1
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Thyne KM, Salmon AB. Sexually dimorphic effects of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on murine longevity and health span during methionine restriction. GeroScience 2023; 45:3003-3017. [PMID: 37391679 PMCID: PMC10643651 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan in various model organisms, and understanding the molecular effectors of MR could expand the repertoire of tools targeting the aging process. Here, we address to what extent the biochemical pathway responsible for redox metabolism of methionine plays in regulating the effects of MR on lifespan and health span. Aerobic organisms have evolved methionine sulfoxide reductases to counter the oxidation of the thioether group contained in the essential amino acid methionine. Of these enzymes, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and has subcellular localization in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Loss of MsrA increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and has been associated with increased susceptibility to age-associated pathologies including metabolic dysfunction. We rationalized that limiting the available methionine with MR may place increased importance on methionine redox pathways, and that MsrA may be required to maintain available methionine for its critical uses in cellular homeostasis including protein synthesis, metabolism, and methylation. Using a genetic mutant mouse lacking MsrA, we tested the requirement for this enzyme in the effects of MR on longevity and markers of healthy aging late in life. When initiated in adulthood, we found that MR had minimal effects in males and females regardless of MsrA status. MR had minimal effect on lifespan with the exception of wild-type males where loss of MsrA slightly increased lifespan on MR. We also observed that MR drove an increase in body weight in wild-type mice only, but mice lacking MsrA tended to maintain more stable body weight throughout their lives. We also found that MR had greater benefit to males than females in terms of glucose metabolism and some functional health span assessments, but MsrA generally had minimal impact on these metrics. Frailty was also found to be unaffected by MR or MsrA in aged animals. We found that in general, MsrA was not required for the beneficial effects of MR on longevity and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Thyne
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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2
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Bharadhwaj VS, Mubeen S, Sargsyan A, Jose GM, Geissler S, Hofmann-Apitius M, Domingo-Fernández D, Kodamullil AT. Integrative analysis to identify shared mechanisms between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and their comorbidities. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110688. [PMID: 36462601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized by highly similar neuropsychological signatures, implying shared neurobiological mechanisms between these two disorders. These disorders also have comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To date, an understanding of the mechanisms that mediate the link between these two disorders remains incomplete. In this work, we identify and investigate shared patterns across multiple schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and T2DM gene expression datasets through multiple strategies. Firstly, we investigate dysregulation patterns at the gene-level and compare our findings against disease-specific knowledge graphs (KGs). Secondly, we analyze the concordance of co-expression patterns across datasets to identify disease-specific as well as common pathways. Thirdly, we examine enriched pathways across datasets and disorders to identify common biological mechanisms between them. Lastly, we investigate the correspondence of shared genetic variants between these two disorders and T2DM as well as the disease-specific KGs. In conclusion, our work reveals several shared candidate genes and pathways, particularly those related to the immune system, such as TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway and nervous system, such as dopaminergic synapse and GABAergic synapse, which we propose mediate the link between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and its shared comorbidity, T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Srinivas Bharadhwaj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin 53757, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sarah Mubeen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin 53757, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning, Germany
| | - Astghik Sargsyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin 53757, Germany
| | - Geena Mariya Jose
- Causality Biomodels, Kinfra Hi-Tech Park, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683503, India
| | | | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin 53757, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin 53757, Germany; Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning, Germany; Enveda Biosciences, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Alpha Tom Kodamullil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin 53757, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Causality Biomodels, Kinfra Hi-Tech Park, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683503, India
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3
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Metabolic benefits of methionine restriction in adult mice do not require functional methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA). Sci Rep 2022; 12:5073. [PMID: 35332198 PMCID: PMC8948287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan and improves several markers of health in rodents. However, the proximate mechanisms of MR on these physiological benefits have not been fully elucidated. The essential amino acid methionine plays numerous biological roles and limiting its availability in the diet directly modulates methionine metabolism. There is growing evidence that redox regulation of methionine has regulatory control on some aspects of cellular function but interactions with MR remain largely unexplored. We tested the functional role of the ubiquitously expressed methionine repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on the metabolic benefits of MR in mice. MsrA catalytically reduces both free and protein-bound oxidized methionine, thus playing a key role in its redox state. We tested the extent to which MsrA is required for metabolic effects of MR in adult mice using mice lacking MsrA. As expected, MR in control mice reduced body weight, altered body composition, and improved glucose metabolism. Interestingly, lack of MsrA did not impair the metabolic effects of MR on these outcomes. Moreover, females had blunted MR responses regardless of MsrA status compared to males. Overall, our data suggests that MsrA is not required for the metabolic benefits of MR in adult mice.
