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Wang R, Lv Y, Ni Z, Feng W, Fan P, Wang Y, Lin Y, Chen X. Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by aggravating hepatic copper deficiency-induced ferroptosis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23788. [PMID: 38963329 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400840r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is an independent risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Copper deficiency can disrupt redox homeostasis, iron, and lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated whether hepatic copper deficiency plays a role in IH-associated MAFLD and explored the underlying mechanism(s). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a western-type diet with adequate copper (CuA) or marginally deficient copper (CuD) and were exposed separately to room air (RA) or IH. Hepatic histology, plasma biomarkers, copper-iron status, and oxidative stress were assessed. An in vitro HepG2 cell lipotoxicity model and proteomic analysis were used to elucidate the specific targets involved. We observed that there were no differences in hepatic phenotypes between CuA-fed and CuD-fed mice under RA. However, in IH exposure, CuD-fed mice showed more pronounced hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and oxidative stress than CuA-fed mice. IH induced copper accumulation in the brain and heart and exacerbated hepatic copper deficiency and secondary iron deposition. In vitro, CuD-treated cells with IH exposure showed elevated levels of lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis susceptibility. Proteomic analysis identified 360 upregulated and 359 downregulated differentially expressed proteins between CuA and CuD groups under IH; these proteins were mainly enriched in citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α pathway, and ferroptosis. In IH exposure, CuD significantly upregulated the ferroptosis-promoting factor arachidonyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member (ACSL)4. ACSL4 knockdown markedly eliminated CuD-induced ferroptosis and lipid accumulation in IH exposure. In conculsion, IH can lead to reduced hepatic copper reserves and secondary iron deposition, thereby inducing ferroptosis and subsequent MAFLD progression. Insufficient dietary copper may worsen IH-associated MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuerong Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZiYan Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiguang Lin
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Ficiarà E, Stura I, Vernone A, Silvagno F, Cavalli R, Guiot C. Iron Overload in Brain: Transport Mismatches, Microbleeding Events, and How Nanochelating Therapies May Counteract Their Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2337. [PMID: 38397013 PMCID: PMC10889007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron overload in many brain regions is a common feature of aging and most neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the causes, mechanisms, mathematical models, and possible therapies are summarized. Indeed, physiological and pathological conditions can be investigated using compartmental models mimicking iron trafficking across the blood-brain barrier and the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Brain exchange membranes located in the choroid plexus. In silico models can investigate the alteration of iron homeostasis and simulate iron concentration in the brain environment, as well as the effects of intracerebral iron chelation, determining potential doses and timing to recover the physiological state. Novel formulations of non-toxic nanovectors with chelating capacity are already tested in organotypic brain models and could be available to move from in silico to in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ficiarà
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Stura
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Annamaria Vernone
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
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3
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Clinkenbeard E. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Bone Regulation and Downstream Hormonal Activity. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:4-20. [PMID: 37306735 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mineral homeostasis of calcium and phosphate levels is one critical component to the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. Diseases that disrupt calcium and phosphate balanced have highlighted not only the role these minerals play in overall bone homeostasis, but also the factors, hormones and downstream transporters, responsible for mineral metabolism. The key phosphaturic hormone elucidated from studying rare heritable disorders of hypophosphatemia is Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 is predominantly secreted from bone cells in an effort to maintain phosphate balance by directly controlling renal reabsorption and indirectly affecting intestinal uptake of this mineral. Multiple factors have been shown to enhance bone mRNA expression; however, FGF23 can also undergo proteolytic cleavage to control secretion of the biologically active form of the hormone. The review focuses specifically on the regulation of FGF23 and its secretion from bone as well as its hormonal actions under physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive MS 5023, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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4
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Helman SL, Zhou J, Fuqua BK, Lu Y, Collins JF, Chen H, Vulpe CD, Anderson GJ, Frazer DM. The biology of mammalian multi-copper ferroxidases. Biometals 2023; 36:263-281. [PMID: 35167013 PMCID: PMC9376197 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian multicopper ferroxidases (MCFs) ceruloplasmin (CP), hephaestin (HEPH) and zyklopen (ZP) comprise a family of conserved enzymes that are essential for body iron homeostasis. Each of these enzymes contains six biosynthetically incorporated copper atoms which act as intermediate electron acceptors, and the oxidation of iron is associated with the four electron reduction of dioxygen to generate two water molecules. CP occurs in both a secreted and GPI-linked (membrane-bound) form, while HEPH and ZP each contain a single C-terminal transmembrane domain. These enzymes function to ensure the efficient oxidation of iron so that it can be effectively released from tissues via the iron export protein ferroportin and subsequently bound to the iron carrier protein transferrin in the blood. CP is particularly important in facilitating iron release from the liver and central nervous system, HEPH is the major MCF in the small intestine and is critical for dietary iron absorption, and ZP is important for normal hair development. CP and HEPH (and possibly ZP) function in multiple tissues. These proteins also play other (non-iron-related) physiological roles, but many of these are ill-defined. In addition to disrupting iron homeostasis, MCF dysfunction perturbs neurological and immune function, alters cancer susceptibility, and causes hair loss, but, despite their importance, how MCFs co-ordinately maintain body iron homeostasis and perform other functions remains incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan L Helman
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Brie K Fuqua
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Mucosal Immunology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Huijun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christopher D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David M Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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5
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Lee D, Son E, Kim YH. Transferrin-mediated increase of labile iron Pool following simulated ischemia causes lipid peroxidation during the early phase of reperfusion. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:713-729. [PMID: 36794395 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2169683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is related to iron content. However, the occurrence and mechanism of changes in labile iron pool (LIP) during I/R is debatable. Moreover, the identity of the iron form dominant in LIP during I/R is unclear. Herein, we measured changes of LIP during simulated ischemia (SI) and reperfusion (SR), in which ischemia was simulated in vitro with lactic acidosis and hypoxia. Total LIP did not change in lactic acidosis, whereas LIP, especially Fe3+, increased in hypoxia. Under SI, accompanied by hypoxia with acidosis, both Fe2+ and Fe3+ were significantly increased. Increased total LIP was maintained at 1 h post-SR. However, the Fe2+ and Fe3+ portion was changed. The increased Fe2+ was decreased, and conversely the Fe3+ was increased. BODIPY oxidized signal increased and through the time-course these changes correlated with blebbing of cell membrane and SR-induced LDH release. These data suggested lipid peroxidation occurred via Fenton's reaction. The experiments using bafilomycin A1 and zinc protoporphyrin suggested no role of ferritinophagy or heme oxidation in the increase of LIP during SI. The extracellular source, transferrin assessed using serum transferrin bound iron (TBI) saturation showed that the depletion of TBI reduced SR-induced cell damages and additive saturation of TBI accelerated SR-induced lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, Apo-Tf dramatically blocked the increase of LIP and SR-induced damages. In conclusion, Tf-mediated iron induces the increase of LIP during SI, and it causes Fenton reaction-mediated lipid peroxidation during the early phase of SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea
| | - Euncheol Son
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea
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6
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Chronic High-Altitude Hypoxia Alters Iron and Nitric Oxide Homeostasis in Fetal and Maternal Sheep Blood and Aorta. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091821. [PMID: 36139895 PMCID: PMC9495375 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian fetus thrives at oxygen tensions much lower than those of adults. Gestation at high altitude superimposes hypoxic stresses on the fetus resulting in increased erythropoiesis. We hypothesized that chronic hypoxia at high altitude alters the homeostasis of iron and bioactive nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in gestation. To test for this, electron paramagnetic resonance was used to provide unique measurements of iron, metalloproteins, and free radicals in the blood and aorta of fetal and maternal sheep from either high or low altitudes (3801 or 300 m). Using ozone-based chemiluminescence with selectivity for various NOx species, we determined the NOx levels in these samples immediately after collection. These experiments demonstrated a systemic redistribution of iron in high altitude fetuses as manifested by a decrease in both chelatable and total iron in the aorta and an increase in non-transferrin bound iron and total iron in plasma. Likewise, high altitude altered the redox status diversely in fetal blood and aorta. This study also found significant increases in blood and aortic tissue NOx in fetuses and mothers at high altitude. In addition, gradients in NOx concentrations observed between fetus and mother, umbilical artery and vein, and plasma and RBCs demonstrated complex dynamic homeostasis of NOx among these circulatory compartments, such as placental generation and efflux as well as fetal consumption of iron-nitrosyls in RBCs, probably HbNO. In conclusion, these results may suggest the utilization of iron from non-hematopoietic tissues iron for erythropoiesis in the fetus and increased NO bioavailability in response to chronic hypoxic stress at high altitude during gestation.
