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Azbarova AV, Knorre DA. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Yeast Replicative Aging. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1997-2006. [PMID: 38462446 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the diverse manifestations of aging across different species, some common aging features and underlying mechanisms are shared. In particular, mitochondria appear to be among the most vulnerable systems in both metazoa and fungi. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is related to replicative aging in the simplest eukaryotic model, the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We discuss a chain of events that starts from asymmetric distribution of mitochondria between mother and daughter cells. With age, yeast mother cells start to experience a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and, consequently, a decrease in mitochondrial protein import efficiency. This induces mitochondrial protein precursors in the cytoplasm, the loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and at the later stages - cell death. Interestingly, yeast strains without mtDNA can have either increased or decreased lifespan compared to the parental strains with mtDNA. The direction of the effect depends on their ability to activate compensatory mechanisms preventing or mitigating negative consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. The central role of mitochondria in yeast aging and death indicates that it is one of the most complex and, therefore, deregulation-prone systems in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia V Azbarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Knorre
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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2
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Metzger MB, Scales JL, Grant GA, Molnar AE, Loncarek J, Weissman AM. Differential sensitivity of the yeast Lon protease Pim1p to impaired mitochondrial respiration. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104937. [PMID: 37331598 PMCID: PMC10359500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles whose proteome is well protected by regulated protein degradation and quality control. While the ubiquitin-proteasome system can monitor mitochondrial proteins that reside at the mitochondrial outer membrane or are not successfully imported, resident proteases generally act on proteins within mitochondria. Herein, we assess the degradative pathways for mutant forms of three mitochondrial matrix proteins (mas1-1HA, mas2-11HA, and tim44-8HA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The degradation of these proteins is strongly impaired by loss of either the matrix AAA-ATPase (m-AAA) (Afg3p/Yta12p) or Lon (Pim1p) protease. We determine that these mutant proteins are all bona fide Pim1p substrates whose degradation is also blocked in respiratory-deficient "petite" yeast cells, such as in cells lacking m-AAA protease subunits. In contrast, matrix proteins that are substrates of the m-AAA protease are not affected by loss of respiration. The failure to efficiently remove Pim1p substrates in petite cells has no evident relationship to Pim1p maturation, localization, or assembly. However, Pim1p's autoproteolysis is intact, and its overexpression restores substrate degradation, indicating that Pim1p retains some functionality in petite cells. Interestingly, chemical perturbation of mitochondria with oligomycin similarly prevents degradation of Pim1p substrates. Our results demonstrate that Pim1p activity is highly sensitive to mitochondrial perturbations such as loss of respiration or drug treatment in a manner that we do not observe with other proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Metzger
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
| | - Jessica L Scales
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Garis A Grant
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Abigail E Molnar
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Allan M Weissman
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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3
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Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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4
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Uvdal P, Shashkova S. The Effect of Calorie Restriction on Protein Quality Control in Yeast. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050841. [PMID: 37238710 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially, protein aggregates were regarded as a sign of a pathological state of the cell. Later, it was found that these assemblies are formed in response to stress, and that some of them serve as signalling mechanisms. This review has a particular focus on how intracellular protein aggregates are related to altered metabolism caused by different glucose concentrations in the extracellular environment. We summarise the current knowledge of the role of energy homeostasis signalling pathways in the consequent effect on intracellular protein aggregate accumulation and removal. This covers regulation at different levels, including elevated protein degradation and proteasome activity mediated by the Hxk2 protein, the enhanced ubiquitination of aberrant proteins through Torc1/Sch9 and Msn2/Whi2, and the activation of autophagy mediated through ATG genes. Finally, certain proteins form reversible biomolecular aggregates in response to stress and reduced glucose levels, which are used as a signalling mechanism in the cell, controlling major primary energy pathways related to glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Uvdal
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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5
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Vega M, Castillo D, de Cubas L, Wang Y, Huang Y, Hidalgo E, Cabrera M. Antagonistic effects of mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space proteases on yeast aging. BMC Biol 2022; 20:160. [PMID: 35820914 PMCID: PMC9277893 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many organisms, aging is characterized by a loss of mitochondrial homeostasis. Multiple factors such as respiratory metabolism, mitochondrial fusion/fission, or mitophagy have been linked to cell longevity, but the exact impact of each one on the aging process is still unclear. Results Using the deletion mutant collection of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we have developed a genome-wide screening for mutants with altered chronological lifespan. We have identified four mutants associated with proteolysis at the mitochondria that exhibit opposite effects on longevity. The analysis of the respiratory activity of these mutants revealed a positive correlation between increased respiration rate and prolonged lifespan. We also found that the phenotype of the long-lived protease mutants could not be explained by impaired mitochondrial fusion/fission activities, but it was dependent on mitophagy induction. The anti-aging role of mitophagy was supported by the effect of a mutant defective in degradation of mitochondria, which shortened lifespan of the long-lived mutants. Conclusions Our characterization of the mitochondrial protease mutants demonstrates that mitophagy sustains the lifespan extension of long-lived mutants displaying a higher respiration potential. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01352-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Vega
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura de Cubas
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yirong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Cabrera
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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Taouktsi E, Kyriakou E, Smyrniotis S, Borbolis F, Bondi L, Avgeris S, Trigazis E, Rigas S, Voutsinas GE, Syntichaki P. Organismal and Cellular Stress Responses upon Disruption of Mitochondrial Lonp1 Protease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081363. [PMID: 35456042 PMCID: PMC9025075 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells engage complex surveillance mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial function and protein homeostasis. LonP1 protease is a key component of mitochondrial quality control and has been implicated in human malignancies and other pathological disorders. Here, we employed two experimental systems, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and human cancer cells, to investigate and compare the effects of LONP-1/LonP1 deficiency at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Deletion of the lonp-1 gene in worms disturbed mitochondrial function, provoked reactive oxygen species accumulation, and impaired normal processes, such as growth, behavior, and lifespan. The viability of lonp-1 mutants was dependent on the activity of the ATFS-1 transcription factor, and loss of LONP-1 evoked retrograde signaling that involved both the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic unfolded protein response (UPRmt and UPRcyt) pathways and ensuing diverse organismal stress responses. Exposure of worms to triterpenoid CDDO-Me, an inhibitor of human LonP1, stimulated only UPRcyt responses. In cancer cells, CDDO-Me induced key components of the integrated stress response (ISR), the UPRmt and UPRcyt pathways, and the redox machinery. However, genetic knockdown of LonP1 revealed a genotype-specific cellular response and induced apoptosis similar to CDDO-Me treatment. Overall, the mitochondrial dysfunction ensued by disruption of LonP1 elicits adaptive cytoprotective mechanisms that can inhibit cancer cell survival but diversely modulate organismal stress response and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Taouktsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Kyriakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Stefanos Smyrniotis
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Fivos Borbolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Labrina Bondi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Socratis Avgeris
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Efstathios Trigazis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Gerassimos E. Voutsinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.E.V.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0650-3579 (G.E.V.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (G.E.V.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0650-3579 (G.E.V.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
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7
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Yang J, Song AS, Wiseman RL, Lander GC. Cryo-EM structure of hexameric yeast Lon protease (PIM1) highlights the importance of conserved structural elements. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101694. [PMID: 35143841 PMCID: PMC8913295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lon protease is a conserved ATP-dependent serine protease composed of an AAA+ domain that mechanically unfolds substrates and a serine protease domain that degrades these unfolded substrates. In yeast, dysregulation of Lon protease (PIM1) attenuates lifespan and leads to gross mitochondrial morphological perturbations. Although structures of the bacterial and human Lon protease reveal a hexameric assembly, yeast PIM1 was speculated to form a heptameric assembly and is uniquely characterized by a ∼50-residue insertion between the ATPase and protease domains. To further understand the yeast-specific properties of PIM1, we determined a high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of PIM1 in a substrate-translocating state. Here, we reveal that PIM1 forms a hexamer, conserved with that of bacterial and human Lon proteases, wherein the ATPase domains form a canonical closed spiral that enables pore loop residues to translocate substrates to the protease chamber. In the substrate-translocating state, PIM1 protease domains form a planar protease chamber in an active conformation and are uniquely characterized by a ∼15-residue C-terminal extension. These additional C-terminal residues form an α-helix located along the base of the protease domain. Finally, we did not observe density for the yeast-specific insertion between the ATPase and protease domains, likely due to high conformational flexibility. Biochemical studies to investigate the insertion using constructs that truncated or replaced the insertion with a glycine-serine linker suggest that the yeast-specific insertion is dispensable for PIM1's enzymatic function. Altogether, our structural and biochemical studies highlight unique components of PIM1 machinery and demonstrate evolutionary conservation of Lon protease function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Albert S Song
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Gabriel C Lander
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA.