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Francis EC, Kechris K, Cohen CC, Michelotti G, Dabelea D, Perng W. Metabolomic Profiles in Childhood and Adolescence Are Associated with Fetal Overnutrition. Metabolites 2022; 12:265. [PMID: 35323708 PMCID: PMC8952572 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal overnutrition predisposes offspring to increased metabolic risk. The current study used metabolomics to assess sustained differences in serum metabolites across childhood and adolescence among youth exposed to three typologies of fetal overnutrition: maternal obesity only, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) only, and obesity + GDM. We included youth exposed in utero to obesity only (BMI ≥ 30; n = 66), GDM only (n = 56), obesity + GDM (n = 25), or unexposed (n = 297), with untargeted metabolomics measured at ages 10 and 16 years. We used linear mixed models to identify metabolites across both time-points associated with exposure to any overnutrition, using a false-discovery-rate correction (FDR) <0.20. These metabolites were included in a principal component analysis (PCA) to generate profiles and assess metabolite profile differences with respect to overnutrition typology (adjusted for prenatal smoking, offspring age, sex, and race/ethnicity). Fetal overnutrition was associated with 52 metabolites. PCA yielded four factors accounting for 17−27% of the variance, depending on age of measurement. We observed differences in three factor patterns with respect to overnutrition typology: sphingomyelin-mannose (8−13% variance), skeletal muscle metabolism (6−10% variance), and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF; 3−4% variance). The sphingomyelin-mannose factor score was higher among offspring exposed to obesity vs. GDM. Exposure to obesity + GDM (vs. GDM or obesity only) was associated with higher skeletal muscle metabolism and CMPF scores. Fetal overnutrition is associated with metabolic changes in the offspring, but differences between typologies of overnutrition account for a small amount of variation in the metabolome, suggesting there is likely greater pathophysiological overlap than difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. Francis
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Catherine C. Cohen
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Jung JK, Yoon GE, Jang G, Park KM, Kim I, Kim JI. Inhibition of HDACs (Histone Deacetylases) Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertension Through Restoration of the MsrA (Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A)/Hydrogen Sulfide Axis. Hypertension 2021; 78:1103-1115. [PMID: 34397279 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ki Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea (J.K.J., G.-E.Y., J.I.K.)
| | - Ga-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea (J.K.J., G.-E.Y., J.I.K.)
| | - GiBong Jang
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus (G.J., K.M.P.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus (G.J., K.M.P.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - InKyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology (I.K.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea (J.K.J., G.-E.Y., J.I.K.)
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6
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Cha HN, Woo CH, Kim HY, Park SY. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 deficiency inhibits the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101823. [PMID: 33296856 PMCID: PMC8187883 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are involved in mediating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. As the ER-localized methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 (MsrB3) protects cells against oxidative and ER stress, we hypothesized that MsrB3 might be associated with HFD-induced insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of MsrB3 deficiency on HFD-induced insulin resistance using MsrB3 knockout (KO) mice. Mice were fed a control diet or HFD for 12 weeks and insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. HFD consumption increased the body weight of both wild-type and MsrB3 KO mice, and no significant difference was observed between the genotypes. The HFD increased oxidative stress and induced insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of wild-type mice, but did not affect either in MsrB3 KO mice. The unfolded protein response (UPR) was increased in MsrB3 KO mice upon consumption of HFD, but not in wild-type mice. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins and the levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 were increased in MsrB3 KO mice upon HFD consumption. The respiratory control ratio was reduced in wild-type mice consuming HFD but not in MsrB3 KO mice. The levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α were increased in MsrB3 KO mice following HFD consumption. These results suggest that MsrB3 deficiency inhibits HFD-induced insulin resistance, and the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant induction might be the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Park S, Park SY. Can antioxidants be effective therapeutics for type 2 diabetes? Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 38:83-94. [PMID: 33028055 PMCID: PMC8016622 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic and the growing elderly population largely contribute to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance acts as a critical link between the present obesity pandemic and type 2 diabetes. Naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate intracellular signaling and are kept in balance by the antioxidant system. However, the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity causes ROS accumulation and induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress interrupts insulin-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, as supported by studies involving genetic modification of antioxidant enzymes in experimental rodents. In addition, a close association between oxidative stress and insulin resistance has been reported in numerous human studies. However, the controversial results with the use of antioxidants in type 2 diabetes raise the question of whether oxidative stress plays a critical role in insulin resistance. In this review article, we discuss the relevance of oxidative stress to insulin resistance based on genetically modified animal models and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Department of Physiology and Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology and Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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8