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7
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Rytz CL, Pun M, Mawhinney JA, Mounsey CA, Mura M, Martin A, Pialoux V, Hartmann SE, Furian M, Rawling JM, Lopez I, Soza D, Moraga FA, Lichtblau M, Bader PR, Ulrich S, Bloch KE, Frise MC, Poulin MJ. Differential Effects of High-Altitude Exposure on Markers of Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Profiles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R445-R456. [PMID: 35938686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
High altitude (HA) exposure may stimulate significant physiological and molecular changes, resulting in HA-related illnesses. HA may impact oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and iron homeostasis, yet it is unclear how both repeated exposure and HA acclimatization may modulate such effects. Therefore, we assessed the effects of weeklong repeated daily HA exposure (2,900m to 5,050m) in altitude-naïve individuals (n=21, 13 females, mean ± SD, 25.3 ± 3.7 years) to mirror the working schedule of HA workers (n=19, all males, 40.1 ± 2.1 years) at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Observatory (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile). Markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and iron homeostasis were measured in blood plasma. Levels of protein oxidation (p<0.001) and catalase activity (p=0.023) increased and serum iron (p<0.001), serum ferritin (p<0.001) and transferrin saturation (p<0.001) levels decreased with HA exposure in both groups. HA workers had lower levels of oxidative stress, and higher levels of antioxidant capacity, iron supply and hemoglobin concentration as compared to altitude-naïve individuals. Upon a second week of daily HA exposure, changes in levels of protein oxidation, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide metabolites were lower as compared to the first week in altitude-naïve individuals. These results indicate that repeated exposure to HA may significantly alter oxidative stress and iron homeostasis, and the degree of such changes may be dependent on if HA is visited naïvely or routinely. Further studies are required to fully elucidate differences in HA-induced changes in oxidative stress and iron homeostasis profiles amongst visitors of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal L Rytz
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Matiram Pun
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jamie A Mawhinney
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Mathilde Mura
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Martin
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Sara E Hartmann
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael Furian
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean M Rawling
- Department of Family Medicine at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ivan Lopez
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Daniel Soza
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Fernando A Moraga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Hipoxia y Función Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Bader
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad E Bloch
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew C Frise
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Intensive Care Unit, Royal Berkshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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8
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Sun Q, Wang H, Xiao B, Xue D, Wang G. Development and Validation of a 6-Gene Hypoxia-Related Prognostic Signature For Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:954366. [PMID: 35924146 PMCID: PMC9339701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.954366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is highly malignant and has a poor prognosis. This study is committed to creating a new prognostic model based on hypoxia related genes. Here, we established a novel tumor hypoxia-related prognostic model consisting of 6 hypoxia-related genes by univariate Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm to predict CHOL prognosis and then the risk score for each patient was calculated. The results showed that the patients with high-risk scores had poor prognosis compared with those with low-risk scores, which was verified as an independent predictor by multivariate analysis. The hypoxia-related prognostic model was validated in both TCGA and GEO cohorts and exhibited excellent performance in predicting overall survival in CHOL. The PPI results suggested that hypoxia-related genes involved in the model may play a central role in regulating the hypoxic state. In addition, the presence of IDH1 mutations in the high-risk group was high, and GSEA results showed that some metabolic pathways were upregulated, but immune response processes were generally downregulated. These factors may be potential reasons for the high-risk group with worse prognosis. The analysis of different immune regulation-related processes in the high- and low-risk groups revealed that the expression of genes related to immune checkpoints would show differences between these two groups. We further verified the expression of the oncogene PPFIA4 in the model, and found that compared with normal samples, CHOL patients were generally highly expressed, and the patients with high-expression of PPFIA4 had a poor prognosis. In summary, the present study may provide a valid prognostic model for bile duct cancer to inform better clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huxia Wang
- Mammary Department, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Baoan Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Wang,
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9
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Effects of Iron Supplementation on Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis of Iron-Deficient Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102063. [PMID: 35631204 PMCID: PMC9144601 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. Previous studies have shown that iron deficiency increases oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant enzymes, and studies of male infertility indicated that oxidative stress may affect male reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron supplementation on spermatogenesis and testicular functions in iron-deficient rats. Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: an iron-adequate control (AI group, 35 ppm FeSO4) and an iron-deficient group (ID group, <5 ppm FeSO4). After three weeks, the iron-deficient group was divided into an original iron-deficient group and five iron-supplemented groups, the latter fed diets containing different doses of FeSO4 (6, 12, 18, 24, and 35 ppm). After five weeks, blood and testis tissue were analyzed. We presented as median (interquartile range, IQR) for continuous measurements and compared their differences using the Kruskal−Wallis test followed by the Mann−Whitney U test among groups. The results showed that as compared with the AI group, the ID group had significantly lower serum testosterone and poorer spermatogenesis (The medians (QR) were 187.4 (185.6−190.8) of AI group vs. 87.5 (85.7−90.4) of ID group in serum testosterone, p < 0.05; 9.3 (8.8−10.6) of AI group vs. 4.9 (3.4−5.4) of ID group in mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS], p < 0.05); iron supplementation reversed the impairment of testis tissue. In the testosterone biosynthesis pathway, iron supplementation improved the lowered protein expressions of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases caused by iron deficiency. Additionally, decreased activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and increased cleaved-caspase 8 and caspase 3 expression, were found in the iron-deficient rats. The iron-supplemented rats that received > 12 ppm FeSO4 exhibited improvements in antioxidant levels. In conclusion, iron supplementation can abrogate testis dysfunction due to iron deficiency through regulation of the testicular antioxidant capacity.
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10
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Tandem Mass Tagging-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Damage to the Liver and Brain of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Exposed to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030589. [PMID: 35326239 PMCID: PMC8945220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture environments frequently experience hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation conditions, which have significant effects on hypoxia-sensitive fish populations. In this study, hepatic biochemical activity indices in serum and the content of major neurotransmitters in the brain were altered markedly after acute hypoxia and reoxygenation exposure in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Proteomics analysis of the liver showed that a number of immune-related and cytoskeletal organization-related proteins were downregulated, the ferroptosis pathway was activated, and several antioxidant molecules and detoxifying enzymes were upregulated. Proteomics analysis of the brain showed that somatostatin-1A (SST1A) was upregulated, dopamine-degrading enzyme catechol O methyltransferase (COMT) and ferritin, heavy subunit (FerH) were downregulated, and the levels of proteins involved in the nervous system were changed in different ways. In conclusion, these findings highlight that hypoxia–reoxygenation has potential adverse effects on growth, locomotion, immunity, and reproduction of silver carp, and represents a serious threat to liver and brain function, possibly via ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and cytoskeleton destruction in the liver, and abnormal expression of susceptibility genes for neurodegenerative disorders in the brain. Our present findings provide clues to the mechanisms of hypoxia and reoxygenation damage in the brain and liver of hypoxia-sensitive fish. They could also be used to develop methods to reduce hypoxia or reoxygenation injury to fish.
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11
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Kuwabara AM, Tenforde AS, Finoff JT, Fredericson M. Iron Deficiency in Athletes: A Narrative Review. PM R 2022; 14:620-642. [DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Kuwabara
- Stanford University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor Redwood City California United States
| | - Adam S. Tenforde
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Michael Fredericson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Stanford University Medical Center
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12
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Erber L, Liu S, Gong Y, Tran P, Chen Y. Quantitative Proteome and Transcriptome Dynamics Analysis Reveals Iron Deficiency Response Networks and Signature in Neuronal Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:484. [PMID: 35056799 PMCID: PMC8779535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron and oxygen deficiencies are common features in pathophysiological conditions, such as ischemia, neurological diseases, and cancer. Cellular adaptive responses to such deficiencies include repression of mitochondrial respiration, promotion of angiogenesis, and cell cycle control. We applied a systematic proteomics analysis to determine the global proteomic changes caused by acute hypoxia and chronic and acute iron deficiency (ID) in hippocampal neuronal cells. Our analysis identified over 8600 proteins, revealing similar and differential effects of each treatment on activation and inhibition of pathways regulating neuronal development. In addition, comparative analysis of ID-induced proteomics changes in cultured cells and transcriptomic changes in the rat hippocampus identified common altered pathways, indicating specific neuronal effects. Transcription factor enrichment and correlation analysis identified key transcription factors that were activated in both cultured cells and tissue by iron deficiency, including those implicated in iron regulation, such as HIF1, NFY, and NRF1. We further identified MEF2 as a novel transcription factor whose activity was induced by ID in both HT22 proteome and rat hippocampal transcriptome, thus linking iron deficiency to MEF2-dependent cellular signaling pathways in neuronal development. Taken together, our study results identified diverse signaling networks that were differentially regulated by hypoxia and ID in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Erber
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (Y.G.)
| | - Shirelle Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Yao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (Y.G.)
| | - Phu Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (Y.G.)