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8
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Proteomic analysis demonstrates the role of the quality control protease LONP1 in mitochondrial protein aggregation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101134. [PMID: 34461102 PMCID: PMC8503632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix protease LONP1 is an essential part of the organellar protein quality control system. LONP1 has been shown to be involved in respiration control and apoptosis. Furthermore, a reduction in LONP1 level correlates with aging. Up to now, the effects of a LONP1 defect were mostly studied by utilizing transient, siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches. We generated a new cellular model system for studying the impact of LONP1 on mitochondrial protein homeostasis by a CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic knockdown (gKD). These cells showed a stable reduction of LONP1 along with a mild phenotype characterized by absent morphological differences and only small negative effects on mitochondrial functions under normal culture conditions. To assess the consequences of a permanent LONP1 depletion on the mitochondrial proteome, we analyzed the alterations of protein levels by quantitative mass spectrometry, demonstrating small adaptive changes, in particular with respect to mitochondrial protein biogenesis. In an additional proteomic analysis, we determined the temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of mitochondrial proteins and its dependence on a reduction of LONP1 activity, demonstrating the important role of the protease for mitochondrial protein homeostasis in mammalian cells. We identified a significant number of mitochondrial proteins that are affected by a reduced LONP1 activity especially with respect to their stress-induced solubility. Taken together, our results suggest a very good applicability of the LONP1 gKD cell line as a model system for human aging processes.
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Gioran A, Chondrogianni N. Mitochondria (cross)talk with proteostatic mechanisms: Focusing on ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kalvala AK, Yerra VG, Sherkhane B, Gundu C, Arruri V, Kumar R, Kumar A. Chronic hyperglycemia impairs mitochondrial unfolded protein response and precipitates proteotoxicity in experimental diabetic neuropathy: focus on LonP1 mediated mitochondrial regulation. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1627-1644. [PMID: 32720218 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis has been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy (DN). However, the role of Mitochondrial Lon peptidase 1 (Lonp1) and Heat shock proteins (HSP's) in DN remains elusive. Here we studied the role of these proteins in experimental DN. METHODS Rats were injected with STZ (55 mg/kg, ip) to induce diabetes. After confirmation of diabetes, animals were maintained for 8 weeks to develop neuropathy. Resveratrol was administered at two dose levels 10 and 20 mg/kg for last 2 weeks. Neuronal PC12 cells was challenged with 30 mM of β-D glucose to evaluate the molecular changes. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed reduced expression of various mitochondrial proteases in dorsal root ganglions (DRG). This effect may increase proteotoxicity and diminish electron transport chain (ETC) activity as evident by increased protein oxidation and reduced ETC complexes activities under diabetic condition. In particular, we focused on our efforts to characterize the expression pattern of Lonp1 which was found to be significantly (p < 0.01 vs. control group) under expressed in DRG of diabetic rats. We used Resveratrol to characterize the importance of Lonp1 in regulation of mitochondrial function. High glucose (HG) (30 mM) exposed PC12 cells suggested that Resveratrol treatment attenuated the HG induced mitochondrial damage via induction of mitochondrial proteases. Moreover, siRNA directed against Lonp1 has impaired the activity of Resveratrol in attenuating the HG induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION These results would signify the importance of modulating mitochondrial proteases for the therapeutic management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bhoomika Sherkhane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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11
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The Mitochondrial Lon Protease: Novel Functions off the Beaten Track? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020253. [PMID: 32046155 PMCID: PMC7072132 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain organellar function, mitochondria contain an elaborate endogenous protein quality control system. As one of the two soluble energy-dependent proteolytic enzymes in the matrix compartment, the protease Lon is a major component of this system, responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins, in particular under oxidative stress conditions. Lon defects have been shown to negatively affect energy production by oxidative phosphorylation but also mitochondrial gene expression. In this review, recent studies on the role of Lon in mammalian cells, in particular on its protective action under diverse stress conditions and its relationship to important human diseases are summarized and commented.
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12
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Vazquez-Calvo C, Suhm T, Büttner S, Ott M. The basic machineries for mitochondrial protein quality control. Mitochondrion 2019; 50:121-131. [PMID: 31669238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play pivotal roles in cellular energy metabolism, the synthesis of essential biomolecules and the regulation of cell death and aging. The proper folding, unfolding and degradation of the many proteins active within mitochondria is surveyed by the mitochondrial quality control machineries. Here, we describe the principal components of the mitochondrial quality control system and recent developments in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms maintaining a functional mitochondrial proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Vazquez-Calvo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Tamara Suhm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden.
