, reproducibility, and predictive value. To address these issues in the AD community, the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation partnered with Charles River Discovery Services (Morrisville, NC, USA) and Cerebricon Ltd. (Kuopio, Finland) to convene an expert advisory panel of academic, industry, and government scientists to make recommendations on best practices for animal studies testing investigational AD therapies. The panel produced recommendations regarding the measurement, analysis, and reporting of relevant AD targets, th choice of animal model, quality control measures for breeding and colony maintenance, and preclinical animal study design. Major considerations to incorporate into preclinical study design include a priori hypotheses, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics studies prior to proof-of-concept testing, biomarker measurements, sample size determination, and power analysis. The panel also recommended distinguishing between pilot 'exploratory' animal studies and more extensive 'therapeutic' studies to guide interpretation. Finally, the panel proposed infrastructure and resource development, such as the establishment of a public data repository in which both positive animal studies and negative ones could be reported. By promoting best practices, these recommendations can improve the methodological quality and predictive value of AD animal studies and make the translation to human clinical trials more efficient and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana W Shineman
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 57 West 57 Street, Suite 904, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Guriqbal S Basi
- Elan Pharmaceuticals, 1000 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244, USA
| | - Carol A Colton
- Duke University Medical Center, 201H Bryan Research Building, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barry D Greenberg
- University Health Network, Toronto Western Research Institute, 399 Bathurst Street, MP 14-328, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Beth A Hollister
- Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Boulevard, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - John Lincecum
- ALS Therapy Development Institute, 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Linda (Bobbi) H Lee
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 57 West 57 Street, Suite 904, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, Building PS 12-510, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- Abbott Neuroscience, AP4-2, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6076, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Avenue, MDC Box 36, Tampa FL 33613, USA
| | - Iva Morse
- Genetically Engineered Models and Services/Charles River Laboratories, Inc., 251 Ballardvale Street, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA
| | - Lorenzo M Refolo
- National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Gateway Building, Suite 350, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Riddell
- Pfizer Neuroscience Research Unit, MS 8220-3414, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Patrick Sweeney
- Cerebricon Ltd./Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, Kuopio, Finland 70210
| | - Juha Yrjänheikki
- Cerebricon Ltd./Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, Kuopio, Finland 70210
| | - Howard M Fillit
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 57 West 57 Street, Suite 904, New York, NY 10019, USA
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de Oliveira J, Hort MA, Moreira ELG, Glaser V, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM, Prediger RD, Farina M, Latini A, de Bem AF. Positive correlation between elevated plasma cholesterol levels and cognitive impairments in LDL receptor knockout mice: relevance of cortico-cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Neuroscience 2011; 197:99-106. [PMID: 21945034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Convergent epidemiological, clinical, and experimental findings indicate that hypercholesterolemia contributes to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like dementia, but the exact underlying mechanisms remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive performance of mice submitted to a model of hypercholesterolemia, as well as its relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, two key events involved in AD pathogenesis. Wild-type C57bl/6 or low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)-deficient mice were fed with either standard or cholesterol-enriched diet for a 4-week period and tested for spatial learning and memory in the object location task. LDLr⁻/⁻ mice displayed spatial learning and memory impairments regardless of diet. Moreover, LDLr⁻/⁻ mice fed cholesterol-enriched diet presented a significant decrease in the mitochondrial complexes I and II activities in the cerebral cortex, which were negatively correlated with respective blood cholesterol levels. Additionally, hypercholesterolemic LDLr⁻/⁻ mice presented a significant decrease in glutathione levels, about 40% increase in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels, as well as an imbalance between the peroxide-removing-related enzymes glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase activities in the cerebral cortex. These findings indicate a significant relationship between hypercholesterolemia, cognitive impairment, and cortico-cerebral mitochondrial dysfunctional/oxidative stress. Because of the involvement of such alterations in AD patients, our data render this mouse model of hypercholesterolemia a useful approach to comprehend the molecular events mediating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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