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13
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Jayakumar D, S Narasimhan KK, Periandavan K. Triad role of hepcidin, ferroportin, and Nrf2 in cardiac iron metabolism: From health to disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126882. [PMID: 34710708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element required for several vital physiological and developmental processes, including erythropoiesis, bone, and neuronal development. Iron metabolism and oxygen homeostasis are interlinked to perform a vital role in the functionality of the heart. The metabolic machinery of the heart utilizes almost 90 % of oxygen through the electron transport chain. To handle this tremendous level of oxygen, the iron metabolism in the heart is utmost crucial. Iron availability to the heart is therefore tightly regulated by (i) the hepcidin/ferroportin axis, which controls dietary iron absorption, storage, and recycling, and (ii) iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1/2) via hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) pathway. Despite iron being vital to the heart, recent investigations have demonstrated that iron imbalance is a common manifestation in conditions of heart failure (HF), since free iron readily transforms between Fe2+ and Fe3+via the Fenton reaction, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damage. Therefore, to combat iron-mediated oxidative stress, targeting Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling is rational. The involvement of Nrf2 in regulating several genes engaged in heme synthesis, iron storage, and iron export is beginning to be uncovered. Consequently, it is possible that Nrf2/hepcidin/ferroportin might act as an epicenter connecting iron metabolism to redox alterations. However, the mechanism bridging the two remains obscure. In this review, we tried to summarize the contemporary insight of how cardiomyocytes regulate intracellular iron levels and discussed the mechanisms linking cardiac dysfunction with iron imbalance. Further, we emphasized the impact of Nrf2 on the interplay between systemic/cardiac iron control in the context of heart disease, particularly in myocardial ischemia and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthy Jayakumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kishore Kumar S Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kalaiselvi Periandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Meng JB, Hu MH, Zhang M, Hu GP, Zhang W, Hu SJ. The Correlation Between Whole Blood Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Levels and Cu/Zn Ratio and Sepsis-Induced Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (SILVSD) in Patients with Septic Shock: A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7219-7234. [PMID: 34737617 PMCID: PMC8558506 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore relationships between whole blood copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and Cu/Zn ratio and cardiac dysfunction in patients with septic shock. Subjects and Methods Between April 2018 and March 2020, septic shock patients with sepsis-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction (SILVSD, left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF<50%) and with no sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (non-SIMD, septic shock alone and LVEF>50%) and controls were prospectively enrolled. Whole blood Cu and Zn levels were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results Eighty-six patients with septic shock including both 41 SILVSD and 45 non-SIMD and 25 controls were studied. Whole blood Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio were significantly higher and Zn levels were lower in SILVSD compared with non-SIMD and controls (Cu, p=0.009, <0.001; Zn, p=0.029, <0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, p=0.003, <0.001). Both increased whole blood Cu and Cu/Zn ratio and reduced Zn were associated with lower LVEF (all p<0.001) and higher amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (Cu, p=0.002; Zn, p<0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, p<0.001) and had predictive values for SILVSD (Cu, AUC=0.666, p=0.005; Zn, AUC=0.625, p=0.039; Cu/Zn ratio, AUC=0.674, p=0.029). Whole blood Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio were increased but Zn levels were reduced in non-survivors compared with survivors (Cu, p<0.001; Zn, p<0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, p<0.001). Whole blood Cu and Zn displayed the value of predicting 28-day mortality (Cu, AUC = 0.802, p<0.001; Zn, AUC=0.869, p<0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, AUC=0.902, p<0.001). Conclusion Findings of the study suggest that whole blood Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio are increased in SILVSD patients and positively correlated with cardiac dysfunction, while whole blood Zn levels are reduced and negatively associated with cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, both whole blood Cu, Zn and Cu/Zn ratio might distinguish between SILVSD and non-SIMD in septic shock patients and predict 28-day mortality. Trial Registration Registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/ChiCTR1800015709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Biao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Intensive Care Unit, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma-Hong Hu
- Intensive Care Unit, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Pai Hu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Jiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China
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15
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Erlandsson L, Masoumi Z, Hansson LR, Hansson SR. The roles of free iron, heme, haemoglobin, and the scavenger proteins haemopexin and alpha-1-microglobulin in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. J Intern Med 2021; 290:952-968. [PMID: 34146434 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy syndrome characterised by maternal hypertension and organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Extracellular haemoglobin (Hb) and its metabolites heme and iron are highly toxic molecules and several defence mechanisms have evolved to protect the tissue. OBJECTIVES We will discuss the roles of free iron, heme, Hb, and the scavenger proteins haemopexin and alpha-1-microglobulin in pregnancies complicated by PE and fetal growth restriction (FGR). CONCLUSION In PE, oxidative stress causes syncytiotrophoblast (STB) stress and increased shedding of placental STB-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEV). The level in maternal circulation correlates with the severity of hypertension and supports the involvement of STBEVs in causing maternal symptoms in PE. In PE and FGR, iron homeostasis is changed, and iron levels significantly correlate with the severity of the disease. The normal increase in plasma volume taking place during pregnancy is less for PE and FGR and therefore have a different impact on, for example, iron concentration, compared to normal pregnancy. Excess iron promotes ferroptosis is suggested to play a role in trophoblast stress and lipotoxicity. Non-erythroid α-globin regulates vasodilation through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, and hypoxia-induced α-globin expression in STBs in PE placentas is suggested to contribute to hypertension in PE. Underlying placental pathology in PE with and without FGR might be amplified by iron and heme overload causing oxidative stress and ferroptosis. As the placenta becomes stressed, the release of STBEVs increases and affects the maternal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Erlandsson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucas R Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
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16
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Lanser L, Fuchs D, Kurz K, Weiss G. Physiology and Inflammation Driven Pathophysiology of Iron Homeostasis-Mechanistic Insights into Anemia of Inflammation and Its Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:3732. [PMID: 34835988 PMCID: PMC8619077 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is very common in patients with inflammatory disorders. Its prevalence is associated with severity of the underlying disease, and it negatively affects quality of life and cardio-vascular performance of patients. Anemia of inflammation (AI) is caused by disturbances of iron metabolism resulting in iron retention within macrophages, a reduced erythrocyte half-life, and cytokine mediated inhibition of erythropoietin function and erythroid progenitor cell differentiation. AI is mostly mild to moderate, normochromic and normocytic, and characterized by low circulating iron, but normal and increased levels of the storage protein ferritin and the iron hormone hepcidin. The primary therapeutic approach for AI is treatment of the underlying inflammatory disease which mostly results in normalization of hemoglobin levels over time unless other pathologies such as vitamin deficiencies, true iron deficiency on the basis of bleeding episodes, or renal insufficiency are present. If the underlying disease and/or anemia are not resolved, iron supplementation therapy and/or treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents may be considered whereas blood transfusions are an emergency treatment for life-threatening anemia. New treatments with hepcidin-modifying strategies and stabilizers of hypoxia inducible factors emerge but their therapeutic efficacy for treatment of AI in ill patients needs to be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.L.); (K.K.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Saibabu V, Fatima Z, Khan LA, Hameed S. Mechanistic Insights into the Anticandidal Action of Vanillin Reveal Disruption of Cell Surface Integrity and Mitochondrial Functioning. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:405-415. [PMID: 32614756 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200702134110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in prevalent human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, there is a parallel spurt in the development of novel strategies aimed to disrupt MDR. Compounds from natural resources could be exploited as efficient antifungal drugs owing to their structural diversity, cost effectiveness and negligible side effects. OBJECTIVE The present study elucidates the antifungal mechanisms of Vanillin (Van), a natural food flavoring agent against Candida albicans. METHODS Antifungal activities were assessed by broth microdilution and spot assays. Membrane and cell wall perturbations were studied by PI uptake, electron microscopy, plasma membrane H+ extrusion activity and estimation of ergosterol and chitin contents. Mitochondrial functioning was studied by growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, rhodamine B labeling and using retrograde signaling mutants. Gene expressions were validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS We observed that the antifungal activity of Van was not only limited to clinical isolates of C. albicans but also against non-albicans species of Candida. Mechanistic insights revealed the effect of Van on cell surface integrity as evident from hypersensitivity against membrane perturbing agent SDS, depleted ergosterol levels, transmission electron micrographs and diminished plasma membrane H+ extrusion activity. In addition, spot assays with cell wall perturbing agents, scanning electron micrographs, delayed sedimentation rate and lower chitin content further substantiate cell wall damage by Van. Furthermore, Van treated cells underwent mitochondrial dysfunctioning via impaired retrograde signaling leading to abrogated iron homeostasis and DNA damage. All the perturbed phenotypes were also validated by RT-PCR depicting differential regulation of genes (NPC2, KRE62, FTR2 and CSM3) in response to Van. CONCLUSION Together, our results suggested that Van is promising antifungal agent that may be advocated for further investigation in therapeutic strategies to treat Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Saibabu
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413, India
| | - Luqman Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Saif Hameed
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413, India
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18
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Relation of Serum Copper Status to Survival in COVID-19. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061898. [PMID: 34072977 PMCID: PMC8229409 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace element copper (Cu) is part of our nutrition and essentially needed for several cuproenzymes that control redox status and support the immune system. In blood, the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) accounts for the majority of circulating Cu and serves as transport protein. Both Cu and CP behave as positive, whereas serum selenium (Se) and its transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) behave as negative acute phase reactants. In view that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes systemic inflammation, we hypothesized that biomarkers of Cu and Se status are regulated inversely, in relation to disease severity and mortality risk. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients were analysed for Cu by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and CP was quantified by a validated sandwich ELISA. The two Cu biomarkers correlated positively in serum from patients with COVID-19 (R = 0.42, p < 0.001). Surviving patients showed higher mean serum Cu and CP concentrations in comparison to non-survivors ([mean+/−SEM], Cu; 1475.9+/−22.7 vs. 1317.9+/−43.9 µg/L; p < 0.001, CP; 547.2.5+/−19.5 vs. 438.8+/−32.9 mg/L, p = 0.086). In contrast to expectations, total serum Cu and Se concentrations displayed a positive linear correlation in the patient samples analysed (R = 0.23, p = 0.003). Serum CP and SELENOP levels were not interrelated. Applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, the combination of Cu and SELENOP with age outperformed other combinations of parameters for predicting risk of death, yielding an AUC of 95.0%. We conclude that the alterations in serum biomarkers of Cu and Se status in COVID-19 are not compatible with a simple acute phase response, and that serum Cu and SELENOP levels contribute to a good prediction of survival. Adjuvant supplementation in patients with diagnostically proven deficits in Cu or Se may positively influence disease course, as both increase in survivors and are of crucial importance for the immune response and antioxidative defence systems.