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Bhattacharya A, Pulliam D, Liu Y, Salmon AB. Mitochondrial-targeted methionine sulfoxide reductase overexpression increases the production of oxidative stress in mitochondria from skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:45-51. [PMID: 33829213 PMCID: PMC8023689 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises part of the etiology of myriad health issues, particularly those that occur with advancing age. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a ubiquitous protein oxidation repair enzyme that specifically and catalytically reduces a specific epimer of oxidized methionine: methionine sulfoxide. In this study, we tested the ways in which mitochondrial bioenergetic functions are affected by increasing MsrA expression in different cellular compartments. Methods: In this study, we tested the function of isolated mitochondria, including free radical generation, ATP production, and respiration, from the skeletal muscle of two lines of transgenic mice with increased MsrA expression: mitochondria-targeted MsrA overexpression or cytosol-targeted MsrA overexpression. Results: Surprisingly, in the samples from mice with mitochondrial-targeted MsrA overexpression, we found dramatically increased free radical production though no specific defect in respiration, ATP production, or membrane potential. Among the electron transport chain complexes, we found the activity of complex I was specifically reduced in mitochondrial MsrA transgenic mice. In mice with cytosolic-targeted MsrA overexpression, we found no significant alteration made to any of these parameters of mitochondrial energetics. Conclusions: There is also a growing amount of evidence that MsrA is a functional requirement for sustaining optimal mitochondrial respiration and free radical generation. MsrA is also known to play a partial role in maintaining normal protein homeostasis by specifically repairing oxidized proteins. Our studies highlight a potential novel role for MsrA in regulating the activity of mitochondrial function through its interaction with the mitochondrial proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabh Bhattacharya
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Cellular & Structural Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Clinically Applied Science Education, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Pulliam
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio TX, USA
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9
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Reiterer M, Schmidt-Kastner R, Milton SL. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) dysfunction in human brain disease. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1144-1154. [PMID: 31775527 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1662899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that oxidative stress is strongly associated with aging, senescence and several diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be counteracted by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. One of these antioxidant mechanisms is the widely studied methionine sulfoxide reductase system (Msr). Methionine is one of the most easily oxidized amino acids and Msr can reverse this oxidation and restore protein function, with MsrA and MsrB reducing different stereoisomers. This article focuses on experimental and genetic research performed on Msr and its link to brain diseases. Studies on several model systems as well as genome-wide association studies are compiled to highlight the role of MSRA in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Genetic variation of MSRA may also contribute to the risk of psychosis, personality traits, and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Reiterer
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Milton
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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10
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Cha HN, Park S, Dan Y, Kim JR, Park SY. Peroxiredoxin2 Deficiency Aggravates Aging-Induced Insulin Resistance and Declines Muscle Strength. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:147-154. [PMID: 29733327 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the role of peroxiredoxin2 (Prx2) in aging-induced insulin resistance and reduction in skeletal muscle function in young (2-month-old) and old (24-month-old) Prx2 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice. Plasma insulin levels increased with aging in Prx2 KO mice but not in wild-type mice. Insulin sensitivity in the whole-body and skeletal muscle as assessed with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was lower in Prx2 KO mice than in wild-type mice in the old group but was not significantly different between the two genotypes in the young group. Insulin-induced activation of intracellular signaling molecules was also suppressed in old Prx2 KO mice compared to their wild-type littermates. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and p53 expression levels in skeletal muscle were higher in Prx2 KO mice than in wild-type mice in the old group but were not different between the two genotypes in the young group. p53 expression was negatively correlated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in old mice. Skeletal muscle mass was similar between the two genotypes but grip strength was reduced in old Prx2 KO mice compared to old wild-type mice. These results suggest that Prx2 plays a protective role in aging-induced insulin resistance and declines in muscle strength by suppressing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongwook Dan
- Weinberg College of Art and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Lee SH, Lee S, Du J, Jain K, Ding M, Kadado AJ, Atteya G, Jaji Z, Tyagi T, Kim W, Herzog RI, Patel A, Ionescu CN, Martin KA, Hwa J. Mitochondrial MsrB2 serves as a switch and transducer for mitophagy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10409. [PMID: 31282614 PMCID: PMC6685081 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy can selectively remove damaged toxic mitochondria, protecting a cell from apoptosis. The molecular spatial-temporal mechanisms governing autophagosomal selection of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged mitochondria, particularly in a platelet (no genomic DNA for transcriptional regulation), remain unclear. We now report that the mitochondrial matrix protein MsrB2 plays an important role in switching on mitophagy by reducing Parkin methionine oxidation (MetO), and transducing mitophagy through ubiquitination by Parkin and interacting with LC3. This biochemical signaling only occurs at damaged mitochondria where MsrB2 is released from the mitochondrial matrix. MsrB2 platelet-specific knockout and in vivo peptide inhibition of the MsrB2/LC3 interaction lead to reduced mitophagy and increased platelet apoptosis. Pathophysiological importance is highlighted in human subjects, where increased MsrB2 expression in diabetes mellitus leads to increased platelet mitophagy, and in platelets from Parkinson's disease patients, where reduced MsrB2 expression is associated with reduced mitophagy. Moreover, Parkin mutations at Met192 are associated with Parkinson's disease, highlighting the structural sensitivity at the Met192 position. Release of the enzyme MsrB2 from damaged mitochondria, initiating autophagosome formation, represents a novel regulatory mechanism for oxidative stress-induced mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Lee