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13
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Lautenschäger J, Kaminski Schierle GS. Mitochondrial degradation of amyloidogenic proteins - A new perspective for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101660. [PMID: 31301323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This perspective article outlines mechanisms of mitochondrial import and protein degradation and how these have been linked to alpha-synuclein and Amyloid beta (Aβ) homeostasis. Our aim is to underpin and stimulate the debate on the recent conception of mitochondria as protein degrading organelles, which suggests that mitochondria are more directly involved in neurodegenerative diseases than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lautenschäger
- Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle
- Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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14
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Cell organelles and yeast longevity: an intertwined regulation. Curr Genet 2019; 66:15-41. [PMID: 31535186 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are dynamic structures of a eukaryotic cell that compartmentalize various essential functions and regulate optimum functioning. On the other hand, ageing is an inevitable phenomenon that leads to irreversible cellular damage and affects optimum functioning of cells. Recent research shows compelling evidence that connects organelle dysfunction to ageing-related diseases/disorders. Studies in several model systems including yeast have led to seminal contributions to the field of ageing in uncovering novel pathways, proteins and their functions, identification of pro- and anti-ageing factors and so on. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of findings that highlight the role of organelles in ageing and ageing-associated functions/pathways in yeast.
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15
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Pomatto LCD, Sun PY, Yu K, Gullapalli S, Bwiza CP, Sisliyan C, Wong S, Zhang H, Forman HJ, Oliver PL, Davies KE, Davies KJA. Limitations to adaptive homeostasis in an hyperoxia-induced model of accelerated ageing. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101194. [PMID: 31022673 PMCID: PMC6479762 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 signal transduction pathway plays a major role in adaptive responses to oxidative stress and in maintaining adaptive homeostasis, yet Nrf2 signaling undergoes a significant age-dependent decline that is still poorly understood. We used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cultured under hyperoxic conditions of 40% O2, as a model of accelerated ageing. Hyperoxia increased baseline levels of Nrf2 and multiple transcriptional targets (20S Proteasome, Immunoproteasome, Lon protease, NQO1, and HO-1), but resulted in loss of cellular ability to adapt to signaling levels (1.0 μM) of H2O2. In contrast, MEFs cultured at physiologically relevant conditions of 5% O2 exhibited a transient induction of Nrf2 Phase II target genes and stress-protective enzymes (the Lon protease and OXR1) following H2O2 treatment. Importantly, all of these effects have been seen in older cells and organisms. Levels of Two major Nrf2 inhibitors, Bach1 and c-Myc, were strongly elevated by hyperoxia and appeared to exert a ceiling on Nrf2 signaling. Bach1 and c-Myc also increase during ageing and may thus be the mechanism by which adaptive homeostasis is compromised with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C D Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Patrick Y Sun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Kelsi Yu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Sandhyarani Gullapalli
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Conscience P Bwiza
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Christina Sisliyan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Peter L Oliver
- Oxford Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK; MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Kay E Davies
- Oxford Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
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16
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Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. Adaptive homeostasis and the free radical theory of ageing. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:420-430. [PMID: 29960100 PMCID: PMC6098721 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Free Radical Theory of Ageing, was first proposed by Denham Harman in the mid-1950's, based largely on work conducted by Rebeca Gerschman and Daniel Gilbert. At its core, the Free Radical Theory of Ageing posits that free radical and related oxidants, from the environment and internal metabolism, cause damage to cellular constituents that, over time, result in an accumulation of structural and functional problems. Several variations on the original concept have been advanced over the past six decades, including the suggestion of a central role for mitochondria-derived reactive species, and the proposal of an age-related decline in the effectiveness of protein, lipid, and DNA repair systems. Such innovations have helped the Free Radical Theory of Aging to achieve widespread popularity. Nevertheless, an ever-growing number of apparent 'exceptions' to the Theory have seriously undermined its acceptance. In part, we suggest, this has resulted from a rather simplistic experimental approach of knocking-out, knocking-down, knocking-in, or overexpressing antioxidant-related genes to determine effects on lifespan. In some cases such experiments have yielded results that appear to support the Free Radical Theory of Aging, but there are just as many published papers that appear to contradict the Theory. We suggest that free radicals and related oxidants are but one subset of stressors with which all life forms must cope over their lifespans. Adaptive Homeostasis is the mechanism by which organisms dynamically expand or contract the homeostatic range of stress defense and repair systems, employing a veritable armory of signal transduction pathways (such as the Keap1-Nrf2 system) to generate a complex profile of inducible and enzymatic protection that best fits the particular need. Viewed as a component of Adaptive Homeostasis, the Free Radical Theory of Aging appears both viable and robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C D Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 00089-0191, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 00089-0191, USA; Molecular and Computational Biology Program of the Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and sciences, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Lebeau J, Rainbolt TK, Wiseman RL. Coordinating Mitochondrial Biology Through the Stress-Responsive Regulation of Mitochondrial Proteases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:79-128. [PMID: 30072094 PMCID: PMC6402875 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are localized throughout mitochondria and function as critical regulators of all aspects of mitochondrial biology. As such, the activities of these proteases are sensitively regulated through transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms to adapt mitochondrial function to specific cellular demands. Here, we discuss the stress-responsive mechanisms responsible for regulating mitochondrial protease activity and the implications of this regulation on mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we describe how imbalances in the activity or regulation of mitochondrial proteases induced by genetic, environmental, or aging-related factors influence mitochondria in the context of disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which cells regulate mitochondrial function through alterations in protease activity provide insights into the contributions of these proteases in pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction and reveals new therapeutic opportunities to ameliorate this dysfunction in the context of diverse classes of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lebeau
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - T Kelly Rainbolt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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18
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Abstract
Mitochondrial aconitase is a reversible enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Mitochondrial aconitase is very sensitive to oxidative inactivation and can aggregate and accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Lon protease, one of the major quality control proteases in mitochondria, degrades oxidized aconitase maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. This chapter describes a step-by-step protocol for a simple and reliable measurement of mitochondrial aconitase, as well as citrate synthase activity, using isolated mitochondria from cells. The protocol is simple and fast, and it is optimized for a 96-well plate using a microplate reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Quirós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC); Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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19
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Oxidised protein metabolism: recent insights. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1165-1175. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ‘oxygen paradox’ arises from the fact that oxygen, the molecule that aerobic life depends on, threatens its very existence. An oxygen-rich environment provided life on Earth with more efficient bioenergetics and, with it, the challenge of having to deal with a host of oxygen-derived reactive species capable of damaging proteins and other crucial cellular components. In this minireview, we explore recent insights into the metabolism of proteins that have been reversibly or irreversibly damaged by oxygen-derived species. We discuss recent data on the important roles played by the proteasomal and lysosomal systems in the proteolytic degradation of oxidatively damaged proteins and the effects of oxidative damage on the function of the proteolytic pathways themselves. Mitochondria are central to oxygen utilisation in the cell, and their ability to handle oxygen-derived radicals is an important and still emerging area of research. Current knowledge of the proteolytic machinery in the mitochondria, including the ATP-dependent AAA+ proteases and mitochondrial-derived vesicles, is also highlighted in the review. Significant progress is still being made in regard to understanding the mechanisms underlying the detection and degradation of oxidised proteins and how proteolytic pathways interact with each other. Finally, we highlight a few unanswered questions such as the possibility of oxidised amino acids released from oxidised proteins by proteolysis being re-utilised in protein synthesis thus establishing a vicious cycle of oxidation in cells.