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19
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Hypoxia-Induced Alpha-Globin Expression in Syncytiotrophoblasts Mimics the Pattern Observed in Preeclamptic Placentas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073357. [PMID: 33806017 PMCID: PMC8036899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder associated with placental dysfunction and elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Early in pregnancy the placenta harbors hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is an extramedullary source of erythropoiesis. However, globin expression is not unique to erythroid cells and can be triggered by hypoxia. To investigate the role of the placenta in increasing globin levels previously reported in PE, flow cytometry, histological and immunostaining and in situ analyses were used on placenta samples and ex vivo explant cultures. Our results indicated that in PE pregnancies, placental HSPC homing and erythropoiesis were not affected. Non-erythroid alpha-globin mRNA and protein, but not gamma-globin, were detected in syncytiotrophoblasts and stroma of PE placenta samples. Similarly, alpha-globin protein and mRNA were upregulated in normal placenta explants cultured in hypoxia. The upregulation was independent of HIF1 and NRF2, the two main candidates of globin transcription in non-erythroid cells. Our study is the first to demonstrate alpha-globin mRNA expression in syncytiotrophoblasts in PE, induced by hypoxia. However, gamma-globin was only expressed in erythrocytes. We conclude that alpha-globin, but not HbF, is expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblasts in PE and may contribute to the pathology of the disease.
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20
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Lau F, Dalisson B, Zhang YL, Zhao J, Eliopoulos N, Barralet JE. Effects of Oxygen and Glucose on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000094. [PMID: 33124179 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study determines whether the viability of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in vitro is most sensitive to oxygen supply, energetic substrate supply, or accumulation of lactate. Mouse unmodified (wild type (WT)) and erythropoietin (EPO) gene-modified MSC is cultured for 7 days in normoxic (21%) and anoxic conditions. WT-MSC is cultured in anoxia for 45 days in high and regular glucose media and both have similar viability when compared to their normoxic controls at 7 days. Protein production of EPO-MSC is unaffected by the absence of oxygen. MSC doubling time and post-anoxic exposure is increased (WT: 32.3-73.3 h; EPO: 27.2-115 h). High glucose leads to a 37% increase in cell viability at 13 days and 17% at 30 days, indicating that MSC anoxic survival is affected by supply of metabolic substrate. However, after 30 days, little difference in viability is found, and at 45 days, complete cell death occurs in both the conditions. This death cannot be attributed to lack of glucose or lactate levels. MSC stemness is retained for both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations. The absence of oxygen increases the doubling time of MSC but does not affect their viability, protein production, or differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Lau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Dalisson
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0C7, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yu Ling Zhang
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jing Zhao
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Eliopoulos
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jake E Barralet
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
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21
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Hypoxia Pathway Proteins are Master Regulators of Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218131. [PMID: 33143240 PMCID: PMC7662373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex process driving the production of red blood cells. During homeostasis, adult erythropoiesis takes place in the bone marrow and is tightly controlled by erythropoietin (EPO), a central hormone mainly produced in renal EPO-producing cells. The expression of EPO is strictly regulated by local changes in oxygen partial pressure (pO2) as under-deprived oxygen (hypoxia); the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-2 induces EPO. However, erythropoiesis regulation extends beyond the well-established hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-EPO axis and involves processes modulated by other hypoxia pathway proteins (HPPs), including proteins involved in iron metabolism. The importance of a number of these factors is evident as their altered expression has been associated with various anemia-related disorders, including chronic kidney disease. Eventually, our emerging understanding of HPPs and their regulatory feedback will be instrumental in developing specific therapies for anemic patients and beyond.
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22
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Salama SA, Kabel AM. Taxifolin ameliorates iron overload-induced hepatocellular injury: Modulating PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK signaling, inflammatory response, and hepatocellular regeneration. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109230. [PMID: 32828744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although physiological levels of iron are essential for numerous biological processes, excess iron causes critical tissue injury. Under iron overload conditions, non-chelated iron generates reactive oxygen species that mediate iron-induced tissue injury with subsequent induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammatory responses. Because liver is a central player in iron metabolism and storage, it is vulnerable to iron-induced tissue injury. Taxifolin is naturally occurring compound that has shown potent antioxidant and potential iron chelation competency. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential protective effects of taxifolin against iron-induced hepatocellular injury and to elucidate the underlining mechanisms using rats as a mammalian model. The results of the current work indicated that taxifolin inhibited iron-induced apoptosis and enhanced hepatocellular survival as demonstrated by decreased activity of caspase-3 and activation of the pro-survival signaling PI3K/AKT, respectively. Western blotting analysis revealed that taxifolin enhanced liver regeneration as indicated by increased PCNA protein abundance. Taxifolin mitigated the iron-induced histopathological aberration and reduced serum activity of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), highlighting enhanced liver cell integrity. Mechanistically, taxifolin modulated the redox-sensitive MAPK signaling (p38/c-Fos) and improved redox status of the liver tissues as indicated by decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation along with enhanced total antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, it decreased liver iron content and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Collectively, these data highlight, for the first time, the ameliorating effects of taxifolin against iron overload-induced hepatocellular injury that is potentially mediated through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential iron chelation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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23
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Petrova E, Pavlova E, Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalny AV, Rashev P, Vladov I, Gluhcheva Y. Cobalt accumulation and iron-regulatory protein profile expression in immature mouse brain after perinatal exposure to cobalt chloride. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109217. [PMID: 32750324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing brain is very sensitive to the influence of environmental factors during gestation and the neonatal period. The aim of the study is to assess cobalt and iron accumulation in the brain as well as changes in the expression of iron-regulatory proteins transferrin receptor 1, hepcidin, and ferroportin in suckling mice. Perinatal exposure to cobalt chloride increased significantly cobalt content in brain tissue homogenates of 18-day-old (d18) and 25-day-old (d25) mice inducing alterations in brain iron homeostasis. Higher degree of transferrin receptor 1 expression was demonstrated in cobalt chloride-exposed mice with no substantial changes between d18 and d25 mice. A weak ferroportin expression was found in 18-day-old control and cobalt-treated mouse brain. Cobalt exposure of d25 mice resulted in increased ferroportin expression in brain compared to the untreated age-matched control group. Hepcidin level in cobalt-exposed groups was decreased in d18 mice and slightly increased in d25 mice. The obtained data contribute for the better understanding of metal toxicity impact on iron homeostasis in the developing brain with further possible implications in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Petrova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- P G Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia; I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- P G Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, 460000, Russia.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, 460000, Russia.
| | - Pavel Rashev
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko shose Blvd 73, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivelin Vladov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Yordanka Gluhcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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He R, Kong Y, Fang P, Li L, Shi H, Liu Z. Integration of quantitative proteomics and metabolomics reveals tissue hypoxia mechanisms in an ischemic-hypoxic rat model. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103924. [PMID: 32736140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissues hypoxia caused by hemorrhage is a common complication in many clinical diseases. However, its pathological mechanism remains largely unknown. To partly address this issue, an ischemic-hypoxic rat model was established and the plasma proteomic and metabolic profiles were quantified and analyzed using TMT-based quantitative proteomics and metabolomics. The analysis revealed a total of 177 differentially expressed proteins and 32 metabolites that were uniquely altered in the hypoxic rat plasma, compared to the control. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these altered proteins and metabolites were involved in a wide range of biological processes. Twelve of the 177 differentially expressed proteins were involved in PI3K-Akt signaling, a pathway that has been reported to be strongly associated with tissue hypoxia. Other signaling pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades, GnRH signaling, relaxin signaling, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, as well as AGE-RAGE signaling were markedly altered in the ischemic-hypoxic response, implying their potential roles in tissue hypoxia. A joint analysis of proteome and metabolome showed that the significantly altered metabolites such as guanine, tryptamine, dopamine, hexadecenoic, l-methionine, and fumarate may have participated in the pathogenesis of tissue hypoxia. Further, we found that changes in the levels of metabolites matched the changes in protein abundance within the same pathway. Overall, this study presents an overview of the molecular networks in ischemic-hypoxic pathology and offers biochemical basis for further study on the mechanism of tissue hypoxia. SIGNIFICANCE: We employed an integrated metabonomic-proteomic method to systematically analyze the profiles of metabolites and proteins in an ischemic-hypoxic rat model. Bioinformatics and enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, PI3K-Akt signaling, GnRH signaling, relaxin signaling, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and AGE-RAGE signaling. Moreover, a panel of 12 candidate proteins involved in PI3K-Akt signaling (i.e., Vtn, Hsp90b1, Ywhae, Tnc, Ywhaz, Thbs4, Lamc1, Col1a1, Il2rg, Egfr, Newgene 621,351, and Tfrc) may serve as the potential biomarkers to predict tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Yujie Kong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Peng Fang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States of America.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610052, China.