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular DiseasesCenter for Biomedical SciencesNational Institute of HealthCheongjuChungbukKorea
| | - Suho Lee
- Departments of Neurology and NeurobiologyCellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair ProgramYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Jing Du
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Kanika Jain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Min Ding
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Anis J Kadado
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Gourg Atteya
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Zainab Jaji
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Won‐ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular DiseasesCenter for Biomedical SciencesNational Institute of HealthCheongjuChungbukKorea
| | - Raimund I Herzog
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Amar Patel
- Division of Movement DisordersDepartments of Neurology and NeurobiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Costin N Ionescu
- Yale Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale‐New Haven HospitalNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research CenterSection of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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12
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The impact of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on DNA methylation of obesity-related genes in mothers and their children. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:367-377. [PMID: 29299736 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary supplementation with probiotics during pregnancy has been suggested to decrease the risk for obesity in women after delivery and to minimize excessive weight gain in their children. Epigenetic DNA methylation has been proposed to impact on gene activity, thereby providing a plausible molecular mechanism for a broad range of biological processes and diseases. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplementation during pregnancy could modify the DNA methylation status of the promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes in mothers and their children. METHODS A sample of 15 pregnant women was taken from a prospective, randomized mother and infant nutrition and probiotic study. Seven women received the probiotic supplementation and eight served as controls. The women's and their children's DNA methylation status of obesity (623 genes) and weight gain-related (433) gene promoters were analyzed from blood samples at the mean of 9.8 months (range 6.1-12.7 months) postpartum. RESULTS Probiotic supplementation led to significantly decreased levels of DNA methylation in 37 gene promoters and increased levels of DNA methylation in one gene promoter in women. In their children, 68 gene promoters were significantly affected consistently with a lower level of DNA methylation in the probiotic group. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our pilot study, we suggest that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy may affect the DNA methylation status of certain promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes both in mothers and their children, thereby providing a potential mechanism for long-lasting health effects.
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Lohr K, Pachl F, Moghaddas Gholami A, Geillinger KE, Daniel H, Kuster B, Klingenspor M. Reduced mitochondrial mass and function add to age-related susceptibility toward diet-induced fatty liver in C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/19/e12988. [PMID: 27694529 PMCID: PMC5064140 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health burden in the aging society with an urging medical need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered critical in the development of hepatic steatosis, the hallmark of NAFLD. Our study addressed in C57BL/6J mice the effect of high fat diet feeding and age on liver mitochondria at an early stage of NAFLD development. We therefore analyzed functional characteristics of hepatic mitochondria and associated alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in response to high fat feeding in adolescent, young adult, and middle‐aged mice. Susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity increased with age. Young adult and middle‐aged mice developed fatty liver, but not adolescent mice. Fat accumulation was negatively correlated with an age‐related reduction in mitochondrial mass and aggravated by a reduced capacity of fatty acid oxidation in high fat‐fed mice. Irrespective of age, high fat diet increased ROS production in hepatic mitochondria associated with a balanced nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2 like 2 (NFE2L2) dependent antioxidative response, most likely triggered by reduced tethering of NFE2L2 to mitochondrial phosphoglycerate mutase 5. Age indirectly influenced mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial mass, thus exacerbating diet‐induced fat accumulation. Therefore, consideration of age in metabolic studies must be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Lohr
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Amin Moghaddas Gholami
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Kerstin E Geillinger
- Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Heo JY, Cha HN, Kim KY, Lee E, Kim SJ, Kim YW, Kim JY, Lee IK, Gladyshev VN, Kim HY, Park SY. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 deficiency does not increase high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Free Radic Res 2016; 51:24-37. [PMID: 27838938 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1261133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) protects against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance due to its antioxidant effects. To determine whether its counterpart, methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (MsrB) has similar effects, we compared MsrB1 knockout and wild-type mice using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. High-fat feeding for eight weeks increased body weights, fat masses, and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides to similar extents in wild-type and MsrB1 knockout mice. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test showed no difference in blood glucose levels between the two genotypes after eight weeks on the high-fat diet. The hyperglycemic-euglycemic clamp study showed that glucose infusion rates and whole body glucose uptakes were decreased to similar extents by the high-fat diet in both wild-type and MsrB1 knockout mice. Hepatic glucose production and glucose uptake of skeletal muscle were unaffected by MsrB1 deficiency. The high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle and liver was not aggravated in MsrB1-deficient mice. Interestingly, whereas MsrB1 deficiency reduced JNK protein levels to a great extent in skeletal muscle and liver, it markedly elevated phosphorylation of JNK, suggesting the involvement of MsrB1 in JNK protein activation. However, this JNK phosphorylation based on a p-JNK/JNK level did not positively correlate with insulin resistance in MsrB1-deficient mice. Taken together, our results show that, in contrast to MsrA deficiency, MsrB1 deficiency does not increase high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Heo
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Na Cha
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Eujin Lee
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jeong Kim
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- c Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- d Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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Salmon AB, Kim G, Liu C, Wren JD, Georgescu C, Richardson A, Levine RL. Effects of transgenic methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) expression on lifespan and age-dependent changes in metabolic function in mice. Redox Biol 2016; 10:251-256. [PMID: 27821326 PMCID: PMC5099276 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that preserve and maintain the cellular proteome are associated with long life and healthy aging. Oxidative damage is a significant contributor to perturbation of proteostasis and is dealt with by the cell through regulation of antioxidants, protein degradation, and repair of oxidized amino acids. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) repairs oxidation of free- and protein-bound methionine residues through enzymatic reduction and is found in both the cytosol and the mitochondria. Previous studies in Drosophila have shown that increasing expression of MsrA can extend longevity. Here we test the effects of increasing MsrA on longevity and healthy aging in two transgenic mouse models. We show that elevated expression of MsrA targeted specifically to the cytosol reduces the rate of age-related death in female mice when assessed by Gompertz analysis. However, neither cytosolic nor mitochondrial MsrA overexpression extends lifespan when measured by log-rank analysis. In mice with MsrA overexpression targeted to the mitochondria, we see evidence for improved insulin sensitivity in aged female mice. With these and our previous data, we conclude that the increasing MsrA expression in mice has differential effects on aging and healthy aging that are dependent on the target of its subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Geumsoo Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Salmon AB. Beyond Diabetes: Does Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress Drive the Aging Process? Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E24. [PMID: 27438860 PMCID: PMC5039573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous correlative data, a causative role for oxidative stress in mammalian longevity has remained elusive. However, there is strong evidence that increased oxidative stress is associated with exacerbation of many diseases and pathologies that are also strongly related to advanced age. Obesity, or increased fat accumulation, is one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide and is associated with not only metabolic dysfunction but also increased levels of oxidative stress in vivo. Moreover, obesity is also associated with significantly increased risks of cardiovascular disease, neurological decline and cancer among many other diseases as well as a significantly increased risk of mortality. In this review, we investigate the possible interpretation that the increased incidence of these diseases in obesity may be due to chronic oxidative stress mediating segmental acceleration of the aging process. Understanding how obesity can alter cellular physiology beyond that directly related to metabolic function could open new therapeutic areas of approach to extend the period of healthy aging among people of all body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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Analysis of Genes Involved in Body Weight Regulation by Targeted Re-Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147904. [PMID: 26828654 PMCID: PMC4734691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genes involved in body weight regulation that were previously investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and in animal models were target-enriched followed by massive parallel next generation sequencing. Methods We enriched and re-sequenced continuous genomic regions comprising FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, SDCCAG8, TKNS, MSRA and TBC1D1 in a screening sample of 196 extremely obese children and adolescents with age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) ≥ 99th percentile and 176 lean adults (BMI ≤ 15th percentile). 22 variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Genotyping was performed in up to 705 independent obesity trios (extremely obese child and both parents), 243 extremely obese cases and 261 lean adults. Results and Conclusion We detected 20 different non-synonymous variants, one frame shift and one nonsense mutation in the 7 continuous genomic regions in study groups of different weight extremes. For SNP Arg695Cys (rs58983546) in TBC1D1 we detected nominal association with obesity (pTDT = 0.03 in 705 trios). Eleven of the variants were rare, thus were only detected heterozygously in up to ten individual(s) of the complete screening sample of 372 individuals. Two of them (in FTO and MSRA) were found in lean individuals, nine in extremely obese. In silico analyses of the 11 variants did not reveal functional implications for the mutations. Concordant with our hypothesis we detected a rare variant that potentially leads to loss of FTO function in a lean individual. For TBC1D1, in contrary to our hypothesis, the loss of function variant (Arg443Stop) was found in an obese individual. Functional in vitro studies are warranted.