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20
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Oxidative damage and impairment of protein quality control systems in keratinocytes exposed to a volatile organic compounds cocktail. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10707. [PMID: 28878258 PMCID: PMC5587662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have potentially harmful effects to the skin. However, knowledge about cellular signaling events and toxicity subsequent to VOC exposure to human skin cells is still poorly documented. The aim of this study was to focus on the interaction between 5 different VOCs (hexane, toluene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acetone) at doses mimicking chronic low level environmental exposure and the effect on human keratinocytes to get better insight into VOC-cell interactions. We provide evidence that the proteasome, a major intracellular proteolytic system which is involved in a broad array of processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, transcription, DNA repair, protein quality control and antigen presentation, is a VOC target. Proteasome inactivation after VOC exposure is accompanied by apoptosis, DNA damage and protein oxidation. Lon protease, which degrades oxidized, dysfunctional, and misfolded proteins in the mitochondria is also a VOC target. Using human skin explants we found that VOCs prevent cell proliferation and also inhibit proteasome activity in vivo. Taken together, our findings provide insight into potential mechanisms of VOC-induced proteasome inactivation and the cellular consequences of these events.
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21
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Bulteau AL, Mena NP, Auchère F, Lee I, Prigent A, Lobsiger CS, Camadro JM, Hirsch EC. Dysfunction of mitochondrial Lon protease and identification of oxidized protein in mouse brain following exposure to MPTP: Implications for Parkinson disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:236-246. [PMID: 28365360 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and protein oxidation could represent a critical event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pioneering studies have shown that the mitochondrial matrix contains the Lon protease, which degrades oxidized, dysfunctional, and misfolded protein. Using the PD animal model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication in mice, we showed that Lon protease expression increased in the ventral mesencephalon of intoxicated animals, concomitantly with the appearance of oxidized proteins and dopaminergic cell loss. In addition, we report that Lon is inactivated by ROS. Moreover, proteomic experiments provide evidence of carbonylation in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), aconitase or subunits of respiratory chain complexes. Lon protease inactivation upon MPTP treatment in mice raises the possibility that Lon protease dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bulteau
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Natalia P Mena
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Françoise Auchère
- Laboratoire Mitochondries, Métaux et Stress Oxydatif, Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Irene Lee
- Case Western Reserve University Department of Chemistry, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Annick Prigent
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Laboratoire Mitochondries, Métaux et Stress Oxydatif, Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Etienne C Hirsch
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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22
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Gottschling DE, Nyström T. The Upsides and Downsides of Organelle Interconnectivity. Cell 2017; 169:24-34. [PMID: 28340346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interconnectivity and feedback control are hallmarks of biological systems. This includes communication between organelles, which allows them to function and adapt to changing cellular environments. While the specific mechanisms for all communications remain opaque, unraveling the wiring of organelle networks is critical to understand how biological systems are built and why they might collapse, as occurs in aging. A comprehensive understanding of all the routes involved in inter-organelle communication is still lacking, but important themes are beginning to emerge, primarily in budding yeast. These routes are reviewed here in the context of sub-system proteostasis and complex adaptive systems theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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23
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Lindholm D, Korhonen L, Eriksson O, Kõks S. Recent Insights into the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in ER Stress in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:48. [PMID: 28540288 PMCID: PMC5423914 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfolded stress response (UPR) is a conserved cellular pathway involved in protein quality control to maintain homeostasis under different conditions and disease states characterized by cell stress. Although three general schemes of and genes induced by UPR are rather well-established, open questions remain including the precise role of UPR in human diseases and the interactions between different sensor systems during cell stress signaling. Particularly, the issue how the normally adaptive and pro-survival UPR pathway turns into a deleterious process causing sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death requires more studies. UPR is also named a friend with multiple personalities that we need to understand better to fully recognize its role in normal physiology and in disease pathology. UPR interacts with other organelles including mitochondria, and with cell stress signals and degradation pathways such as autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Here we review current concepts and mechanisms of UPR as studied in different cells and model systems and highlight the relevance of UPR and related stress signals in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinki, Finland.,Division of Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central HospitalHelsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of TartuTartu, Estonia.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
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24
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Hipkiss AR. On the Relationship between Energy Metabolism, Proteostasis, Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Possible Causative Role of Methylglyoxal and Alleviative Potential of Carnosine. Aging Dis 2017; 8:334-345. [PMID: 28580188 PMCID: PMC5440112 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that energy metabolism can strongly influence proteostasis and thereby affect onset of aging and related disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Changes in glycolytic and proteolytic activities (influenced by diet and development) are suggested to synergistically create a self-reinforcing deleterious cycle via enhanced formation of triose phosphates (dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) and their decomposition product methylglyoxal (MG). It is proposed that triose phosphates and/or MG contribute to the development of PD and its attendant pathophysiological symptoms. MG can induce many of the macromolecular modifications (e.g. protein glycation) which characterise the aged-phenotype. MG can also react with dopamine to generate a salsolinol-like product, 1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinaline (ADTIQ), which accumulates in the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain and whose effects on mitochondria, analogous to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), closely resemble changes associated with PD. MG can directly damage the intracellular proteolytic apparatus and modify proteins into non-degradable (cross-linked) forms. It is suggested that increased endogenous MG formation may result from either, or both, enhanced glycolytic activity and decreased proteolytic activity and contribute to the macromolecular changes associated with PD. Carnosine, a naturally-occurring dipeptide, may ameliorate MG-induced effects due, in part, to its carbonyl-scavenging activity. The possibility that ingestion of highly glycated proteins could also contribute to age-related brain dysfunction is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA), School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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25
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Cabrera M, Novarina D, Rempel IL, Veenhoff LM, Chang M. A simple microfluidic platform to study age-dependent protein abundance and localization changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 4:169-174. [PMID: 28685142 PMCID: PMC5425278 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.05.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae divides asymmetrically, with a smaller daughter cell emerging from its larger mother cell. While the daughter lineage is immortal, mother cells age with each cell division and have a finite lifespan. The replicative ageing of the yeast mother cell has been used as a model to study the ageing of mitotically active human cells. Several microfluidic platforms, which use fluid flow to selectively remove daughter cells, have recently been developed that can monitor cell physiology as mother cells age. However, these platforms are not trivial to set up and users often require many hours of training. In this study, we have developed a simple system, which combines a commercially available microfluidic platform (the CellASIC ONIX Microfluidic Platform) and a genetic tool to prevent the proliferation of daughter cells (the Mother Enrichment Program), to monitor protein abundance and localization changes during approximately the first half of the yeast replicative lifespan. We validated our system by observing known age-dependent changes, such as decreased Sir2 abundance, and have identified a protein with a previously unknown age-dependent change in localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Cabrera
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniele Novarina
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irina L Rempel
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth M Veenhoff