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25
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Romero-Afrima L, Zelmanovich V, Abergel Z, Zuckerman B, Shaked M, Abergel R, Livshits L, Smith Y, Gross E. Ferritin is regulated by a neuro-intestinal axis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101359. [PMID: 31677552 PMCID: PMC6920132 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is vital for the life of most organisms. However, when dysregulated, iron can catalyze the formation of oxygen (O2) radicals that can destroy any biological molecule and thus lead to oxidative injury and death. Therefore, iron metabolism must be tightly regulated at all times, as well as coordinated with the metabolism of O2. However, how is this achieved at the whole animal level is not well understood. Here, we explore this question using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. This O2-dependent inhibition is mediated by O2-sensing neurons that communicate with the intestine through neurotransmitter and neuropeptide signalling, and requires the activity of hydroxylated HIF-1. By contrast, the induction of ftn-1 in hypoxia appears to be HIF-1-independent. This upregulation provides protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and oxidative injury. Taken together, our studies uncover a neuro-intestine axis that coordinates O2 and iron responses at the whole animal level. The expression of ferritin 1 (ftn-1) is tightly regulated by O2 tension. O2-sensing neurons inhibit the expression of ftn-1 in the intestine at 21% O2. Hydroxylated–HIF–1 inhibits the expression of ftn-1 at 21% O2. ftn-1 is important for protecting against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Romero-Afrima
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Veronica Zelmanovich
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Zohar Abergel
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Binyamin Zuckerman
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Maayan Shaked
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Rachel Abergel
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Leonid Livshits
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel.
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26
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Iron considerations for the athlete: a narrative review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1463-1478. [PMID: 31055680 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a significant role in the body, and is specifically important to athletes, since it is a dominant feature in processes such as oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Despite its importance, athlete populations, especially females and endurance athletes, are commonly diagnosed with iron deficiency, suggesting an association between sport performance and iron regulation. Although iron deficiency is most common in female athletes (~ 15-35% athlete cohorts deficient), approximately 5-11% of male athlete cohorts also present with this issue. Furthermore, interest has grown in the mechanisms that influence iron absorption in athletes over the last decade, with the link between iron regulation and exercise becoming a research focus. Specifically, exercise-induced increases in the master iron regulatory hormone, hepcidin, has been highlighted as a contributing factor towards altered iron metabolism in athletes. To date, a plethora of research has been conducted, including investigation into the impact that sex hormones, diet (e.g. macronutrient manipulation), training and environmental stress (e.g. hypoxia due to altitude training) have on an athlete's iron status, with numerous recommendations proposed for consideration. This review summarises the current state of research with respect to the aforementioned factors, drawing conclusions and recommendations for future work.
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Wu W, Kang X, Wu Q, Wang P, Liu X, Gao G, Zhou Y, Wang G, Chang Y. Hypobaric hypoxia regulates iron metabolism in rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14076-14087. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Wen‐Yue Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Xiaoxuan Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Peina Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yaru Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Guangyou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yan‐Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
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28
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Biosynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles from nano-degradation products revealed in human stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4044-4053. [PMID: 30760598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816792116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While magnetic nanoparticles offer exciting possibilities for stem cell imaging or tissue bioengineering, their long-term intracellular fate remains to be fully documented. Besides, it appears that magnetic nanoparticles can occur naturally in human cells, but their origin and potentially endogenous synthesis still need further understanding. In an effort to explore the life cycle of magnetic nanoparticles, we investigated their transformations upon internalization in mesenchymal stem cells and as a function of the cells' differentiation status (undifferentiated, or undergoing adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis). Using magnetism as a fingerprint of the transformation process, we evidenced an important degradation of the nanoparticles during chondrogenesis. For the other pathways, stem cells were remarkably "remagnetized" after degradation of nanoparticles. This remagnetization phenomenon is the direct demonstration of a possible neosynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles in cellulo and could lay some foundation to understand the presence of magnetic crystals in human cells. The neosynthesis was shown to take place within the endosomes and to involve the H-subunit of ferritin. Moreover, it appeared to be the key process to avoid long-term cytotoxicity (impact on differentiation) related to high doses of magnetic nanoparticles within stem cells.
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29
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Weiss A, Spektor L, A. Cohen L, Lifshitz L, Magid Gold I, Zhang DL, Truman-Rosentsvit M, Leichtmann-Bardoogo Y, Nyska A, Addadi S, Rouault TA, Meyron-Holtz EG. Orchestrated regulation of iron trafficking proteins in the kidney during iron overload facilitates systemic iron retention. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204471. [PMID: 30321179 PMCID: PMC6188744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact route of iron through the kidney and its regulation during iron overload are not completely elucidated. Under physiologic conditions, non-transferrin and transferrin bound iron passes the glomerular filter and is reabsorbed through kidney epithelial cells, so that hardly any iron is found in the urine. To study the route of iron reabsorption through the kidney, we analyzed the location and regulation of iron metabolism related proteins in kidneys of mice with iron overload, elicited by iron dextran injections. Transferrin Receptor 1 was decreased as expected, following iron overload. In contrast, the multi-ligand hetero-dimeric receptor-complex megalin/cubilin, which also mediates the internalization of transferrin, was highly up-regulated. Moreover, with increasing iron, intracellular ferritin distribution shifted in renal epithelium from an apical location to a punctate distribution throughout the epithelial cells. In addition, in contrast to many other tissues, the iron exporter ferroportin was not reduced by iron overload in the kidney. Iron accumulated mainly in interstitial macrophages, and more prominently in the medulla than in the cortex. This suggests that despite the reduction of Transferrin Receptor 1, alternative pathways may effectively mediate re-absorption of iron that cycles through the kidney during parenterally induced iron-overload. The most iron consuming process of the body, erythropoiesis, is regulated by the renal erythropoietin producing cells in kidney interstitium. We propose, that the efficient re-absorption of iron by the kidney, also during iron overload enables these cells to sense systemic iron and regulate its usage based on the systemic iron state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Weiss
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Spektor
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lyora A. Cohen
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lena Lifshitz
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbar Magid Gold
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - De-Liang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marianna Truman-Rosentsvit
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Leichtmann-Bardoogo
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Timrat, Israel
| | | | - Tracey A. Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Esther G. Meyron-Holtz
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
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30
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Rudkouskaya A, Sinsuebphon N, Ward J, Tubbesing K, Intes X, Barroso M. Quantitative imaging of receptor-ligand engagement in intact live animals. J Control Release 2018; 286:451-459. [PMID: 30036545 PMCID: PMC6231501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining an intact tumor environment is critical for quantitation of receptor-ligand engagement in a targeted drug development pipeline. However, measuring receptor-ligand engagement in vivo and non-invasively in preclinical settings is extremely challenging. We found that quantitation of intracellular receptor-ligand binding can be achieved using whole-body macroscopic lifetime-based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging in intact, live animals bearing tumor xenografts. We determined that FRET levels report on ligand binding to transferrin receptors conversely to raw fluorescence intensity. FRET levels in heterogeneous tumors correlate with intracellular ligand binding but strikingly, not with ubiquitously used ex vivo receptor expression assessment. Hence, MFLI-FRET provides a direct measurement of systemic delivery, target availability and intracellular drug delivery in preclinical studies. Here, we have used MFLI to measure FRET longitudinally in intact and live animals. MFLI-FRET is well-suited for guiding the development of targeted drug therapy in heterogeneous tumors in intact, live small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Rudkouskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Nattawut Sinsuebphon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Jamie Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kate Tubbesing
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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31
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Ferreira AC, Sousa N, Bessa JM, Sousa JC, Marques F. Metabolism and adult neurogenesis: Towards an understanding of the role of lipocalin-2 and iron-related oxidative stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:73-84. [PMID: 30267731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of generating new functional neurons in the adult mammalian brain occurs from the local neural stem and progenitor cells and requires tight control of the progenitor cell's activity. Several signaling pathways and intrinsic/extrinsic factors have been well studied over the last years, but recent attention has been given to the critical role of cellular metabolism in determining the functional properties of progenitor cells. Here, we review recent advances in the current understanding of when and how metabolism affects neural stem cell (NSC) behavior and subsequent neuronal differentiation and highlight the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a protein involved in the control of oxidative stress, as a recently emerged regulator of NSC activity and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João M Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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32