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Hunnicut J, Liu Y, Richardson A, Salmon AB. MsrA Overexpression Targeted to the Mitochondria, but Not Cytosol, Preserves Insulin Sensitivity in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139844. [PMID: 26448611 PMCID: PMC4598006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that oxidative stress plays an integral role in the processes by which obesity causes type 2 diabetes. We previously identified that mice lacking the protein oxidation repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) are particularly prone to obesity-induced insulin resistance suggesting an unrecognized role for this protein in metabolic regulation. The goals of this study were to test whether increasing the expression of MsrA in mice can protect against obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. Mice with increased levels of MsrA in the mitochondria (TgMito MsrA) or in the cytosol (TgCyto MsrA) were fed a high fat/high sugar diet and parameters of glucose homeostasis were monitored. Mitochondrial content, markers of mitochondrial proteostasis and mitochondrial energy utilization were assessed. TgMito MsrA, but not TgCyto MsrA, mice remain insulin sensitive after high fat feeding, though these mice are not protected from obesity. This metabolically healthy obese phenotype of TgMito MsrA mice is not associated with changes in mitochondrial number or biogenesis or with a reduction of proteostatic stress in the mitochondria. However, our data suggest that increased mitochondrial MsrA can alter metabolic homeostasis under diet-induced obesity by activating AMPK signaling, thereby defining a potential mechanism by which this genetic alteration can prevent insulin resistance without affecting obesity. Our data suggest that identification of targets that maintain and regulate the integrity of the mitochondrial proteome, particular against oxidative damage, may play essential roles in the protection against metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- JennaLynn Hunnicut
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Adam B. Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Wu Y, Xie G, Xu Y, Ma L, Tong C, Fan D, Du F, Yu H. PEP-1-MsrA ameliorates inflammation and reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. J Transl Med 2015; 13:316. [PMID: 26410585 PMCID: PMC4584131 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a potent intracellular oxidoreductase and serves as an essential factor that protects cells against oxidative damage. However, therapeutic use of exogenous MsrA in oxidative stress-induced diseases is limited, because it cannot enter the cells. The aim of this study is to investigate whether MsrA with PEP-1, a cell penetrating peptide, fused to its N-terminus can protect against oxidative stress in macrophages and can attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. METHODS MsrA and the fusion protein PEP-1-MsrA were expressed and purified using a pET28a expression system. Transduction of the fusion protein into macrophages was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis levels were measured by flow cytometry. In in vivo study, MsrA or PEP-1-MsrA proteins were intraperitoneally injected into apoE(-/-) mice fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids levels, inflammatory gene expression, and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were assessed. Atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by Oil Red O staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PEP-1-MsrA could penetrate the cells and significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis in H2O2-treated macrophages. It also decreased TNFα and IL-1β mRNA levels and increased the IL-10 mRNA level in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. In in vivo study, PEP-1-MsrA injection significantly increased plasma PON1 and SOD activities and decreased plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) level compared to the injection of vehicle control or MsrA. In PEP-1-MsrA injected mice, hepatic PON1 levels were increased, while the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA in the liver was suppressed. Although plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not change, the aortic atherosclerosis in PEP-1-MsrA treated mice was significantly reduced. This was accompanied by a reduction of total and apoptotic macrophages in the lesions. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that PEP-1-MsrA may be a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Guanghui Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Tong
- Cardiology Division of Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Fen Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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20
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Proteomics profiling of ethylene-induced tomato flower pedicel abscission. J Proteomics 2015; 121:67-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Díaz-Rúa R, Keijer J, Caimari A, van Schothorst EM, Palou A, Oliver P. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source to detect markers of homeostatic alterations caused by the intake of diets with an unbalanced macronutrient composition. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:398-407. [PMID: 25660595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are accessible in humans, and their gene expression pattern was shown to reflect overall physiological response of the body to a specific stimulus, such as diet. We aimed to study the impact of sustained intake (4months) of diets with an unbalanced macronutrient proportion (rich in fat or protein) administered isocalorically to a balanced control diet, as physiological stressors on PBMC whole-genome gene expression in rats, to better understand the effects of these diets on metabolism and health and to identify biomarkers of nutritional imbalance. Dietary macronutrient composition (mainly increased protein content) altered PBMC gene expression, with genes involved in immune response being the most affected. Intake of a high-fat (HF) diet decreased the expression of genes related to antigen recognition/presentation, whereas the high-protein (HP) diet increased the expression of these genes and of genes involved in cytokine signaling and immune system maturation/activation. Key energy homeostasis genes (mainly related to lipid metabolism) were also affected, reflecting an adaptive response to the diets. Moreover, HF diet feeding impaired expression of genes involved in redox balance regulation. Finally, we identified a common gene expression signature of 7 genes whose expression changed in the same direction in response to the intake of both diets. These genes, individually or together, constitute a potential risk marker of diet macronutrient imbalance. In conclusion, we newly show that gene expression analysis in PBMCs allows for detection of diet-induced physiological deviations that distinguish from a diet with a proper and equilibrated macronutrient composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Díaz-Rúa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Paula Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Zhang Y, Fischer KE, Soto V, Liu Y, Sosnowska D, Richardson A, Salmon AB. Obesity-induced oxidative stress, accelerated functional decline with age and increased mortality in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 576:39-48. [PMID: 25558793 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious chronic disease that increases the risk of numerous co-morbidities including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancer as well as increases risk of mortality, leading