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Chang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Lee J. Mitochondrial drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:714-720. [PMID: 26806044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is the main culprit in neurodegenerative diseases. Given the fact that mitochondria participate in diverse cellular processes, including energetics, metabolism, and death, the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells are inevitable. In fact, new strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as potential alternatives to current treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial proteins that are directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We also examine recently identified small molecule modulators of these mitochondrial targets and assess their potential in research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Pinti M, Gibellini L, Nasi M, De Biasi S, Bortolotti CA, Iannone A, Cossarizza A. Emerging role of Lon protease as a master regulator of mitochondrial functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1300-1306. [PMID: 27033304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lon protease is a nuclear-encoded, mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease highly conserved throughout the evolution, crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Lon acts as a chaperone of misfolded proteins, and is necessary for maintaining mitochondrial DNA. The impairment of these functions has a deep impact on mitochondrial functionality and morphology. An altered expression of Lon leads to a profound reprogramming of cell metabolism, with a switch from respiration to glycolysis, which is often observed in cancer cells. Mutations of Lon, which likely impair its chaperone properties, are at the basis of a genetic inherited disease named of the cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal (CODAS) syndrome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Pomatto LCD, Raynes R, Davies KJA. The peroxisomal Lon protease LonP2 in aging and disease: functions and comparisons with mitochondrial Lon protease LonP1. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:739-753. [PMID: 26852705 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles with the primary role of breaking down very long- and branched-chain fatty acids for subsequent β-oxidation in the mitochondrion. Like mitochondria, peroxisomes are major sites for oxygen utilization and potential contributors to cellular oxidative stress. The accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins, which often develop into inclusion bodies (of oxidized, aggregated, and cross-linked proteins) within both mitochondria and peroxisomes, results in loss of organelle function that may contribute to the aging process. Both organelles possess an isoform of the Lon protease that is responsible for degrading proteins damaged by oxidation. While the importance of mitochondrial Lon (LonP1) in relation to oxidative stress and aging has been established, little is known regarding the role of LonP2 and aging-related changes in the peroxisome. Recently, peroxisome dysfunction has been associated with aging-related diseases indicating that peroxisome maintenance is a critical component of 'healthy aging'. Although mitochondria and peroxisomes are both needed for fatty acid metabolism, little work has focused on understanding the relationship between these two organelles including how age-dependent changes in one organelle may be detrimental for the other. Herein, we summarize findings that establish proteolytic degradation of damaged proteins by the Lon protease as a vital mechanism to maintain protein homeostasis within the peroxisome. Due to the metabolic coordination between peroxisomes and mitochondria, understanding the role of Lon in the aging peroxisome may help to elucidate cellular causes for both peroxisome and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C D Pomatto
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology and Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, U.S.A
| | - Rachel Raynes
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology and Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, U.S.A
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology and Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, U.S.A
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Pinti M, Gibellini L, Liu Y, Xu S, Lu B, Cossarizza A. Mitochondrial Lon protease at the crossroads of oxidative stress, ageing and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4807-24. [PMID: 26363553 PMCID: PMC11113732 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lon protease is a nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial enzyme highly conserved throughout evolution, involved in the degradation of damaged and oxidized proteins of the mitochondrial matrix, in the correct folding of proteins imported in mitochondria, and in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Lon expression is induced by various stimuli, including hypoxia and reactive oxygen species, and provides protection against cell stress. Lon down-regulation is associated with ageing and with cell senescence, while up-regulation is observed in tumour cells, and is correlated with a more aggressive phenotype of cancer. Lon up-regulation contributes to metabolic reprogramming observed in cancer, favours the switch from a respiratory to a glycolytic metabolism, helping cancer cell survival in the tumour microenvironment, and contributes to epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Silencing of Lon, or pharmacological inhibition of its activity, causes cell death in various cancer cells. Thus, Lon can be included in the growing class of proteins that are not responsible for oncogenic transformation, but that are essential for survival and proliferation of cancer cells, and that can be considered as a new target for development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Yongzhang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Mitochondrial proteases and protein quality control in ageing and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:56-66. [PMID: 25578288 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have been implicated in the ageing process and the lifespan modulation of model organisms. Mitochondria are the main providers of energy in eukaryotic cells but also represent both a major source of reactive oxygen species and targets for protein oxidative damage. Since protein damage can impair mitochondrial function, mitochondrial proteases are critically important for protein maintenance and elimination of oxidized protein. In the mitochondrial matrix, protein quality control is mainly achieved by the Lon and Clp proteases which are also key players in damaged mitochondrial proteins degradation. Accumulation of damaged macromolecules resulting from oxidative stress and failure of protein maintenance constitutes a hallmark of cellular and organismal ageing and is believed to participate to the age-related decline of cellular function. Hence, age-related impairment of mitochondrial protein quality control may therefore contribute to the age-associated build-up of oxidized protein and alterations of mitochondrial redox and protein homeostasis.
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Liu Y, Lan L, Huang K, Wang R, Xu C, Shi Y, Wu X, Wu Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Wang L, Yu X, Zhu H, Lu B. Inhibition of Lon blocks cell proliferation, enhances chemosensitivity by promoting apoptosis and decreases cellular bioenergetics of bladder cancer: potential roles of Lon as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in baldder cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11209-24. [PMID: 25526030 PMCID: PMC4294382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent Lon protease within mitochondrial matrix contributes to the degradation of abnormal proteins. The oxidative or hypoxic stress which represents the stress phenotype of cancer leads to up-regulation of Lon. However, the role of Lon in bladder cancer remains undefined. Here, we found that Lon expression in bladder cancer tissues was significantly higher than those in noncancerous tissues; down-regulation of Lon in bladder cancer cells significantly blocked cancer cell proliferation via suppression c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation due to decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhanced the sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents by promoting apoptosis. We further found that Lon down-regulation in bladder cancer cells decreased cellular bioenergetics as determined by measuring aerobic respiration and glycolysis using extracellular flux analyzer. The tissue microarray (TMA) results showed that high expression of Lon was related to the T and TNM stage, as well as histological grade of bladder cancer patients. We also demonstrated that Lon was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of bladder cancer. Taken together, our data suggest that Lon could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for treatment of bladder cancer, as well as for prediction of the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhang Liu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linhua Lan
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kate Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuicui Xu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tsang F, Lin SJ. Less is more: Nutrient limitation induces cross-talk of nutrient sensing pathways with NAD + homeostasis and contributes to longevity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:333-357. [PMID: 27683589 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-015-1367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing pathways and their regulation grant cells control over their metabolism and growth in response to changing nutrients. Factors that regulate nutrient sensing can also modulate longevity. Reduced activity of nutrient sensing pathways such as glucose-sensing PKA, nitrogen-sensing TOR and S6 kinase homolog Sch9 have been linked to increased life span in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and higher eukaryotes. Recently, reduced activity of amino acid sensing SPS pathway was also shown to increase yeast life span. Life span extension by reduced SPS activity requires enhanced NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) and nicotinamide riboside (NR, a NAD+ precursor) homeostasis. Maintaining adequate NAD+ pools has been shown to play key roles in life span extension, but factors regulating NAD+ metabolism and homeostasis are not completely understood. Recently, NAD+ metabolism was also linked to the phosphate (Pi)-sensing PHO pathway in yeast. Canonical PHO activation requires Pi-starvation. Interestingly, NAD+ depletion without Pi-starvation was sufficient to induce PHO activation, increasing NR production and mobilization. Moreover, SPS signaling appears to function in parallel with PHO signaling components to regulate NR/NAD+ homeostasis. These studies suggest that NAD+ metabolism is likely controlled by and/or coordinated with multiple nutrient sensing pathways. Indeed, cross-regulation of PHO, PKA, TOR and Sch9 pathways was reported to potentially affect NAD+ metabolism; though detailed mechanisms remain unclear. This review discusses yeast longevity-related nutrient sensing pathways and possible mechanisms of life span extension, regulation of NAD+ homeostasis, and cross-talk among nutrient sensing pathways and NAD+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Tsang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Bahat A, Perlberg S, Melamed-Book N, Isaac S, Eden A, Lauria I, Langer T, Orly J. Transcriptional activation of LON Gene by a new form of mitochondrial stress: A role for the nuclear respiratory factor 2 in StAR overload response (SOR). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:62-72. [PMID: 25724481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High output of steroid hormone synthesis in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and the gonads requires the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) that facilitates cholesterol mobilization to the mitochondrial inner membrane where the CYP11A1/P450scc enzyme complex converts the sterol to the first steroid. Earlier studies have shown that StAR is active while pausing on the cytosolic face of the outer mitochondrial membrane while subsequent import of the protein into the matrix terminates the cholesterol mobilization activity. Consequently, during repeated activity cycles, high level of post-active StAR accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. To prevent functional damage due to such protein overload effect, StAR is degraded by a sequence of three to four ATP-dependent proteases of the mitochondria protein quality control system, including LON and the m-AAA membranous proteases AFG3L2 and SPG7/paraplegin. Furthermore, StAR expression in both peri-ovulatory ovarian cells, or under ectopic expression in cell line models, results in up to 3-fold enrichment of the mitochondrial proteases and their transcripts. We named this novel form of mitochondrial stress as StAR overload response (SOR). To better understand the SOR mechanism at the transcriptional level we analyzed first the unexplored properties of the proximal promoter of the LON gene. Our findings suggest that the human nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2), also known as GA binding protein (GABP), is responsible for 88% of the proximal promoter activity, including the observed increase of transcription in the presence of StAR. Further studies are expected to reveal if common transcriptional determinants coordinate the SOR induced transcription of all the genes encoding the SOR proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Bahat
- Department of Biological Chemistry at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shira Perlberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Naomi Melamed-Book
- Bio-Imaging Unit at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sara Isaac
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amir Eden
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ines Lauria
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Orly
- Department of Biological Chemistry at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Abstract
Recent advances in mitochondrial biology have revealed the high diversity and complexity of proteolytic enzymes that regulate mitochondrial function. We have classified mitochondrial proteases, or mitoproteases, on the basis of their function and location, and defined the human mitochondrial degradome as the complete set of mitoproteases that are encoded by the human genome. In addition to their nonspecific degradative functions, mitoproteases perform highly regulated proteolytic reactions that are important in mitochondrial function, integrity and homeostasis. These include protein synthesis, quality control, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, mitophagy and apoptosis. Impaired or dysregulated function of mitoproteases is associated with ageing and with many pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancer. A better understanding of the mitochondrial proteolytic landscape and its modulation may contribute to improving human lifespan and 'healthspan'.
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35
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Lau E, Huang D, Cao Q, Dincer TU, Black CM, Lin AJ, Lee JM, Wang D, Liem DA, Lam MP, Ping P. Spatial and temporal dynamics of the cardiac mitochondrial proteome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:133-46. [PMID: 25752359 PMCID: PMC4721584 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1024227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteins alter in their composition and quantity drastically through time and space in correspondence to changing energy demands and cellular signaling events. The integrity and permutations of this dynamism are increasingly recognized to impact the functions of the cardiac proteome in health and disease. This article provides an overview on recent advances in defining the spatial and temporal dynamics of mitochondrial proteins in the heart. Proteomics techniques to characterize dynamics on a proteome scale are reviewed and the physiological consequences of altered mitochondrial protein dynamics are discussed. Lastly, we offer our perspectives on the unmet challenges in translating mitochondrial dynamics markers into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Lau
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derrick Huang
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Quan Cao
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - T. Umut Dincer
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caitie M. Black
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica M. Lee
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ding Wang
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David A. Liem
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maggie P.Y. Lam
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peipei Ping
- Departments of Physiology, The NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Departments of Medicine, and Bioinformatics, NIH Center of Excellence in Big Data Computing at UCLA, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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36
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Quirós PM, Bárcena C, López-Otín C. Lon protease: A key enzyme controlling mitochondrial bioenergetics in cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e968505. [PMID: 27308364 PMCID: PMC4905204 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.968505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have recently explored the in vivo functional and oncologic relevance of Lon protease (LONP1), an enzyme involved in mitochondrial quality control. We found that LONP1 is an essential protein for life and that it also performs a critical function in tumorigenesis by regulating the bioenergetics of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Quirós
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología; Universidad de Oviedo ; Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clea Bárcena
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología; Universidad de Oviedo ; Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología; Universidad de Oviedo ; Oviedo, Spain
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37
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Bernhardt D, Hamann A, Osiewacz HD. The role of mitochondria in fungal aging. Curr Opin Microbiol 2014; 22:1-7. [PMID: 25299751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent impairments of mitochondrial function play a key role in biological aging. Work on fungal aging models has been instrumental in unraveling basic mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the identification of different pathways active in keeping mitochondria 'healthy' over time. Pathways including those involved in reactive oxygen scavenging, repair of damage, proteostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and biogenesis, are interconnected and part of a complex quality control system. The individual components of this network are limited in capacity. However, if the capacity of one pathway is overwhelmed, another one may be activated. The mechanisms controlling the underlying cross-talk are poorly understood and subject of intensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bernhardt
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes, Department of Biosciences, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Hamann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes, Department of Biosciences, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes, Department of Biosciences, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Méndez L, Pazos M, Molinar-Toribio E, Sánchez-Martos V, Gallardo JM, Rosa Nogués M, Torres JL, Medina I. Protein carbonylation associated to high-fat, high-sucrose diet and its metabolic effects. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1243-53. [PMID: 25282656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present research draws a map of the characteristic carbonylation of proteins in rats fed high-caloric diets with the aim of providing a new insight of the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases derived from the high consumption of fat and refined carbohydrates. Protein carbonylation was analyzed in plasma, liver and skeletal muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet by a proteomics approach based on carbonyl-specific fluorescence-labeling, gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Oxidized proteins along with specific sites of oxidative damage were identified and discussed to illustrate the consequences of protein oxidation. The results indicated that long-term HFHS consumption increased protein oxidation in plasma and liver; meanwhile, protein carbonyls from skeletal muscle did not change. The increment of carbonylation by HFHS diet was singularly selective on specific target proteins: albumin from plasma and liver, and hepatic proteins such as mitochondrial carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia), mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, argininosuccinate synthetase, regucalcin, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit beta, actin cytoplasmic 1 and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase 1. The possible consequences that these specific protein carbonylations have on the excessive weight gain, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease resulting from HFHS diet consumption are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Manuel Pazos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eunice Molinar-Toribio
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Sánchez-Martos
- Unidad de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - José M Gallardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Rosa Nogués
- Unidad de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Josep L Torres
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Spain
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39
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Abstract
During yeast cytokinesis an aged mother cell gives rise to an immaculate daughter cell. A new study now demonstrates that this rejuvenation encompasses a novel Sir2- and actin-cable-dependent filtering process that prevents feeble mitochondria from entering the daughter cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nyström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.