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Suzuki N, Matsuo-Tezuka Y, Sasaki Y, Sato K, Miyauchi K, Kato K, Saito S, Shimonaka Y, Hirata M, Yamamoto M. Iron attenuates erythropoietin production by decreasing hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2α concentrations in renal interstitial fibroblasts. Kidney Int 2018; 94:900-911. [PMID: 30245128 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential mineral for oxygen delivery and for a variety of enzymatic activities, but excessive iron results in oxidative cytotoxicity. Because iron is primarily used in red blood cells, defective erythropoiesis caused by loss of the erythroid growth factor erythropoietin (Epo) elevates iron storage levels in serum and tissues. Here, we investigated the effects of iron in a mouse model of Epo-deficiency anemia, in which serum iron concentration was significantly elevated. We found that intraperitoneal injection of iron-dextran caused severe iron deposition in renal interstitial fibroblasts, the site of Epo production. Iron overload induced by either intraperitoneal injection or feeding decreased activity of endogenous Epo gene expression by reducing levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2α (HIF2α), the major transcriptional activator of the Epo gene. Administration of an iron-deficient diet to the anemic mice reduced serum iron to normal concentration and enhanced the ability of renal Epo production. These results demonstrate that iron overload due to Epo deficiency attenuates endogenous Epo gene expression in the kidneys. Thus, iron suppresses Epo production by reducing HIF2α concentration in renal interstitial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Suzuki
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yukari Matsuo-Tezuka
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miyauchi
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kato
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sakae Saito
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimonaka
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michinori Hirata
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Ferecatu I, Canal F, Fabbri L, Mazure NM, Bouton C, Golinelli-Cohen MP. Dysfunction in the mitochondrial Fe-S assembly machinery leads to formation of the chemoresistant truncated VDAC1 isoform without HIF-1α activation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194782. [PMID: 29596470 PMCID: PMC5875801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters (ISC) is essential to almost all forms of life and involves complex protein machineries. This process is initiated within the mitochondrial matrix by the ISC assembly machinery. Cohort and case report studies have linked mutations in ISC assembly machinery to severe mitochondrial diseases. The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) located within the mitochondrial outer membrane regulates both cell metabolism and apoptosis. Recently, the C-terminal truncation of the VDAC1 isoform, termed VDAC1-ΔC, has been observed in chemoresistant late-stage tumor cells grown under hypoxic conditions with activation of the hypoxia-response nuclear factor HIF-1α. These cells harbored atypical enlarged mitochondria. Here, we show for the first time that depletion of several proteins of the mitochondrial ISC machinery in normoxia leads to a similar enlarged mitochondria phenotype associated with accumulation of VDAC1-ΔC. This truncated form of VDAC1 accumulates in the absence of HIF-1α and HIF-2α activations and confers cell resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that when hypoxia and siRNA knock-down of the ISC machinery core components are coupled, the cell phenotype is further accentuated, with greater accumulation of VDAC1-ΔC. Interestingly, we show that hypoxia promotes the downregulation of several proteins (ISCU, NFS1, FXN) involved in the early steps of mitochondrial Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Finally, we have identified the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) localized Fe-S protein CISD2 as a link between ISC machinery downregulation and accumulation of anti-apoptotic VDAC1-ΔC. Our results are the first to associate dysfunction in Fe-S cluster biogenesis with cleavage of VDAC1, a form which has previously been shown to promote tumor resistance to chemotherapy, and raise new perspectives for targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ferecatu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Canal
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucilla Fabbri
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie M. Mazure
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Cécile Bouton
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail: (CB); (MPG)
| | - Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail: (CB); (MPG)
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Ebersole JL, Novak MJ, Orraca L, Martinez-Gonzalez J, Kirakodu S, Chen KC, Stromberg A, Gonzalez OA. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF1A and HIF2A, increase in aging mucosal tissues. Immunology 2018; 154:452-464. [PMID: 29338076 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia (i.e. oxygen deprivation) activates the hypoxia-signalling pathway, primarily via hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) for numerous target genes, which mediate angiogenesis, metabolism and coagulation, among other processes to try to replenish tissues with blood and oxygen. Hypoxia signalling dysregulation also commonly occurs during chronic inflammation. We sampled gingival tissues from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; 3-25 years old) and total RNA was isolated for microarray analysis. HIF1A, HIF1B and HIF2A were significantly different in healthy aged tissues, and both HIF1A and HIF3A were positively correlated with aging. Beyond these transcription factor alterations, analysis of patterns of gene expression involved in hypoxic changes in tissues showed specific increases in metabolic pathway hypoxia-inducible genes, whereas angiogenesis pathway gene changes were more variable in healthy aging tissues across the animals. With periodontitis, aging tissues showed decreases in metabolic gene expression related to carbohydrate/lipid utilization (GBE1, PGAP1, TPI1), energy metabolism and cell cycle regulation (IER3, CCNG2, PER1), with up-regulation of transcription genes and cellular proliferation genes (FOS, EGR1, MET, JMJD6) that are hypoxia-inducible. The potential clinical implications of these results are related to the epidemiological findings of increased susceptibility and expression of periodontitis with aging. More specifically the findings describe that hypoxic stress may exist in aging gingival tissues before documentation of clinical changes of periodontitis and, so, may provide an explanatory molecular risk factor for an elevated capacity of the tissues to express destructive processes in response to changes in the microbial biofilms characteristic of a more pathogenic microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael John Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Luis Orraca
- School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, Sabana Seca, PR, USA
| | | | - Sreenatha Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kuey C Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Chidlow G, Wood JPM, Casson RJ. Investigations into Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress at the Optic Nerve Head in a Rat Model of Glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:478. [PMID: 28883787 PMCID: PMC5573812 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular hypothesis of glaucoma proposes that retinal ganglion cell axons traversing the optic nerve head (ONH) undergo oxygen and nutrient insufficiency as a result of compromised local blood flow, ultimately leading to their degeneration. To date, evidence for the hypothesis is largely circumstantial. Herein, we made use of an induced rat model of glaucoma that features reproducible and widespread axonal transport disruption at the ONH following chronic elevation of intraocular pressure. If vascular insufficiency plays a role in the observed axonal transport failure, there should exist a physical signature at this time point. Using a range of immunohistochemical and molecular tools, we looked for cellular events indicative of vascular insufficiency, including the presence of hypoxia, upregulation of hypoxia-inducible, or antioxidant-response genes, alterations to antioxidant enzymes, increased formation of superoxide, and the presence of oxidative stress. Our data show that ocular hypertension caused selective hypoxia within the laminar ONH in 11/13 eyes graded as either medium or high for axonal transport disruption. Hypoxia was always present in areas featuring injured axons, and, the greater the abundance of axonal transport disruption, the greater the likelihood of a larger hypoxic region. Nevertheless, hypoxic regions were typically focal and were not necessarily evident in sections taken deeper within the same ONH, while disrupted axonal transport was frequently encountered without any discernible hypoxia. Ocular hypertension caused upregulation of heme oxygenase-1—an hypoxia-inducible and redox-sensitive enzyme—in ONH astrocytes. The distribution and abundance of heme oxygenase-1 closely matched that of axonal transport disruption, and encompassed hypoxic regions and their immediate penumbra. Ocular hypertension also caused upregulations in the iron-regulating protein ceruloplasmin, the anaerobic glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, and the transcription factors cFos and p-cJun. Moreover, ocular hypertension increased the generation of superoxide radicals in the retina and ONH, as well as upregulating the active subunit of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase, and invoking modest alterations to antioxidant-response enzymes. The results of this study provide further indirect support for the hypothesis that reduced blood flow to the ONH contributes to axonal injury in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Chidlow
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John P M Wood
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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Shi Y, Hu Y, Wang J, Elzo MA, Yang X, Lai S. Genetic diversities of MT-ND1 and MT-ND2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:485-494. [PMID: 28366030 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1307976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) where the average altitude is 4000 m, is specially adapted to live at these altitudes. Conversely, cattle (B. taurus) has been found to suffer from high-altitude hypertension or heart failure when exposed to these high altitudes. Two mitochondrial genes, MT-ND1 and MT-ND2, encode two subunits of NADH dehydrogenase play an essential role in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We sequenced these two mitochondrial genes in two bovine groups (70 Tibetan yaks and 70 Xuanhan cattle) and downloaded 300 sequences of B. taurus (cattle), 93 sequences of B. grunniens (domestic yak), and 2 sequences of B. mutus (wild yak) from NCBI to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of adaptability to hypoxia at high altitudes in yaks compared to cattle. MT-ND1 SNP m.3907 C > T, present in all Tibetan yaks, was positively associated with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0006). Specially, mutation m.3638 A > G present in all cattle, resulting in the termination of transcription, was negatively associated with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0006). Additionally, MT-ND2 SNPs m.4351 G > A and m.5218 C > T also showed positive associations with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0004). MT-ND1 haplotypes H2, H3, H4, H6, and H7 showed positive associations but haplotype H20 had a negative association with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0008). Similarly, MT-ND2 haplotypes Ha1 Ha8, Ha10, and Ha11 were positively associated whereas haplotype Ha2 was negatively associated with adaptability to high-altitudes (p < .0008). Thus, MT-ND1 and MT-ND2 can be considered as candidate genes associated with adaptation to high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yongsong Hu
- b Chengdu Agricultural College , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Jie Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- c Department of Animal Science , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,d Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Chengdu , China
| | - Songjia Lai
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
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Wang J, Shi Y, Elzo MA, Dang S, Jia X, Lai S. Genetic diversity of ATP8 and ATP6 genes is associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:385-393. [PMID: 28306370 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1285292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP synthase 8 (ATP8) and ATPase synthase 6 (ATP6) play an important role in mitochondrial ATPase assembly. Mutations in either of these units could affect the ATP processing and the respiration chain in mitochondria. To find out if there were differences in gene diversity between Tibetan yaks and domestic cattle, we sequenced the ATP8 and ATP6 genes in 66 Tibetan yaks and 81 domestic cattle. We identified 20 SNPs in the ATP8 gene and 60 SNPs in the ATP6 gene. Ten SNPs detected in ATP8 were probably positively associated with high-altitude adaptation, of which SNPs m.8164 G > A, m.8210 G > A, m.8231 C > T and m. 8249 C > T resulted in amino acid changes. Similarly, SNPs m.8308A > G, m.8370A > C, m.8514G > A of ATP6 also appeared to be associated with high-altitude adaptability. Specifically, m.8308 A > G, located in the overlap region, might bring in a conserved region found in cytochrome b561 which play an important role in iron regulation, thus it might help the Tibetan yaks with this mutation to utilize rare oxygen efficiently. Considering all mutations, three of eight haplotypes identified in gene ATP8 were present only in Tibetan yaks, and six (H3 to H8) out of 21 haplotypes (H1 to H21) in gene ATP6 were restricted to Tibetan yaks. Haplotypes present only in Tibetan yaks could be positively associated with high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Yu Shi