some to suggest this condition represents accelerated aging. Obesity is associated with significant increases in oxidative stress in vivo and, despite the well-explored relationship between oxidative stress and aging, the role this plays in the increased mortality of obese subjects remains an unanswered question. Here, we addressed this by undertaking a comprehensive, longitudinal study of a group of high fat-fed obese mice and assessed both their changes in oxidative stress and in their performance in physiological assays known to decline with aging. In female C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet starting in adulthood, mortality was significantly increased as was oxidative damage in vivo. High fat-feeding significantly accelerated the decline in performance in several assays, including activity, gait, and rotarod. However, we also found that obesity had little effect on other markers of function and actually improved performance in grip strength, a marker of muscular function. Together, this first comprehensive assessment of longitudinal, functional changes in high fat-fed mice suggests that obesity may induce segmental acceleration of some of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen E Fischer
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vanessa Soto
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Danuta Sosnowska
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Allu PK, Marada A, Boggula Y, Karri S, Krishnamoorthy T, Sepuri NBV. Methionine sulfoxide reductase 2 reversibly regulates Mge1, a cochaperone of mitochondrial Hsp70, during oxidative stress. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:406-19. [PMID: 25428986 PMCID: PMC4310733 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductases are important regulators of oxidative stress, as they reduce oxidized methionine in proteins. Mge1, a cochaperone of mtHsp70, is a physiological substrate of Mxr2 and regulates reversibly to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis and oxidative stress. Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases are conserved enzymes that reduce oxidized methionines in protein(s). Although these reductases have been implicated in several human diseases, there is a dearth of information on the identity of their physiological substrates. By using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we show that of the two methionine sulfoxide reductases (MXR1, MXR2), deletion of mitochondrial MXR2 renders yeast cells more sensitive to oxidative stress than the cytosolic MXR1. Our earlier studies showed that Mge1, an evolutionarily conserved nucleotide exchange factor of Hsp70, acts as an oxidative sensor to regulate mitochondrial Hsp70. In the present study, we show that Mxr2 regulates Mge1 by selectively reducing MetO at position 155 and restores the activity of Mge1 both in vitro and in vivo. Mge1 M155L mutant rescues the slow-growth phenotype and aggregation of proteins of mxr2Δ strain during oxidative stress. By identifying the first mitochondrial substrate for Mxrs, we add a new paradigm to the regulation of the oxidative stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Allu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Adinarayana Marada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Yerranna Boggula
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Srinivasu Karri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Thanuja Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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24
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Edrey YH, Salmon AB. Revisiting an age-old question regarding oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:368-378. [PMID: 24704971 PMCID: PMC4049226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in maintaining health throughout life can be made through a clear understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that regulate aging. The Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging (OSTA) is probably the most well studied mechanistic theory of aging and suggests that the rate of aging is controlled by accumulation of oxidative damage. To directly test the OSTA, aging has been measured in several lines of mice with genetic alterations in the expression of enzymatic antioxidants. Under its strictest interpretation, these studies do not support the OSTA, as modulation of antioxidant expression does not generally affect mouse life span. However, the incidence of many age-related diseases and pathologies is altered in these models, suggesting that oxidative stress does significantly influence some aspects of the aging process. Further, oxidative stress may affect aging in disparate patterns among tissues or under various environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding aging in antioxidant mutant mice and offer several interpretations of their support of the OSTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael H Edrey
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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25
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Kwon MJ, Ju TJ, Heo JY, Kim YW, Kim JY, Won KC, Kim JR, Bae YK, Park IS, Min BH, Lee IK, Park SY. Deficiency of clusterin exacerbates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2089-101. [PMID: 24684302 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of clusterin in insulin resistance in high fat-fed wild-type and clusterin knockout (KO) mice. The plasma levels of glucose and C-peptide and islet size were increased in clusterin KO mice after an 8-week high-fat diet. In an ip glucose tolerance test, the area under the curve for glucose was not different, whereas the area under the curve for insulin was higher in clusterin KO mice. In a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, the clamp insulin levels were higher in clusterin KO mice after the high-fat diet. After adjusting for the clamp insulin levels, the glucose infusion rate, suppression of hepatic glucose production, and glucose uptake were lower in clusterin KO mice in the high fat-fed group. The plasma levels of clusterin and clusterin mRNA levels in the skeletal muscle and liver were increased by the high-fat diet. The mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes were lower, and the mRNA levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 1 and cytokines and protein carbonylation were higher in the skeletal muscle and liver in clusterin KO mice after the high-fat diet. Palmitate-induced gene expressions of NOX1 and cytokines were higher in the primary cultured hepatocytes of clusterin KO mice compared with the wild-type mice. Clusterin inhibited the gene expression and reactive oxygen species generation by palmitate in the hepatocytes and C2C12. AKT phosphorylation by insulin was reduced in the hepatocytes of clusterin KO mice. These results suggest that clusterin plays a protective role against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kwon
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.K., T.-j.J., J.-Y.H., Y.-W.K., J.-Y.K., S.-Y.P.), Internal Medicine (K.-C.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.-R.K.), and Pathology (Y.K.B.) and Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center (T.-j.J., J.-Y.H., J.-R.K., S.-Y.P.), College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-703, South Korea; Department of Anatomy (I.-S.P.), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology (B.-H.M.), College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, South Korea; and Department of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-712, South Korea
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26