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40
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Kato M, Lin SJ. Regulation of NAD+ metabolism, signaling and compartmentalization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:49-58. [PMID: 25096760 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine nucleotides are essential coenzymes in many cellular redox reactions in all living systems. In addition to functioning as a redox carrier, NAD(+) is also a required co-substrate for the conserved sirtuin deacetylases. Sirtuins regulate transcription, genome maintenance and metabolism and function as molecular links between cells and their environment. Maintaining NAD(+) homeostasis is essential for proper cellular function and aberrant NAD(+) metabolism has been implicated in a number of metabolic- and age-associated diseases. Recently, NAD(+) metabolism has been linked to the phosphate-responsive signaling pathway (PHO pathway) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Activation of the PHO pathway is associated with the production and mobilization of the NAD(+) metabolite nicotinamide riboside (NR), which is mediated in part by PHO-regulated nucleotidases. Cross-regulation between NAD(+) metabolism and the PHO pathway has also been reported; however, detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The PHO pathway also appears to modulate the activities of common downstream effectors of multiple nutrient-sensing pathways (Ras-PKA, TOR, Sch9/AKT). These signaling pathways were suggested to play a role in calorie restriction-mediated beneficial effects, which have also been linked to Sir2 function and NAD(+) metabolism. Here, we discuss the interactions of these pathways and their potential roles in regulating NAD(+) metabolism. In eukaryotic cells, intracellular compartmentalization facilitates the regulation of enzymatic functions and also concentrates or sequesters specific metabolites. Various NAD(+)-mediated cellular functions such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are compartmentalized. Therefore, we also discuss several key players functioning in mitochondrial, cytosolic and vacuolar compartmentalization of NAD(+) intermediates, and their potential roles in NAD(+) homeostasis. To date, it remains unclear how NAD(+) and NAD(+) intermediates shuttle between different cellular compartments. Together, these studies provide a molecular basis for how NAD(+) homeostasis factors and the interacting signaling pathways confer metabolic flexibility and contribute to maintaining cell fitness and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kato
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Smakowska E, Czarna M, Janska H. Mitochondrial ATP-dependent proteases in protection against accumulation of carbonylated proteins. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:245-51. [PMID: 24662487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbonylation is an irreversible oxidative modification of proteins induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or by-products of oxidative stress. Carbonylation leads to the loss of protein function and is used as a marker of oxidative stress. Recent data indicate that carbonylation is not only an unfavorable chance process but may also play a significant role in the control of diverse physiological processes. In plants, carbonylated proteins have been found in all cellular compartments; however, mitochondria, one of the major sources of reactive species, show the highest levels of oxidatively modified proteins under normal or stress conditions. Carbonylated proteins tend to misfold and have to be removed to prevent the formation of harmful insoluble aggregates. Mitochondria have developed several pathways that continuously monitor and remove oxidatively damaged polypeptides, and the mitochondrial protein quality control (mtPQC) system, comprising chaperones and ATP-dependent proteases, is the first line of defense. The Lon protease has been recognized as a key protease involved in the removal of oxidized proteins in yeast and mammalian mitochondria, but not in plants. Recently, it has been reported that the inner-membrane human i-AAA and m-AAA and Arabidopsis i-AAA proteases are crucial components of the defense against accumulation of carbonylated proteins, but the molecular basis of their action is not yet clear. Altogether, the mitochondrial AAA proteases secure the mitochondrial proteome against accumulation of carbonylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Smakowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czarna
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Janska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Bohovych I, Donaldson G, Christianson S, Zahayko N, Khalimonchuk O. Stress-triggered activation of the metalloprotease Oma1 involves its C-terminal region and is important for mitochondrial stress protection in yeast. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13259-72. [PMID: 24648523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.542910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional integrity of mitochondria is critical for optimal cellular physiology. A suite of conserved mitochondrial proteases known as intramitochondrial quality control represents one of the mechanisms assuring normal mitochondrial function. We previously demonstrated that ATP-independent metalloprotease Oma1 mediates degradation of hypohemylated Cox1 subunit of cytochrome c oxidase and is active in cytochrome c oxidase-deficient mitochondria. Here we show that Oma1 is important for adaptive responses to various homeostatic insults and preservation of normal mitochondrial function under damage-eliciting conditions. Changes in membrane potential, oxidative stress, or chronic hyperpolarization lead to increased Oma1-mediated proteolysis. The stress-triggered induction of Oma1 proteolytic activity appears to be associated with conformational changes within the Oma1 homo-oligomeric complex, and these alterations likely involve C-terminal residues of the protease. Substitutions in the conserved C-terminal region of Oma1 impair its ability to form a labile proteolytically active complex in response to stress stimuli. We demonstrate that Oma1 genetically interacts with other inner membrane-bound quality control proteases. These findings indicate that yeast Oma1 is an important player in IM protein homeostasis and integrity by acting in concert with other intramitochondrial quality control components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Bohovych
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
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Nyström T, Liu B. The mystery of aging and rejuvenation - a budding topic. Curr Opin Microbiol 2014; 18:61-7. [PMID: 24631930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the process of yeast budding, an aged and deteriorated mother cell gives rise to a youthful and pristine daughter cell. This remarkable event offers a tractable model system for identifying factors affecting life expectancy and it has been established that multiple aging factors operate in parallel. Herein, we will highlight the identity of such aging factors, how they are asymmetrically segregated, and whether the knowledge of their deteriorating effects might be utilized to approach cellular and tissue rejuvenation in metazoans, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nyström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
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Protein quality control and elimination of protein waste: The role of the ubiquitin–proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:182-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bayot A, Gareil M, Chavatte L, Hamon MP, L'Hermitte-Stead C, Beaumatin F, Priault M, Rustin P, Lombès A, Friguet B, Bulteau AL. Effect of Lon protease knockdown on mitochondrial function in HeLa cells. Biochimie 2013; 100:38-47. [PMID: 24355201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ATP-dependent proteases are currently emerging as key regulators of mitochondrial functions. Among these proteolytic systems, Lon protease is involved in the control of selective protein turnover in the mitochondrial matrix. In the absence of Lon, yeast cells have been shown to accumulate electron-dense inclusion bodies in the matrix space, to loose integrity of mitochondrial genome and to be respiratory deficient. In order to address the role of Lon in mitochondrial functionality in human cells, we have set up a HeLa cell line stably transfected with a vector expressing a shRNA under the control of a promoter which is inducible with doxycycline. We have demonstrated that reduction of Lon protease results in a mild phenotype in this cell line in contrast with what have been observed in other cell types such as WI-38 fibroblasts. Nevertheless, deficiency in Lon protease led to an increase in ROS production and to an accumulation of carbonylated protein in the mitochondria. Our study suggests that Lon protease has a wide variety of targets and is likely to play different roles depending of the cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bayot