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- b Department of Animal Sciences , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Shuzhang Dang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Songjia Lai
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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Li Y, Yu P, Chang SY, Wu Q, Yu P, Xie C, Wu W, Zhao B, Gao G, Chang YZ. Hypobaric Hypoxia Regulates Brain Iron Homeostasis in Rats. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1596-1605. [PMID: 27925282 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of iron homeostasis in brain has been found to be closely involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have reported that appropriate intermittent hypobaric hypoxia played a protective role in brain injury caused by acute hypoxia. However, the mechanisms of this protective effect have not been fully understood. In this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models were developed by hypobaric hypoxia treatment in an altitude chamber, and the iron level and iron related protein levels were determined in rat brain after 4 weeks of treatment. We found that the iron levels significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of rat brain as compared to that of the control rats without hypobaric hypoxia treatment. The expression levels of iron storage protein L-ferritin and iron transport proteins, including transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferroportin1 (FPN1), were also altered. Further studies found that the iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) played a dominant regulatory role in the changes of iron hemostasis, whereas iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) mainly acted as cis-aconitase. These results, for the first time, showed the alteration of iron metabolism during hypobaric hypoxia in rat models, which link the potential neuroprotective role of hypobaric hypoxia treatment to the decreased iron level in brain. This may provide insight into the treatment of iron-overloaded neurodegenerative diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1596-1605, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Yang Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Congcong Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenyue Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Baolu Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
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Das A, Nag S, Mason AB, Barroso MM. Endosome-mitochondria interactions are modulated by iron release from transferrin. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:831-45. [PMID: 27646275 PMCID: PMC5037410 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using superresolution and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, Das et al. have revealed that iron-transferrin–containing endosomes directly interact with mitochondria, facilitating iron transfer in epithelial cells. Their findings further enrich the repertoire of organelle–organelle direct interactions to accomplish a functional significance. Transient “kiss and run” interactions between endosomes containing iron-bound transferrin (Tf) and mitochondria have been shown to facilitate direct iron transfer in erythroid cells. In this study, we used superresolution three-dimensional (3D) direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to show that Tf-containing endosomes directly interact with mitochondria in epithelial cells. We used live-cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, followed by 3D rendering, object tracking, and a distance transformation algorithm, to track Tf-endosomes and characterize the dynamics of their interactions with mitochondria. Quenching of iron sensor RDA-labeled mitochondria confirmed functional iron transfer by an interacting Tf-endosome. The motility of Tf-endosomes is significantly reduced upon interaction with mitochondria. To further assess the functional role of iron in the ability of Tf-endosomes to interact with mitochondria, we blocked endosomal iron release by using a Tf K206E/K534A mutant. Blocking intraendosomal iron release led to significantly increased motility of Tf-endosomes and increased duration of endosome–mitochondria interactions. Thus, intraendosomal iron regulates the kinetics of the interactions between Tf-containing endosomes and mitochondria in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Sagarika Nag
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Anne B Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Margarida M Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
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40
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Iron transport across the skin and gut epithelia of Pacific hagfish: Kinetic characterisation and effect of hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 199:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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41
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Linder MC. Ceruloplasmin and other copper binding components of blood plasma and their functions: an update. Metallomics 2016; 8:887-905. [PMID: 27426697 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We know that blood plasma contains many proteins and also other components that bind copper. The largest contributor to copper in the plasma is ceruloplasmin, which accounts for 40-70 percent. Apart from ceruloplasmin and albumin, most of these components have not been studied extensively, and even for ceruloplasmin and albumin, much remains to be discovered. New components with new functions, and new functions of known components are emerging, some warranting reconsideration of earlier findings. The author's laboratory has been actively involved in research on this topic. This review summarizes and updates our knowledge of the nature and functions of ceruloplasmin and the other known and emerging copper-containing molecules (principally proteins) in this fluid, to better understand how they contribute to copper homeostasis and consider their potential significance to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Linder
- California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
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42
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Maeda H, Yoshida KI. Intermittent hypoxia upregulates hepatic heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin-1, thereby limiting hepatic pathogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:720-31. [PMID: 27021659 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2016.1170125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). Intermittent hypoxia (IH) and a high-fat diet (HFD) reproduce SAS and NAFLD, respectively, in rodents. In this study, rats were fed either an HFD or a standard diet (SD) for 2 weeks, and breathed either IH air or normoxic air for 4 days (early phase) or 6 weeks (late phase), with the same diets maintained during the exposure. HFD increased hepatic lipid accumulation, as detected by oil-red staining and triglyceride content. However, IH exposure reversed the hepatic steatosis at the late phase in these HFD-rats. IH exposure also increased hepatic expression of HO-1 and iron-binding protein ferritin-1 at the late phase, in association with increase in serum iron, bilirubin, and hepatic levels of lipid peroxides, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). IH exposure increased serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb) at the early phase and immunofluorescence of Hb and HO-1 in CD68-positive Kupffer cells (KCs) at the late phase. These findings support that IH induces erythrocytosis, erythro-phagocytosis, and generation of Hb in the KCs. The Hb promotes HO-1 expression in KCs, thereby produces iron, bilirubin, and carbon monoxide (CO). The iron would be either sequestrated by ferritin-1, transferred to the bone marrow for erythropoiesis, or would produce hydroxyradicals and HNE in the liver of rats fed an HFD. HNE might also contribute to the upregulation of HO-1, transferrin-1, and IκB, thereby limiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation via inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Maeda
- a Department of Forensic Medicine , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjyuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshida
- a Department of Forensic Medicine , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjyuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
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Govus AD, Peeling P, Abbiss CR, Lawler NG, Swinkels DW, Laarakkers CM, Thompson KG, Peiffer JJ, Gore CJ, Garvican-Lewis LA. Live high, train low - influence on resting and post-exercise hepcidin levels. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:704-713. [PMID: 27038097 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The post-exercise hepcidin response during prolonged (>2 weeks) hypoxic exposure is not well understood. We compared plasma hepcidin levels 3 h after exercise [6 × 1000 m at 90% of maximal aerobic running velocity (vVO2max )] performed in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (3000 m simulate altitude) 1 week before, and during 14 days of normobaric hypoxia [196.2 ± 25.6 h (median: 200.8 h; range: 154.3-234.8 h) at 3000 m simulated altitude] in 10 well-trained distance runners (six males, four females). Venous blood was also analyzed for hepcidin after 2 days of normobaric hypoxia. Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass ) was measured via CO rebreathing 1 week before and after 14 days of hypoxia. Hepcidin was suppressed after 2 (Cohen's d = -2.3, 95% confidence interval: [-2.9, -1.6]) and 14 days of normobaric hypoxia (d = -1.6 [-2.6, -0.6]). Hepcidin increased from baseline, 3 h post-exercise in normoxia (d = 0.8 [0.2, 1.3]) and hypoxia (d = 0.6 [0.3, 1.0]), both before and after exposure (normoxia: d = 0.7 [0.3, 1.2]; hypoxia: d = 1.3 [0.4, 2.3]). In conclusion, 2 weeks of normobaric hypoxia suppressed resting hepcidin levels, but did not alter the post-exercise response in either normoxia or hypoxia, compared with the pre-exposure response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Govus
- Institute for Sport & Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - P Peeling
- School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise & Sports Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N G Lawler
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (TML 830), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Hepcidinanalysis.com, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 10 (TML 830), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C M Laarakkers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (TML 830), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Hepcidinanalysis.com, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 10 (TML 830), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K G Thompson
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, University of Canberra, Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J J Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C J Gore
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, University of Canberra, Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - L A Garvican-Lewis