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Rupérez AI, Gil A, Aguilera CM. Genetics of oxidative stress in obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3118-44. [PMID: 24562334 PMCID: PMC3958901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue and peripheral organs. Its derived metabolic complications are mediated by the associated oxidative stress, inflammation and hypoxia. Oxidative stress is due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species or diminished antioxidant defenses. Genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in antioxidant defense system genes, could alter the efficacy of these enzymes and, ultimately, the risk of obesity; thus, studies investigating the role of genetic variations in genes related to oxidative stress could be useful for better understanding the etiology of obesity and its metabolic complications. The lack of existing literature reviews in this field encouraged us to gather the findings from studies focusing on the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress-producing systems and transcription factor genes concerning their association with obesity risk and its phenotypes. In the future, the characterization of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obese patients could contribute to the development of controlled antioxidant therapies potentially beneficial for the treatment of obesity-derived metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara I Rupérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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27
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Kim G, Weiss SJ, Levine RL. Methionine oxidation and reduction in proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1840:901-5. [PMID: 23648414 PMCID: PMC3766491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine and methionine are the two sulfur containing amino acids in proteins. While the roles of protein-bound cysteinyl residues as endogenous antioxidants are well appreciated, those of methionine remain largely unexplored. SCOPE We summarize the key roles of methionine residues in proteins. MAJOR CONCLUSION Recent studies establish that cysteine and methionine have remarkably similar functions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Both cysteine and methionine serve as important cellular antioxidants, stabilize the structure of proteins, and can act as regulatory switches through reversible oxidation and reduction. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geumsoo Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J. Weiss
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rodney L. Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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28
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Drazic A, Winter J. The physiological role of reversible methionine oxidation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1367-82. [PMID: 24418392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing amino acids such as cysteine and methionine are particularly vulnerable to oxidation. Oxidation of cysteine and methionine in their free amino acid form renders them unavailable for metabolic processes while their oxidation in the protein-bound state is a common post-translational modification in all organisms and usually alters the function of the protein. In the majority of cases, oxidation causes inactivation of proteins. Yet, an increasing number of examples have been described where reversible cysteine oxidation is part of a sophisticated mechanism to control protein function based on the redox state of the protein. While for methionine the dogma is still that its oxidation inhibits protein function, reversible methionine oxidation is now being recognized as a powerful means of triggering protein activity. This mode of regulation involves oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide leading to activated protein function, and inactivation is accomplished by reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to methionine catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductases. Given the similarity to thiol-based redox-regulation of protein function, methionine oxidation is now established as a novel mode of redox-regulation of protein function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Thiol-Based Redox Processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Drazic
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPS(M)) at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jeannette Winter
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPS(M)) at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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29
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Ju TJ, Kwon WY, Kim YW, Kim JY, Kim YD, Lee IK, Park SY. Hemin Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle in High Fat–Fed Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 126:115-25. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14003fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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30
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Graff M, Fernández-Rhodes L, Liu S, Carlson C, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Neuhouser M, Reiner A, Kooperberg C, Rampersaud E, Manson JE, Kuller LH, Howard BV, Ochs-Balcom HM, Johnson KC, Vitolins MZ, Sucheston L, Monda K, North KE. Generalization of adiposity genetic loci to US Hispanic women. Nutr Diabetes 2013; 3:e85. [PMID: 23978819 PMCID: PMC3759132 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a public health concern. Yet the identification of adiposity-related genetic variants among United States (US) Hispanics, which is the largest US minority group, remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To interrogate an a priori list of 47 (32 overall body mass and 15 central adiposity) index single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously studied in individuals of European descent among 3494 US Hispanic women in the Women's Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource (WHI SHARe). DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were inverse normally transformed after adjusting for age, smoking, center and global ancestry. WC and WHR models were also adjusted for BMI. Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix 6.0 array. In the absence of an a priori selected SNP, a proxy was selected (r2⩾0.8 in CEU). RESULTS: Six BMI loci (TMEM18, NUDT3/HMGA1, FAIM2, FTO, MC4R and KCTD15) and two WC/WHR loci (VEGFA and ITPR2-SSPN) were nominally significant (P<0.05) at the index or proxy SNP in the corresponding BMI and WC/WHR models. To account for distinct linkage disequilibrium patterns in Hispanics and further assess generalization of genetic effects at each locus, we interrogated the evidence for association at the 47 surrounding loci within 1 Mb region of the index or proxy SNP. Three additional BMI loci (FANCL, TFAP2B and ETV5) and five WC/WHR loci (DNM3-PIGC, GRB14, ADAMTS9, LY86 and MSRA) displayed Bonferroni-corrected significant associations with BMI and WC/WHR. Conditional analyses of each index SNP (or its proxy) and the most significant SNP within the 1 Mb region supported the possible presence of index-independent signals at each of these eight loci as well as at KCTD15. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the generalization of nine BMI and seven central adiposity loci in Hispanic women. This study expands the current knowledge of common adiposity-related genetic loci to Hispanic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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