- UR4 - Vieillissement, Stress, Inflammation, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Inserm, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Monique Gareil
- UR4 - Vieillissement, Stress, Inflammation, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- Centre de recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, FRC 3115, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR3404, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Paule Hamon
- UR4 - Vieillissement, Stress, Inflammation, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Florian Beaumatin
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, CNRS, Université Bordeaux 2, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, CNRS, Université Bordeaux 2, France
| | | | - Anne Lombès
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- UR4 - Vieillissement, Stress, Inflammation, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- UR4 - Vieillissement, Stress, Inflammation, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Nie X, Li M, Lu B, Zhang Y, Lan L, Chen L, Lu J. Down-regulating overexpressed human Lon in cervical cancer suppresses cell proliferation and bioenergetics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81084. [PMID: 24260536 PMCID: PMC3834287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial ATP-dependent Lon protease functions in regulating the metabolism and quality control of proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, the role of Lon in cancer is not well understood. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the importance of Lon in cervical cancer cells from patients and in established cell lines. Microarray analysis from 30 cancer and 10 normal cervical tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for Lon protein levels. The expression of Lon was also examined by immunoblotting 16 fresh cervical cancer tissues and their respective non-tumor cervical tissues. In all cases, Lon expression was significantly elevated in cervical carcinomas as compared to normal tissues. Augmented Lon expression in tissue microarrays did not vary between age, tumor-node-metastasis grades, or lymph node metastasis. Knocking down Lon in HeLa cervical cancer cells by lentivrial transduction resulted in a substantial decrease in both mRNA and protein levels. Such down-regulation of Lon expression significantly blocked HeLa cell proliferation. In addition, knocking down Lon resulted in decreased cellular bioenergetics as determined by measuring aerobic respiration and glycolysis using the Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer. Together, these data demonstrate that Lon plays a potential role in the oncogenesis of cervical cancer, and may be a useful biomarker and target in the treatment of cervical cancer. Lon; immunohistochemistry; cervical cancer; cell proliferation; cellular bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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Lin SJ, Austriaco N. Aging and cell death in the other yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:119-35. [PMID: 24205865 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How do cells age and die? For the past 20 years, the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used as a model organism to uncover the genes that regulate lifespan and cell death. More recently, investigators have begun to interrogate the other yeasts, the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, to determine if similar longevity and cell death pathways exist in these organisms. After summarizing the longevity and cell death phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, this mini-review surveys the progress made in the study of both aging and programed cell death (PCD) in the yeast models, with a focus on the biology of S. pombe and C. albicans. Particular emphasis is placed on the similarities and differences between the two types of aging, replicative aging, and chronological aging, and between the three types of cell death, intrinsic apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and regulated necrosis, found in these yeasts. The development of the additional microbial models for aging and PCD in the other yeasts may help further elucidate the mechanisms of longevity and cell death regulation in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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48
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Vevea JD, Swayne TC, Boldogh IR, Pon LA. Inheritance of the fittest mitochondria in yeast. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:53-60. [PMID: 23932848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize their biochemical processes within organelles, which have specific functions that must be maintained for overall cellular health. As the site of aerobic energy mobilization and essential biosynthetic activities, mitochondria are critical for cell survival and proliferation. Here, we describe mechanisms to control the quality and quantity of mitochondria within cells with an emphasis on findings from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also describe how mitochondrial quality and quantity control systems that operate during cell division affect lifespan and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Vevea
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theresa C Swayne
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Istvan R Boldogh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liza A Pon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Ngo JK, Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. Upregulation of the mitochondrial Lon Protease allows adaptation to acute oxidative stress but dysregulation is associated with chronic stress, disease, and aging. Redox Biol 2013; 1:258-64. [PMID: 24024159 PMCID: PMC3757690 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of oxidatively modified proteins is a crucial process in maintaining cellular homeostasis, especially during stress. Mitochondria are protein-dense, high traffic compartments, whose polypeptides are constantly exposed to superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and other reactive species, generated by 'electron leakage' from the respiratory chain. The level of oxidative stress to mitochondrial proteins is not constant, but instead varies greatly with numerous metabolic and environmental factors. Oxidized mitochondrial proteins must be removed rapidly (by proteolytic degradation) or they will aggregate, cross-link, and cause toxicity. The Lon Protease is a key enzyme in the degradation of oxidized proteins within the mitochondrial matrix. Under conditions of acute stress Lon is highly inducible, possibly with the oxidant acting as the signal inducer, thereby providing increased protection. It seems that under chronic stress conditions, however, Lon levels actually decline. Lon levels also decline with age and with senescence, and senescent cells even lose the ability to induce Lon during acute stress. We propose that the regulation of Lon is biphasic, in that it is up-regulated during transient stress and down-regulated during chronic stress and aging, and we suggest that the loss of Lon responsiveness may be a significant factor in aging, and in age-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 2D-PAGE, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- AAA, ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities
- Aco1, Aconitase 1
- Adaptation
- CDDO, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid
- CDDO-Me, methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate
- COX, cytochrome c oxidase
- COX4-1, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1
- COX4-2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 2
- Ccp1, mitochondrial cytochrome-c peroxidase
- Clp, caseinolytic protease
- ClpP, core catalytic protease unit
- ERAD, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
- FRDA, Friedreich's ataxia
- Fe/S, iron/SULFUR
- HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy
- HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor-1
- HSP104, heat shock protein 104
- HSP60, heat shock protein 60
- Hormesis
- HsIVU, bacterial ATP-dependent protease
- Lon Protease
- MELAS, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- MPPβ, mitochondrial processing peptidase beta subunit
- Mitochondria
- NRF-2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2
- Nfκb, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B csells
- Oxidative stress
- PRSS15, LON gene
- Pim1, ATP-dependent Lon protease from yeast
- Protease La, ATP-dependent protease
- Protein degradation and oxidation
- Prx1, mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 1
- SLLVY-AMC, N-succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
- SOD, cytosolic superoxide dismutase
- SOD2, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2
- SPG13, hereditary spastic paraplegia
- WI-38, human lung fibroblast
- Yjl200c, mitochondrial aconitase isozyme
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Ngo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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