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, University of Canberra, Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Chepelev NL, Long AS, Williams A, Kuo B, Gagné R, Kennedy DA, Phillips DH, Arlt VM, White PA, Yauk CL. Transcriptional Profiling of Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene-induced Spleen Atrophy Provides Mechanistic Insights into its Immunotoxicity in MutaMouse. Toxicol Sci 2016; 149:251-68. [PMID: 26496743 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) is the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) examined to date. We investigated the immunotoxicity of DBC, manifested as spleen atrophy, following acute exposure of adult MutaMouse males by oral gavage. Mice were exposed to 0, 2.0, 6.2, or 20.0 mg DBC /kg-bw per day, for 3 days. Genotoxic endpoints (DBC-DNA adducts and lacZ mutant frequency in spleen and bone marrow, and red blood cell micronucleus frequency) and global gene expression changes were measured. All of the genotoxicity measures increased in a dose-dependent manner in spleen and bone marrow. Gene expression analysis showed that DBC activates p53 signaling pathways related to cellular growth and proliferation, which was evident even at the low dose. Strikingly, the expression profiles of DBC exposed mouse spleens were highly inversely correlated with the expression profiles of the only published toxicogenomics dataset of enlarged mouse spleen. This analysis suggested a central role for Bnip3l, a pro-apoptotic protein involved in negative regulation of erythroid maturation. RT-PCR confirmed expression changes in several genes related to apoptosis, iron metabolism, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling that are regulated in the opposite direction during spleen atrophy versus benzo[a]pyrene-mediated splenomegaly. In addition, benchmark dose modeling of toxicogenomics data yielded toxicity estimates that are very close to traditional toxicity endpoints. This work illustrates the power of toxicogenomics to reveal rich mechanistic information for immunotoxic compounds and its ability to provide information that is quantitatively similar to that derived from standard toxicity methods in health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai L Chepelev
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Alexandra S Long
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Andrew Williams
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Byron Kuo
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Rémi Gagné
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Dean A Kennedy
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Paul A White
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Carole L Yauk
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
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Otsuka S, Matsumoto K, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Ogura SI. Oxygen Availability for Porphyrin Biosynthesis Enzymes Determines the Production of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) during Hypoxia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146026. [PMID: 26717566 PMCID: PMC4705112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of porphyrin, is specifically converted to the fluorescent substance protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumors to be used as a prodrug for photodynamic therapy and diagnosis. Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, decreases the efficacy of ALA-based photodynamic therapy and diagnosis. This decrease results from the excretion of porphyrin precursor coproporphyrinogen III (CPgenIII), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of PpIX. However, the mechanism of CPgenIII excretion during hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, we revealed the importance of mitochondrial respiration for the production of PpIX during hypoxia. Porphyrin concentrations were estimated in human gastric cancer cell lines by HPLC. Expression levels of porphyrin biosynthesis genes were measured by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Blockage of porphyrin biosynthesis was an oxygen-dependent phenomenon resulting from decreased PpIX production in mitochondria under hypoxic conditions. PpIX production was increased by the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration complexes, which indicates that the enzymes of porphyrin biosynthesis compete with respiration complexes for molecular oxygen. Our results indicate that targeting the respiration complexes is a rationale for enhancing the effect of ALA-mediated treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Otsuka
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B47 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226–8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B47 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226–8501, Japan
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI pharmaceuticals CO., LTD., Izumi Garden Tower 20F, 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106–6020, Japan
| | - Tohru Tanaka
- SBI pharmaceuticals CO., LTD., Izumi Garden Tower 20F, 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106–6020, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Ogura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B47 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226–8501, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Respiratory disease accounts for a large proportion of emergency admissions to hospital and diseaseassociated mortality. Genetic association studies demonstrate a link between iron metabolism and pulmonary disease phenotypes. IREB2 is a gene that produces iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), which has a key role in iron homeostasis. This review addresses pathways involved in iron metabolism, particularly focusing on the role of IREB2. In addition to this, environmental factors also influence phenotypic variation in respiratory disease, for example inhaled iron from cigarette smoke is deposited in the lung and causes tissue damage by altering iron homeostasis. The effects of cigarette smoke are detailed in this article, particularly in relation to lung conditions that favour the upper lobes, such as emphysema and lung cancer. Clinical applications of iron homeostasis are also discussed in this review, especially looking at the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary infections and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Promising new treatments involving iron are also covered.
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47
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Holt SH, Darash-Yahana M, Sohn YS, Song L, Karmi O, Tamir S, Michaeli D, Luo Y, Paddock ML, Jennings PA, Onuchic JN, Azad RK, Pikarsky E, Cabantchik IZ, Nechushtai R, Mittler R. Activation of apoptosis in NAF-1-deficient human epithelial breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:155-65. [PMID: 26621032 PMCID: PMC4732299 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.178293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining iron (Fe) ion and reactive oxygen species homeostasis is essential for cellular function, mitochondrial integrity and the regulation of cell death pathways, and is recognized as a key process underlying the molecular basis of aging and various diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor 1 (NAF-1; also known as CISD2) belongs to a newly discovered class of Fe-sulfur proteins that are localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been implicated in regulating homeostasis of Fe ions, as well as the activation of autophagy through interaction with BCL-2. Here we show that small hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated suppression of NAF-1 results in the activation of apoptosis in epithelial breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors. Suppression of NAF-1 resulted in increased uptake of Fe ions into cells, a metabolic shift that rendered cells more susceptible to a glycolysis inhibitor, and the activation of cellular stress pathways that are associated with HIF1α. Our studies suggest that NAF-1 is a major player in the metabolic regulation of breast cancer cells through its effects on cellular Fe ion distribution, mitochondrial metabolism and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Holt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Merav Darash-Yahana
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yang Sung Sohn
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Luhua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Ola Karmi
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sagi Tamir
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dorit Michaeli
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Mark L Paddock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patricia A Jennings
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - José N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics and Department of Physics, 239 Brockman Hall, 6100 Main Street-MS-61, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ioav Z Cabantchik
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Siebenmann C, Cathomen A, Hug M, Keiser S, Lundby AK, Hilty MP, Goetze JP, Rasmussen P, Lundby C. Hemoglobin mass and intravascular volume kinetics during and after exposure to 3,454-m altitude. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1194-201. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01121.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude (HA) exposure facilitates a rapid contraction of plasma volume (PV) and a slower occurring expansion of hemoglobin mass (Hbmass). The kinetics of the Hbmass expansion has never been examined by multiple repeated measurements, and this was our primary study aim. The second aim was to investigate the mechanisms mediating the PV contraction. Nine healthy, normally trained sea-level (SL) residents (8 males, 1 female) sojourned for 28 days at 3,454 m. Hbmass was measured and PV was estimated by carbon monoxide rebreathing at SL, on every 4th day at HA, and 1 and 2 wk upon return to SL. Four weeks at HA increased Hbmass by 5.26% (range 2.5-11.1%; P < 0.001). The individual Hbmass increases commenced with up to 12 days of delay and reached a maximal rate of 4.04 ± 1.02 g/day after 14.9 ± 5.2 days. The probability for Hbmass to plateau increased steeply after 20–24 days. Upon return to SL Hbmass decayed by −2.46 ± 2.3 g/day, reaching values similar to baseline after 2 wk. PV, aldosterone concentration, and renin activity were reduced at HA ( P < 0.001) while the total circulating protein mass remained unaffected. In summary, the Hbmass response to HA exposure followed a sigmoidal pattern with a delayed onset and a plateau after ∼3 wk. The decay rate of Hbmass upon descent to SL did not indicate major changes in the rate of erythrolysis. Moreover, our data support that PV contraction at HA is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and not by changes in oncotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Siebenmann
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - A. Cathomen
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M. Hug
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S. Keiser
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. K. Lundby
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M. P. Hilty
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. P. Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen, and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - C. Lundby
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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49
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Serum ferritin levels may have a pro-atherosclerotic role in coronary artery disease patients with sleep disordered breathing. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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Gassmann M, Muckenthaler MU. Adaptation of iron requirement to hypoxic conditions at high altitude. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1432-40. [PMID: 26183475 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00248.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate acclimatization time to enable adjustment to hypoxic conditions is one of the most important aspects for mountaineers ascending to high altitude. Accordingly, most reviews emphasize mechanisms that cope with reduced oxygen supply. However, during sojourns to high altitude adjustment to elevated iron demand is equally critical. Thus in this review we focus on the interaction between oxygen and iron homeostasis. We review the role of iron 1) in the oxygen sensing process and erythropoietin (Epo) synthesis, 2) in gene expression control mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2), and 3) as an oxygen carrier in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes. The blood hormone Epo that is abundantly expressed by the kidney under hypoxic conditions stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, a process requiring high iron levels. To ensure that sufficient iron is provided, Epo-controlled erythroferrone that is expressed in erythroid precursor cells acts in the liver to reduce expression of the iron hormone hepcidin. Consequently, suppression of hepcidin allows for elevated iron release from storage organs and enhanced absorption of dietary iron by enterocytes. As recently observed in sojourners at high altitude, however, iron uptake may be hampered by reduced appetite and gastrointestinal bleeding. Reduced iron availability, as observed in a hypoxic mountaineer, enhances hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and may contribute to other hypoxia-related diseases. Overall, adequate systemic iron availability is an important prerequisite to adjust to high-altitude hypoxia and may have additional implications for disease-related hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; and
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, and German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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